CN112295918B - Shell and kernel separator and full-automatic walnut sheller thereof - Google Patents
Shell and kernel separator and full-automatic walnut sheller thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112295918B CN112295918B CN202010988857.4A CN202010988857A CN112295918B CN 112295918 B CN112295918 B CN 112295918B CN 202010988857 A CN202010988857 A CN 202010988857A CN 112295918 B CN112295918 B CN 112295918B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
- B07B7/01—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using gravity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N5/00—Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
- B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
- B07B13/04—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices according to size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B15/00—Combinations of apparatus for separating solids from solids by dry methods applicable to bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a shell and kernel separator and a full-automatic walnut sheller thereof, wherein the shell and kernel separator comprises two separating vertical plates and a separating top plate, the two separating vertical plates are arranged in parallel, the tops of the two separating vertical plates are assembled with the separating top plate, one sides of the two shunting side plates are assembled with the separating side plates, a blasting shell is arranged on the separating side plates, a hollow blasting cavity is arranged in the blasting shell, a blasting impeller is arranged in the blasting cavity, the blasting impeller is sleeved on a blasting shaft, the blasting shaft and the blasting shell can be circularly and rotatably assembled, and one end of the blasting shaft penetrates through the blasting shell and then is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a blasting motor; a finished product channel, a mixing channel and a shell channel are arranged below the discharge hopper, and the walnut shells, the walnut kernels and the mixed crushed aggregates which are subjected to air separation are respectively output from the shell channel, the finished product channel and the mixing channel; two sides of the discharge hopper are respectively assembled with the separation side plate and the installation side plate; an upper throwing plate is sequentially obliquely arranged from top to bottom between the two separation vertical plates from one end far away from the discharge hopper to one end of the discharge hopper.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a walnut shelling and kernel taking technology, in particular to a shell and kernel separator and a full-automatic walnut shelling machine thereof.
Background
Walnuts are the main nut agricultural products at present, and walnut kernels need to be taken out in the fine processing. At present, walnut kernels are mainly taken by crushing walnuts, then materials of mixed walnut kernels and walnut shells are conveyed to a winnowing device, and the walnut shells are lower in density and lighter than the walnut kernels, so that the walnut shells can be blown out by air flow blowing to realize screening and separation of the walnut kernels and the walnut shells. However, when in actual use, the outer diameters of walnuts are different, which may cause excessive crushing of overlarge walnuts, so that the walnut kernels are crushed, and the loss of the walnut kernels is large; and the walnut kernels which are too small can not be crushed, even the crusher is stuck on the grid of the crusher, so that the crusher is stuck. In addition, after the walnut kernel and the walnut shell are crushed, the walnut kernel and the walnut shell are not separated immediately, but the walnut kernel and the walnut shell are separated at the moment and fall to a winnowing device in the prior art, so that the walnut shell and the walnut kernel are integrated, enter a walnut kernel outlet and are mixed in the screened walnut kernels, manual treatment needs to be carried out again, manpower and material resources are seriously wasted, and the efficiency is extremely low.
The inventor designs a full-automatic walnut sheller which can effectively crush walnuts with different sizes and can prevent the grid from being stuck; in addition, the crushed walnut kernels and walnut shells can be fully separated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a shell-kernel separator and a full-automatic walnut sheller thereof, wherein the shell-kernel separator can fully separate and screen walnut shells and walnut kernels.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a shell and kernel separator which comprises two separating vertical plates, a separating top plate, two separating side plates, a blowing shell, a discharging hopper and an upper throwing plate, wherein the two separating vertical plates are arranged in parallel, the tops of the two separating vertical plates are assembled with the separating top plate, one sides of the two shunting side plates are assembled with the separating side plates, the blowing shell is arranged on the separating side plates, a hollow blowing cavity is formed in the blowing shell, a blowing impeller is arranged in the blowing cavity, the blowing impeller is sleeved on a blowing shaft, the blowing shaft and the blowing shell can be circumferentially and rotatably assembled, and one end of the blowing shaft penetrates through the blowing shell and then is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a blowing motor;
a finished product channel, a mixing channel and a shell channel are arranged below the discharge hopper, and the walnut shells, the walnut kernels and the mixed crushed aggregates which are subjected to air separation are respectively output from the shell channel, the finished product channel and the mixing channel;
two sides of the discharge hopper are respectively assembled with the separation side plate and the installation side plate; an upper throwing plate is sequentially obliquely arranged from top to bottom between the two vertical separating plates from one end far away from the discharge hopper to one end of the discharge hopper, and the upper throwing plate is used for throwing the crushed aggregates.
Preferably, a first air equalizing plate is arranged at a position where the separation side plate is communicated with the air blowing cavity, a plurality of first air equalizing holes are formed in the first air equalizing plate, a second air equalizing plate is arranged between the two separation vertical plates and the separation side plate, is close to the first air equalizing plate and is arranged below the discharge hopper, and the second air equalizing plate is gradually far away from the air blowing shell from top to bottom, so that materials falling from the discharge hopper can flap on the second air equalizing plate; a plurality of penetrating second air equalizing holes are formed in the second air equalizing plate; and a finished product channel, a mixing channel and a shell channel are arranged below the second air equalizing plate.
Preferably, the shell channel, the finished product channel and the mixing channel are respectively formed by dividing the space between the two separating vertical plates and the inner sides of the separating side plates by a first channel frame and a second channel frame, and two sides of the first channel frame and the second channel frame are respectively assembled with the corresponding separating vertical plates; the finished product channel is located below the discharge hopper, the shell channel is located at the end farthest away from the discharge hopper, and the mixing channel is located between the shell channel and the finished product channel.
Preferably, the mounting side plate is mounted on an air duct top plate, and the air duct top plate is mounted above the first channel frame and the second channel frame so as to seal the top of the shell channel, the finished product channel and the mixing channel; go up and throw the board top and install the dispersion board, the dispersion board is upwards to install several dispersion hemisphere on the one end terminal surface of throwing the board.
Preferably, a plurality of upward throwing mechanisms are obliquely arranged between the two separating vertical plates from one end far away from the discharge hopper to one end of the discharge hopper, and gradually descend from top to bottom, and are used for obliquely throwing the crushed walnuts upwards;
the upper throwing mechanism comprises an upper throwing plate, an upper throwing mounting plate, upper throwing partition plates and upper throwing pull plates, the upper throwing mounting plate is assembled with the separating vertical plates on the two sides, the top of the upper throwing plate is hinged with the separating vertical plates on the two sides through an upper throwing rotating shaft, one end of the upper throwing plate, far away from the upper throwing rotating shaft, is assembled and fixed with one end of a first pull rope, a pull rope connecting plate is installed on the part of the upper throwing plate, located between the first pull rope and the upper throwing rotating shaft, and the pull rope connecting plate is assembled and fixed with one end of a second pull rope; the other ends of the first pull rope and the second pull rope are respectively connected and fixed with an upper throwing lug of an upper throwing pull plate and the top of an upper throwing pull shaft, and the upper throwing pull plate is assembled with the top of an upper throwing guide shaft; the first pull rope and the second pull rope are flexible.
Preferably, the bottom of the upper throwing guide shaft is arranged in a guide inner cylinder of the upper throwing guide cylinder and assembled with an upper throwing ring, and the upper throwing ring is clamped with the guide inner cylinder and can be axially assembled in a sliding manner; the upper throwing guide cylinder is arranged on the upper throwing mounting plate;
a first upper throwing spring is sleeved on a part of the upper throwing guide shaft, which is positioned between the upper throwing ring and the top surface of the guide inner cylinder, and the first upper throwing spring is used for generating elastic force for preventing the upper throwing ring from moving to the upper throwing plate;
a second upward throwing spring is arranged in the guide inner cylinder, between the upward throwing ring and the upward throwing mounting plate and used for generating elastic force for preventing the upward throwing ring from moving to the upward throwing mounting plate;
the upper throwing plate is downwards inclined from one end assembled with the upper throwing rotating shaft to one end assembled with the first pull rope.
Preferably, the upper throwing pulling shaft penetrates through the upper throwing partition plate, and the upper throwing pulling shaft is clamped with the upper throwing partition plate and can be axially assembled in a sliding manner; the upper throwing pull shaft penetrates through one end of the upper throwing partition plate and is provided with a tooth socket; the upper throwing partition plate is assembled with the upper throwing mounting plate through a first upper throwing support plate and a second upper throwing support plate respectively, the first upper throwing support plate and the second upper throwing support plate are assembled with an upper throwing power shaft in a circumferential rotating mode respectively, the upper throwing power shaft penetrates through the second upper throwing support plate and then is fixedly connected with an output shaft of an upper throwing motor, and the upper throwing motor is installed on the second upper throwing support plate; the upper throwing power shaft is provided with a half gear at the position corresponding to the tooth socket, the half gear is provided with clamping teeth distributed at intervals, and the clamping teeth can be meshed with the tooth socket to form a gear rack transmission mechanism.
Preferably, the upper throwing plates of each upper throwing mechanism are assembled in sequence in an assembling mode that one end of the upper throwing plate of the upper throwing mechanism, which is close to the first pull rope, is positioned above one end of the upper throwing plate of the lower throwing mechanism, which is close to the upper throwing rotating shaft.
Preferably, one end of the upper throwing plate of the upper throwing mechanism, which is close to the first pull rope, is assembled with one end of the upper throwing plate of the next upper throwing mechanism, which is close to the upper throwing rotating shaft through a second elastic belt, and the second elastic belt closes a gap between two adjacent upper throwing plates;
one end, close to an upper throwing rotating shaft, of an upper throwing plate of the uppermost upper throwing mechanism is assembled with the separation top plate through a first elastic belt, and a gap between the upper throwing plate of the uppermost upper throwing mechanism and the separation top plate is sealed through the first elastic belt;
one end, close to the first pull rope, of the upper throwing plate of the lowermost upper throwing mechanism is assembled with the mounting side plate through a third elastic belt, and the third elastic belt seals a gap between the upper throwing plate of the lowermost upper throwing mechanism and the mounting side plate; the first elastic belt, the second elastic belt and the third elastic belt are elastic.
The invention also discloses a full-automatic walnut sheller which is applied to the shell and kernel separator.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the walnut shell screening machine is simple in structure, walnut kernels can be fully crushed and can be effectively separated from walnut shells through an upward-throwing separation design, and meanwhile, the three outlets are formed in the winnowing position, so that effective screening of the walnut kernels and the walnut shells can be guaranteed, defective walnut kernels and small-particle walnut kernels which are not separated from the walnut shells can be screened out independently, and therefore the screening precision is increased while the loss of the walnut kernels is reduced.
2. The crusher can be suitable for crushing walnuts with different diameters through the movable design of the grating rollers, and the grating rollers can move downwards to give way when the walnuts are clamped between the grating rollers, so that the clamped walnuts and walnut shells can be directly removed, and the grating is prevented from being clamped. The breaker still can be more than hard, broken intracavity walnut automatic overload let when more through the design of overload protection formula crushing wheel to avoid directly damaging the breaker.
3. The shell-kernel separator disclosed by the invention can be used for continuously and obliquely upwards throwing the crushed walnut shells and walnut kernels through the upper throwing plate, so that not only can materials be conveyed, but also the walnut kernels and the walnut shells can be fully separated by utilizing the impact of upwards throwing and falling, and the subsequent separation precision can be increased. The shell-kernel separator of the invention divides the materials after air separation into three types, which not only can effectively improve the air separation precision, but also can reduce the loss of walnut kernels.
Drawings
Fig. 1-3 are schematic structural views of the present invention. Wherein figure 3 is a cross-sectional view at the center plane of the axis of the upper throwing shaft.
Fig. 4-12 are schematic views of the structure of the crusher. Wherein fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view at a central plane of the crushing shaft axis; FIGS. 6 and 7 are enlarged views at F1 and F2 in FIG. 5, respectively; FIGS. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views of the crushing wheel at C-C, D-D of FIG. 6, respectively; fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the crushing wheel.
FIGS. 13-14 are schematic views of the shell and kernel separator.
Fig. 15-18 are schematic structural views of the polishing mechanism. Wherein figure 17 is a cross-sectional view of the upper throw guide shaft at a central plane of the axis.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-18, the full-automatic walnut sheller of the embodiment comprises:
the crusher A is used for crushing walnuts, and the crushed walnuts fall into the shell and kernel separator B from a gap between the grid rollers A370;
and the shell-kernel separator B is used for separating shells and kernels of the crushed walnuts and screening the walnut shells, the walnut kernels and the mixture through air separation.
Referring to fig. 1-12, the crusher a includes a feed hopper a110, a material limiting pipe a120, a crushing box a130, and a converging hopper a140, wherein the feed hopper a110, the material limiting pipe a120, the crushing box a130, and the converging hopper a140 are sequentially installed from top to bottom and are internally communicated; a hollow feeding cavity A111 is formed inside the feeding hopper A110, a hollow material limiting cavity A121 is formed inside the material limiting pipe A120, a hollow crushing cavity A135 is formed inside the crushing box A130, a hollow converging cavity A141 is formed inside the converging hopper A140, the upper end and the lower end of the material limiting cavity A121 are respectively communicated with the feeding cavity A111 and the material limiting cavity A121, and the upper end and the lower end of the converging cavity A141 are respectively communicated with the crushing cavity A135 and the shell-and-kernel separator B;
a material limiting wheel A510 is arranged in the material limiting cavity A121, and the material limiting wheel A510 comprises a material limiting wheel cylinder A512 sleeved on the material limiting rotating shaft A310 and a material limiting wheel plate A511 arranged on the material limiting wheel cylinder A512; the material limiting wheel plate A511 is matched with the inner wall of the material limiting cavity A121 so as to prevent walnuts in the feeding cavity A111 from passing through the material limiting cavity A121 to enter the crushing cavity A135, and the quantity of the feeding cavity A111 to the crushing cavity A135 is controlled.
The material limiting rotating shaft A310 and the material limiting pipe A120 can be assembled in a circumferential rotating mode, one end of the material limiting rotating shaft A310 penetrates through the material limiting pipe A120 and then is fixedly connected with a speed reduction output shaft A612 of a speed reducer A600 through a coupler, the speed reduction input and output shaft A611 of the speed reducer A600 is assembled with one end of a pulley shaft A390, the speed reducer A600 is used for reducing the rotating speed input into the speed reduction input and output shaft A611 and then outputting the speed reduction output shaft A612, and the speed reducer A600 of the embodiment adopts a planetary speed reducer.
The belt pulley shaft A390 and the pulley shaft plate A133 can be assembled in a circumferential rotating mode, the pulley shaft plate A133 is installed on the crushing box A130, a first belt pulley A611 is further sleeved on the belt pulley shaft A390, the first belt pulley A611 is connected with a second belt pulley A612 through a belt A610 to form a belt transmission mechanism, the second belt pulley A612 is fixedly sleeved on one end of the crushing shaft A330, the other end of the crushing shaft A330 penetrates through the crushing shell A130 and the crushing barrel A540 and then is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the crushing motor A210 through a coupler, and the crushing motor A210 is installed on the crushing shell A130. When the walnut crushing device is used, the crushing motor A210 is started, so that the crushing shaft A330 is driven to rotate circumferentially, the crushing shaft A330 drives the crushing wheel and the belt pulley shaft A390 to rotate circumferentially respectively, and the crushing plate A521 is matched with the inner wall of the crushing cavity A135 and the grating roller A370 to crush walnuts; the belt pulley shaft A390 drives the material limiting wheel A510 to rotate circumferentially, so that the material limiting wheel A510 conveys walnuts in the feeding cavity A111 to the crushing cavity A134 through an interval space between the two material limiting wheels A510, and the phenomenon that the crushing wheel is blocked or the crushing effect is influenced due to too many walnuts input at one time is avoided.
The part of the crushing shaft A330 in the crushing cavity A134 is fixedly sleeved with a crushing wheel, the crushing wheel comprises a crushing plate assembly A520, a crushing barrel A540 and a crushing support rod A530, the crushing plate assembly A520 comprises a crushing plate A521 and a first crushing hinge plate A522, one end of the first crushing hinge plate A522 is mounted on the crushing plate A521, the other end of the first crushing hinge plate A522 is hinged with one end of a second crushing hinge plate A542 through a crushing pin A350, the other end of the second crushing hinge plate A542 is mounted on the crushing barrel A540, and the crushing barrel A540 is fixedly sleeved on the crushing shaft A330;
the crushing plate A521 is assembled with one end of a crushing supporting rod A530, the other end of the crushing supporting rod A530 is assembled and fixed with a crushing ring A340, and the crushing ring A340 is sleeved on the crushing cylinder A540 in a circumferential rotating manner; a crushing cylinder ring groove A543 is arranged near the assembly position of the crushing cylinder A540 and the crushing ring A340, the crushing cylinder ring groove A543 is respectively clamped with the crushing overload block A341 and the crushing limit block A550 and can be assembled in a sliding manner, the crushing overload block A341 is arranged on the inner wall of the crushing ring A340, an arc-shaped slide block A551 is further arranged on the crushing limit block A550, the arc-shaped slide block A551 is clamped with the slide block sliding groove A541 and can be assembled in a sliding manner, and the slide block sliding groove A541 is arranged on the side wall of the crushing cylinder ring groove A543; the locking bolt A360 penetrates through the crushing limit block A550 and then is tightly pressed with the bottom surface of the crushing cylinder annular groove A543, so that the crushing limit block A550 and the crushing cylinder annular groove A543 are fixed relatively; broken stopper A550, broken overload piece A341 compress tightly with the broken pressure spring A430 both ends of second respectively for broken overload piece A341 can extrude the broken pressure spring A430 of second when rotating to broken stopper A550, so that broken ring A340 can the small-angle rotation, also can the small-angle rotation for also make broken plate A521 have certain displacement of stepping down.
A crushing cover A560 is sleeved outside the sliding block chute A541, the end surface of one end of the crushing cover A560 is tightly attached to the end surface of the crushing ring A340, is sealed and can rotate circumferentially, the other end of the crushing cover A560 is installed on a crushing convex ring A570 through a crushing bolt A380, and the crushing convex ring A570 is sleeved and fixed on a crushing cylinder A540; the inner side of the crushing cover A560 is further provided with a blocking block A561, and in an initial state, the blocking block A561 is attached to one end, far away from the corresponding crushing limiting block A550, of the crushing overload block A341, so that the crushing overload block A341 cannot rotate towards the blocking block A561. This design is mainly to prevent the crushing plate a521 from loosening and shaking due to the absence of restriction at the end away from the corresponding crushing stopper a 550. During the use, broken motor drives crushing board A521 circumferential rotation and in order to break the walnut, in case crushing board A521 receives to hinder and can't rotate smoothly, crushing board A521 can exert a rotatory power to broken ring A340 through broken branch A530, the elasticity that broken ring A340 of this power drive overcame the broken pressure spring A430 of second makes broken ring A340 rotate, that is to say crushing board A521 rotates along with broken round pin A350, thereby make crushing board A521 increase voluntarily and the interval that is blockked the department form overload protection. This kind of design can avoid hard thing to crash crushing plate A521 on the one hand, on the other hand can be so that can not directly press into tiny disintegrating slag with it when broken great walnut, influences selling looks, the quality of final walnut-meat.
The crushing cavity A135 is also provided with a blocking arc block A134 and a grating roller A370 at the position below the crushing wheel, and the blocking arc blocks A134 are arranged at two sides of the grating roller A370 to fill the gap at the two sides of the grating roller A370 and prevent walnuts from falling from the gap. The grid roller A370 is sleeved on the grid shaft A320 in a circumferentially rotatable manner, two ends of the grid shaft A320 are respectively assembled with the grid sliding block A440, the grid sliding block A440 is clamped in the grid sliding groove A131 corresponding to the grid sliding block A440 and is assembled with the grid sliding block A131 in a sliding manner, the end part of the grid shaft A320 penetrates out of the grid sliding block A440 and is assembled with the spring sleeve A411, the spring sleeve A411 is assembled and fixed with one end of the first crushing spring A410, the other end of the first crushing spring A410 is assembled and fixed with the spring support plate A132, and the spring support plate A132 is fixed on the crushing box A130. When the walnut crusher is used, the grating rollers A370 form a grating, and crushed walnuts need to be filled between every two grating rollers A370 and fall. Once the two grating rollers a370 are clamped and blocked by the foreign matters, the subsequent walnut chips continuously press the two grating rollers a370, so that the two grating rollers a370 respectively overcome the corresponding first breaking spring a410 to move downwards, and the distance between the two grating rollers a370 is increased, so that the blocked foreign matters are smoothly discharged, and the grating is prevented from being clamped and blocked. In the embodiment, the force for driving the grating roller to move downwards is smaller than the force for driving the crushing plate to rotate, so that the walnuts are effectively crushed. In addition, when the walnut with a smaller crushing diameter is crushed, the distance between the grating roller and the crushing plate is just suitable for crushing small walnuts, when the walnut with a larger diameter is encountered, the distance between the grating roller and the crushing plate is increased by moving downwards, so that the larger walnuts are prevented from being crushed into fine fragments, the quality of walnut kernels is ensured, and after the larger walnuts are crushed, the grating roller moves upwards to reset.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the grid sliding chute a131 and the bottom surface of the grid sliding block a440 are respectively assembled and fixed with two ends of an elastic diaphragm a420, the elastic diaphragm a420 seals the part of the grid sliding chute a131 not assembled with the grid sliding block a440 to prevent the material from leaking, and the elastic diaphragm a420 has elasticity, in this embodiment, the elastic diaphragm a420 is made of elastic silica gel, and in the moving process of the grid sliding block a440, the elastic diaphragm a420 always keeps sealing the grid sliding chute a 131. In this embodiment, another elastic membrane a420 may be installed between the top surface of the grid slider a440 and the top surface of the grid runner a131 to ensure that the grid runner a131 is always in a closed state.
Referring to fig. 1-3 and 13-18, the shell and kernel separator B includes a separating vertical plate B110, a separating top plate B120, a separating side plate B130, and a blowing shell B140, where the separating vertical plate B110 is installed in parallel, tops of the two separating vertical plates B110 are assembled with the separating top plate B120, one side of the two dividing side plates B110 is assembled with the separating side plate B130, the blowing shell B140 is installed on the separating side plate B130, a hollow blowing cavity B141 is inside the blowing shell B140, a blowing impeller B510 is installed in the blowing cavity B141, the blowing impeller B510 is sleeved on a blowing shaft B320, the blowing shaft B320 and the blowing shell B140 are circumferentially rotatably assembled, one end of the blowing shaft B320 penetrates through the blowing shell B140 and then is connected and fixed with an output shaft of the blowing motor B210 through a coupler, and the blowing motor B210 can drive the blowing shaft B320 to circumferentially rotate after being started, so as to drive the blowing impeller B510 to circumferentially rotate. The air blowing impeller B510 is provided with a plurality of air blowing blades B511, which rotate when the air blowing impeller rotates circumferentially, thereby blowing air toward the first air uniforming plate B180.
A first air equalizing plate B180 is arranged at the communication position of the separation side plate B130 and the air blowing cavity B141, a plurality of first air equalizing holes B181 which penetrate through the first air equalizing plate B180 are arranged on the first air equalizing plate B180, a second air equalizing plate B170 is arranged between the two separation vertical plates B110 and the separation side plate B130, is close to the first air equalizing plate B180 and is arranged below the discharge hopper B160, and the second air equalizing plate B170 is gradually far away from the air blowing shell B140 from top to bottom, so that materials falling from the discharge hopper B160 can flap on the second air equalizing plate B170, and the materials are dispersed so as to be convenient for air separation; the second air equalizing plate B170 is provided with a plurality of second air equalizing holes B171. A finished product channel B101, a mixing channel B102 and a shell channel B103 are arranged below the second air equalizing plate B170, and crushed aggregates after air separation are respectively output from the finished product channel B101, the mixing channel B102 and the shell channel B103, so that walnut shells, walnut kernels and mixed crushed aggregates (fine walnut kernels, crushed slag, walnut shells which are not completely separated from the walnut kernels and the like) are respectively output from the shell channel B103, the finished product channel B101 and the mixing channel B102, and air separation is completed. The shell channel B103, the finished product channel B101 and the mixing channel B102 are respectively formed by dividing the space between the inner sides of the two separating vertical plates B110 and the separating side plate B130 by a first channel frame B830 and a second channel frame B840, and the two sides of the first channel frame B830 and the second channel frame B840 are respectively assembled with the corresponding separating vertical plates B110; the finished product channel B101 is located below the discharge hopper B160, the housing channel B103 is located at the end farthest from the discharge hopper B160, and the mixing channel B102 is located between the housing channel B103 and the finished product channel B101. Preferably, the second shaft B840 is shorter than the first shaft B830, so that when the airflow mixed with the walnut shells and the mixed crushed aggregates passes through the mixing passage B102, the mixed crushed aggregates are heavier than the walnut shells and thus fall into the mixing passage B102 first to be output, and the walnut shells pass through the mixing passage B102 and then enter the shell passage B103 to be output.
During the use, the air current that air blast impeller B510 produced blows first wind hole B181, the wind hole B171 of second samming respectively to blow the crushed aggregates of mixing walnut kernel, walnut shell, first wind hole B181, the wind hole B171 of second samming make air current distribution even, consequently can evenly blow the material of following hopper output and guarantee the screening effect. Since the walnut shells have a lower density than the walnut kernels and are lighter than the walnut kernels, the walnut shells are blown to the shell passage B103 and then output, the walnut kernels have a higher density and a higher weight and then fall to the finished product passage B101 and then output, and the mixed crushed materials have a weight between the walnut kernels and the walnut shells and are output from the mixing passage B102. On one hand, the mode can avoid that the tiny walnut kernels are directly blown out to the shell channel B103 to cause the loss of the walnut kernels; on the other hand, the mixed crushed aggregates output by the mixing channel B102 can be separated again, so that the loss of walnut kernels is reduced, and the screening precision and efficiency are improved.
The two sides of the discharge hopper B160 are respectively assembled with a separation side plate B130 and an installation side plate B151, the installation side plate B151 is installed on an air duct top plate B150, and the air duct top plate B150 is installed above a first channel frame B830 and a second channel frame B840 to seal the tops of a shell channel B103, a finished product channel B101 and a mixing channel B102.
The two vertical separating plates B110 are provided with a plurality of upward throwing mechanisms B700 from the part communicated with the convergence cavity A141 to the part between the discharge hoppers B160 from top to bottom, the upward throwing mechanisms B700 are used for throwing the crushed walnuts upwards in an inclined way, so that the crushed walnuts (crushed materials) are impacted in the upward throwing process or after falling to separate walnut shells from walnut kernels quickly, and the efficiency and the effect of subsequent air separation are improved. The upper throwing mechanism B700 comprises an upper throwing plate B710, an upper throwing mounting plate B720, an upper throwing partition plate B730 and an upper throwing pull plate B740, wherein the upper throwing mounting plate B720 is assembled with the separating vertical plates B110 on the two sides, the top of the upper throwing plate B710 is hinged with the separating vertical plates B110 on the two sides through an upper throwing rotating shaft B310, one end of the upper throwing plate B710, which is far away from the upper throwing rotating shaft B310, is assembled and fixed with one end of a first pull rope B440, a pull rope connecting plate B711 is installed on the part of the upper throwing plate B710, which is positioned between the first pull rope B440 and the upper throwing rotating shaft B310, and the pull rope connecting plate B711 is assembled and fixed with one end of a second pull rope B450; the other ends of the first stay rope B440 and the second stay rope B450 are respectively connected and fixed with the top of an upper throwing convex block B741 and an upper throwing pull shaft B330 of an upper throwing pull plate B740, the upper throwing pull plate B740 is assembled with the top of an upper throwing guide shaft B350, the bottom of the upper throwing guide shaft B350 is arranged in a guide inner cylinder B341 of an upper throwing guide cylinder B340 and is assembled with an upper throwing ring B351, and the upper throwing ring B351 is clamped with the guide inner cylinder B341 and can be axially assembled in a sliding manner; the upper throwing guide cylinder B340 is arranged on the upper throwing installation plate B720; the first pull rope B440 and the second pull rope B450 are flexible, and the design enables the horizontal displacement generated by the upper throwing plate B710 to be offset through the flexibility of the first pull rope B440 and the second pull rope B450 in the process that the upper throwing plate B710 rotates around the upper throwing rotating shaft B310, so that the normal operation of the upper throwing plate B710 is ensured. The upper throwing plate B710 is disposed to be inclined downward from the end fitted with the upper throwing rotary shaft B310 to the end fitted with the first pulling rope B440, mainly to enable the crushed aggregates to be thrown obliquely upward toward the discharge hopper B160.
A first upper throwing spring B610 is sleeved on a portion of the upper throwing guide shaft B350 between the upper throwing ring B351 and the top surface of the guide inner cylinder B341, and the first upper throwing spring B610 is used for generating an elastic force for blocking the upper throwing ring B351 to move towards the upper throwing plate B710. A second upward-throwing spring B620 is installed in the guide inner cylinder B341 and between the upward-throwing ring B351 and the upward-throwing mounting plate B720, and the second upward-throwing spring B620 is used for generating an elastic force for blocking the upward movement of the upward-throwing mounting plate B720 by the upward-throwing ring B351. In use, the upper throwing pull shaft B330 drives the first pull rope B440 to move downward, thereby pulling the upper throwing plate B710 to rotate downward around the upper throwing rotating shaft B310. In the process, the upper throwing plate B710 presses the upper throwing plate B740, so that the upper throwing plate B740 moves down, the upper throwing plate B740 drives the upper throwing guide shaft B350 to overcome the elastic force of the second upper throwing spring B620 to drive the upper throwing ring B351 to move down to a position, and the second upper throwing spring B620 is pressed to store the elastic force. After the downward movement driving force of the upper throwing pull shaft B330 disappears, the elastic force of the second upper throwing spring B620 drives the upper throwing plate B710 to rotate rapidly upward, and the upper throwing plate B710 cannot rotate continuously when the first pull rope B440 reaches the tightened length, and the particles on the upper throwing plate B710 have inertia, so the particles are thrown obliquely out of the upper throwing plate B710. The second pull rope is tightened before the first pull rope B440 is tightened, so that the first upward throwing spring can be extruded to store elastic force, the upward throwing plate B710 rotates upwards to a maximum displacement point and can rotate reversely at a small angle through the elastic force of the first upward throwing spring, the speed difference between the upward throwing plate B710 and the crushed aggregates is greatly increased, and the crushed aggregates are thrown out more favorably.
The upper throwing pull shaft B330 penetrates through the upper throwing partition B730, and the upper throwing pull shaft B330 is clamped with the upper throwing partition B730 and can be axially assembled in a sliding manner; one end of the upper throwing pulling shaft B330, which penetrates through the upper throwing partition plate B730, is provided with a tooth socket B331; the upper throwing partition plate B730 is assembled with an upper throwing mounting plate B720 through a first upper throwing support plate B721 and a second upper throwing support plate B722 respectively, the first upper throwing support plate B721 and the second upper throwing support plate B722 are assembled with an upper throwing power shaft B360 in a circumferential rotating mode respectively, the upper throwing power shaft B360 penetrates through the second upper throwing support plate B722 and then is fixedly connected with an output shaft of an upper throwing motor B230 through a coupler, the upper throwing motor B230 is mounted on the second upper throwing support plate B722, and the upper throwing motor B230 can drive the upper throwing power shaft B360 to rotate circumferentially after being started; a half gear B520 is installed at the position, corresponding to the tooth socket B331, of the upper throwing power shaft B360, clamping teeth B521 distributed at intervals are arranged on the half gear B520, and the clamping teeth B521 can be meshed with the tooth socket B331 to form a gear-rack transmission mechanism. When the upper throwing power shaft B360 rotates circumferentially, the half gear B520 can be driven to rotate synchronously, when the latch B521 is meshed with the tooth groove B331, the latch drives the upper throwing pull shaft B330 to move downwards, so that the upper throwing plate B710 is pulled downwards, the latch is gradually separated from the tooth groove along with the rotation of the half gear B520, after the latch is separated from the tooth groove, the upper throwing plate B710 rotates upwards under the elastic force of a second upper throwing spring to reset, so that the upper throwing pull shaft B330 is driven to reset, the next latch is meshed with the tooth groove, and the reciprocating operation is carried out, so that the upper throwing plate continuously rotates to throw crushed aggregates.
Preferably, the upper throwing plates B710 of the respective upper throwing mechanisms B700 are sequentially assembled by an assembly in which one end of the upper throwing plate B710 of the upper throwing mechanism B700 near the first pull rope is positioned above one end of the upper throwing plate B710 of the next upper throwing mechanism B700 near the upper throwing rotating shaft B310 thereof. This design prevents debris from entering between two adjacent upper throwing plates B710.
The upper throwing plate B710 of the previous upper throwing mechanism B700 is assembled near its first pulling rope end with the upper throwing plate B710 of the next upper throwing mechanism B700 near its upper throwing rotating shaft B310 end through a second elastic band B420, and the second elastic band B420 closes the gap between two adjacent upper throwing plates B710, thereby further preventing the crushed aggregates from passing between the two adjacent upper throwing plates B710.
The upper polishing plate B710 of the uppermost upper polishing mechanism B700 is assembled with the separation top plate B120 at an end adjacent to the upper polishing rotation axis B310 thereof by a first elastic band B410, and the first elastic band B410 closes a gap between the upper polishing plate B710 of the uppermost upper polishing mechanism B700 and the separation top plate B120 to prevent the crushed aggregates from passing therethrough. The upper throwing plate B710 of the lowermost upper throwing mechanism B700 is assembled with the mounting side plate B151 near one end of the first pull string thereof by a third elastic band B430, and the third elastic band B430 closes a gap between the upper throwing plate B710 of the lowermost upper throwing mechanism B700 and the mounting side plate B151, thereby preventing the intrusion of crushed materials. The first elastic band B410, the second elastic band B420 and the third elastic band B430 are elastic, and the embodiment is made of elastic silicone.
Preferably, a dispersion plate B810 is installed above the upper parabolic plate B710, and a plurality of dispersion hemispheres B820 are installed on an end surface of the dispersion plate B810 facing the upper parabolic plate B710. During the use, the crushed aggregates are thrown to impact dispersion hemisphere B820 on one side, so that dispersion hemisphere B820 changes the falling direction of the crushed aggregates, the crushed aggregates are more evenly distributed on the upper throwing plate B710, the crushed aggregates finally entering the discharge hopper B160 are evenly distributed on the cross section of the discharge hopper B160, and the subsequent winnowing effect and efficiency are improved. The second air equalizing plate B170 is combined to block the crushed aggregates, so that the crushed aggregates are uniformly distributed again after being impacted, and the winnowing efficiency and effect can be further improved.
Preferably, a control box B220 is installed above the air duct top plate B150, a power supply for supplying power to each electric device is installed in the control box B220, and an industrial personal computer for controlling each electric device is already installed. This is the prior art, and this embodiment is not described again, and reference may be made to the existing motor power supply and control technology.
The invention is not described in detail, but is well known to those skilled in the art.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A shell and kernel separator is characterized by comprising two separating vertical plates, a separating top plate, two separating side plates, an air blowing shell, a discharge hopper and an upper throwing plate, wherein the two separating vertical plates are arranged in parallel, the tops of the two separating vertical plates are assembled with the separating top plate, one sides of the two shunting side plates are assembled with the separating side plates, the air blowing shell is arranged on the separating side plates, a hollow air blowing cavity is formed in the air blowing shell, an air blowing impeller is arranged in the air blowing cavity and sleeved on an air blowing shaft, the air blowing shaft and the air blowing shell can be assembled in a circumferential rotating mode, and one end of the air blowing shaft penetrates through the air blowing shell and then is connected and fixed with an output shaft of an air blowing motor;
a finished product channel, a mixing channel and a shell channel are arranged below the discharge hopper, and the walnut shells, the walnut kernels and the mixed crushed aggregates which are subjected to air separation are respectively output from the shell channel, the finished product channel and the mixing channel;
two sides of the discharge hopper are respectively assembled with the separation side plate and the installation side plate; an upper throwing plate is sequentially and obliquely arranged between the two vertical separating plates from one end far away from the discharge hopper to one end of the discharge hopper from top to bottom and is used for throwing the crushed aggregates upwards;
a plurality of upward throwing mechanisms are obliquely arranged between the two separating vertical plates from one end far away from the discharge hopper to one end of the discharge hopper, and gradually descend from top to bottom, and are used for throwing the crushed walnuts obliquely upward;
the upper throwing mechanism comprises an upper throwing plate, an upper throwing mounting plate, upper throwing partition plates and upper throwing pull plates, the upper throwing mounting plate is assembled with the separating vertical plates on the two sides, the top of the upper throwing plate is hinged with the separating vertical plates on the two sides through an upper throwing rotating shaft, one end of the upper throwing plate, far away from the upper throwing rotating shaft, is assembled and fixed with one end of a first pull rope, a pull rope connecting plate is installed on the part of the upper throwing plate, located between the first pull rope and the upper throwing rotating shaft, and the pull rope connecting plate is assembled and fixed with one end of a second pull rope; the other ends of the first pull rope and the second pull rope are respectively connected and fixed with an upper throwing lug of an upper throwing pull plate and the top of an upper throwing pull shaft, and the upper throwing pull plate is assembled with the top of an upper throwing guide shaft; the first pull rope and the second pull rope are flexible.
2. A shell and kernel separator as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first air equalizing plate is installed at the position where the separating side plate is communicated with the air blowing cavity, a plurality of first air equalizing holes are formed in the first air equalizing plate, a second air equalizing plate is installed between the two separating vertical plates and the separating side plate, is close to the first air equalizing plate, and is arranged below the discharge hopper, and the second air equalizing plate is gradually far away from the air blowing shell from top to bottom, so that materials falling from the discharge hopper can flap on the second air equalizing plate; a plurality of penetrating second air equalizing holes are formed in the second air equalizing plate; and a finished product channel, a mixing channel and a shell channel are arranged below the second air equalizing plate.
3. A shell and kernel separator according to claim 1, wherein the shell channel, the finished product channel and the mixing channel are respectively formed by a first channel frame and a second channel frame which divide the space between the two separating vertical plates and the inner sides of the separating side plates, and the two sides of the first channel frame and the second channel frame are respectively assembled with the corresponding separating vertical plates; the finished product channel is located below the discharge hopper, the shell channel is located at the end farthest away from the discharge hopper, and the mixing channel is located between the shell channel and the finished product channel.
4. A shell and kernel separator according to claim 1, wherein the mounting side plate is mounted on a top plate of an air duct, the top plate of the air duct is mounted above the first channel frame and the second channel frame to close the top of the shell channel, the finished product channel and the mixing channel; go up and throw the board top and install the dispersion board, the dispersion board is upwards to install several dispersion hemisphere on the one end terminal surface of throwing the board.
5. A shell and kernel separator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the upper throwing guide shaft is fitted into the guide inner cylinder of the upper throwing guide cylinder and assembled with an upper throwing ring which is engaged with the guide inner cylinder and axially slidably assembled; the upper throwing guide cylinder is arranged on the upper throwing mounting plate;
a first upper throwing spring is sleeved on a part of the upper throwing guide shaft, which is positioned between the upper throwing ring and the top surface of the guide inner cylinder, and the first upper throwing spring is used for generating elastic force for preventing the upper throwing ring from moving to the upper throwing plate;
a second upward throwing spring is arranged in the guide inner cylinder, between the upward throwing ring and the upward throwing mounting plate and used for generating elastic force for preventing the upward throwing ring from moving to the upward throwing mounting plate;
the upper throwing plate is downwards inclined from one end assembled with the upper throwing rotating shaft to one end assembled with the first pull rope.
6. A shell and kernel separator according to claim 5, wherein the upper throwing pulling shaft passes through the upper throwing partition plate, and the upper throwing pulling shaft is clamped with the upper throwing partition plate and can be axially assembled in a sliding manner; the upper throwing pull shaft penetrates through one end of the upper throwing partition plate and is provided with a tooth socket; the upper throwing partition plate is assembled with the upper throwing mounting plate through a first upper throwing support plate and a second upper throwing support plate respectively, the first upper throwing support plate and the second upper throwing support plate are assembled with an upper throwing power shaft in a circumferential rotating mode respectively, the upper throwing power shaft penetrates through the second upper throwing support plate and then is fixedly connected with an output shaft of an upper throwing motor, and the upper throwing motor is installed on the second upper throwing support plate; the upper throwing power shaft is provided with a half gear at the position corresponding to the tooth socket, the half gear is provided with clamping teeth distributed at intervals, and the clamping teeth can be meshed with the tooth socket to form a gear rack transmission mechanism.
7. A shell and kernel separator according to claim 1 wherein the upper throwing plate of each upper throwing mechanism is assembled in sequence by the assembly of the upper throwing plate of the upper throwing mechanism adjacent to one end of the first pull rope thereof above the upper throwing plate of the lower throwing mechanism adjacent to one end of the upper throwing rotating shaft thereof.
8. A shell and kernel separator according to claim 1, wherein one end of the upper throwing plate of the upper throwing mechanism near the first pull rope is assembled with one end of the upper throwing plate of the next upper throwing mechanism near the upper throwing rotating shaft through a second elastic belt, and the second elastic belt closes the gap between two adjacent upper throwing plates;
one end, close to an upper throwing rotating shaft, of an upper throwing plate of the uppermost upper throwing mechanism is assembled with the separation top plate through a first elastic belt, and a gap between the upper throwing plate of the uppermost upper throwing mechanism and the separation top plate is sealed through the first elastic belt;
one end, close to the first pull rope, of the upper throwing plate of the lowermost upper throwing mechanism is assembled with the mounting side plate through a third elastic belt, and the third elastic belt seals a gap between the upper throwing plate of the lowermost upper throwing mechanism and the mounting side plate; the first elastic belt, the second elastic belt and the third elastic belt are elastic.
9. A full-automatic walnut sheller is characterized in that a shell and kernel separator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is applied.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010988857.4A CN112295918B (en) | 2020-09-18 | 2020-09-18 | Shell and kernel separator and full-automatic walnut sheller thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010988857.4A CN112295918B (en) | 2020-09-18 | 2020-09-18 | Shell and kernel separator and full-automatic walnut sheller thereof |
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| CN112295918A CN112295918A (en) | 2021-02-02 |
| CN112295918B true CN112295918B (en) | 2021-08-27 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115349643B (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2023-05-12 | 四川农业大学 | Green walnut skin cutting, cleaning and grading integrated machine |
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| GB1186229A (en) * | 1967-10-23 | 1970-04-02 | Vickers Ltd | Improvements relating to Apparatus for Separating Particles from a Gas Stream into Classified Groups. |
| EP0170301A2 (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1986-02-05 | Fläkt Aktiebolag | A method and an apparatus for processing domestic refuse |
| CN101767091A (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2010-07-07 | 新疆农业大学 | Nut shell and kernel separating device |
| CN103341447A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-10-09 | 青岛理工大学 | Walnut shell and kernel nest roller vibrating screen wind power separation device |
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| CN112295918A (en) | 2021-02-02 |
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