CN112299887A - Device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking harmless superconducting garbage with mixed heat source - Google Patents
Device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking harmless superconducting garbage with mixed heat source Download PDFInfo
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- CN112299887A CN112299887A CN202011153056.2A CN202011153056A CN112299887A CN 112299887 A CN112299887 A CN 112299887A CN 202011153056 A CN202011153056 A CN 202011153056A CN 112299887 A CN112299887 A CN 112299887A
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- garbage
- horizontal roller
- gas
- cracking
- rotating shaft
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 142
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/005—Rotary drum or kiln gasifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0986—Catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking innocent superconductive garbage with mixed heat source is composed of garbage cracker, electric heater, gas heating system, power unit, pipeline converter, afterheat recovering unit and automatic electric control system, and features that said garbage cracker is a garbage cracking drum able to rotate 360 deg. on the roller and drum, several radiating plates for stirring garbage are welded to the inner surface of said drum, several parallel superconductive heat-transfer tubes and several parallel electric heating tubes are welded to the wall of said drum, and the electric heat and cracked gas are complementary to provide heat source for cracking garbage to convert it from solid to gas and obtain carbon fertilizer, so reducing and making it harmless, the resource treatment is realized, no pollution and no dioxin emission are realized, and a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources and land resources are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage recycling harmless treatment, in particular to a device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking harmless superconducting garbage with a mixed heat source.
Background
The carbon element is the first 6 elements necessary for the growth of crops, accounts for 58 percent of the organic matter mass of the crops, is the most basic substance of soil fertility, is an important skeleton of high-quality soil, and is not good for the growth of crops, and 90 percent of the carbon element is caused by carbon-deficient fertilizer. Inorganic chemical fertilizers are applied to crops in China in a large amount for more than forty years, the farmland is subjected to large-area chemical treatment, organic carbon in soil is almost exhausted, the quality of cultivated land is deteriorated, the yield of crops is reduced, and soil crises and agricultural crises have made public alarms for grain safety, food safety and national economic sustainable development.
The traditional incinerator is adopted to burn garbage to obtain carbon fertilizer, which causes serious pollution to the environment, and the incinerator discharges a large amount of smoke dust, harmful particulate matters, acid gas, unburned waste, heavy metals, a large amount of carbon dioxide and carcinogenic dioxin. At present, 700 large-scale waste incineration plants which operate in a centralized manner in China invest a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources and land, organic waste of the waste which is scattered in units such as communities, rural areas, factories, hospitals, railways, scenic spots, catering industry, large-scale farms and the like is collected, transported, treated and compressed, and finally the waste is sent to the waste incineration plants to be incinerated, so that the consumed financial resources almost account for more than 60% of the waste treatment cost, and carbon fertilizers cannot be obtained. Crop straws, waste branches of fruit trees and the like contain rich carbon, and the organic matters in soil can be increased by crushing the carbon and returning the carbon to the field, so that the crop yield is improved, but the returning of the carbon to the field is a major cause of haze and is prohibited by governments. How to change a large amount of agricultural and sideline product waste organic matters and household garbage dispersed in cities and towns and rural areas from the source into carbon fertilizer which is extremely deficient for crops according to the requirement of reduction, reclamation and harmlessness and with lower cost becomes the concern of all levels of governments and scientific research institutions at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking garbage with a mixed heat source in a harmless manner, which combines combustible gas generated by cracking the garbage and auxiliary electric power to prepare carbon fertilizer energy by cracking the garbage, prepares the carbon fertilizer by harmlessly treating waste organic matters of the garbage at low cost and without leaving the household, and can produce 200 kg of the carbon fertilizer by using oil generated by cracking each ton of the garbage so as to meet the urgent need of agricultural production. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking harmless garbage with mixed heat sources comprises a garbage cracker, an electric heater, a gas heating system, a power device, a pipeline converter, a waste heat recoverer and an electric automatic control system, the garbage cracking device is characterized in that the garbage cracker is a metal horizontal roller which is placed on two rollers of a support and placed on a roller sleeve through a hollow rotating shaft and can crack garbage in a 360-degree rotating mode, a plurality of heat dissipation shifting plates capable of dissipating heat and shifting the garbage are welded on the inner wall surface of the horizontal roller, a plurality of united superconductive heat transfer pipes parallel to the horizontal roller are welded on the periphery of the wall of the horizontal roller, a plurality of electric heating pipes which are parallel to each other and tightly contacted with the outer wall of the horizontal roller are installed between the united superconductive heat transfer pipes, a sealing flange plate cover is installed on a feed port on the left side of the horizontal roller, and the sealing flange plate cover is closed and the inner surface. The right side of the sealing flange plate cover is provided with a catalyst sleeve, the right side of the catalyst sleeve is provided with a rolling belt of a horizontal roller, the rolling belt is placed on two rollers on the support and rolls along with the horizontal roller, the axial movement of the horizontal roller can be avoided, a fixed heat insulation layer is arranged around the horizontal roller, a heat flue is arranged between the heat insulation layer and the horizontal roller, the upper side of the heat flue is provided with a heat flue air outlet hole, and the heat flue air outlet hole is connected and communicated with an air inlet of a waste heat recoverer. The right side of the horizontal roller is a hollow rotating shaft which is welded together with the horizontal roller and is positioned in a coaxial line and can be communicated with gas, the hollow rotating shaft is placed in a roller sleeve on a support, a conductive sliding ring is fixed on the hollow rotating shaft on the left side of the roller sleeve, a belt pulley is arranged on the hollow rotating shaft on the right side of the roller sleeve, the belt pulley is matched with an output belt pulley of a power device motor through a belt, the motor is connected with and controlled by an electric automatic controller, the motor rotates to drive the horizontal roller of a garbage cracker to rotate through the belt and the hollow rotating shaft, and a heat dissipation shifting plate shifts garbage in the horizontal roller to turn, so that the garbage in the horizontal. The air inlet of the hollow rotating shaft extends into the horizontal roller and is 20cm away from the sealing cover of the flange plate, and the poking piece is welded on the air inlet of the hollow rotating shaft so as to prevent garbage from blocking the air inlet. The gas outlet is connected and communicated with the pipeline converter, and combustible gas generated by cracking of solid wastes in the horizontal roller enters the pipeline converter through the hollow rotating shaft and the gas outlet. A metal poking rod is arranged on the central line between the tube channel converter and the hollow rotating shaft. The harmonica type burner of the heat supply system is arranged between the lower edge of the horizontal roller and the fixed heat-insulating layer, the heat supply system consists of the harmonica type burner, a gas mixing valve, a gas transmission pipeline connected with the gas mixing valve, a flame arrester, a centrifugal fan, a gas storage tank, a gas regulating valve and a condenser, combustible gas generated by cracking garbage of the horizontal roller enters the gas mixing valve through the condenser, the gas regulating valve, the centrifugal fan, the flame arrester and the gas storage tank which are sequentially connected with each other through the gas transmission pipeline, the combustible gas and hot air preheated by the waste heat recoverer are combusted in the harmonica type burner, and a flame heating field heats the outer wall of the horizontal roller and a connecting pipe of a plurality of connecting and collecting type efficient superconducting heat transfer pipes to.
The horizontal roller cylinder wall welded multiple connected high-efficiency superconductive heat transfer tubes are composed of multiple parallel connected tubes arranged at equal intervals, and multiple superconductive tubes welded on the connected tubes and welded with radiating fins, all the superconductive tubes are parallel and vertically communicated with the connected tubes, liquid alloy working medium is filled in the connected tubes, the liquid alloy working medium is formed by mixing mercury with part of ultrafine powder titanium and ultrafine powder nickel, the amount of the liquid alloy working medium accounts for 22.5% of the internal volume of the connected tubes, the evaporation end of the connected high-efficiency superconductive heat transfer tubes is the connected tubes arranged outside the wall of the horizontal roller, the multiple superconductive tubes are condensation ends of the connected high-efficiency superconductive heat transfer tubes arranged in the horizontal roller, and the condensation ends are welded on the wall of the horizontal roller.
The electric heating device is characterized in that a plurality of electric heating pipes of the electric heater are uniformly fixed on the outer wall of the horizontal roller through fixing clamps and are arranged at intervals with a plurality of united high-efficiency superconductive heat transfer pipes, the plurality of electric heating pipes are connected with a conductive sliding ring arranged on a hollow rotating shaft through a high-temperature-resistant power supply lead, and the conductive sliding ring is connected with a binding post of the electric automatic controller through a conductive carbon brush. The contact rate of the electric heating tube and the outer wall of the roller is more than 95 percent, so that heat generated by the electric heating tube is absorbed by the outer wall of the horizontal roller and the plurality of united high-efficiency superconductive heat transfer tubes, and is transferred to garbage stirred by the horizontal roller through the wall of the horizontal roller, the plurality of heat dissipation plates at the condensation ends of the plurality of superconductive tubes and the heat dissipation stirring plate, and garbage cracking heat energy is provided. The output power of the electric heating tube is controlled by the electric automatic controller.
The high-temperature resistant honey jacket is arranged between the metal poking rod arranged on the central line between the pipeline converter and the hollow rotating shaft and the central hole of the right side plate of the pipeline converter, the metal poking rod can move left and right to clear the thick-state pyrolysis oil generated in the hollow rotating shaft, and the smooth outflow of gas generated by the pyrolysis of garbage in the horizontal roller is ensured.
The heating air pipeline of the hot air inlet of the gas mixing valve of the gas heating system is communicated with the air outlet of the centrifuge of the waste heat recoverer, the centrifuge is connected with the hot air outlet of the waste heat recoverer, and the waste heat recoverer preheats air entering the gas mixing valve by utilizing hot smoke coming out of the air outlet of the hot flue so as to utilize waste heat and improve the heating efficiency of the heating system. The waste heat recoverer comprises a box body, a middle partition plate and a plurality of superconductive fin heat transfer pipes, and is characterized in that the middle partition plate separates the superconductive fin heat transfer pipes into an upper box body and a lower box body in the box body, an air inlet of the waste heat recoverer of the lower box body is communicated with an air outlet of a hot flue, and a hot air outlet of the upper box body is communicated with an air regulating valve and a centrifugal machine. Waste heat flue gas coming out of the air outlet hole of the hot flue enters a waste heat recoverer through an air inlet of the waste heat recoverer and then is discharged from an air outlet, heat of the waste heat flue gas is conducted to the upper box body through a plurality of superconductive fin heat transfer tubes, and cold air entering from a cold air inlet on the left side of the upper box body is preheated and then enters the piano type combustor through a hot air outlet, an air adjusting valve, a centrifugal fan, a heat supply air pipeline and an air mixing valve.
The pipeline converter is composed of a box body, a movable plate arranged in the box body, a jacking spring arranged between the box body and the movable plate, and a sealing material arranged between the movable plate and a left side plate of the box body, wherein a circular hole is formed in the centers of the movable plate and the left side plate of the box body, a hollow rotating shaft passes through the two central holes, and the surrounding space of the hollow rotating shaft between the movable plate and the left side plate of the box body is filled with a sealing material which is made of heat-resistant graphite aluminum silicate fiber with a lubricating effect, or high-temperature ceramic wires, or carbon fiber and graphite paste and mixed according to a ratio of 7: 3, so that the combustible gas generated by cracking in the horizontal roller is prevented from gas leakage when the hollow rotating shaft rotates. The sealing material with lubricating function filled in the space around the hollow rotating shaft between the movable plate and the left side plate of the box body always keeps the compactness of the sealing material under the action of the tripod force spring so as to ensure the sealing performance of the pipeline converter. The electric heater (2) is provided with an electric heater,
the electric automatic controller consists of a box body, a panel, a PLC microprocessor arranged in the box body and a circuit connected with the garbage cracker, the electric heater, the gas heating system and the power device, the electric automatic controller starts a motor of the power device, controls the rotating speed, the forward and reverse rotation operation and the operation time of the motor, controls the rotating speed, the forward and reverse rotation operation and the operation time of the horizontal roller according to different types of solid wastes, the horizontal roller forwards rotates the garbage solid wastes to be fed into the horizontal roller from a left feed inlet of the horizontal roller, and the horizontal roller reversely rotates to lead out residues, namely carbon fertilizers after the garbage solid wastes are cracked from a left feed inlet of the horizontal roller. The electric automatic controller can set the input power of the horizontal roller according to different types of solid waste articles.
The fixed heat-insulating layer around the horizontal roller is externally wrapped with an inorganic heat-insulating material with the heat conductivity coefficient of less than 0.05W/(m.K), the heat-resisting temperature of more than 1000 ℃, such as alumina polycrystalline fiber cotton, rare earth heat-insulating mud, ceramic fiber heat-insulating cotton, or an asbestos heat-insulating layer, a graphite heat-insulating layer and the like, and the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is 15 cm-20 cm, so that the temperature on the furnace body can be prevented from diffusing outwards. The fixed insulating layer is externally provided with a protective shell of the garbage cracker.
The catalyst sleeve around the feed inlet on the right side of the sealing cover of the horizontal roller is filled with a liquid catalyst which is 95 percent of water, 3 percent of dolomite and percent of Fe2O3And (3) micro powder mixed liquor, wherein when the metal horizontal roller for cracking the garbage rotates, the liquid catalyst flows out of a plurality of small holes of the catalyst sleeve and enters the space in the metal horizontal roller for cracking the garbage to be mixed with the garbage. The water in the liquid catalyst is used for meeting the humidity requirement of the garbage in cracking gasification. Experiments show that when the temperature of a garbage cracking reaction zone in a metal horizontal roller for cracking garbage is 300-600 ℃, water vapor is used as a gasifying agent to accelerate the garbage reaction, and the garbage gas production conversion rate andthe volatile escape rate is obviously improved. The addition of the water vapor in the metal horizontal roller for cracking the garbage enables the gas yield of the materials to be greatly increased along with the rise of the temperature, the temperature rise speed of the garbage is accelerated due to the rise of the reaction temperature in the furnace, and the garbage which reacts to release the gas in the garbage layer is increased at the same time, so that the instantaneous yield of the gas is increased. And due to the addition of the water vapor, part of gas released by garbage reaction reacts with the water vapor, the gas is further decomposed to generate other small molecule gas, and part of the small molecule gas can continue to react with the water vapor, so that the whole reaction duration is prolonged and the total gas yield is increased. Under the water vapor atmosphere of 300-600 ℃, the total gas yield of the municipal solid waste, the kitchen waste and the paper scraps can be maximally close to 950L/kg, and the heat value is improved by 40 percent, because the secondary cracking of the tar and the water vapor generate reforming reaction along with the rise of the temperature, and CO and H are increased2When the content of combustible gas, especially the domestic kitchen waste is in the water vapor atmosphere of 300-600 ℃, the content of the combustible gas is increased due to the reforming reaction between the secondary cracking of the kitchen waste and water, and the water gas reaction between the residual carbon of the kitchen waste and the water vapor is facilitated at 300-600 ℃. The water can be partially decomposed into H in a cracking furnace filled with organic matters at 300-600 DEG C2And O2. The dolomite in the liquid catalyst is the catalyst, and the test shows that the dolomite is added into the garbage, when the temperature of a garbage cracking reaction area in the horizontal roller is 300-600 ℃, the dolomite is used as the catalyst to obviously improve the combustible gas H2The content of tar is reduced, and the carbon deposition on the surface of equipment is reduced. Adding Fe into dolomite2O3The powder makes the dolomite become modified dolomite, the modified dolomite has improved the dolomite catalyst activity, the experiment shows: h at 300-600 ℃ under the catalysis of modified dolomite2The volume fraction of (A) is 45.77% + -0.23%, and compared with the hydrogen-rich effect under the conditions of no catalysis and dolomite catalysis, the temperature required for gasification is reduced by 100 ℃. The modified dolomite not only promotes the carbon-carbon long chain on the hydrocarbon end chain to be broken, generates hydrogen free radicals, and further forms H2Simultaneously promote the ring-opening reaction, decarboxylation and dehydroxylation of aromatic ring, so that the tar after garbage cracking is easier to be convertedAnd is converted into small molecule gas.
The left end of the hollow rotating shaft is provided with a filter screen and a poking metal strip so as to prevent small and medium garbage in the horizontal roller from entering the hollow rotating shaft to block the release of combustible gas generated in the rotary superconducting cracking tank.
The power device consists of a motor, a belt pulley connected to the hollow rotating shaft and a high-temperature resistant transmission belt, wherein the center line of the belt pulley is superposed with the center line of the hollow rotating shaft, and the belt pulley, the hollow rotating shaft and the horizontal roller are driven to rotate by the high-temperature resistant transmission belt after the motor is electrified.
The condenser is a tubular cooler, a cold water inlet, a hot water outlet, a gas inlet and a gas outlet are arranged on the condenser, a gas chamber of the pipeline sealer is connected with the gas inlet of the condenser through a gas transmission pipeline, and the gas outlet of the condenser is connected with a gas storage tank and a centrifugal fan pumping hole through a gas outlet pipeline. The oil-water cracking oil separated out from the condenser enters the oil-water sealed tank through a cracking oil outlet pipeline.
The flame arrester is a safety device used for preventing flame from backfiring to enter the condenser to generate combustible gas flash explosion or detonation when the harmonica type burner is ignited. The fire arrester is composed of a cylinder, flanges at two ends of the cylinder, and a metal mesh filter element arranged between the two flanges. The metal mesh filter element is formed by overlapping 8-16 layers of stainless steel pore plates with the diameter of 0.23-0.315 mm or 8-16 layers of 16-22-mesh metal meshes. The net of the flame arrester is provided with a plurality of small holes which can not block the combustible gas when in work, when the combustible gas is tempered, the flame enters the flame arrester and is divided into a plurality of fine flame flows by the dense holes of the flame arrester, and the flame flows are instantly quenched due to the heat transfer function (the gas is cooled) and the wall effect, and the flame can not be backfired and connected into the water-sealed tank.
A device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking garbage harmlessly with a mixed heat source is a device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking organic matters with two complementary heat sources or a mixed heat source on site, and is a device for preparing carbon fertilizer by heating garbage in a closed state by utilizing a heat supply system to heat the wall of a closed horizontal roller, a heat dissipation shifting plate in the horizontal roller or utilizing a 360-degree rolling rapid heat collection and heat dissipation principle of a heating field of an harmonica-type burner at the lower edge of the horizontal roller, and implementing the change of garbage organic matters from a solid state to a gas state under the action of a liquid catalyst. The horizontal drum is a specially-made sealing device, organic matters in the garbage and a gasifying agent are subjected to series reaction under certain temperature, pressure, catalyst and anaerobic conditions, high-molecular hydrocarbon of the garbage is quickly crushed to separate out combustible gases such as volatile CO, H2, CH, CNHm and the like, and the combustible gases are used as a cracking heat source of the garbage cracker, and the rest substances are high-quality carbon fertilizer and cracking oil. When the garbage incinerator is started, domestic garbage, waste clothes, plastics, tires, furniture, livestock feces, crop straws, agricultural films, branches, weeds and other organic matters generated by dispersed units such as communities, rural areas, field heads, hospitals, farms, schools, scenic spots and the like are loaded into a horizontal roller, a sealing cover is closed, an electric heating pipe is electrified or a harmonica type combustor works, the garbage can be harmlessly treated into organic carbon fertilizer without leaving a home under the anaerobic condition, the garbage is reduced, waste utilization is achieved, no waste water and pollution is caused, carbon dioxide emission is avoided, dioxin is not generated, manpower, material resources, financial resources and land are saved, the living environment is improved, and two purposes are achieved at one time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking harmless garbage with mixed heat source
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a garbage cracker 2, an electric heater 3, a gas heating system 4, a power device 5, a pipeline converter 6, a waste heat recoverer 7, an electric automatic control system 8, a support 9, a roller 10, a hollow rotating shaft 11, a roller sleeve 12, a horizontal roller 13, a heat dissipation shifting plate 14, a united high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer pipe 15, an electric heating pipe 16, a power supply lead 17, a conductive sliding ring 18, a conductive carbon brush 19, a feed inlet 20, a sealing flange plate cover 21, a catalyst sleeve 22, a rolling belt 23, a fixed heat insulation layer 24, a hot flue 25, a hot flue gas outlet 26, a waste heat inlet 27, a motor 28, a belt pulley 29, a high-temperature resistant driving belt 30, an output belt pulley 31, garbage 32, an air inlet 33, a shifting plate 34, an, A metal rod 36, a harmonica type burner 37, a gas mixing valve 38, a flame retardant device 39, a high-pressure sealing centrifugal fan 40, a gas storage tank 41, a temperature sensor 42, a protective shell 43, a pyrolysis oil outlet pipeline 44, an oil-water sealing tank 45, a gas regulating valve 46, a condenser 47, a gas transmission pipeline 48, a header 49, a radiating fin 50, a superconducting pipe 51, a high-temperature resistant honey envelope 52, a heating air pipeline 53, a waste heat recoverer centrifuge 54, a hot air outlet 55, a hot air outlet 56, a box 57, a middle partition plate 58, a superconducting fin heat transfer pipe 59, a heat regulating valve 60, a cylindrical box 61, a semicircular groove plate 62, a box blind plate 63, a jacking spring 64, a microphone plate 65, a sealing material 66, a semicircular head 67, a cold water inlet 68, a hot water outlet 69, a mixed gas inlet 70, a, Combustible gas outlet 71, combustible gas outlet pipeline 72, residual gas outlet 73 and cold air inlet
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
A mixed heat source harmless garbage cracking carbon fertilizer making device is composed of seven parts of a garbage cracker 1, an electric heater 2, a gas heating system 3, a power device 4, a pipeline converter 5, a waste heat recoverer 6 and an electric automatic control system 7, and is characterized in that the garbage cracker 1 is a metal horizontal roller 12 which is placed on two rollers 9 of a bracket 8 and can crack garbage and is placed on a roller sleeve 11 through a hollow rotating shaft 10 and can rotate at 360 degrees, a plurality of radiating shifting plates 13 which can radiate and shift the garbage to move uniformly are welded on the inner wall surface of the horizontal roller, a plurality of united high-efficiency superconductive heat transfer pipes 14 which are parallel to the horizontal roller are welded on the periphery of the wall of the horizontal roller, a plurality of electric heating pipes 15 which are parallel to each other and are in close contact with the outer wall of the horizontal roller are arranged between the united high-efficiency superconductive heat transfer pipes 14, a power supply lead 16 of the electric heating pipes 15 is connected with, the conductive slip ring 17 is connected with the electric automatic controller 7 through a conductive carbon brush 18, and the output power of the electric heating pipe 15 is controlled by the electric automatic controller 7. A sealing flange cover 20 is arranged on a left feeding hole 19 of the horizontal roller 12, and the sealing flange cover 20 and the inner surface of the horizontal roller 12 of the hollow rotating shaft 10 are closed to be in a sealing state. The right side of the sealing flange plate cover 20 is provided with a catalyst sleeve 21, the right side of the catalyst sleeve 21 is provided with a rolling belt 22 of a horizontal roller, the rolling belt 22 is arranged on two symmetrical rollers 9 on a support, the rolling belt 22 rolls along with the horizontal roller 12 to avoid axial movement of the horizontal roller, a fixed heat insulation layer 23 is arranged around the horizontal roller 12, a heat flue 24 is arranged between the fixed heat insulation layer 23 and the horizontal roller 12, the upper side of the heat flue 24 is provided with a heat flue air outlet 25, and the heat flue air outlet 25 is communicated with a waste heat air inlet 26 of the waste heat recoverer 6. The right side of the horizontal roller 12 is provided with a hollow rotating shaft 10 which is welded together with the horizontal roller and can be coaxial with the horizontal roller and can be communicated with gas, the hollow rotating shaft 10 is arranged in a roller sleeve 11 on a bracket 8, a conductive sliding ring 17 is fixed on the hollow rotating shaft 10 on the left side of the roller sleeve 11, a belt pulley 28 is arranged on the hollow rotating shaft 10 on the right side of the roller sleeve 11, the belt pulley 28 is matched with an output belt pulley 30 of a motor 27 of the power device 4 through a belt 29, the motor 27 is electrically connected with and controlled by an electric automatic controller 7, the motor 27 rotates through the belt 29, the hollow rotating shaft 10 and the horizontal roller 12 of the garbage cracker, a heat dissipation shifting plate 13 shifts garbage 31 in the horizontal roller 12 to turn, and the garbage 31 in the horizontal roller 12. An air inlet 32 of the hollow rotating shaft 10 is deeply arranged in the horizontal roller 12 and is close to the position, which is not more than 20cm away from the sealing flange cover 20, and a poking sheet 33 and a metal net are welded on the air inlet of the hollow rotating shaft 10 so as to prevent the air inlet 32 from being blocked by the garbage 31 during the movement. The gas outlet 34 is connected and communicated with the pipeline converter 5, and combustible gas generated by cracking solid waste in the horizontal roller 12 enters the pipeline converter 5 through the hollow rotating shaft 10 and the gas outlet 34. A metal poking rod 35 is arranged on the central axis between the pipeline converter 5 and the hollow rotating shaft 10. A harmonica type burner 36 of a fuel gas heating system 3 is arranged between the lower edge of the horizontal roller 12 and the fixed insulating layer 23, the fuel gas heating system 3 is composed of the harmonica type burner 36, a gas mixing valve 37, a flame retardant device 38, a high-pressure sealing centrifugal fan 39, a gas storage tank 40, a gas adjusting valve 45 and a condenser 46 which are sequentially communicated through a gas transmission pipeline, mixed combustible gas generated by cracking garbage in the horizontal roller 12 enters the condenser 46 through the hollow rotating shaft 10, the pipeline converter 5 and the gas transmission pipeline 47 to be separated into cracked oil, and then hot air which is preheated by the gas adjusting valve 45, the gas storage tank 40, the centrifugal fan 3, the flame retardant device 38 and the gas mixing valve and the waste heat recoverer 6 is combusted in the harmonica type burner 36, and a flame heating field heats the outer wall of the horizontal roller 12 and a connecting header 48 of a plurality of connecting high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer pipes 14 to provide heat energy.
The multiple united high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer tubes 14 welded on the wall of the horizontal roller are composed of multiple united tubes 48 which are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and multiple superconducting tubes 50 welded on the united tubes 48 and welded with radiating fins 49, all the superconducting tubes 50 are parallel to each other and are vertically communicated with the united tubes 48, liquid alloy working media are contained in the united tubes 48, the liquid alloy working media are formed by mixing and activating mercury, partial ultra-fine powder titanium and ultra-fine powder nickel, the amount of the liquid alloy working media accounts for 22.5% of the internal volume of the united tubes 48, the evaporating ends of the united high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer tubes 14 are the united tubes 48 arranged outside the wall of the horizontal roller, the multiple superconducting tubes 50 are the condensing ends of the united high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer tubes arranged in the horizontal roller, and the condensing ends are welded on the wall of the horizontal roller.
A plurality of electric heating tubes 15 of the electric heater 2 are uniformly fixed on the outer wall of the horizontal roller 12 by fixing clamps and are arranged at intervals and equidistantly with a plurality of united high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer tubes 14, the plurality of electric heating tubes 15 are connected with a conductive slip ring 17 arranged on the hollow rotating shaft 10 through a high-temperature resistant power supply lead 16, and the conductive slip ring 17 is connected with a binding post of the electric automatic controller 7 through a conductive carbon brush 18. The contact rate of the electric heating tube 15 and the outer wall of the horizontal roller is more than 95 percent, so that the heat generated by the electric heating tube is absorbed by the outer wall of the horizontal roller and the plurality of united high-efficiency superconductive heat transfer tubes 14, and is transferred to the garbage 31 stirred by the horizontal roller through the wall of the horizontal roller, the plurality of radiating fins 49 at the condensation ends of the plurality of superconductive tubes and the radiating stirring plate 13, thereby providing garbage cracking heat energy. The output power of the electric heater is controlled by an electric automatic controller 7.
The high-temperature resistant honey jacket 51 is arranged between the metal poking rod 35 arranged on the central line between the pipeline converter 5 and the hollow rotating shaft 10 and the central hole of the right side plate of the pipeline converter 5, the metal poking rod 35 moves left and right, the thick-state cracking oil generated in the hollow rotating shaft 10 can be removed in a moving mode, and the smooth outflow of gas generated by garbage cracking in the horizontal roller is ensured.
The hot air inlet of the gas mixing valve 37 of the gas heating system 3 is provided with a hot air pipeline 52 communicated with the air outlet 54 of a waste heat recoverer centrifuge 53, the waste heat recoverer centrifuge 53 is communicated with the hot air outlet 55 of the waste heat recoverer 6, and the waste heat recoverer 6 preheats cold air entering the gas mixing valve by utilizing hot flue gas from the hot flue gas outlet 25 to utilize waste heat so as to improve the heat supply efficiency of the heating system. The waste heat recoverer 6 is composed of a box body 56, a middle partition plate 57 and a plurality of superconducting fin heat transfer pipes 58, and is characterized in that the middle partition plate 57 separates the superconducting fin heat transfer pipes 58 into an upper box body and a lower box body in the box body, an air inlet 26 of the lower box body is communicated with an air outlet 25 of a hot flue, and a hot air outlet 55 of the upper box body is communicated with an air regulating valve 59 and a waste heat recoverer centrifugal machine 53. The waste heat flue gas from the hot flue gas outlet 25 enters the waste heat recoverer 6 through the waste heat recoverer gas inlet 26 and is discharged from the waste gas outlet 72, the heat of the waste heat flue gas is transferred to the upper box body through the plurality of superconductive fin heat transfer tubes 58, and the cold air entering from the cold air inlet 73 at the left side of the upper box body is preheated and then enters the piano type combustor 36 through the hot air outlet 55, the air regulating valve 59, the centrifugal fan 53, the heat supply air pipeline 52 and the air mixing valve 37.
The pipe converter 5 comprises a cylindrical box 60, a semicircular groove plate 61 which is arranged in the cylindrical box 60 and can slide left and right, a jacking spring 63 arranged between a box blind plate 62 and the semicircular groove plate 61, and a sealing material 65 arranged between a microphone plate 64 on the left side of the cylindrical box 60 and the semicircular groove plate 61, wherein a round hole is formed in the center of the semicircular groove plate 61 and the microphone plate 64 on the left side of the box, the hollow rotating shaft 10 passes through the center of the microphone plate 64, and a semicircular head 66 of the semicircular groove plate 61 is tightly attached to the semicircular groove of the semicircular groove plate 61. The sealing material 65 with lubricating function filled in the space around the hollow rotating shaft 10 between the semicircular groove plate 61 and the left-side movable plate 64 of the box body is heat-resistant graphite aluminum silicate fiber, or high-temperature ceramic wire, or a sealing material formed by mixing carbon fiber and graphite paste according to the proportion of 7: 3, so that the combustible gas generated by cracking in the horizontal roller 12 is ensured not to leak gas when the hollow rotating shaft 10 rotates and the combustible gas enters the pipeline converter. The sealing material 65 installed in the space around the hollow rotating shaft 10 between the semicircular groove plate 61 and the left microphone plate 64 of the box body always keeps the compactness of the sealing material under the action of the tripod force spring 63 so as to ensure the sealing performance of the pipeline converter.
The electric automatic controller 7 is composed of a box body, a panel, a PLC microprocessor arranged in the box body and a circuit connected with the garbage cracker 1, the electric heater 2, the gas heating system 3 and the power device 4, the electric automatic controller 7 starts a motor 10 of the power device, controls the rotating speed, the forward and reverse rotation operation and the operation time of the motor, controls the rotating speed, the forward and reverse rotation operation and the operation time of the horizontal roller 12 according to different types of solid wastes, the horizontal roller 12 rotates forwards to send the garbage solid wastes into the horizontal roller 12 from a left feed inlet 19 of the horizontal roller 12, and the carbon fertilizer which is the cracked slag of the garbage solid wastes is led out from the left feed inlet 19 of the horizontal roller 12 by reversing. The electric automatic controller 7 can set the input power of the horizontal roller according to different types of solid waste articles.
The fixed heat-insulating layer 23 around the horizontal roller 12 is externally wrapped with inorganic heat-insulating materials with the heat conductivity coefficient of less than 0.05W/(m.K) and the heat-resisting temperature of more than 1000 ℃, such as alumina polycrystalline fiber cotton, rare earth heat-insulating mud, ceramic fiber heat-insulating cotton, or asbestos heat-insulating layers, graphite heat-insulating layers and the like, and the thickness of the heat-insulating layers is 15 cm-20 cm, so that the temperature on a furnace body can be prevented from diffusing outwards. The fixed insulating layer 23 is externally provided with a protective shell 42 of the garbage cracker.
The catalyst sleeve 21 around the right feed inlet of the sealing flange plate cover 20 of the horizontal roller is filled with a liquid catalyst which is 95 percent of water, 3 percent of dolomite and percent of Fe2O3And (3) micro powder mixed liquor, wherein when the horizontal roller rotates, the liquid catalyst flows out of the plurality of small holes of the catalyst sleeve and enters the space in the horizontal roller to be mixed with the garbage. The water in the liquid catalyst is used for meeting the humidity requirement of the garbage in cracking gasification. Experiments show that when the temperature of the garbage cracking reaction zone in the horizontal roller 12 is 350-600 ℃, the water vapor is used as a gasifying agent to accelerate the garbage reaction, and the gas production conversion rate and the volatile escape rate of the garbage are obviously improved. The addition of the water vapor in the horizontal drum 12 greatly increases the gas production rate of the materials along with the rise of the temperature, because the rise of the reaction temperature in the furnace accelerates the rise speed of the temperature of the garbage, and the garbage which reacts simultaneously in the garbage layer to release gas is increased, so that the instantaneous yield of the gas is increased. While the water vapor is added, the garbage is reversedPart of the gas to be discharged reacts with the water vapor first, and is further decomposed to generate other small molecule gas, and part of the small molecule gas can continue to react with the water vapor, so that the whole reaction duration is prolonged, and the total gas yield is increased. Under the steam atmosphere of 350-600 ℃, the total gas yield of the municipal solid waste, the kitchen waste and the paper scraps can be maximally close to 950L/kg, and the heat value is improved by 40 percent, because the secondary cracking of the tar and the steam generate reforming reaction along with the rise of the temperature, and CO and H are increased2When the content of combustible gas, especially the domestic kitchen waste is in the steam atmosphere of 350-600 ℃, the content of the combustible gas is increased due to the reforming reaction between the secondary cracking of the kitchen waste and water, and the temperature of 350-600 ℃ is also beneficial to the water gas reaction between the residual carbon of the kitchen waste and the steam. The water can be partially decomposed into H in a cracking furnace with 350-600 ℃ filled with organic matters2And O2. The dolomite in the liquid catalyst is the catalyst, and the test shows that the dolomite is added into the garbage, when the temperature of a garbage cracking reaction zone in the rotary superconducting cracking tank 1 is 350-600 ℃, the dolomite is used as the catalyst to obviously improve the combustible gas H2The content of tar is reduced, and the carbon deposition on the surface of equipment is reduced. Adding Fe into dolomite2O3The powder makes the dolomite become modified dolomite, the modified dolomite has improved the dolomite catalyst activity, the experiment shows: h at the temperature of 350-600 ℃ under the catalysis of modified dolomite2The volume fraction of (A) is 45.77% + -0.23%, and compared with the hydrogen-rich effect under the conditions of no catalysis and dolomite catalysis, the temperature required for gasification is reduced by 100 ℃. The modified dolomite not only promotes the carbon-carbon long chain on the hydrocarbon end chain to be broken, generates hydrogen free radicals, and further forms H2And meanwhile, the ring-opening reaction, decarboxylation and dehydroxylation of aromatic rings are promoted, so that tar after garbage cracking is more easily converted into micromolecular gas.
The left end air inlet 32 of the hollow rotating shaft is provided with a filter screen and a poking metal strip 33, so that the combustible gas generated when small and medium-sized garbage in the horizontal roller 12 enters the hollow rotating shaft 10 to block the rotary superconducting cracking tank 1 is prevented from being released, and the fitting degree between the semicircular head 66 of the right end and the semicircular groove of the semicircular groove plate 61 is less than or equal to 0.2mm, so that the sealing property of the pipeline converter 5 is ensured.
The power device 4 is composed of a motor 27, an output belt pulley 30, a belt pulley 28 connected to the hollow rotating shaft 10 and a high-temperature resistant transmission belt 29, the center line of the belt pulley 28 is overlapped with the center line of the hollow rotating shaft 10, and the motor 27 drives the belt pulley 28, the hollow rotating shaft 10 and the horizontal drum 12 to rotate through the output belt pulley 30 and the high-temperature resistant transmission belt 29 after being electrified.
The condenser 46 is a tubular cooler, a cold water inlet 67, a hot water outlet 68, a mixed gas inlet 69 and a combustible gas outlet 70 are arranged on the condenser, the air chamber of the pipeline converter 5 is connected with the mixed gas inlet 69 of the condenser through a gas transmission pipeline 47, and the gas outlet 70 of the condenser is connected with the air storage tank 40 and the air suction port of the high-pressure sealing centrifugal fan 39 through a combustible gas outlet pipeline 71. The cracked oil separated out from the condenser 46 enters the oil-water sealed tank 44 through the cracked oil outlet pipeline 43.
The flame arrestor 38 is a safety device for preventing the flame from backfiring into the condenser 46 when the harmonica burner 36 is ignited and causing the combustible gas to flash or detonate. The flame arrester 38 is comprised of a cylinder with flanges on both ends and a metal mesh filter element between the flanges. The metal mesh filter element is formed by overlapping 8-16 layers of stainless steel pore plates with the diameter of 0.23-0.315 mm or 8-16 layers of 16-22-mesh metal meshes. The net of the flame arrester is provided with a plurality of small holes which can not block the combustible gas when in work, when the combustible gas is tempered, the flame enters the flame arrester and is divided into a plurality of small flame flows by the dense holes of the flame arrester, and due to the heat transfer effect (the gas is cooled) and the wall effect, the flame flows are quenched instantly, and the flame can not be tempered and connected into the water-sealed tank.
A device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking garbage harmlessly with a mixed heat source is a device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking organic matters with two complementary heat sources or a mixed heat source on site, and is a device for preparing carbon fertilizer by heating the garbage 31 in a closed state of a horizontal roller 12 by utilizing an electric heating system to heat the wall of the closed horizontal roller, a radiating shifting plate 13 in the horizontal roller or utilizing a 360-degree rolling rapid heat collection and heat transfer radiating principle of a heating field of an harmonica-type combustor 36 at the lower edge of the horizontal roller 12, and changing the garbage organic matters from a solid state to a gas state under the action of a liquid catalyst. The horizontal roller 12 is a special sealed container, organic matters in the garbage and a gasifying agent are subjected to series reaction under certain temperature, pressure, catalyst and anaerobic conditions, macromolecular hydrocarbon of the garbage is quickly crushed to separate out combustible gases such as volatile CO, H2, CH, CNHm and the like, and the combustible gases are used as a cracking heat source of the garbage cracker, and the rest substances are high-quality carbon fertilizer and cracking oil. When the garbage incinerator is started, domestic garbage, waste clothes, plastics, tires, furniture, livestock feces, crop straws, agricultural films, branches, weeds and other organic matters generated by dispersed units such as communities, rural areas, field heads, hospitals, farms, schools, scenic spots and the like are loaded into the horizontal roller 12, the sealing flange plate cover 20 is closed, the electric heating pipe 15 is electrified or the harmonica type combustor 36 works, the garbage can be harmlessly treated into organic carbon fertilizer in an anaerobic condition, the garbage is reduced, the waste is utilized, no waste water is generated, no pollution is caused, no carbon dioxide is discharged, no dioxin is generated, manpower, material resources, financial resources and land are saved, the living environment is improved, and the garbage incinerator achieves two purposes at one time.
Claims (14)
1. A device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking harmless garbage with a mixed heat source comprises seven parts, namely a garbage cracker (1), an electric heater (2), a gas heating system (3), a power device (4), a pipeline converter (5), a waste heat recoverer (6) and an electric automatic control system (7), and is characterized in that the garbage cracker (1) is a metal horizontal roller (12) which is placed on two rollers (9) of a bracket (8) and is placed on a roller sleeve (11) through a hollow rotating shaft (10) and can rotate for 360 degrees to crack the garbage, a plurality of radiating shifting plates (13) capable of radiating and shifting the garbage to move uniformly are welded on the inner wall surface of the horizontal roller, a plurality of united high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer pipes (14) parallel to the horizontal roller (12) are welded on the periphery of the horizontal roller, a plurality of electric heating pipes (15) which are parallel to each other and are in close contact with the outer wall of the horizontal roller are installed between the united high-, the sealing flange cover (20) is arranged on the left feed inlet (19) of the horizontal roller (12), the sealing flange cover (20) and the hollow rotating shaft (10) are closed, and the inside of the horizontal roller (12) is in a sealing state: the catalyst sleeve (21) is arranged on the right side of the sealing flange cover (20), the rolling belt (22) of the horizontal roller is arranged on the right side of the catalyst sleeve (21), the rolling belt (22) is placed on two symmetrical rollers (9) on the support, and the rolling belt (22) rolls along with the horizontal roller (12): fixed heat preservation (23) are around horizontal drum (12), are hot flue (24) between fixed heat preservation (23) and horizontal drum (12), are equipped with harmonica formula combustor (36) of gas heating system (3) in lower part hot flue (24), and the higher authority of hot flue (24) is hot flue venthole (25), and the intercommunication is connected with waste heat air inlet (26) of waste heat recoverer (6) in hot flue venthole (25): the right side of the horizontal roller (12) is provided with a hollow rotating shaft (10) which is welded together with the horizontal roller and is positioned in a coaxial line and can be communicated with gas, and the hollow rotating shaft (10) is arranged in a roller sleeve (11) on the bracket (8); a conductive slip ring (17) is fixed on a hollow rotating shaft (10) on the left side of a rolling sleeve (11), a belt pulley (28) is installed on the hollow rotating shaft (10) on the right side of the rolling sleeve (11), the belt pulley (28) is matched with an output belt pulley (30) of a motor (27) of a power device (4) through a belt (29), the motor (27) is electrically connected with and controlled by an electric automatic controller (7), the motor (27) rotates through the belt (29), the hollow rotating shaft (10) and a horizontal roller (12) of a garbage cracker, and a heat dissipation shifting plate (13) shifts garbage (31) in the horizontal roller (12) to be turned; an air inlet (32) of the hollow rotating shaft (10) is deeply arranged in the horizontal roller (12) and is close to a position which is not more than 20 centimeters away from the sealing flange cover (20), and a poking sheet (33) and a metal mesh are welded on the air inlet of the hollow rotating shaft (10); the gas outlet (34) is communicated with the pipeline converter (5), and combustible gas generated by cracking solid wastes in the horizontal roller (12) enters the pipeline converter (5) through the gas outlet (34) of the hollow rotating shaft (10); a metal poking rod (35) is arranged on the central axis between the pipeline converter (5) and the hollow rotating shaft (10).
2. The device for preparing the carbon fertilizer by cracking the garbage with the harmless mixed heat source according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of united high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer tubes (14) welded on the wall of the horizontal roller are composed of a plurality of united collecting tubes (48) arranged in parallel at equal intervals and a plurality of superconducting tubes (50) welded on the united collecting tubes (48) and provided with radiating fins (49), all the superconducting tubes (50) are parallel to each other and are vertically communicated with the united collecting tubes (48), activated liquid alloy working media are contained in the united collecting tubes (48), the liquid alloy working media are formed by mixing and activating mercury, part of ultrafine powder titanium and ultrafine powder nickel, the amount of the liquid alloy working media accounts for 17-25% of the inner volume of the united collecting tubes (48), the evaporation end of the united high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer tubes (14) is the united collecting tube (48) arranged outside the wall of the horizontal roller, and the plurality of the superconducting tubes (50) are condensation ends of the united high-efficiency superconducting heat transfer tubes (14) arranged in the horizontal roller, the condensation end is welded on the wall of the horizontal drum.
3. The device for preparing the carbon fertilizer through the innocent garbage cracking with the mixed heat source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric heater (2) is formed by uniformly fixing a plurality of electric heating pipes (15) on the outer wall of a horizontal roller (12) through fixing clamps, and arranging the electric heating pipes and a plurality of integrated efficient superconducting heat transfer pipes (14) at intervals, wherein the plurality of electric heating pipes (15) are connected with a conductive slip ring (17) arranged on a hollow rotating shaft (10) through a high-temperature-resistant power supply lead (16), the conductive slip ring (17) is connected with a binding post of an electric automatic controller (7) through a conductive carbon brush (18), the contact rate of the electric heating pipes (15) and the outer wall of the horizontal roller is more than 95%, and the output power of the electric heater (2) is controlled by the electric automatic controller (7).
4. The device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking garbage with a mixed heat source harmless as claimed in claim 1, wherein a high temperature resistant honey jacket (51) is arranged between a metal poking rod (35) arranged on the center line between the pipeline converter (5) and the hollow rotating shaft (10) and the center hole of the right side plate of the pipeline converter (5), and the metal poking rod (35) moves left and right to displace the thick cracking oil generated in the hollow rotating shaft (10).
5. The device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking garbage with a harmless mixed heat source according to claim 1, wherein a gas heating system (3) is arranged between the lower edge of the horizontal roller (12) and the fixed insulating layer (23), the gas heating system (3) is composed of an harmonica type burner (36), a gas mixing valve (37), a flame arrester (38), a high-pressure sealing centrifugal fan (39), a gas storage tank (40), a gas regulating valve (45) and a condenser (46) which are sequentially communicated through a gas transmission pipeline, mixed combustible gas generated by cracking garbage in the horizontal roller (12) sequentially passes through the hollow rotating shaft (10), the pipeline converter (5), a gas transmission pipeline (47), the condenser (46), the gas regulating valve (45), the gas storage tank (40), the centrifugal fan (3) and the flame arrester (38) and enters the gas mixing valve and hot air preheated by the waste heat recoverer (6) to be combusted in the harmonica type burner (36), the flame heating field heats the outer wall of the horizontal roller (12) and the connection pipes (48) of the plurality of connection-type efficient superconducting heat transfer pipes (14) to provide cracking heat energy for the garbage (31) in the horizontal roller (12); a hot air supply pipeline (52) of the air mixing valve (37) is communicated with a hot air outlet (54) of a waste heat recoverer centrifugal machine (53), and the waste heat recoverer centrifugal machine (53) is communicated with a hot air outlet (55) of the waste heat recoverer (6).
6. The device for preparing the carbon fertilizer by cracking the harmless garbage with the mixed heat source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waste heat recoverer (6) comprises a box body (56), a middle partition plate (57) and a plurality of superconducting fin heat transfer tubes (58), the device is characterized in that the middle partition plate (57) separates the superconducting fin heat transfer tubes (58) into an upper box body and a lower box body in the box body, a waste heat air inlet (26) of the lower box body is communicated with a hot flue air outlet (25), a hot air outlet (55) of the upper box body is communicated with a heat regulating air valve (59) and a waste heat recoverer (53), waste heat flue gas from the hot flue air outlet (25) enters the waste heat recoverer (6) through the waste heat recoverer air inlet (26), is discharged from a waste heat gas outlet (72), heat of the waste heat flue gas is transferred to the upper box body through the superconducting fin heat transfer tubes (58), and cold air entering a cold air inlet (73) at the left side of the upper, The air regulating valve (59) enters a waste heat recovery centrifuge (53).
7. The mixed heat source harmless garbage cracking carbon fertilizer apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said pipe converter (5) is composed of a cylindrical casing (60), a semicircular slot plate (61) installed in the cylindrical casing (60) and capable of sliding left and right, a top spring (63) installed between the casing blind plate (62) and the semicircular slot plate (61), and a sealing material (65) installed between the left microphone plate (64) and the semicircular slot plate (61) of the cylindrical casing (60), a round hole is opened at the center of the semicircular slot plate (61) and the left microphone plate (64) of the casing, the hollow rotating shaft (10) passes through the center of the microphone plate (64), and the semicircular head (66) is tightly attached to the semicircular slot of the semicircular slot plate (61): the sealing material (65) in the space around the hollow rotating shaft (10) between the semicircular groove plate (61) and the left movable plate (64) of the box body is heat-resistant graphite aluminum silicate fiber, high-temperature ceramic wire or a sealing material formed by mixing carbon fiber and graphite paste according to the proportion of 7: 3; the sealing material (65) arranged in the space around the hollow rotating shaft (10) between the semicircular groove plate (61) and the left microphone plate (64) of the box body keeps the compactness under the action of the tripod force spring (63).
8. The device for preparing the carbon fertilizer by cracking the garbage with the harmless mixed heat source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric automatic controller (7) comprises a box body, a panel, a PLC microprocessor arranged in the box body, and a circuit electrically connected with the garbage cracker (1), the electric heater (2), the gas heating system (3), the power device (4) and the temperature sensor (41), wherein the electric automatic controller (7) starts a motor (27) of the power device, controls the rotating speed, the forward and reverse rotation operation and the operation time of the motor, controls the horizontal roller (12) to rotate forward to feed the garbage solid waste into the horizontal roller (12) from a left feed inlet (19) of the horizontal roller (12), and controls the reverse rotation to lead out the cracked slag of the garbage solid waste, namely the carbon fertilizer, from the left feed inlet (19) of the horizontal roller (12).
9. The apparatus for producing carbon fertilizer by pyrolysis of garbage with mixed heat source and harmless as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixed insulating layer (23) around the horizontal drum (12) is externally wrapped with inorganic heat insulating material with heat conductivity coefficient below 0.05W/(m.k) and heat resistance temperature above 1000 ℃, such as alumina polycrystalline fiber cotton, rare earth insulating mud, ceramic fiber insulating cotton, or asbestos insulating layer, graphite insulating layer, etc., and the thickness of the insulating layer is 15 cm-20 cm, which can prevent the temperature on the furnace body from diffusing outwards. The fixed insulating layer (23) is externally provided with a protective shell (42) of the garbage cracker.
10. The device for producing carbon fertilizer by cracking harmless garbage with mixed heat source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that the device is horizontally arrangedA liquid catalyst is filled in a catalyst sleeve (21) around a feed inlet on the right side of a sealing flange plate cover (20) of the roller type, and the liquid catalyst is 95 percent of water, 3 percent of dolomite and percent of Fe2O3And (3) micro powder mixed liquor, wherein when the rotary superconducting cracking tank rotates, the liquid catalyst flows out of a plurality of small holes of the catalyst sleeve and enters the space in the rotary superconducting cracking tank to be mixed with the garbage.
11. The device for preparing the carbon fertilizer by cracking the harmless garbage with the mixed heat source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air inlet (32) at the left end of the hollow rotating shaft (10) is provided with a filter screen and a stirring metal strip (33), and the fitting degree between the semicircular head (66) at the right end of the hollow rotating shaft (10) and the semicircular groove of the semicircular groove plate (61) is less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
12. The device for preparing the carbon fertilizer by cracking the harmless garbage with the mixed heat source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power device (4) comprises a motor (27), an output belt pulley (30), a belt pulley (28) connected to the hollow rotating shaft (10) and a high-temperature resistant transmission belt (29), the center line of the belt pulley (28) is overlapped with the center line of the hollow rotating shaft (10), and the motor (27) is electrified to drive the belt pulley (28), the hollow rotating shaft (10) and the horizontal roller (12) to rotate through the output belt pulley (30) and the high-temperature resistant transmission belt (29).
13. The device for producing carbon fertilizer by cracking garbage with a harmless mixed heat source according to claim 1, wherein the condenser (46) is a shell and tube cooler, the condenser is provided with a cold water inlet (67), a hot water outlet (68), a mixed gas inlet (69) and a combustible gas outlet (70), an air chamber of the pipeline converter (5) is connected with the mixed gas inlet (69) of the condenser through a gas transmission pipeline (47), the gas outlet (70) of the condenser is connected with a gas storage tank (40) and a suction opening of a high-pressure sealing centrifugal fan (39) through a combustible gas outlet pipeline (71), and cracked oil separated out from the condenser (46) enters the oil-water sealing tank (44) through a cracked oil outlet pipeline (43).
14. The device for preparing carbon fertilizer by cracking the harmless garbage with the mixed heat source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flame arrester (38) is composed of a cylinder with flanges at two ends and a metal mesh filter element between the flanges, wherein the metal mesh filter element is formed by overlapping 8-16 layers of stainless steel pore plates with the diameter of 0.23-0.315 mm or overlapping 8-16 layers of 16-22 meshes of metal mesh.
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Cited By (1)
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