CN112302683B - Model manufacturing method for simulating shield segment wall post-grouting defect - Google Patents
Model manufacturing method for simulating shield segment wall post-grouting defect Download PDFInfo
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- CN112302683B CN112302683B CN202011158449.2A CN202011158449A CN112302683B CN 112302683 B CN112302683 B CN 112302683B CN 202011158449 A CN202011158449 A CN 202011158449A CN 112302683 B CN112302683 B CN 112302683B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
- E21D11/086—Methods of making concrete lining segments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/08—Detecting presence of flaws or irregularities
Abstract
The invention discloses a model manufacturing method for simulating a shield segment wall post-grouting defect, which is characterized by reversely and horizontally erecting a shield segment on a support and marking a test target area, manufacturing a rubber matching layer according to the test target area and the geometric characteristics of an opening of a medium box body, selecting a medium, calculating the pressure value of the selected medium on the outer surface of the shield segment according to the embedding depth of the shield segment under the actual working condition, filling the selected medium in the medium box body, jacking and moving the medium box body to the test area through an external load, recording the initial reading of a pressure sensor at the bottom of the medium box body at the moment, and continuously jacking and extruding the external load to increase the pressure reading to the pressure value so as to achieve the actual working condition; the method greatly simplifies the preparation process of the defect model, keeps good consistency with the actual working conditions, has high adaptability of the prepared model, can simulate the working conditions under different conditions, has flexible subsequent research means and methods, and has good academic research application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of detection and exploration of tunnel engineering components, in particular to a model manufacturing method for simulating shield segment wall post-grouting defects.
Background
With the continuous development of economic society, the total amount of travel demands of people is continuously increased, and the transportation efficiency and the total amount are greatly improved due to the good utilization of space by the underground and tunnel pipeline transportation system. In the aspect of tunnel construction, the tunnel is constructed by adopting a shield method, and the method has the advantages of convenience and quickness in construction, low manufacturing cost, small influence on the ground and the like. The shield segment is an important workpiece for shield construction, and the quality of the shield segment is directly related to the overall quality and safety of the tunnel because the segment mainly bears the pressure of a resistant soil layer, the underground water pressure and the like.
The tunnel shield segment is closely attached to surrounding media and is very important to the stability of a tunnel structure, wherein a tunnel cavity is a serious disease. The voids are filled with a mixture of mud and water due to the flow of sand in the surrounding rock and the uneven distribution of groundwater. The engineering evaluation of the shield segment quality mainly adopts methods such as experience estimation, FEM simulation, field test and the like, but the experience estimation and the FEM simulation cannot be highly matched with the actual situation aiming at various different complex working conditions, and the field test has limited research objects and depth due to factors such as complex operation, inconvenient process and the like; therefore, many scholars provide a model test method, establish an accurate disease structure model by detecting the position, size, shape and property of the disease behind the segment wall, simplify the working condition and reduce the model of the actual engineering as far as possible to carry out deeper research and analysis on the shield segment, which is an important part of disease damage degree evaluation and safety comprehensive evaluation and provides theoretical and experimental basis for tunnel repair and reinforcement measures so as to form an effective model test scheme.
The model test of the shield segment wall post-grouting defect is researched at the present stage, a segment model is placed on a support, soil and sand are stacked above the segment to simulate the soil layer settlement around the tunnel, in the actual test process, the soil or sand needs to be piled up high to simulate the defect under different pressure conditions, and the test safety cannot be guaranteed and the replacement is inconvenient. When simulating the muddy water mixture defect, place the open box in bottom in the section of jurisdiction top and to wherein add muddy water mixture, but the unable complete laminating section of jurisdiction camber of box in the actual detection, the seepage condition is obvious, influences test work. In addition, the test personnel need be in section of jurisdiction below operation, and the space is narrow and small, wastes time and energy.
Therefore, in order to perform a model test more conveniently and improve the data reliability, a simpler model for simulating the shield segment wall post-grouting defect becomes very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a model manufacturing method for simulating the shield segment wall post-grouting defect, aiming at solving the problem of complex field investigation analysis and test operation of the shield segment.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a model manufacturing method for simulating the shield segment wall post-grouting defect, which comprises the following steps:
s1, reasonably setting a support installation scheme based on the geometric characteristics of the shield segment, and estimating support installation intervals according to the shield segment span, wherein the support consists of a base plate and support columns, the base plate is regularly provided with bolt installation holes and is fastened to the ground through buried bolts, so that the system is prevented from toppling or skewing in the subsequent operation process; the supporting columns are of hollow cylindrical structures with adjustable heights, the supporting heights are adjusted according to research situations, the lower ends of the supporting columns are fixedly connected with the base of the bottom plate through positioning bolts, and the upper end faces of the supporting columns are provided with fit ends which fit with the shapes of the shield segments, so that the shield segments are guaranteed to be in good contact with the supports, and the supporting stability is improved;
s2, reversing the shield segment, erecting the shield segment on a support in a horizontal mode, and defining a test target area, wherein the inner side of the shield segment faces upwards, the outer side of the shield segment faces downwards and is in contact with the support, after the shield segment is stably erected from the ground, adjusting the height of a support column to a required position, defining the test target area on the outer side surface of the shield segment, and extracting geometric characteristic parameters of the test target area; after the height of the support columns is adjusted, the distance between the lower surface of the middle part of the shield segment and the ground is 500-1000 mm;
s3, preparing a medium box body according to the size of the test target area, and manufacturing a rubber matching layer according to the geometric characteristics of an opening of the medium box body, wherein the medium box body is in a regular prism shape and is made of a light composite material, and the bottom of the medium box body is provided with an erection groove, so that the stable jacking operation can be realized by conveniently transferring force by external load; a pressure sensor is arranged in the erection groove and used for recording the magnitude of external load transmission pressure; the rubber matching layer is arranged at the top of the medium box body, a connecting iron sheet is arranged on the inner side of the rubber matching layer, and the rubber matching layer, the medium box body and the connecting iron sheet are fixed through fastening bolts; the upper edge of the rubber matching layer is matched with the geometric characteristics of the test target area, the rubber matching layer is guaranteed to be attached to the shield segment, and the lower edge of the rubber matching layer is bonded and sealed with the medium box body and the connecting iron sheet through glue, so that the medium is prevented from leaking; the rubber matching layer is a soft material with a large stiffness coefficient, can elastically deform under the action of a large external load, has no obvious shape change under the disturbance of a small external load, and realizes a good sealing effect;
s4, selecting a medium, and calculating to obtain a standard pressure value F of the selected medium to the outer surface of the shield segment according to the embedding depth of the shield segment under the actual working conditioni；
S5, filling selected media into the media box body, inserting the media box body into the erecting groove through a forklift to drive the media box body to lift and move to the lower part of a test target area, namely a test area, and recording the initial reading F of the pressure sensor at the bottom of the media box body at the moment0(ii) a The medium is not vibrated, shaken, compacted and the like in the process of filling the medium box body, the medium is naturally accumulated and filled in the medium box body until the upper edge of the rubber matching layer does not overflow, no external prestress is applied among medium particles in an initial state, and an initial pressure value in the natural state is read by a pressure sensor in a medium box body erecting groove;
s6, continuing to lift the forklift through operation, enabling the rubber matching layer on the top of the medium box body to collide with the test target area and extrude, and enabling the indication number of the pressure sensor to be increased due to extrusion, wherein the indication number is increased to a standard pressure value FiAnd when the actual working condition is met, stopping jacking to obtain a grouting defect model.
Further, the shield segment is arranged in the middle.
Further, two fixed backs of support are look for the central point between the adjacent side of two bottom plate bases, install the flexible post on the central point perpendicular ground, the minimum length of flexible post is less than 500mm, does the central line of width direction at the shield structure section of jurisdiction surface, and when the shield structure section of jurisdiction loaded, the central line was located the extending direction of flexible post.
Further, the support column includes the lower part cabin body and the upper portion jacking body, the upper portion jacking body inlays to be established at the internal and lift removal that can lead of lower part cabin, upper portion jacking body bottom is the recess for entity, top, be provided with the jacking device in upper portion jacking body bottom and the lower part cabin body between the bottom, the jacking device passes through porous hydraulic connection valve and hydraulic pump connection.
Further, when the forklift is lifted to the highest state, the pressure value F in the extrusion state is smaller than the pressure value FiWhen the shield segment is in the extrusion state, the hydraulic pump is operated to reduce the pressure of the jacking device, and the shield segment is descended to increase the pressure value F of the extrusion state until the pressure value F is more than or equal to the pressure value Fi。
Further, when the forklift is lifted to the highest state, the pressure value F in the extrusion state is smaller than the pressure value FiAnd in the process, a jacking device is arranged at the bottom of the forklift, and the forklift is jacked by the jacking device to improve extrusion force.
Further, the minimum distance between the top of the rubber matching layer and the top of the media cabinet is at least 10 mm.
Further, the projection area of the test area on the ground is not more than the projection area of the top of the rubber matching layer on the ground, the width of the rubber matching layer is larger than the width of the shield segment, a clearance is formed between the rubber matching layer and the side edge of the shield segment, and in the S6 preparation process, the extruded overflowing medium is discharged through the clearance.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the structure provides a good scientific research model for detecting the shield segment wall post-grouting defect and researching the theory, and provides a thought for the scientific research of the underground tunnel engineering; the method can effectively simulate the condition that the medium is not limited to soil, sand and water seepage defects behind the shield segment wall;
secondly, in the process of system component, the height range of the lower surface of the middle part of the shield segment from the ground is ensured to be 500-1000 mm, on one hand, the convenience of alternating operation of the inner side and the outer side of the shield segment can be realized, and simultaneously, the requirement that equipment applying external load has enough space to carry out jacking and extruding operation is met; on the other hand, the height of the medium box body can be limited below the range, the volume of the medium box body is reduced, and the medium box body is cast by adopting a light composite material, so that the quality of the medium box body is greatly reduced, the flexibility and the portability are improved, and the medium is more convenient to replace;
thirdly, a rubber matching layer adaptive to geometric characteristic parameters of the shield segment is assembled on the top of the medium box body and is made of a soft material with a large stiffness coefficient, elastic deformation can occur under the action of a large external load, no obvious shape change exists under the disturbance of a small external load, the stability and the safety of the system are enhanced, and meanwhile, a good sealing effect is realized;
fourthly, the lowest part of the rubber matching layer exceeds the top of the medium box body by at least 10mm, the material in the medium box body is compacted through the self deformation and the outward inclination of the rubber matching layer, the medium is in close contact with the shield segment, and the sealing effect and the later test accuracy are improved;
fifthly, the support adopts a height-adjustable design, so that the adaptability and the flexibility of the system are enhanced, and the shield segment erection height can be adjusted according to the requirements of scientific researchers;
and sixthly, the bottom of the medium box body is provided with a pressure sensor to finish measurement and acquisition of transmission force data in jacking and extruding operation, and a scientific, effective and visual method is provided for evaluating the wall thickness grouting defect of the shield segment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the stent structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a partial construction of the media case of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the model structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a model for simulating a shield segment wall post-grouting defect according to the present invention includes the following steps:
firstly, reasonably setting two support installation schemes based on the geometric characteristics of a shield segment 1, estimating the installation interval of two supports 2 according to the shield segment span, wherein the two supports are symmetrically arranged, as shown in figure 2, each support consists of a base plate 3 and support columns 4, the base plate is regularly provided with bolt installation holes 5 and is fastened to the ground through buried bolts, and the system is prevented from toppling or skewing in the subsequent operation process; the support column is height-adjustable's hollow circular cylinder structure, adjusts support height according to the live regulation of research, and the support column lower extreme passes through the positioning bolt fastening with the bottom plate base and links to each other, and wherein the support column bottom is provided with bolt hole 6, and the up end is provided with the end of agreeing with that agrees with shield section of jurisdiction appearance, guarantees shield section of jurisdiction and support good contact, promotes support stability.
Then, the shield segment is reversed, the inner side of the shield segment is upward, the outer side of the shield segment is downward and is hoisted on the two supports, the shield segment is erected above the two supports according to the symmetry principle, namely the shield segment is arranged in the middle, after the shield segment is stably erected off the ground, the height of the support column is adjusted to a required position, the shield segment can be placed after being adjusted in place in advance, a test target area is defined on the outer side surface of the shield segment, and geometric characteristic parameters of the test target area are extracted; after the height of the support column is adjusted, the distance between the lower surface of the middle part of the shield segment and the ground is 500-1000 mm, so that the convenient operation of a follow-up forklift is met, the safety coefficient of the installation structure with the height is high, and the shield segment is not prone to toppling.
Then preparing a medium box body 7 according to the size of a test target area, then preparing a rubber matching layer 8 according to the geometric characteristics of an opening of the medium box body, wherein the rubber matching layer is prepared by cutting a laminated segment and comparing the sizes of the medium box body, as shown in figure 3, the medium box body is in a regular prism shape and is prepared from a light composite material, and the bottom of the medium box body is provided with an erection groove 9, so that a forklift can conveniently transfer force to realize stable jacking operation, the position is centered and stable, and the transportation is convenient; a pressure sensor is arranged in the erection groove and used for recording the magnitude of external load transmission pressure; the rubber matching layer is arranged at the top of the medium box body, the connecting iron sheet 10 is arranged on the inner side of the rubber matching layer, the medium box body and the connecting iron sheet are fixed through the fastening bolt 11, the connecting iron sheet meets the effect of uniformly extruding the rubber matching layer, and the rubber matching layer is firm and reliable after being arranged; the upper edge of the rubber matching layer is matched with the geometric characteristics of a test target area, so that the rubber matching layer is ensured to be attached to the shield segment, and the lower edge of the rubber matching layer is bonded and sealed with the medium box body and the connecting iron sheet through glue, so that the flowing medium is prevented from leaking at the position; the rubber matching layer is a soft material with a large stiffness coefficient, can elastically deform under the action of a large external load, has no obvious shape change under the disturbance of a small external load, and realizes a good sealing effect; minimum distance between rubber matching layer top and the medium box top is 10mm at least, guarantees through rubber matching layer self deformation and camber that medium box interior material is compacted, and medium and shield structure section of jurisdiction in close contact with improve sealed effect and later stage experiment precision.
Selecting a medium for simulation, selecting soil in the embodiment, and calculating the standard pressure value F of the selected soil on the outer surface of the shield segment according to the embedding depth of the shield segment under the actual working conditioni(ii) a Fill earth in the medium box, do not vibrate in the in-process of filling the medium box and shake even and compaction etc. operation, keep the medium to pile up naturally and fill up the medium box and do not spill over to rubber matching layer top edge department, guarantee that there is not external prestressing force that exerts among the medium particles under the initial condition, insert the jacking of driving medium box in the overhead tank through fork truck 12 and move to test target area below, test area promptly, record this moment medium box bottom pressure sensor initial reading F0I.e. the initial pressure value in the natural state;
continuing to jacking through operating the forklift, enabling the rubber matching layer at the top of the medium box body to be abutted and extruded with the test target area, enabling the reading of the pressure sensor to be increased due to extrusion, and increasing the reading to a standard pressure value FiAnd when the actual working condition is met, stopping jacking to obtain a grouting defect model, and performing subsequent experimental research and simulation calculation by referring to fig. 4.
After the research is finished, the forklift can be unloaded to replace the medium in the medium box body, and the operation is repeated, so that the effect of quickly replacing the medium research is achieved;
in an embodiment, in order to hoist shield segment in quick location, after two supports are fixed, look for the central point between the adjacent side of two bottom plate bases, install the flexible post on perpendicular ground on the central point, the minimum length of flexible post is less than 500mm, do the central line of width direction at shield segment surface, when the shield segment loads, judge that the central line is located the extending direction of flexible post, when flexible post directional central line, represent shield segment symmetry and set up between two parties, judge simply, the simple operation.
In an embodiment, specifically, the support column includes lower cabin body 13 and upper portion jacking body 14, and upper portion jacking body inlays to be established in lower cabin body and can lead the lift removal, and upper portion jacking body bottom is the entity, and the top is the recess, is provided with jacking device between the bottom in upper portion jacking body bottom and the lower cabin body, and jacking device passes through porous hydraulic connection valve and hydraulic pump connection, and the hydraulic pump can be with the even two jacking devices of offering of fluid, and the jacking is stable synchronous.
When the forklift is lifted to the highest state, but the pressure value F in the extrusion state is less than the pressure value FiWhen the shield segment is in the extrusion state, the hydraulic pump is operated to reduce the pressure of the jacking device, and the shield segment is lowered to increase the pressure value F in the extrusion state until the pressure value F is equal to the pressure value FiThen the method is finished; when the shield segment descends, the pressure value F in the extrusion state is up to the pressure value F which is larger than the pressure value FiAnd the forklift can be adjusted to descend, so that the efficiency is high, and the forklift is convenient and reliable.
In one embodiment, when the forklift is lifted to the highest state, the pressure value F in the extrusion state is smaller than the pressure value FiDuring the process, a jacking device is installed at the bottom of the forklift, the forklift is jacked by the jacking device to improve extrusion force, and the adjustment is stable.
In an embodiment, the projection region on ground of test region is not more than the projection region on ground at rubber matching layer top, and rubber matching layer width is greater than the shield and constructs the section of jurisdiction width, forms the vacation clearance between rubber matching layer and the shield and constructs the section of jurisdiction side, and the medium that the extrusion spills over is discharged through vacation clearance, and here is suitable for the experiment of media such as earth, grit, in extrusion process, can also protect the medium box not damaged when realizing effective pressure boost.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A model manufacturing method for simulating shield segment wall post-grouting defects is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, reasonably setting a support mounting scheme based on the geometric characteristics of the shield segment, and estimating the support mounting interval according to the shield segment span, wherein the support consists of a bottom plate base and support columns, and the bottom plate base is regularly provided with bolt mounting holes and fastened to the ground through buried bolts; the supporting column is of a hollow cylindrical structure with adjustable height, the supporting height is adjusted according to the research situation, the lower end of the supporting column is fixedly connected with the base plate through a positioning bolt, and the upper end face of the supporting column is provided with a fitting end which is fitted with the shape of the shield segment;
s2, reversing the shield segment, erecting the shield segment on a support in a horizontal mode, and defining a test target area, wherein the inner side of the shield segment faces upwards, the outer side of the shield segment faces downwards and is in contact with the support, after the shield segment is stably erected from the ground, adjusting the height of a support column to a required position, defining the test target area on the outer side surface of the shield segment, and extracting geometric characteristic parameters of the test target area; after the height of the support columns is adjusted, the distance between the lower surface of the middle part of the shield segment and the ground is 500-1000 mm;
s3, preparing a medium box body according to the size of the test target area, and manufacturing a rubber matching layer according to the geometric characteristics of an opening of the medium box body, wherein the medium box body is in a regular prism shape and is made of a light composite material, and the bottom of the medium box body is provided with an erection groove; a pressure sensor is arranged in the erection groove and used for recording the magnitude of external load transmission pressure; the rubber matching layer is arranged at the top of the medium box body, a connecting iron sheet is arranged on the inner side of the rubber matching layer, and the rubber matching layer, the medium box body and the connecting iron sheet are fixed through fastening bolts; the upper edge of the rubber matching layer is matched with the geometric characteristics of the test target area, and the lower edge of the rubber matching layer is bonded and sealed with the medium box body and the connecting iron sheet through glue;
s4, selecting a medium, and calculating to obtain a standard pressure value F of the selected medium to the outer surface of the shield segment according to the embedding depth of the shield segment under the actual working conditioni；
S5, filling selected media into the media box body, inserting the media box body into the erecting groove through a forklift to drive the media box body to lift and move to the lower part of a test target area, namely a test area, and recording the initial reading F of the pressure sensor at the bottom of the media box body at the moment0(ii) a The medium is not vibrated, shaken and compacted in the process of being filled into the medium box body, the medium is naturally accumulated and filled into the medium box body until the upper edge of the rubber matching layer does not overflow, no external prestress is applied among medium particles in an initial state, and an initial pressure value in the natural state is read by a pressure sensor in a medium box body erecting groove;
s6, continuing to lift the forklift through operation, enabling the rubber matching layer on the top of the medium box body to collide with the test target area and extrude, and enabling the indication number of the pressure sensor to be increased due to extrusion, wherein the indication number is increased to a standard pressure value FiAnd when the actual working condition is met, stopping jacking to obtain a grouting defect model.
2. The method of modeling for simulating a shield segment backfill grouting defect of claim 1, wherein the shield segment is centered.
3. The method for modeling a shield segment wall post-grouting defect of claim 2, wherein after the two supports are fixed, a central point is found between the adjacent sides of the two base plates, a telescopic column perpendicular to the ground is installed at the central point, the minimum length of the telescopic column is less than 500mm, a center line in the width direction is made on the outer surface of the shield segment, and the center line is located in the extending direction of the telescopic column when the shield segment is loaded.
4. The method for modeling shield segment backfill grouting defects according to claim 1, wherein the support column includes a lower chamber and an upper jacking body, the upper jacking body is embedded in the lower chamber and can be guided to move up and down, the bottom of the upper jacking body is solid, the top of the upper jacking body is a groove, a jacking device is arranged between the bottom of the upper jacking body and the bottom of the lower chamber, and the jacking device is connected with a hydraulic pump through a porous hydraulic connection valve.
5. The method for modeling shield segment wall post-grouting defects according to claim 4, wherein when the forklift is lifted to the highest state, but the pressure value F in the extrusion state is less than the pressure value FiWhen the shield segment is in the extrusion state, the hydraulic pump is operated to reduce the pressure of the jacking device, and the shield segment is descended to increase the pressure value F of the extrusion state until the pressure value F is more than or equal to the pressure value Fi。
6. The method for modeling shield segment wall post-grouting defects according to claim 1, wherein when the forklift is lifted to the highest state, but the pressure value F in the extrusion state is less than the pressure value FiAnd in the process, a jacking device is arranged at the bottom of the forklift, and the forklift is jacked by the jacking device to improve extrusion force.
7. The method of modeling shield segment backfill grouting defects according to claim 1, wherein the minimum distance between the top of the rubber matching layer and the top of the media box is at least 10 mm.
8. The model making method for simulating shield segment wall postgrouting defects according to claim 1, wherein the projection area of the test area on the ground does not exceed the projection area of the top of the rubber matching layer on the ground, the width of the rubber matching layer is larger than that of the shield segment, a clearance gap is formed between the rubber matching layer and the side edge of the shield segment, and extruded overflowing medium is discharged through the clearance gap in the S6 preparation process.
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| CN209821195U (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-12-20 | 西南交通大学 | Visual shield tunnel construction slip casting effect detection test device |
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| CN112302683A (en) | 2021-02-02 |
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