CN112290062B - Hydrogen safety test system of fuel cell automobile - Google Patents
Hydrogen safety test system of fuel cell automobile Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 328
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 328
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 308
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009781 safety test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 144
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04447—Concentration; Density of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen safety test system of a fuel cell automobile, which comprises: the hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen transmission pipeline communicated with the hydrogen storage device, a first pressure sensor and a flow control device which are arranged on the hydrogen transmission pipeline, a hydrogen concentration detection module and a test pipeline; one end of the test pipeline is used for being communicated with the hydrogen conveying pipeline, and the other end of the test pipeline is used for being fixed at a potential leakage point of the fuel cell automobile; the hydrogen concentration detection module comprises a plurality of hydrogen concentration sensors. The hydrogen safety testing system of the fuel cell automobile simulates flowing and leakage of hydrogen in the operation process of the fuel cell automobile, detects the hydrogen concentration of potential leak points leaked under the set pressure and the set flow by using the pressure sensor, the flow control device and the hydrogen concentration sensor, obtains the leakage condition of the potential leak points, reasonably arranges the hydrogen concentration sensor according to the leakage condition, improves the safety of the whole automobile, reduces the potential safety hazard, avoids arranging an unnecessary hydrogen concentration sensor and reduces the cost of the whole automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell automobiles, in particular to a hydrogen safety testing system of a fuel cell automobile.
Background
The fuel cell automobile is gradually popularized and applied as a zero-emission and pollution-free carrying tool. The fuel cell vehicle usually adopts a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage mode, and the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen enters the electric pile after passing through the multistage pressure reduction device and the pressure control device and is subjected to electrochemical reaction with oxygen in the air.
In a fuel cell automobile, a hydrogen system relates to three parts of high pressure, medium pressure and low pressure. The high pressure can reach 35MPa, even 70MPa; the pressure level of the medium pressure is typically about 2MPa and the pressure level of the low pressure is about 300kPaA.
The hydrogen system is composed of a plurality of parts and modules, and a plurality of potential leakage points exist at the joints of the parts. If a hydrogen concentration sensor on the vehicle does not detect the leakage and the aggregation of the hydrogen in time, a large amount of hydrogen is easily leaked, and hydrogen potential safety hazards are generated; if the hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged too much, detection cost is high.
In summary, how to perform hydrogen safety testing on a fuel cell vehicle to reduce potential safety hazards and vehicle cost is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen safety test system for a fuel cell automobile, which is used for carrying out hydrogen safety test on the fuel cell automobile so as to reduce potential safety hazards and the whole automobile cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen safety test system for a fuel cell vehicle, comprising:
the hydrogen storage device comprises a hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen, a hydrogen conveying pipeline communicated with the hydrogen storage device, a first pressure sensor and a flow control device which are arranged on the hydrogen conveying pipeline, a hydrogen concentration detection module and a test pipeline;
the flow control device is used for detecting and controlling the flow of the hydrogen conveying pipeline;
one end of the test pipeline is used for being communicated with the hydrogen conveying pipeline, and the other end of the test pipeline is used for being fixed at a potential leakage point of the fuel cell automobile;
the first pressure sensor is located upstream of the flow control device;
the hydrogen concentration detection module comprises a plurality of hydrogen concentration sensors, and the hydrogen concentration sensors are used for detecting the hydrogen concentration leaked from the potential leakage points.
Preferably, the hydrogen transportation pipeline includes: the hydrogen transportation system comprises a hydrogen transportation main pipeline, at least two flow regulating branches which are communicated with the hydrogen transportation main pipeline;
the flow control device comprises a flow controller arranged on the flow regulating branch;
the flow controllers correspond to the flow adjusting branches one by one, and the measuring ranges of any two flow controllers are different.
Preferably, at least one of the flow controllers comprises a flow meter and a capillary tube in series, and the capillary tube is the test line;
and/or at least one of the flow controllers comprises a flow regulation controller;
the flow meter is used for detecting the flow of the flow regulating branch where the flow meter is located, and the capillary tube is used for controlling the flow of the flow regulating branch where the capillary tube is located; the flow regulating controller is used for detecting and controlling the flow of the flow regulating branch in which the flow regulating controller is positioned.
Preferably, the number of the flow controllers is five, and the ranges of the five flow controllers are respectively as follows: 0 to a 1 、0～a 2 、0～a 3 、0～a 4 、0～a 5 ；
Wherein, a 1 The value range of (a) is 0.005 NL/min-0.01 NL/min 2 The value range of (a) is 0.05-0.1 NL/min 3 The value range of (a) is 1 NL/min-10 NL/min 4 The value range of (a) is 50 NL/min-100 NL/min 5 The value range of (A) is 150 NL/min-200 NL/min.
Preferably, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further includes a pressure regulating device, wherein the hydrogen delivery line includes: the hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen conveying main pipeline and a pressure regulating pipeline which is connected in series with the hydrogen conveying main pipeline; the pressure regulating device is arranged on the pressure regulating pipeline; the first pressure sensor and the flow control device are both located downstream of the pressure regulating line.
Preferably, the pressure regulating pipeline comprises at least two pressure regulating branches arranged in parallel, each pressure regulating branch is connected with the hydrogen main pipeline in series, and a pressure branch switching valve is arranged on each pressure regulating branch;
wherein the pressure regulating device comprises a pressure regulator, and a pressure regulator is arranged on at least one pressure regulating branch to make the pressure of the hydrogen flowing out of each pressure regulating branch different.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage device is a high pressure hydrogen storage device; the number of the pressure regulating branches is three, and the three pressure regulating branches are respectively a high-pressure regulating branch, a medium-pressure regulating branch and a low-pressure regulating branch;
the pressure regulator includes middling pressure reducer and low pressure reducer, the middling pressure is adjusted the branch road and is provided with the middling pressure reducer, the low pressure is adjusted the branch road and is provided with the low pressure reducer.
Preferably, the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen stored in the high-pressure hydrogen storage device is 70MPa or 35MPa, the medium-pressure reducer is used for reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen to 1.5MPa, and the low-pressure reducer is used for reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen to 300kPaA.
Preferably, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further comprises a first four-way valve and a second four-way valve, one end of each of the three pressure regulating branches is connected with the hydrogen transmission main pipeline through the first four-way valve, and the other end of each of the three pressure regulating branches is connected with the hydrogen transmission main pipeline through the second four-way valve; the second four-way valve is located upstream of the first four-way valve, and the first pressure sensor is located downstream of the first four-way valve.
Preferably, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further includes:
the anti-explosion fan is used for simulating the windward wind in the running process of the fuel cell automobile;
and the wind speed transmitter is used for detecting the real-time wind speed of the surrounding environment and the wind speed of the explosion-proof fan.
Preferably, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further includes:
an explosion-proof wall for isolating the hydrogen safety test system from the environment;
and/or a high-pressure safety valve arranged on the hydrogen conveying pipeline, wherein the high-pressure safety valve is close to the hydrogen storage device.
Preferably, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further includes: and the filter, the second pressure sensor and/or the one-way valve are arranged on the hydrogen conveying pipeline, wherein the filter is close to the hydrogen storage device, and the filter, the second pressure sensor and the one-way valve are all positioned at the upstream of the flow control device.
Preferably, the hydrogen safety test system for a fuel cell vehicle further includes:
the data acquisition monitoring module is used for controlling the hydrogen safety testing system to test;
and the power supply module is used for supplying power to the hydrogen safety testing system.
Preferably, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further includes:
the anti-explosion fan is used for simulating the windward in the operation of the fuel cell automobile;
wherein, the hydrogen transportation pipeline includes: the hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen conveying main pipeline and a pressure regulating pipeline connected in series with the hydrogen conveying main pipeline; the pressure regulating pipeline is provided with a pressure regulating device, and the first pressure sensor and the flow control device are both positioned at the downstream of the pressure regulating pipeline;
and if the detection value of the hydrogen concentration sensor reaches a set value, the data acquisition monitoring module is used for controlling the pressure regulating pipeline to be closed, the flow control device to be closed and the explosion-proof fan to run at the maximum wind speed.
According to the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell automobile provided by the embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen delivery pipeline and the test pipeline are utilized to simulate the flowing and leakage of hydrogen in the operation process of the fuel cell automobile, and the pressure sensor, the flow control device and the hydrogen concentration sensor are utilized to detect the concentration of the hydrogen leaked from the potential leak point under the set pressure and the set flow, so that the leakage condition of the potential leak point is obtained, the hydrogen concentration sensor is reasonably arranged according to the leakage condition, the safety of the whole automobile is improved, the potential safety hazard is effectively reduced, the unnecessary hydrogen concentration sensor is avoided being arranged, and the cost of the whole automobile is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the hydrogen flow is adjusted through the flow control device, the concentration of the leaked hydrogen under different set flows can be obtained, and the testing efficiency is effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen safety test system of a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram showing a correspondence relationship between an inner diameter of a capillary and a required flow rate when a hydrogen pressure is 300kPaA in the hydrogen safety test system for a fuel cell vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a correspondence between an inner diameter of a capillary tube and a required flow rate when a hydrogen pressure is 1.5MPa in the hydrogen safety test system for a fuel cell vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a correspondence relationship between an inner diameter of a capillary and a required flow rate when a hydrogen pressure is 35MPa in the hydrogen safety test system for a fuel cell vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram showing a correspondence relationship between an inner diameter of a capillary tube and a required flow rate when a hydrogen pressure is 70MPa in the hydrogen safety test system for a fuel cell vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a hydrogen safety test system for a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the hydrogen storage device comprises a hydrogen storage device 1 for storing hydrogen, a hydrogen conveying pipeline communicated with the hydrogen storage device 1, a first pressure sensor 8 and a flow control device which are arranged on the hydrogen conveying pipeline, a hydrogen concentration detection module 13 and a test pipeline.
The above hydrogen storage container 1 is used for supplying hydrogen for testing, i.e. the hydrogen storage container 1 is a gas source. The pressure of the hydrogen gas supplied by the hydrogen storage container 1 is selected according to actual needs, which is not limited in this embodiment.
The first pressure sensor 8 is used to detect the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen supply line.
The flow control device is used for detecting and controlling the flow of the hydrogen conveying pipeline.
One end of the test pipeline is used for being communicated with the hydrogen conveying pipeline, the other end of the test pipeline is used for being fixed at a potential leakage point of the fuel cell automobile, and the first pressure sensor 8 is located at the upstream of the flow control device.
The hydrogen concentration detection module 13 includes a plurality of hydrogen concentration sensors for detecting the concentration of hydrogen gas leaking from the potential leak point.
It is understood that the first pressure sensor described above detects the pressure of the hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen delivery pipe. The flow control device can adjust the flow of hydrogen flowing through the delivery pipeline.
The outlet of the hydrogen storage device 1 is provided with a switch valve 26 which can control the supply and cut-off of the gas source, so that the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage device 1 can be used conveniently. Specifically, the on-off valve 26 is provided on the hydrogen supply line. Opening the on-off valve 26 to release the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage container 1; the on-off valve 26 is closed to stop the release of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage container 1.
Preferably, the on-off valve 26 is a hand valve. Of course, other types of the switch valve 26 may be selected, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In the testing process, the fuel cell automobile is required to be matched, specifically, a potential leakage point of the fuel cell automobile is determined, and a testing pipeline is fixed at the potential leakage point. And selecting the specific number of the test pipelines according to the number of the potential leakage points, wherein the test pipelines correspond to the potential leakage points one to one.
According to the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell automobile, the space where hydrogen is easy to gather after leakage can be judged according to the detection value of the hydrogen concentration sensor, and the arrangement number and the position of the hydrogen concentration sensor are further determined.
According to the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell automobile provided by the embodiment of the invention, the hydrogen storage device 1, the hydrogen delivery pipeline and the test pipeline are utilized to simulate the flowing and leakage of hydrogen in the operation process of the fuel cell automobile, and the pressure sensor 8, the flow control device and the hydrogen concentration sensor are utilized to detect the concentration of the hydrogen leaked from the potential leak point under the set pressure and the set flow, so that the leakage condition of the potential leak point is obtained, the hydrogen concentration sensor is reasonably arranged according to the leakage condition, the safety of the whole automobile is improved, the potential safety hazard is effectively reduced, the unnecessary hydrogen concentration sensor is avoided being arranged, and the cost of the whole automobile is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the hydrogen flow is adjusted through the flow control device, the concentration of the leaked hydrogen under different set flows can be obtained, and the testing efficiency is effectively improved.
For fuel cell vehicles, the leakage typically ranges from 10 -4 NL/min to 150NL/min, it is preferable that the range of the flow rate control device is 10 so that the leakage rate in the above range can be detected -4 NL/min～150NL/min。
In the practical application process, the adjustment range is also selected to be other according to the practical needs, and is not limited to the above embodiment.
The flow controller has certain proportional relation between detection precision and measuring range, and the flow controller includes at least two flow controllers for accurate flow detection.
Specifically, the hydrogen transfer line includes: a hydrogen conveying main pipeline 27, at least two flow regulating branches 29 which are communicated with the hydrogen conveying main pipeline 27; the flow control device comprises a flow controller arranged on the flow regulating branch 29; the flow controllers correspond to the flow regulating branches 29 one to one, and the ranges of any two flow controllers are different.
When the required flow rate is small, it is difficult to realize the flow rate by the flow controller. In order to realize the control of the small flow, the capillary tube is preferably used for realizing the control of the small flow, and specifically, the capillary tubes with different inner diameters can be used for obtaining different flows. When the required flow is large, the flow can be directly realized through the flow regulation controller.
Specifically, at least one flow controller comprises a flow meter and a capillary tube which are connected in series, and the capillary tube is a test pipeline; and/or at least one of the flow controllers comprises a flow regulation controller.
The flow meter is used for detecting the flow of the flow regulating branch 29 where the flow meter is located, and the capillary tube is used for controlling the flow of the flow regulating branch 29 where the capillary tube is located; the flow regulating controller is used for detecting and controlling the flow of the flow regulating branch 29 where the flow regulating controller is located.
When a capillary tube is used to control the flow, a capillary tube of a different internal diameter needs to be replaced, and the capillary tube is thus removably connected to the flow regulating branch 29 in which it is located. For ease of installation and removal, the capillary tube is preferably removably connected to the flow regulating branch 29 via a capillary fitting 14.
The capillary tube installing joint 14 can install capillary tubes with different inner diameters, so that the capillary tubes with different inner diameters can be replaced conveniently, and the testing efficiency is improved. Specifically, the capillary mount 14 includes at least two nested adapters, each adapter capable of connecting to a capillary of a different inner diameter.
The specific structure of the capillary fitting 14 is selected according to actual needs, and is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
The detection accuracy of the flow controller is usually 2% of the range, and if the range is 10 for accurate flow detection -4 NL/min-150 NL/min, preferably 5 flow controllers are selected to detect the flow rate.
Specifically, the number of the flow controllers is five, and correspondingly, the number of the flow regulating branches 29 is five, and the ranges of the five flow controllers are respectively: 0 to a 1 、0～a 2 、0～a 3 、0～a 4 、0～a 5 Wherein a is 1 The value range of (a) is 0.005 NL/min-0.01 NL/min 2 The value range of (a) is 0.05-0.1 NL/min 3 The value range of (a) is 1 NL/min-10 NL/min 4 The value range of (a) is 50 NL/min-100 NL/min 5 The value range of (a) is 150 NL/min-200 NL/min.
Further, a above 1 ＝0.005NL/min、a 2 ＝0.05NL/min、a 3 ＝1NL/min、a 4 ＝50NL/min、a 5 ＝200NL/min。
The range is 0 to a 1 And a range of 0 to a 2 The flow controller comprises a flowmeter and a capillary tube, and the measuring range is 0-a 3 The range is 0 to a 4 And a range of 0 to a 5 The flow controller of (1) comprises a flow regulating controller.
When the capillary is used to control the flow rate of the flow rate regulating branch 29, the inner diameter of the capillary is selected according to the required flow rate, that is, the flow rates obtained by using capillaries with different inner diameters are different.
In particular, at different leakage pressures, the gas jet at the leakage point can be considered as an adiabatic process, according to the bernoulli equation
The inner diameter of the pipeline required by different flow rates can be calculated, namely the inner diameter d of the capillary required by different flow rates can be calculated.
Wherein Q is the required flow; a is the leakage opening area, namely the leakage area; c D Is the flow coefficient, i.e. the leakage coefficient, when the leakage opening is circular, C D ＝1；P 1 Hydrogen pressure at the leak port; t is 1 Is the hydrogen temperature of the leak port; rho 1 Is the hydrogen density; gamma is a leakage velocity coefficient.
If it is
The gas flow belongs to subsonic flow and is greater or less than>
/>
If it is
The gas flow belongs to the sonic flow, then->
Where k is the adiabatic index, for hydrogen k =1.047; p is 0 Is ambient pressure, P 0 ＝101325Pa。
Hydrogen pressure P of the above-mentioned leakage port 1 Calculating the hydrogen pressure P of the leakage port of different pressure sections according to the actual condition 1 In contrast, only a few representative pressure levels are provided herein, and may be adjusted in practice according to the methods provided herein based on the pressure level of the fuel cell vehicle itself.
In a fuel cell vehicle, there are three pressure levels of high pressure, medium pressure and low pressure, i.e., there are cases of high pressure hydrogen leakage, medium pressure hydrogen leakage and low pressure hydrogen leakage. In order to test the leakage condition under different pressures to improve the test accuracy, different hydrogen storage vessels 1 may be changed, and a pressure adjusting device may be provided to adjust the hydrogen pressure. The latter is preferred for improved reliability and reduced cost.
Specifically, the hydrogen transfer line includes: a hydrogen conveying main pipeline 27, a pressure regulating pipeline connected in series with the hydrogen conveying main pipeline 27, and a pressure regulating device arranged on the pressure regulating pipeline; wherein the first pressure sensor 8 and the flow control device are both located downstream of the pressure regulating line.
The hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell automobile realizes the regulation of flow and pressure, and can test the leakage and aggregation conditions of hydrogen under various working conditions.
In order to expand the pressure regulation range, the pressure regulation pipeline comprises at least two pressure regulation branches 28 which are arranged in parallel, each pressure regulation branch 28 is connected with the hydrogen conveying main pipeline 27 in series, and each pressure regulation branch 28 is provided with a pressure branch switching valve;
wherein the pressure regulating means comprises a pressure regulator, and a pressure regulator is provided on at least one of the pressure regulating branches 28 to make the pressure of the hydrogen gas flowing out of each pressure regulating branch 28 different.
The pressure branch switching valve is used for controlling the on-off of the pressure regulating branch 28. The type of the pressure branch on-off valve is selected according to actual needs, and for convenience of control, the pressure branch on-off valve is preferably selected to be an electromagnetic valve.
Further, the hydrogen storage container 1 is a high pressure hydrogen storage container; the number of the pressure regulating branches 28 is three, namely a high-pressure regulating branch, a medium-pressure regulating branch and a low-pressure regulating branch; the pressure regulator comprises a medium pressure reducer 7 and a low pressure reducer 21, the medium pressure regulating branch is provided with the medium pressure reducer 7, and the low pressure regulating branch is provided with the low pressure reducer 21.
At this time, the pressure branch switching valve on the high-pressure regulating branch is the high-pressure branch switching valve 5, the pressure branch switching valve on the medium-pressure regulating branch is the medium-pressure branch switching valve 23, and the pressure branch switching valve on the low-pressure regulating branch is the low-pressure branch switching valve 22.
It can be understood that the pressure of hydrogen provided by the high pressure hydrogen storage device is the same as the pressure of a fuel cell vehicle, and the pressure is 35MPa or 70MPa in general. The above-mentioned medium-pressure reducer 7 is used for reducing the high pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen gas to a medium pressure, and the low-pressure reducer 21 is used for reducing the high pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen gas to a low pressure. Wherein the high pressure is greater than the medium pressure, which is greater than the low pressure.
Specific values of the high pressure, the medium pressure and the low pressure are selected according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit this.
In the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell automobile, the high-pressure leakage condition, the medium-pressure leakage condition and the low-pressure leakage condition can be tested, so that the test precision is improved.
The specific pressures of high pressure, medium pressure and low pressure are selected according to actual needs. Preferably, the high-pressure hydrogen stored in the high-pressure hydrogen storage has a pressure of 70MPa or 35MPa, the medium-pressure reducer 7 is used for reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen to 1.5MPa, and the low-pressure reducer 21 is used for reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen to 300kPaA.
When a capillary tube is used to control the flow, the inner diameter of the capillary tube required for the same flow under different pressures is different. Specifically, the capillary inner diameter at the set pressure and the set flow rate can be obtained according to the above formula.
When the hydrogen pressure is 300kPaA, the corresponding relation between the inner diameter of the capillary and the required flow is shown in FIG. 2; when the hydrogen pressure is 1.5MPa, the corresponding relation between the inner diameter of the capillary and the required flow is shown in FIG. 3; when the hydrogen pressure is 35MPa, the corresponding relation between the inner diameter of the capillary and the required flow is shown in FIG. 4; when the hydrogen pressure was 70MPa, the inside diameter of the capillary tube and the required flow rate corresponded to each other as shown in fig. 5.
In practice, capillaries with corresponding inner diameters can be selected according to fig. 2-5.
In order to obtain the required pressure, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further comprises a first four-way valve 20 and a second four-way valve 24, wherein one ends of three pressure adjusting branches 28 are connected with the hydrogen main pipeline 27 through the first four-way valve 20, and the other ends of the three pressure adjusting branches 28 are connected with the hydrogen main pipeline 27 through the second four-way valve 24; the second four-way valve 24 is located upstream of the first four-way valve 20 and the first pressure sensor 8 is located downstream of the first four-way valve 20.
When a test needs to be carried out under a high-pressure condition, the second four-way valve 24 is adjusted to the first valve position, and the first four-way valve 20 is adjusted to the first valve position, so that only the high-pressure adjusting branch and the hydrogen conveying main pipeline 27 are communicated; when a test needs to be carried out under the medium-pressure condition, the second four-way valve 24 is adjusted to a second valve position, and the first four-way valve 20 is adjusted to the second valve position, so that only the medium-pressure adjusting branch and the hydrogen main pipeline 27 are communicated; when the test needs to be performed under the low-pressure condition, the second four-way valve 24 is adjusted to the third valve position, and the first four-way valve 20 is adjusted to the third valve position, so that only the low-pressure adjusting branch and the hydrogen conveying main pipeline 27 are communicated.
In order to more accurately simulate the operation condition of the fuel cell vehicle, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further comprises: an explosion-proof fan 12 and a wind speed transmitter 11; wherein, the explosion-proof fan 12 is used for simulating the windward wind in the operation of the fuel cell automobile; the wind speed transmitter 11 is used for detecting the real-time wind speed of the surrounding environment and the wind speed of the explosion-proof fan 12.
The number of the explosion-proof fans 12 is selected according to actual needs. The anti-explosion fan 12 may be disposed at the front and/or the side of the fuel cell vehicle, and the embodiment does not limit the specific position of the anti-explosion fan 12.
In the hydrogen safety test system, the wind speed of the explosion-proof fan 12 can be adjusted to simulate the windward size of the fuel cell automobile in the running process, so that the influence of the wind speed on the hydrogen distribution can be tested, the effectiveness of ventilation can be determined, and the leakage condition can be accurately known.
In order to improve the test safety, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further includes a blast wall 17 for isolating the test system from the environment.
It can be understood that the explosion-proof wall 17 is arranged around the whole test system and the periphery of the fuel cell vehicle to be tested, and is used for isolating a dangerous area from the surrounding environment, shielding the surrounding environment, and preventing the influence of the ambient wind speed on the test result.
The specific shape and type of the explosion-proof wall 17 are selected according to actual needs, and this embodiment is not limited to this.
When the pressure of the whole test system is too high, safety risks exist, and pressure relief is needed to ensure safety. Preferably, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further comprises a high-pressure safety valve 25 disposed on the hydrogen pipeline, and the high-pressure safety valve 25 is close to the hydrogen storage device 1. Specifically, opening the high pressure relief valve 25 releases the pressure in the test system, eliminating the risk of overpressure.
The hydrogen gas that above-mentioned hydrogen storage device 1 stored, there is impurity more easily, in order to avoid impurity to influence subsequent device and part, the hydrogen safety test system of above-mentioned fuel cell car of preferred selection still includes the filter 2 that sets up on the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and this filter 2 is used for filtering the hydrogen gas that flows through the hydrogen transmission pipeline, gets rid of the impurity in the hydrogen, prevents that impurity from blockking up subsequent device and part, especially prevents that impurity from blockking up the capillary. It will be appreciated that the filter 2 should have a filtering accuracy less than the internal diameter of the capillary tube.
Further, the filter 2 is located upstream of the flow control device. When the hydrogen safety test system includes a pressure regulating circuit, the filter 2 is also located upstream of the pressure regulating circuit. In order to enhance the filtering effect, the filter 2 is disposed adjacent to the hydrogen storage container 1, and the switching valve 26 is disposed between the hydrogen storage container 1 and the filter 2.
The specific type of the filter 2 is selected according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit this.
In the testing process, in order to avoid hydrogen backflow and gas source pollution, the hydrogen safety testing system of the fuel cell automobile further comprises a one-way valve 4 arranged on the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and the one-way valve 4 is communicated from the hydrogen storage device 1 to the flow control device. In particular, the non-return valve 4 is located upstream of the flow control device. When the hydrogen safety test system includes a pressure regulating line, the filter 2 is also located upstream of the pressure regulating line. When the hydrogen safety test system includes the filter 2, the check valve 4 is located downstream of the filter 2.
Preferably, the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell vehicle further comprises a second pressure sensor 3 arranged on the hydrogen transmission pipeline, and the second pressure sensor 3 is used for detecting the pressure of the hydrogen output by the hydrogen storage device 1. In particular, the second pressure sensor 3 is located upstream of the flow control device. When the above-described hydrogen safety test system includes a pressure regulating line, the second pressure sensor 3 is also located upstream of the pressure regulating line. When the hydrogen safety test system includes the filter 2, the second pressure sensor 3 is located downstream of the filter 2. When the hydrogen safety test system includes the check valve 4, the second pressure sensor 3 is located upstream of the check valve 4.
In order to reduce workload and improve automation degree, the hydrogen safety testing system of the fuel cell automobile further comprises a data acquisition monitoring module and a power supply module, wherein the data acquisition monitoring module is used for controlling the testing system to test; the power supply module is used for supplying power to the test system.
Further, the data acquisition monitoring module and the power supply module are integrated into a whole to form a power supply control module 6.
In the practical application process, the power supply control module 6 is in signal connection with the hydrogen concentration sensor, the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the one-way valve 4, the first four-way valve 20, the second four-way valve 24, the pressure branch switch valve, the flow controller, the explosion-proof fan 12 and the wind speed transmitter 11 of the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell automobile, so that data collection and control are realized.
In order to improve the safety and reliability, if the detection value of the hydrogen concentration sensor reaches a set value, the data acquisition monitoring module is used for controlling the pressure regulating pipeline to be closed, the flow control device to be closed and the explosion-proof fan 12 to operate at the maximum wind speed.
The above set value is usually 3%. Of course, the setting value may be selected to be other values in practical application, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In order to improve the safety and reliability, if the detection values of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor exceed the set pressure, the data acquisition monitoring module is used for controlling the high-pressure safety valve 25 to be opened, controlling the explosion-proof fan 12 to operate at the maximum wind speed, and manually closing the hand valve.
The hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell automobile provided by the embodiment is different from the research of a simulation method, has more reliable test results and lower time cost, and can simulate the leakage condition of the whole automobile in the whole leakage range from small leakage to large leakage; the leakage pressure regulation of high pressure, medium pressure and low pressure can be realized; the test of the influence of the wind speed on the hydrogen distribution can be realized.
To more specifically explain the technical solution provided by the embodiment, a specific structure of a hydrogen safety test system of a fuel cell vehicle is provided below.
As shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen safety test system of a fuel cell vehicle includes: the hydrogen storage device comprises a hydrogen storage device 1 for storing hydrogen, a hydrogen transmission main pipeline 27 communicated with the hydrogen storage device 1, three pressure adjusting branch pipelines 28 which are arranged in parallel and are communicated with the hydrogen transmission main pipeline 27, five flow adjusting branch pipelines 29 which are communicated with the hydrogen transmission main pipeline 27, a hydrogen concentration detection module 13, a test pipeline, an anti-explosion fan 12, a wind speed transmission 11, a power supply control module 6, an anti-explosion wall 17, a switch valve 26 which is arranged on the hydrogen transmission main pipeline 27, a high-pressure safety valve 25, a filter 2, a second pressure sensor 3, a one-way valve 4 and a first pressure sensor 8.
Wherein, the switch valve 26 is close to the outlet of the hydrogen storage device 1, the switch valve 26 is a hand valve, the filter 2, the second pressure sensor 3, the check valve 4 and the first pressure sensor 8 are sequentially arranged on the hydrogen transmission main pipeline 27 along the hydrogen flowing direction, the first pressure sensor 8 is positioned between the pressure regulating branch 28 and the flow regulating branch 29, the filter 2, the second pressure sensor 3 and the check valve 4 are positioned at the upstream of the pressure regulating branch 28, and the flow regulating branch 29 is positioned at the downstream of the pressure regulating branch 28.
Each pressure regulating branch 28 is provided with a pressure branch on-off valve, and the pressure branch on-off valves are all electromagnetic valves.
One ends of the three pressure regulating branches 28 are connected with the hydrogen conveying main pipeline 27 through the first four-way valve 20, and the other ends of the three pressure regulating branches 28 are connected with the hydrogen conveying main pipeline 27 through the second four-way valve 24; the second four-way valve 24 is located upstream of the first four-way valve 20.
The hydrogen storage device 1 is a high-pressure hydrogen storage device, and the pressure of the stored high-pressure hydrogen is 35MPa or 70MPa; the three pressure regulating branches 28 are respectively a high pressure regulating branch, a medium pressure regulating branch and a low pressure regulating branch; the medium-pressure regulating branch is provided with a medium-pressure reducer 7, and the low-pressure regulating branch is provided with a low-pressure reducer 21; the medium pressure reducer 7 is used for reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen to 1.5MPa, and the low pressure reducer 21 is used for reducing the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen to 300kPaA. The pressure branch switch valve includes: a high pressure branch switch valve 5 arranged on the high pressure regulating branch, a medium pressure branch switch valve 23 arranged on the medium pressure regulating branch, and a low pressure branch switch valve 22 arranged on the low pressure regulating branch.
The five flow regulating branches 29 are respectively a first flow regulating branch, a second flow regulating branch, a third flow regulating branch, a fourth flow regulating branch and a fifth flow regulating branch; wherein, the first flow rate regulating branch is provided with a first flow meter 9 and a first capillary tube for measuring the leakage of 0-0.005 NL/min; a second flowmeter 15 and a second capillary tube are arranged on the second flow regulating branch and are used for measuring the leakage of 0-0.05 NL/min; the third flow regulating branch is provided with a first flow regulating controller 16 for measuring the leakage of 0-1 NL/min; a second flow regulating controller 18 is arranged on the fourth flow regulating branch and is used for measuring the leakage of 0-50 NL/min; the fifth flow rate adjustment branch is provided with a third flow rate adjustment controller 19 for measuring leakage at 0 to 200NL/min.
Preferably, the test pipeline is a hose, so that the installation and the disassembly are convenient.
The hydrogen safety testing system of the fuel cell automobile is adopted for testing, the testing process is divided into three parts of a hydrogen path high-pressure section, a hydrogen path medium-pressure section and a hydrogen path low-pressure section of the fuel cell automobile, potential leakage points of the hydrogen path high-pressure section, the hydrogen path medium-pressure section and the hydrogen path low-pressure section are different, and then the difference of the tests of all the parts is that the arrangement positions of hydrogen concentration sensors are different, and the pressure grades of the pressure reduction in the testing process are different.
The measurement steps for the high-pressure section of the hydrogen gas path are as follows:
1) Before testing, hydrogen in the fuel cell automobile to be tested is exhausted, all electrical parts of the fuel cell automobile are in a power-off state, the power-off state is kept in the whole testing process, and an explosion-proof wall 17 is arranged;
2) Arranging the hydrogen concentration detection module 13 above a space in the vicinity of a high-pressure section hydrogen path of the fuel cell vehicle;
3) Starting the power supply control module 6 to enable the anti-explosion fan 12, the high-pressure branch switching valve 5, the medium-pressure branch switching valve 23, the low-pressure branch switching valve 22, the first flow regulation controller 16, the second flow regulation controller 18, the third flow regulation controller 19, the first flowmeter 9 and the second flowmeter 15 to be in a closed state, enabling the first pressure sensor 8, the second pressure sensor 3, the first flowmeter 9, the wind speed transmitter 11, the hydrogen concentration detection module 13, the second flowmeter 15, the first flow regulation controller 16, the second flow regulation controller 18 and the third flow regulation controller 19 to be in a normal indicating number, and recording the hydrogen concentration background value of each potential leakage point under the environmental condition;
4) Opening a hand valve of the hydrogen storage device 1;
5) When the leakage of 0-0.005 NL/min is measured, one end of a first capillary tube corresponding to the flow is arranged on a first flow regulating branch, specifically, the first capillary tube is arranged on the first flow regulating branch through a first capillary tube installation joint 10, and the other end of the first capillary tube is fixed at a potential leakage point on a vehicle;
6) The high-pressure branch switch valve 5, the first flowmeter 9, the explosion-proof fan 12 and the wind speed transmitter 11 are started through the power supply control module 6, and the wind speed of the explosion-proof fan 12 is adjusted within the range of the measuring range of 0-0.005 NL/min;
7) When the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor reaches a steady state or an alarm is triggered (the detection value of any one hydrogen concentration sensor reaches 3%), the high-pressure branch switch valve 5 and the first flowmeter 9 are closed in sequence, and the explosion-proof fan 12 is closed after the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor is reduced to the environmental level;
8) When the leakage of 0-0.05 NL/min is measured, one end of a second capillary tube with corresponding flow is arranged on a second flow adjusting branch, specifically, the second capillary tube is arranged on the second flow adjusting branch through a second capillary tube mounting joint 14, and the other end of the second capillary tube is fixed at a potential leakage point of the fuel cell automobile;
9) The high-pressure branch switch valve 5, the second flowmeter 15, the explosion-proof fan 12 and the wind speed transmitter 11 are started through the power supply control module 6, and the wind speed of the explosion-proof fan 12 is adjusted within the range of 0-0.05 NL/min;
10 When the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor reaches a steady state or triggers an alarm (the detection value of any one hydrogen concentration sensor reaches 3%), the high-pressure branch switch valve 5 and the second flowmeter 15 are closed in sequence, and the explosion-proof fan 12 is closed after the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor is reduced to the environmental level;
11 When measuring the leakage of 0-1 NL/min, one end of a hose is arranged on a third flow regulating branch, and the other end of the hose is fixed at a potential leakage point of the fuel cell vehicle;
12 The high-pressure branch switch valve 5, the first flow regulating controller 16, the explosion-proof fan 12 and the wind speed transmitter 11 are opened through the power supply control module 6, and the wind speed of the explosion-proof fan 12 and the first flow regulating controller 16 are regulated within the range of 0-1 NL/min;
13 When the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor reaches a steady state or triggers an alarm (the detection value of any one hydrogen concentration sensor reaches 3%), the high-pressure branch switching valve 5 and the first flow regulating controller 16 are closed in sequence, and the explosion-proof fan 12 is closed after the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor is reduced to the environmental level;
14 To measure a leak of 0 to 50NL/min, one end of the hose is mounted on the second flow regulator control 18 and the other end of the hose is fixed to a potential leak point of the vehicle;
15 The high-pressure branch switch valve 5, the second flow regulating controller 18, the explosion-proof fan 12 and the wind speed transmitter 11 are opened through the power supply control module 6, and the wind speed of the explosion-proof fan 12 and the second flow regulating controller 18 are regulated within the range of 0-50 NL/min;
16 When the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor reaches a steady state or triggers an alarm (the hydrogen concentration at any sensor reaches 3%), the high-pressure branch switching valve 5 and the second flow regulating controller 18 are closed in sequence, and the explosion-proof fan 12 is closed after the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor is reduced to the environmental level;
17 When measuring the leakage of 0-200 NL/min, one end of a hose is arranged on a third flow regulating branch, and the other end of the hose is fixed at a potential leakage point of the fuel cell vehicle;
18 Starting the high-pressure branch switching valve 5, the third flow regulating controller 19, the explosion-proof fan 12 and the air speed transmitter 11 through the power supply control module 6, and regulating the air speed of the explosion-proof fan 12 and the third flow regulating controller 19 within the range of 0-200 NL/min;
19 When the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor reaches a steady state or triggers an alarm (the hydrogen concentration at any sensor reaches 3%), the high-pressure branch switching valve 5 and the third flow regulating controller 19 are closed in sequence, and the explosion-proof fan 12 is closed after the detection value of each hydrogen concentration sensor is reduced to the environmental level;
20 Subtracting the background value of the hydrogen concentration in the step 3) from the detection value of the hydrogen concentration sensor at each flow rate, and comparing the curve of each hydrogen concentration sensor along with the change of time, wherein the hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged at the potential leakage point which firstly reaches 1% or 2% of the hydrogen concentration.
For the measurement of the medium-pressure section of the hydrogen gas path, the hydrogen concentration sensor module is arranged above the space near the medium-pressure section hydrogen gas path of the fuel cell automobile, the high-pressure branch switch valve 5 which is opened and closed in the steps is changed into the medium-pressure branch switch valve 23, and other steps can refer to the measurement of the high-pressure section of the hydrogen gas path, and are not described herein again.
For the measurement of the low-pressure section of the hydrogen path, the hydrogen concentration sensor module is arranged above the space near the hydrogen path of the low-pressure section of the fuel cell automobile, the high-pressure branch switch valve 5 which is opened and closed in the above steps is changed into the low-pressure branch switch valve 22, and the measurement of the high-pressure section of the hydrogen path can be referred to in other steps, which is not described herein again.
In order to ensure the safety of the hydrogen use and measurement process, a high-pressure safety valve 25 is arranged, so that the hydrogen can be released in time when the pipeline is in overpressure, and the pipeline is prevented from being in overpressure. Meanwhile, the power supply control module 6 sets a hydrogen safety threshold protection logic, that is, when the pressure sensors have overpressure, the hydrogen concentration sensor reaches 3%, the power supply control module 6 can automatically close the high-pressure branch switching valve 5, the low-pressure branch switching valve 22, the medium-pressure branch switching valve 23, the first flow regulating controller 16, the second flow regulating controller 18 and the third flow regulating controller 19, and regulate the wind speed of the anti-explosion fan 12 to the maximum.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A hydrogen safety test system for a fuel cell vehicle, comprising:
the hydrogen storage device comprises a hydrogen storage device (1) for storing hydrogen, a hydrogen conveying pipeline communicated with the hydrogen storage device (1), a first pressure sensor (8), a flow control device, a hydrogen concentration detection module (13) and a test pipeline, wherein the first pressure sensor and the flow control device are arranged on the hydrogen conveying pipeline;
the flow control device is used for detecting and controlling the flow of the hydrogen conveying pipeline;
one end of the test pipeline is used for being communicated with the hydrogen conveying pipeline, and the other end of the test pipeline is used for being fixed at a potential leakage point of the fuel cell automobile;
the first pressure sensor (8) is located upstream of the flow control device;
the hydrogen concentration detection module (13) comprises a plurality of hydrogen concentration sensors, and the hydrogen concentration sensors are used for detecting the concentration of the hydrogen leaked from the potential leakage points;
simulating the flowing and leakage of hydrogen in the running process of a fuel cell vehicle by utilizing the hydrogen storage device (1), the hydrogen conveying pipeline and the testing pipeline;
the hydrogen transportation pipeline comprises: a hydrogen delivery main line (27), at least two flow regulating branches (29) both communicating with the hydrogen delivery main line (27);
the flow control device comprises a flow controller arranged on the flow regulating branch (29);
the flow controllers correspond to the flow adjusting branches (29) one by one, and the measuring ranges of any two flow controllers are different;
at least one of the flow controllers comprises a flow meter and a capillary tube in series, and the capillary tube is the test line; and/or at least one of the flow controllers comprises a flow regulation controller;
the flowmeter is used for detecting the flow of the flow regulating branch (29) where the flowmeter is located, and the capillary tube is used for controlling the flow of the flow regulating branch (29) where the capillary tube is located; the flow regulating controller is used for detecting and controlling the flow of the flow regulating branch (29) where the flow regulating controller is positioned;
the capillary tube is detachably connected with the flow regulating branch (29) where the capillary tube is;
the hydrogen safety test system of the fuel cell automobile further comprises a pressure regulating device, and the hydrogen delivery pipeline further comprises: a pressure regulating pipeline connected in series with the main hydrogen conveying pipeline (27); the pressure adjusting device is arranged on the pressure adjusting pipeline; the first pressure sensor (8) and the flow control device are both located downstream of the pressure regulation line;
the pressure regulating pipeline comprises at least two pressure regulating branches (28) which are arranged in parallel, each pressure regulating branch (28) is connected with the hydrogen conveying main pipeline (27) in series, and a pressure branch switch valve is arranged on each pressure regulating branch (28);
the pressure adjusting device comprises a pressure regulator, and a pressure regulator is arranged on at least one pressure adjusting branch (28) so that the pressure of the hydrogen flowing out of each pressure adjusting branch (28) is different;
the hydrogen storage device (1) is a high-pressure hydrogen storage device; the number of the pressure regulating branches (28) is three, and the three pressure regulating branches are respectively a high-pressure regulating branch, a medium-pressure regulating branch and a low-pressure regulating branch;
the pressure regulator comprises a medium pressure reducer (7) and a low pressure reducer (21), the medium pressure regulating branch is provided with the medium pressure reducer (7), and the low pressure regulating branch is provided with the low pressure reducer (21).
2. The hydrogen safety test system according to claim 1, wherein the number of the flow controllers is five, and the ranges of the five flow controllers are respectively: 0 to a 1 、0～a 2 、0～a 3 、0～a 4 、0～a 5 ；
Wherein, a 1 The value range of (a) is 0.005 NL/min-0.01 NL/min 2 The value range of (a) is 0.05-0.1 NL/min 3 The value range of (a) is 1 NL/min-10 NL/min 4 The value range of (a) is 50 NL/min-100 NL/min 5 Is 150NL/min up to200NL/min。
3. The hydrogen safety test system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen stored in the high-pressure hydrogen storage is 70MPa or 35MPa, the medium-pressure reducer (7) is used to reduce the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen to 1.5MPa, and the low-pressure reducer (21) is used to reduce the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen to 300kPaA.
4. The hydrogen safety test system according to claim 1, further comprising a first four-way valve (20) and a second four-way valve (24), wherein one ends of the three pressure regulating branches (28) and the hydrogen transport main line (27) are connected through the first four-way valve (20), and the other ends of the three pressure regulating branches (28) and the hydrogen transport main line (27) are connected through the second four-way valve (24); the second four-way valve (24) is located upstream of the first four-way valve (20), and the first pressure sensor (8) is located downstream of the first four-way valve (20).
5. The hydrogen safety test system according to claim 1, further comprising:
the anti-explosion fan (12) is used for simulating the windward in the operation of the fuel cell automobile;
and the wind speed transmitter (11) is used for detecting the real-time wind speed of the surrounding environment and the wind speed of the explosion-proof fan (12).
6. The hydrogen safety test system according to claim 1, further comprising:
a blast wall (17) for isolating the hydrogen safety test system from the environment;
and/or a high-pressure safety valve (25) arranged on the hydrogen conveying pipeline, wherein the high-pressure safety valve (25) is close to the hydrogen storage device (1).
7. The hydrogen safety test system according to claim 1, further comprising: and the filter (2) and/or the second pressure sensor (3) and/or the one-way valve (4) are arranged on the hydrogen conveying pipeline, wherein the filter (2) is close to the hydrogen storage device (1), and the filter (2), the second pressure sensor (3) and the one-way valve (4) are all positioned at the upstream of the flow control device.
8. The hydrogen safety testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by further comprising:
the data acquisition monitoring module is used for controlling the hydrogen safety testing system to test;
and the power supply module is used for supplying power to the hydrogen safety testing system.
9. The hydrogen safety test system according to claim 8, further comprising:
the anti-explosion fan (12) is used for simulating the windward in the operation of the fuel cell automobile;
wherein, the hydrogen transportation pipeline includes: a hydrogen conveying main pipeline (27) and a pressure regulating pipeline which is connected in series with the hydrogen conveying main pipeline (27); the pressure regulating pipeline is provided with a pressure regulating device, and the first pressure sensor (8) and the flow control device are positioned at the downstream of the pressure regulating pipeline;
and if the detection value of the hydrogen concentration sensor reaches a set value, the data acquisition monitoring module is used for controlling the pressure regulating pipeline to be closed, the flow control device to be closed and the explosion-proof fan (12) to run at the maximum wind speed.
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| CN113406270A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-09-17 | 中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司 | Method for optimizing position of hydrogen sensor of fuel cell vehicle |
| CN113865798A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-31 | 中汽研新能源汽车检验中心(天津)有限公司 | Testing device and testing method for simulating hydrogen leakage detection of vehicle-mounted hydrogen system |
| CN114202896A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-18 | 上海凌逐新能源科技有限公司 | Safety management method for wind tunnel type fuel cell environmental test cabin |
| CN114811449B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-08-22 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司宁波供电公司 | Hydrogen energy automobile safety detection device |
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| CN108665539A (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2018-10-16 | 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of design method of the emergent analogue simulation disposition of benzol hydro refining unit hydrogen gas leakage 3D |
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