CN112299972B - 一种高纯度盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体而言,涉及一种高纯度盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体的制备方法。
背景技术
盐酸艾司氯胺酮(Esketamine hydrochloride),化学名为(2S)-2-(2-氯苯基)-2-(甲氨基)环己酮盐酸盐;1997年最先在德国上市,可单独或联合其他麻醉剂,用于全身麻醉的诱导和维持;急诊时用于麻醉和缓解疼痛;辅助用于局部或区域麻醉。
盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体,化学名为邻氯苯基环戊基酮,是合成盐酸艾司氯胺酮重要中间体,目前合成方法主要有两种:
(1)以邻氯苯甲酰氯为原料,以无水三氯化铝作为催化剂、环己烷与二氯乙烷(一类溶剂)作为溶剂、戊烷和苯(一类溶剂)作为基团转换剂,与环戊烯发生加成反应,然后经蒸馏提纯而得到邻氯苯基环戊基酮,收率81.62%(参考文献:张丽娟.中国药物化学杂志,1995,4(1)47);
(2)环戊烷基溴化镁格氏试剂与邻氯苯腈发生加成反应三天,然后加入氯化铵进行水解,得到邻氯苯基环戊基酮,收率68%。(参考文献:1.US 3254124;2.Drug Metabolismand Dispositon,2013,vol 41,#6,P 1264-1272)。
在上述的合成方法(1)中产物中实际含有较多的(2-氯苯基)-1-环戊烯-1-基甲酮,所述的收率81.62%包含了很多的(2-氯苯基)-1-环戊烯-1-基甲酮;合成方法(2)反应时间长,收率不高;而且,上述两种合成方法均使用一类有机溶剂,毒性较大。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本发明提供了一种高纯度盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体的制备方法,不仅高收率、高纯度制备盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体,而且反应条件温和、反应时间短,克服了现有技术中存在的不足。
具体地说,在本发明的实施方案中,本发明提供了一种盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
环戊甲酰氯与式(II)化合物进行格氏反应,得到盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体;
这里,式(II)化合物中X为氯或溴。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体即邻氯苯基环戊基酮:
在本发明的实施方案中,所述盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体的制备方法还包括环戊甲酰氯的制备,所述环戊甲酰氯的制备为:
环戊酸与酰氯化试剂进行酰氯化反应,得到环戊甲酰氯;
在本发明的实施方案中,所述盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体的制备方法还包括式(II)化合物的制备,所述式(II)化合物的制备为:
邻氯溴苯与格氏试剂进行金属化反应,得到式(II)化合物;
这里,式(II)化合物中X为氯或溴。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,本发明提供了一种盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)环戊酸与酰氯化试剂进行酰氯化反应,得到环戊甲酰氯;
(2)邻氯溴苯与格氏试剂进行金属化反应,得到式(II)化合物;
(3)环戊甲酰氯与式(II)化合物进行格氏反应,得到盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体;
这里,式(II)化合物中X为氯或溴。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,所述步骤(1)的酰氯化反应和所述步骤(2)的金属化反应可以同时进行,或者,顺序可以是:步骤(1)为金属化反应,得到式(II)化合物,而步骤(2)为酰氯化反应,得到环戊甲酰氯。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述格氏反应或金属化反应是在惰性气体例如氮气或氩气保护下进行的。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,在所述格氏反应结束后,经过蒸馏得到盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述环戊甲酰氯的制备为:将环戊酸和酰氯化试剂,任选地在非质子性溶剂体系中,进行酰氯化反应,反应完毕后,转移浓缩去除过量酰氯化试剂得到环戊甲酰氯。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述式(II)化合物的制备为:在惰性气体例如氮气或氩气保护下,邻氯溴苯与格氏试剂在醚类有机溶剂中进行金属化反应,反应完毕后,得到式(II)化合物溶液,备用。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述格氏反应具体操作为:在惰性气体例如氮气或氩气保护下,将环戊甲酰氯加入所述式(II)化合物溶液内,反应完毕后,加入稀盐酸淬灭,分液保留有机相,以氯化钠水溶液(例如13重量%氯化钠水溶液)洗涤,经浓缩去除溶剂,再蒸馏得到盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述酰氯化试剂选自氯化亚砜、草酰氯、三氯氧磷,三氯化磷和五氯化磷中的一种或多种,优选地,为氯化亚砜。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述醚类有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃和乙醚中的一种或两种,优选地,为四氢呋喃。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述的非质子性溶剂选自氯化亚砜、二氯甲烷、甲苯、四氢呋喃、异丙醚、甲叔醚、庚烷和己烷中的一种或多种。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述格氏试剂选自异丙基氯化镁氯化锂、异丙基氯化镁、异丙基溴化镁和乙基溴化镁中一种或多种,优选地,为异丙基氯化镁氯化锂。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述酰氯化反应中所述的酰氯化试剂与环戊酸的摩尔比为(1~4):1,更优选为(1~1.5):1。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述金属化反应中所述格氏试剂与邻氯溴苯的摩尔比为(1~2):1,更优选为(1.1~1.4):1。
在本发明的实施方案中,所述格氏反应中所述环戊甲酰氯与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为(1~2):1,更优选为(1.1~1.4):1。
本发明提供了一种高纯度的盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体的制备方法:本发明的制备方法条件温和、安全性高、重复性好,产物收率高,纯度高,可用于盐酸艾司氯胺酮的制备。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述,并且,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见,或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明技术方案的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本发明的技术方案,并不构成对本发明技术方案的限制。
图1本发明实施例5的盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体HPLC谱图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下文中将对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体(邻氯苯基环戊基酮)的检测方法:HPLC
有关物质检查方法:HPLC法
色谱柱:以十八烷基键合硅胶为填充剂(Waters Sunfire C18,4.6×150mm,5μm或等同色谱柱)
检测波长:220nm
柱温:30℃
流速:1.0ml/min
流动相A:取庚烷磺酸钠1.0g、磷酸二氢钾:1.36g,加1000ml水,用1M氢氧化钾调节pH至5.00
流动相B:乙腈
按下表进行梯度洗脱:
表1:梯度洗脱程序
供试品溶液:取本品适量,精密称定,加入乙腈稀释制成每1ml含1.0mg的溶液,作为供试品溶液有关物质。
实施例1——环戊甲酰氯的制备
262.7g氯化亚砜加入反应瓶内,搅拌,升温到40~50℃下滴加210g环戊酸,滴加完毕后,保温40~50℃下反应2小时。后处理减压浓缩除去过量的氯化亚砜,得237.5g环戊甲酰氯,收率97.4%。
实施例2——邻氯苯基氯化镁的制备
氮气保护下,反应瓶内加入1306ml异丙基氯化镁氯化锂的浓度为1.3mol/L的四氢呋喃溶液,搅拌,降温至0~10℃,滴加250g邻氯溴苯,滴加完毕后,保温0~10℃下反应4小时,备用。
实施例3——邻氯苯基环戊基酮的制备
氮气保护下,搅拌,将实施例2中的反应液降温至-10~0℃,滴加实施例1中的环戊甲酰氯225.1g,滴加完毕后,保温-10~0℃下反应2小时,后处理滴加2mol/L稀盐酸450ml,分去下层,上层有机层用13%氯化钠水溶液洗涤,再用10%氢氧化钠洗涤,饱和氯化钠洗涤,减压浓缩除去低沸点溶剂,再通过蒸馏得到邻氯苯基环戊基酮208g,收率76.3%,纯度98.0%。
实施例4——环戊甲酰氯的制备
262.7g氯化亚砜加入反应瓶内,搅拌,升温到40~50℃下滴加210g环戊酸,滴加完毕后,保温40~50℃下反应2小时。后处理40℃以下减压浓缩除去过量的氯化亚砜,再加入410ml二氯甲烷继续浓缩至干,得228.1g环戊甲酰氯,收率93.5%。
实施例5——邻氯苯基环戊基酮的制备
氮气保护下,搅拌,将实施例2中的反应液降温至-10~0℃,滴加实施例4中的环戊甲酰氯225.1g,滴加完毕后,保温-10~0℃下反应2小时,后处理滴加2mol/L稀盐酸450ml,分去下层,上层有机层用13%氯化钠水溶液洗涤,再用10%氢氧化钠洗涤,饱和氯化钠洗涤,减压浓缩除去低沸点溶剂,再通过蒸馏得到邻氯苯基环戊基酮240.6g,收率88.3%,纯度99.57%(见图1)。
图1的HPLC数据如下:
RT(min) | 峰面积 | %峰面积 | 峰宽(sec) | 峰高 | |
1 | 2.291 | 1810 | 0.004 | 18.400 | 296 |
2 | 2.784 | 646 | 0.001 | 15.200 | 112 |
3 | 3.110 | 2351 | 0.005 | 26.800 | 187 |
4 | 4.077 | 1089 | 0.002 | 31.200 | 97 |
5 | 5.124 | 18353 | 0.041 | 40.000 | 1841 |
6 | 6.589 | 1639 | 0.004 | 27.600 | 136 |
7 | 9.793 | 2609 | 0.006 | 31.200 | 172 |
8 | 11.834 | 32141 | 0.072 | 59.600 | 1491 |
9 | 18.879 | 3027 | 0.007 | 37.600 | 141 |
10 | 22.429 | 79483 | 0.179 | 93.600 | 2045 |
11 | 34.641 | 44294377 | 99.569 | 221.600 | 721855 |
12 | 44.426 | 48713 | 0.110 | 127.600 | 725 |
合计 | 44486238 | 100.000 |
虽然本申请所揭露的实施方式如上,但所述的内容仅为便于理解本申请而采用的实施方式,并非用以限定本申请。任何本申请所属领域内的技术人员,在不脱离本申请所揭露的精神和范围的前提下,可以在实施的形式及细节上进行任何的修改与变化,但本申请的专利保护范围,仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
环戊甲酰氯与式(II)化合物进行格氏反应,得到盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体;
这里,式(II)化合物中X为氯;其中,所述格式反应中,先将所述式(II)化合物溶于有机溶剂中,再滴加所述环戊甲酰氯进行反应;所述格氏反应的操作为:在惰性气体保护下,将环戊甲酰氯滴加入所述式(II)化合物溶液内,反应完毕后,加入稀盐酸淬灭,分液保留有机相,以食盐水洗涤,经浓缩去除溶剂,再蒸馏得到盐酸艾司氯胺酮酮体;所述格氏反应中所述环戊甲酰氯与式(II)化合物的摩尔比为(1.1~1.4):1;
其中,邻氯溴苯与格氏试剂进行金属化反应,得到所述式(II)化合物;
其中,所述金属化反应中所述格氏试剂与邻氯溴苯的摩尔比为(1.1~1.4):1;所述金属化反应中,反应温度为0~10℃;所述格氏试剂为异丙基氯化镁氯化锂;
其中,所述制备方法还包括环戊甲酰氯的制备,所述环戊甲酰氯的制备为:
环戊酸与酰氯化试剂在非质子性溶剂体系中进行酰氯化反应,反应完毕后,转移浓缩去除过量酰氯化试剂,再加入二氯甲烷继续浓缩至干,得到环戊甲酰氯;所述酰氯化试剂为氯化亚砜;所述酰氯化反应中所述的酰氯化试剂与环戊酸的摩尔比为(1~1.5):1;
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其中,所述式(II)化合物的制备为:在惰性气体保护下,邻氯溴苯与格氏试剂在醚类有机溶剂中进行金属化反应,反应完毕后,得到式(II)化合物溶液,备用。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,所述醚类有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃和乙醚中的一种或两种。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其中,所述醚类有机溶剂为四氢呋喃。
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