CN112290207A - Communication is with wide angle scanning antenna unit of broadband - Google Patents
Communication is with wide angle scanning antenna unit of broadband Download PDFInfo
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- CN112290207A CN112290207A CN202011082791.9A CN202011082791A CN112290207A CN 112290207 A CN112290207 A CN 112290207A CN 202011082791 A CN202011082791 A CN 202011082791A CN 112290207 A CN112290207 A CN 112290207A
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication, and belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas. The antenna unit comprises a rectangular patch, a first core plate, a first prepreg, a second core plate, a second prepreg, a gap coupling feed layer, a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity and a radio frequency metal ground which are sequentially laminated together; the slot coupling feed layer is connected with the radio frequency metal ground through the metalized shielding via holes distributed on the edge of the radio frequency metal ground to form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity; the vertical feed through hole penetrates through the first core plate, the first prepreg, the second core plate, the second prepreg, the gap coupling feed layer, the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity and the radio frequency metal ground; the dielectric constant of the first core plate is lower than that of the filling medium in the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, and the dielectric constants of the first prepreg, the second prepreg and the second core plate are lower than that of the first core plate. The invention has the advantages of low profile, wide angle and broadband scanning, low cost, integrated printing form and excellent electrical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna microwave, and particularly relates to a broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication.
Background
Compared with the current commercial fourth generation mobile communication technology, the data transmission rate of the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) will increase by tens of times to thousands of megabits per second (Gbps), the end-to-end delay performance will decrease from tens of milliseconds to milliseconds, and the system capacity and the number of connectable devices will also increase by more than a hundred times. The 5G network is commercial, will bring revolutionary change for concepts such as wisdom city, thing networking, car networking, unmanned aerial vehicle network to bring the apparent improvement of fields efficiency such as industry, medical treatment, safety, contain huge economy and social.
The 5G large-scale active phased array antenna is one of the core key technologies for constructing a 5G large-scale MIMO system. Different from the traditional base station antenna, the large-scale MIMO antenna adopts a novel base station antenna framework which is large-scale, fully active, miniaturized and efficient, supports multi-user beam intelligent forming, reduces interference among users and improves wireless signal coverage performance. The large-scale antenna can greatly improve the total frequency spectrum efficiency of a cell and the frequency spectrum efficiency of edge users through the modes of array gain, interference suppression and the like. Meanwhile, the larger array gain reduces the transmitting power and the energy consumption of the base station. However, active phased array antenna arrays in the millimeter wave band present significant design difficulties and challenges to the system, especially for low cost and high integration implementations of the antenna elements.
The radiation characteristics of the phased array depend on the design of the antenna elements and the array mode of the elements, and the different form selection of the antenna elements also influences the structure of the phased array and the design of the feed network. The performance meets the technical index requirements, the low-cost and high-integration-degree antenna unit which can work in a specified frequency band and support wide-angle scanning can be realized, and the antenna unit is the first task for developing millimeter wave 5G phased array antennas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wide-band and wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication, which has the advantages of low profile, wide-angle and wide-band scanning, low cost, integrated printing form and excellent electrical performance.
Specifically, in one aspect, the present invention provides a wideband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communications, including a rectangular patch, a first core board, a first prepreg, a second core board, a second prepreg, a slot-coupled feed layer, a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, and a radio frequency metal ground, which are sequentially laminated together;
a square hole is formed in the gap coupling feed layer, and the center of the rectangular patch is consistent with that of the square hole; the slot coupling feed layer is connected with the radio frequency metal ground through the metalized shielding via holes distributed on the edge of the radio frequency metal ground to form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity;
the communication broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit further comprises a vertical feed through hole, and the vertical feed through hole penetrates through the first core plate, the first prepreg, the second core plate, the second prepreg, the gap coupling feed layer, the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity and the radio frequency metal ground;
the dielectric constant of the first core board is lower than that of the filling medium in the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, and the dielectric constants of the first prepreg, the second prepreg and the second core board are lower than that of the first core board.
Furthermore, the vertical feed through hole is formed in the middle of the antenna unit and on the midline extension line of the rectangular patch.
Furthermore, the broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication further comprises two rows of metalized adjusting through holes symmetrically arranged on two sides of the vertical feed through hole, and the two rows of metalized adjusting through holes are connected with the gap coupling feed layer and the radio frequency metal ground.
Further, the metalized adjusting via holes comprise a plurality of via holes which are vertically distributed on the plane of the slot coupling feed layer.
Further, the dielectric constant of the second core board is lower than the dielectric constants of the first prepreg and the second prepreg.
Further, the dielectric constant of the first core board is 6.15, the dielectric constants of the first prepreg and the second prepreg are 2.8, the dielectric constant of the second core board is 2.2, and the dielectric constant of the filling medium in the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity is 10.2.
The broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication has the following beneficial effects:
the broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication of the invention has excellent electrical performance: by introducing multiple layers of media and reducing the relative dielectric constant of the media connecting the rectangular patch and the slot coupling feed layer, the bandwidth of the antenna is effectively expanded; the patch unit is fed by adopting vertical via holes, a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity and slot coupling, and compared with the traditional microstrip slot coupling, the patch unit can also avoid backward radiation and effectively reduce the interference between the radiation unit and a back-end network and a circuit; through increasing the relative dielectric constant of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity medium, the switching and unit size are reduced; through tests, the broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication can realize two-dimensional +/-60-degree scanning within the working frequency band of 27-29GHz, and the scanning standing wave is less than 2.
The invention provides a wide-band and wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication, which can realize low-profile integrated integration: the standardized printed board technology is adopted for integration, the low-profile unit can be integrated with the rear-end circuit in a traditional welding or integrated design mode, the implementation mode is flexible, and the profile height of the whole antenna can be only 0.952 mm.
The invention discloses a wide-band wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication, which has low processing cost of hardware: the antenna unit is realized by adopting a standardized printed board process through pressing, the integrally integrated antenna unit avoids an air cavity interlayer structure in the traditional unit, the thickness of the antenna section is reduced, the process complexity is reduced, and the processing cost of the antenna unit is further reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the plane a-a of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a layer in which a rectangular patch is located according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a top view of a slot-coupled feed layer of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a top view of a slot-coupled feed layer and a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a periodic boundary H-plane scanning standing wave according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a periodic boundary E-surface scanning standing wave in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
1-rectangular patch; 2-vertical feed via holes; 3-a slot coupling feed layer; 4-substrate integrated waveguide back cavity; 5-radio frequency metal ground; 6-metallization shielded vias; 7-metallization of the conditioning vias; 8-a first core plate; 9-a first semi-cured sheet; 10-a second core plate; 11-second prepreg.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
One embodiment of the invention is a broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication. As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the wideband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communications in this embodiment adopts a standardized printed board process, and includes a rectangular patch 1, a first core board 8, a first prepreg 9, a second core board 10, a second prepreg 11, a slot coupling feed layer 3, a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4, and a radio frequency metal ground 5, which are sequentially laminated together. Wherein, a square hole 301 is arranged on the slot coupling feed layer 3, and the center of the rectangular patch 1 is consistent with the center of the square hole 301. The slot coupling feed layer 3 and the radio frequency metal ground 5 are connected through the metalized shielding through holes 6 distributed on the edge of the radio frequency metal ground 5 to form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4, so that the interference among array units is reduced, the bandwidth performance of an antenna unit can be expanded, and the surface wave of a high-dielectric-constant dielectric layer is inhibited. And the vertical feed through hole 2 penetrates through the first core board 8, the first prepreg 9, the second core board 10, the second prepreg 11, the slot coupling feed layer 3, the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 and the radio frequency metal ground 5. Adopting a radio frequency coaxial interface, feeding a feed excitation signal into a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 through a vertical feed via hole 2, feeding the rectangular patch 1 through a slot coupling feed layer 3, and finally radiating to a free space; by adopting the slot coupling excitation rectangular patch 1, the bandwidth of the antenna can be expanded, the cross polarization component can be reduced, the scanning angle can be increased, and the excellent electrical performance of wide-angle scanning of the broadband can be realized. In another embodiment, the vertical feed via 2 is placed in the middle of the antenna element, on the midline extension of the rectangular patch 1. The radio frequency feed interface 2 can be interconnected with an external network by adopting a press-fit connector, can be integrated with a back-end circuit by adopting a traditional welding mode, and can even be integrally designed and integrated with the back-end network, and the structure of the whole antenna unit has the advantages of low section, integration, high reliability, simple process, low cost and the like. The radio frequency metal ground 5 is used for isolating the antenna unit and the back-end circuit, so that the connection between the antenna unit and the back-end circuit is facilitated while interference is reduced. In another embodiment, two rows of metallized tuning vias 7 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the vertical feed via 2, connecting the slot coupling feed layer 3 and the rf metal ground 5. The metallized adjusting via holes 7 comprise a plurality of via holes which are vertically distributed on the plane of the slot coupling feed layer 3, can be arranged in a cross shape, a T shape or other shapes, and are used for adjusting the switching performance from the vertical feed via holes 2 to the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 and ensuring the broadband low-loss transmission of radio frequency signals.
The broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication is realized by adopting a standardized printed board process and integrating through pressing. The dielectric constant of the first core board 8 is lower than that of the medium filled in the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4, and the dielectric constants of the first prepreg 9, the second prepreg 11 and the second core board 10 are lower than that of the first core board 8. By introducing multiple layers of media, the relative dielectric constant of the media of the intermediate layer (including the first prepreg 9, the second core board 10 and the second prepreg 11) below the layer (namely the first core board 8) where the rectangular patch 1 is located can be reduced, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded; the low-dielectric-constant material is integrally processed and integrated, the rectangular patch 1 and the gap coupling feed layer 3 are connected, the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded, an air cavity is prevented from being formed, and the process difficulty and the processing cost are reduced. By increasing the relative dielectric constant of the medium of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4, the height and the size of an antenna unit are effectively reduced while the broadband low-loss switching function from the vertical feed via hole 2 to the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 is realized, so that the overall size of the antenna is controlled. Preferably, the dielectric constant of the second core board is lower than the dielectric constants of the first prepreg and the second prepreg.
In order to meet the index requirement of 5G high-frequency band broadband wide-angle scanning, full-wave electromagnetic simulation software can be utilized to optimally design the structural size of the antenna unit. In the process of optimization design, the sizes and positions of the rectangular patch 1, the slot coupling feed layer 3 and the square hole 301 thereof, the vertical feed via hole 2 and the metallization adjusting via hole 7 can be adjusted, so that antenna units with different working frequency bands are realized, and the index requirements of the active phased array are met.
Taking the antenna design center working frequency as 28GHz as an example, the specific size and material parameters of the broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication can be obtained through simulation software, so that the broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit has the advantages of low section, wide-angle broadband scanning, low cost, integrated printing form and excellent electrical performance. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the whole size of the antenna unit is 5mm multiplied by 0.952 mm;
the thicknesses of the radio frequency metal ground 5, the gap coupling feed layer 3 and the rectangular patch 1 are all 0.017 mm;
the heights of the metallized shielding via hole 6, the metallized adjusting via hole 7 and the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 are all 0.28mm, the relative dielectric constant of a medium filled in the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 is 10.2, and the diameters of the metallized shielding via hole 6 and the metallized adjusting via hole 7 are all 0.3 mm;
the rectangular patch 1 is formed by laminating a first core plate 8 with a relative dielectric constant of 6.15 and a thickness of 0.254, a prepreg 9 with a relative dielectric constant of 2.8 and a thickness of 0.12, a core plate 10 with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.127, and a prepreg 11 with a relative dielectric constant of 2.8 and a thickness of 0.12 from top to bottom to the gap coupling feed layer 3 respectively;
the height of the vertical feed through hole 2 is 0.935 mm;
the size of the rectangular patch 1 is 3.58mm multiplied by 2.12mm, and the deviation is 0.92mm from the center of the antenna unit;
the size of the coupling slot 3 is 2.62mm multiplied by 0.6mm, and the deviation is 0.92mm from the center of the antenna unit;
the diameter of an inner core of the vertical feed through hole 2 is 0.3mm, the diameter of an outer ring is 0.45mm, and the inner core deviates from the center of the antenna unit by 0.86 mm;
the metallization adjustment via 7 is offset from the antenna element center by a distance of (1.45mm, 0.82 mm).
The E-plane scanning standing wave index of the broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication provided by the embodiment is as shown in fig. 8, and the standing wave VSWR within the scanning range of ± 60 ° of the E-plane can be less than or equal to 2 within the working frequency band of 27.0-29.0 GHz.
The H-plane scanning standing wave index of the wide-band wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication provided by the embodiment is as shown in fig. 9, and the standing wave VSWR within the scanning range of the H-plane ± 60 ° can be less than or equal to 2 within the working frequency band of 27.0-29.0 GHz.
The broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication of the invention has excellent electrical performance: by introducing multiple layers of media and reducing the relative dielectric constant of the rectangular patch media, the bandwidth of the antenna is effectively expanded; the patch unit is fed by adopting vertical via holes, a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity and slot coupling, and compared with the traditional microstrip slot coupling, the patch unit can also avoid backward radiation and effectively reduce the interference between the radiation unit and a back-end network and a circuit; through increasing the relative dielectric constant of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity medium, the switching and unit size are reduced; through tests, the broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication can realize two-dimensional +/-60-degree scanning within the working frequency band of 27-29GHz, and the scanning standing wave is less than 2.
The invention provides a wide-band and wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication, which can realize low-profile integrated integration: the low-profile antenna is integrated with a rear-end circuit in a traditional welding or integrated design mode, the implementation mode is flexible, and the profile height of the whole antenna can be only 0.952 mm.
The invention discloses a wide-band wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication, which has low processing cost of hardware: the antenna unit is integrally integrated by adopting a standardized printed board process and twice pressing, so that an air cavity interlayer structure in the traditional unit is avoided, the thickness of the antenna section is reduced, the process complexity is reduced, and the processing cost of the antenna unit is further reduced.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the embodiment. Any equivalent changes or modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention also belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention should therefore be determined with reference to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication is characterized by comprising a rectangular patch, a first core plate, a first prepreg, a second core plate, a second prepreg, a gap coupling feed layer, a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity and a radio frequency metal ground which are sequentially laminated together;
a square hole is formed in the gap coupling feed layer, and the center of the rectangular patch is consistent with that of the square hole; the slot coupling feed layer is connected with the radio frequency metal ground through the metalized shielding via holes distributed on the edge of the radio frequency metal ground to form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity;
the communication broadband wide-angle scanning antenna unit further comprises a vertical feed through hole, and the vertical feed through hole penetrates through the first core plate, the first prepreg, the second core plate, the second prepreg, the gap coupling feed layer, the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity and the radio frequency metal ground;
the dielectric constant of the first core board is lower than that of the filling medium in the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, and the dielectric constants of the first prepreg, the second prepreg and the second core board are lower than that of the first core board.
2. The wide-band wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communication of claim 1, wherein the vertical feed via is disposed on the midline extension of the rectangular patch in the middle of the antenna unit.
3. The wide-band wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communications according to claim 1, further comprising two rows of metallized tuning vias symmetrically disposed on either side of the vertical feed via, connecting the slot coupling feed layer and the radio frequency metal ground.
4. The wide-band wide-angle scanning antenna unit for communications according to claim 3, wherein the metallized tuning vias comprise vias that are distributed perpendicular to each other in a plane in which the slot-coupled feed layer is located.
5. The wide-angle scanning broadband antenna unit for communications according to claim 1, wherein the second core board has a dielectric constant lower than that of the first prepreg and the second prepreg.
6. The unit of claim 5, wherein the first core board has a dielectric constant of 6.15, the first prepreg and the second prepreg have a dielectric constant of 2.8, the second core board has a dielectric constant of 2.2, and the dielectric constant of the filling medium in the cavity behind the substrate integrated waveguide is 10.2.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011082791.9A CN112290207B (en) | 2020-10-10 | 2020-10-10 | Wide-bandwidth angle scanning antenna unit for communication |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011082791.9A CN112290207B (en) | 2020-10-10 | 2020-10-10 | Wide-bandwidth angle scanning antenna unit for communication |
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| CN112290207A true CN112290207A (en) | 2021-01-29 |
| CN112290207B CN112290207B (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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| CN117353047A (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2024-01-05 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna unit and array thereof |
| CN117353047B (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2024-05-17 | 广州程星通信科技有限公司 | Broadband wide-angle scanning phased array antenna unit and array thereof |
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| CN112290207B (en) | 2024-04-19 |
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