CN110112580B - Circular waveguide dual-frequency common-aperture antenna based on structural multiplexing - Google Patents

Circular waveguide dual-frequency common-aperture antenna based on structural multiplexing Download PDF

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CN110112580B
CN110112580B CN201910388307.6A CN201910388307A CN110112580B CN 110112580 B CN110112580 B CN 110112580B CN 201910388307 A CN201910388307 A CN 201910388307A CN 110112580 B CN110112580 B CN 110112580B
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antenna
circular waveguide
frequency
antennas
metal copper
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CN110112580A (en
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程钰间
丁嫣然
夏飞扬
赵凡
刘彦
柏航
樊勇
张波
林先其
宋开军
赵明华
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of common-caliber antennas, and provides a circular waveguide dual-frequency common-caliber antenna based on structural reuse, which is used for solving the problems of low caliber utilization rate, most even frequency ratio and low antenna isolation of the traditional dual-frequency common-caliber antenna array. The invention utilizes the metal closed structure of the cylindrical waveguide, adopts four circular waveguide antennas and auxiliary metallized through holes among the four circular waveguide antennas to jointly form the side wall of the cavity-backed antenna, and then opens a radiation gap at the center of the cavity-backed antenna to form the cavity-backed slot antenna; moreover, the antenna design with the frequency ratio being the non-even ratio can be carried out by adjusting the distance between the circular waveguides; the antenna layout under the structural multiplexing of the invention does not generate extra caliber area, and the utilization rate of the caliber of the antenna is improved; and moreover, by utilizing the high-pass characteristic of the circular waveguide and adopting a non-open type radiation structure, the isolation between the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas can be improved.

Description

Circular waveguide dual-frequency common-aperture antenna based on structural multiplexing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of common-caliber antennas, and particularly relates to a circular waveguide dual-frequency common-caliber antenna based on structural multiplexing.
Background
The traditional common-aperture antenna can place multiple frequency bands, multiple polarizations and multiple functional multiple antennas in the same radiation aperture, so that the aperture utilization rate of the system is greatly improved. However, as the millimeter wave frequency band becomes the main frequency band used in the new generation of wireless technology, multiple high frequency band antennas also face the requirement of common-aperture integration, and as the frequency rises and the frequency ratio range expands, the existing common-aperture mode is difficult to realize the antenna arrangement with the non-even frequency ratio, the traditional layout mode results in a lower aperture utilization rate, and the requirement of higher channel isolation is difficult to meet in performance.
Based on the background, the traditional millimeter wave common-aperture antenna adopts a staggered arrangement mode to carry out double-frequency common-aperture layout. For example, in the documents "G.M Gao, y.m.zhang, a.li, j.m.zhao and h.cheng," Shared-Aperture Ku/Ka Bands Microstrip Array Feeds for parallel cellular Reflector ", International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), pp.1028-1030, may.2010", the Ka and Ku Bands are in the form of rectangular Microstrip patch antennas and cross Microstrip patch antennas, respectively, and the radiating elements of different frequencies are interleaved, the antenna frequency ratio is 2, the antenna Aperture footprint is larger, and the open radiating structure of the patch results in a lower channel isolation between the two frequency antennas.
For another example, in the documents "l.yi, h.yan, m.y.dai, h.wang and h.yang," Design of a Ka/Ku Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Array ", Asia-scientific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), pp.369-371 jul.2014", the Ku and Ka Band antenna cross dielectric resonator Antennas and the rectangular microstrip antenna patch form, antenna elements of two frequencies are also placed in a staggered manner, the antenna frequency ratio of the layout is still 2, and the antenna aperture occupies a large area. In addition, although the ring resonator antenna is adopted in the antenna design, the antenna still has an open radiation structure, and the distance between the antennas cannot be improved.
It can be found that the layout mode of the common-caliber antenna of the existing millimeter wave antenna is mostly staggered layout, the frequency ratio is mostly even ratio, the occupied area of the antenna caliber is large, the utilization rate of the antenna caliber is low, the open type radiation structure causes insufficient isolation among antennas in different frequency bands, and the technical requirement can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a circular waveguide dual-frequency common-aperture antenna based on structural reuse, aiming at the problems that the traditional common-aperture layout is difficult to use due to the fact that the frequency ratio is a non-even ratio, and the antenna aperture utilization rate is low and the distance between antennas is insufficient due to the traditional layout mode; the invention is based on the concept of structural multiplexing, and meets the design requirements of two frequency band antennas.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a circular waveguide dual-frequency common-aperture antenna based on structural multiplexing comprises: a lower metal copper-clad layer 24, a dielectric layer 23 and an upper metal copper-clad layer 22 which are sequentially laminated from bottom to top; the dielectric layer 23 is provided with four circular grooves with the same size and positioned at four corners of the dielectric layer respectively, the circular grooves penetrate through the upper metal copper-clad layer 22, the dielectric layer 23 and the lower metal copper-clad layer 24, and the inner wall of each circular groove is metalized to form a circular waveguide antenna, namely the antenna radiation structure 1; the circular waveguide antennas are also provided with an auxiliary metalized through hole between every two circular waveguide antennas, and the auxiliary metalized through holes 31, 32, 33 and 34 penetrate through the lower metal copper-clad layer 24, the dielectric layer 23 and the upper metal copper-clad layer 22; the center of the upper metal copper-clad layer is provided with a radiation slot 21, four circular waveguide antennas and four auxiliary metalized through holes are used as side walls, and the lower metal copper-clad layer 24, the dielectric layer 23, the upper metal copper-clad layer 22 and the radiation slot 21 form the cavity-backed slot antenna 2 together.
Furthermore, the length of the radiation gap is 3/8-5/8 of the working wavelength.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: by utilizing a closed structure of the circular waveguide, four circular waveguide antennas working under a given frequency band and auxiliary metallized through holes among the four circular waveguide antennas form a side wall of another frequency band back cavity antenna together, and then a radiation slot is formed in the center of a back cavity to form a back cavity type slot antenna, namely the four circular waveguide antennas and four auxiliary structures form a back cavity type slot antenna together; moreover, the antenna design with the frequency ratio of non-even ratio can be carried out by adjusting the distance between the circular waveguides, the antenna layout under the structural multiplexing does not generate extra caliber area, and the utilization rate of the caliber of the antenna is improved; and finally, the isolation between the high-frequency and low-frequency antennas can be improved by utilizing the high-pass characteristic of the circular waveguide and the non-open radiation structure.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. based on the concept of structural reuse, the circular waveguide antenna and the auxiliary metallization structure can form a side wall structure of the cavity-backed slot antenna, the frequency ratio of the antenna can be set to be a non-even ratio, the aperture of the antenna is not additionally increased, and the aperture utilization rate of the antenna is improved;
2. the feed structure of the invention is separated, and the feed form is various, can meet the demands of different occasions;
3. according to the invention, the isolation between the antennas is improved greatly by utilizing the high-pass characteristic and the non-open radiation structure of the circular waveguide.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dual-frequency common-aperture array antenna based on structural multiplexing according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dual-frequency common-aperture array antenna radiator multiplexing based on the structural multiplexing of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a side sectional view of a dual-band common-aperture array antenna based on structural multiplexing according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dual-band common-aperture antenna with 3 × 3 array size based on structural multiplexing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the figures and examples.
The present embodiment provides a circular waveguide dual-band common aperture array antenna based on structural multiplexing, a 2 × 2 array of which is shown in fig. 1, wherein the circular waveguide dual-band common aperture array antenna includes: 1 and 4 auxiliary structures of 4 circular waveguide antennas, namely 1 cavity-backed slot antenna; the working frequency ratio of the antenna in the embodiment can be an even ratio or a non-even ratio, the circular waveguide antenna and the cavity-backed slot antenna are fused by using the structural particularity, the aperture area of the antenna is not additionally increased, and the isolation between the two frequency antennas is improved by the high-pass characteristic of the circular waveguide and the non-open radiation structure of the circular waveguide.
In this embodiment, the structure of the antenna unit is as shown in fig. 2; the method comprises the following steps: a lower metal copper-clad layer 24, a dielectric layer 23 and an upper metal copper-clad layer 22 which are sequentially laminated from bottom to top; four circular grooves with the same size are formed in the dielectric layer 23 and are respectively positioned at four corners of the dielectric layer, the circular grooves penetrate through the upper metal copper-clad layer 22, the dielectric layer 23 and the lower metal copper-clad layer 24, and the inner wall of each circular groove is metalized to form the circular waveguide antenna 1; the circular waveguide antennas are also provided with an auxiliary metallized through hole 3 between each two circular waveguide antennas, and the auxiliary metallized through holes 31, 32, 33 and 34 penetrate through the lower metal copper-clad layer 24, the dielectric layer 23 and the upper metal copper-clad layer 22; a radiation slot 21 is formed in the center of the upper metal copper-clad layer, four circular waveguide antennas and four auxiliary metalized through holes are used as side walls, and the lower metal copper-clad layer 24, the dielectric layer 23, the upper metal copper-clad layer 22 and the radiation slot 21 form a cavity-backed slot antenna 2 together; the length of the radiation gap is 3/8-5/8 of the working wavelength; the depth of the circular groove is equal to the total thickness of the lower metal copper-clad layer 24, the dielectric layer 23 and the upper metal copper-clad layer 22;
based on the antenna radiation structure, the corresponding feed structure has various forms, and the circular waveguide antenna can adopt coaxial feed or Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) slot coupling feed; similarly, the cavity-backed slot antenna may also be fed by coaxial feed and SIW slot coupling feed, or by microstrip line back coupling slot feed.
In this embodiment, according to a required operating frequency band, whether a medium with a certain dielectric constant is filled in the waveguide antenna may be selected, and the frequency ratio of the two radiation antennas in the multiplexing structure may be an even ratio or a non-even ratio.
Furthermore, the structure can properly increase the number or the spacing of the circular waveguide antennas according to the designed frequency ratio requirement, the number of the metallized through holes in the auxiliary structure can be increased or decreased according to the actual requirement, and the cavity-backed slot antenna can be increased to double slots or multiple slots according to the requirement; in addition, the antenna array can be expanded to be 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4 or even larger scale to obtain other requirements such as higher gain; as shown in fig. 4, is a 3 × 3 dual-band common aperture antenna.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

Claims (2)

1. A circular waveguide dual-frequency common-aperture antenna based on structural multiplexing comprises: a lower metal copper-clad layer (24), a dielectric layer (23) and an upper metal copper-clad layer (22) which are sequentially laminated from bottom to top; the dielectric layer (23) is square, four circular grooves with the same size are formed in the dielectric layer (23) and are respectively positioned at four corners of the dielectric layer, the circular grooves penetrate through the upper metal copper-clad layer (22), the dielectric layer (23) and the lower metal copper-clad layer (24), and the inner wall of each circular groove is metalized to form a circular waveguide antenna (1); an auxiliary metalized through hole is also respectively arranged between two adjacent circular waveguide antennas, and the auxiliary metalized through holes (31, 32, 33 and 34) penetrate through the lower metal copper-clad layer (24), the dielectric layer (23) and the upper metal copper-clad layer (22); the center of the upper metal copper-clad layer is provided with a radiation slot (21), four circular waveguide antennas and four auxiliary metalized through holes are used as side walls, and the lower metal copper-clad layer (24), the dielectric layer (23), the upper metal copper-clad layer (22) and the radiation slot (21) jointly form a cavity-backed slot antenna (2).
2. The circular waveguide dual-band common-aperture antenna based on structural multiplexing according to claim 1, wherein the length of the radiation slot is 3/8 to 5/8 of the operating wavelength.
CN201910388307.6A 2018-08-30 2019-05-10 Circular waveguide dual-frequency common-aperture antenna based on structural multiplexing Active CN110112580B (en)

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CN201910388307.6A CN110112580B (en) 2019-05-10 2019-05-10 Circular waveguide dual-frequency common-aperture antenna based on structural multiplexing
US16/556,258 US10879616B2 (en) 2018-08-30 2019-08-30 Shared-aperture antenna

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CN113809520B (en) * 2021-08-13 2023-09-26 华南理工大学 Dual-frequency antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide isolation

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