CN112290057A - Fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging and control method thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112290057A
CN112290057A CN201910673127.2A CN201910673127A CN112290057A CN 112290057 A CN112290057 A CN 112290057A CN 201910673127 A CN201910673127 A CN 201910673127A CN 112290057 A CN112290057 A CN 112290057A
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China
Prior art keywords
air
hydrogen
valve
supply unit
pressure
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CN201910673127.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
季孟波
潘旭
赵磊
马学明
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Yinlong New Energy Co Ltd
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Yinlong New Energy Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910673127.2A priority Critical patent/CN112290057A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging, which comprises a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit, a common connecting shaft, a fuel cell stack and a controller, wherein the hydrogen supply unit is connected with the air supply unit; the controller is respectively connected with the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit, and the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack pipeline; the hydrogen supply unit comprises a turbine and the air supply unit comprises a compressor, the turbine and the compressor being connected by a common connecting shaft. According to the invention, the turbine and the air compressor are respectively arranged in the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit of the fuel cell, the turbine is driven to do work by using high-pressure hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source configured in the fuel cell engine, the kinetic energy and the pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen are converted into mechanical energy and then are transmitted to the air compressor through the common connecting shaft, so that the air in the air pipeline is pre-pressurized, the power requirement of the air compressor is further reduced, and the overall power output efficiency of the fuel cell engine is improved.

Description

Fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell gas supply systems, and particularly relates to a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging and a control method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell engine consists of a galvanic pile, a hydrogen system, an air system and an auxiliary system. The air system provides air with certain pressure and humidity to the electric pile, and the hydrogen system provides hydrogen with certain pressure and humidity to the electric pile.
An air system generally uses an air compressor to boost air to required pressure, the air compressor is driven by electric energy in a fuel cell engine, consumed power accounts for 12% -30% of output power of the fuel cell, and the overall efficiency of the engine is greatly influenced; in addition, the hydrogen source in the hydrogen system can provide hydrogen with the absolute pressure as high as 30-50Mpa, the pressure is reduced to the absolute pressure of about 2bar by the multistage pressure reducing device in the hydrogen pipeline, and then the hydrogen is provided to the electric pile, and a large amount of energy is wasted in the process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging, which solves the problems of energy loss and power consumption of an air compressor in the decompression process of hydrogen from a high-pressure hydrogen source to a galvanic pile.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a control method for a turbocharged fuel cell air supply system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging comprises a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit, a common connecting shaft, a fuel cell stack and a controller; the controller is respectively in communication connection with a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit and a common connecting shaft, the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are respectively connected with a fuel cell stack pipeline, and the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are mechanically connected through the common connecting shaft;
the hydrogen supply unit comprises a turbine, the air supply unit comprises a compressor, and the turbine and the compressor are connected through a common connecting shaft.
Preferably, the hydrogen supply unit further comprises a high-pressure hydrogen storage container, a hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve, a first hydrogen pressure sensor, a first check valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen flow regulating valve, a second check valve and a second hydrogen pressure sensor; the hydrogen outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the turbine through the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve, the other way is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve, the hydrogen outlet of the turbine is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve through the first one-way valve, the air outlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve, the air outlet of the flow regulating valve is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell pile through the second one-way valve, the first hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the turbine and the first one-way valve, and the second hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the second one-way valve and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell pile.
Preferably, the air supply unit includes an air filter, a first air three-way solenoid valve, a first air pressure sensor, a second air three-way solenoid valve, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier, and a second air pressure sensor; air cleaner's air outlet connects all the way in the air inlet of compressor behind the first air three way solenoid valve, and another way connects in the air inlet of air compressor machine, the air outlet of compressor connects all the way in the air inlet of air compressor machine after through second air three way solenoid valve, and another way connects in the air inlet of intercooler with the air outlet of air compressor machine jointly, the gas outlet of intercooler connects in the air inlet of humidifier, the gas outlet of humidifier connects in the air inlet of fuel cell pile, first air pressure sensor sets up on the air pipeline between compressor and first air three way solenoid valve, second air pressure sensor sets up on the air pipeline between humidifier and fuel cell pile air inlet.
Preferably, the common connecting shaft is a mechanical transmission device with a gear variable function, and the mechanical transmission device comprises a variable speed controller.
Preferably, the controller is configured to receive a hydrogen pressure signal on a hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen supply unit and an air pressure signal on an air pipeline of the air supply unit, send an instruction of an opening direction to the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, the first air three-way solenoid valve, and the second air three-way solenoid valve, send an opening instruction to the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow rate adjusting valve to control the pressure on the hydrogen pipeline, and send an opening and closing instruction to the common connection shaft and the air compressor and adjust the rotation speeds of the common connection shaft and the air compressor to control the pressure on the air pipeline.
Preferably, the controller is respectively connected with the first hydrogen pressure sensor, the second hydrogen pressure sensor, the first air pressure sensor and the second air pressure sensor through low-voltage signal wires, and receives pressure signals of the pressure sensors; the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve, the first air three-way electromagnetic valve and the second air three-way electromagnetic valve are respectively connected through a low-voltage switch control line, and a command of opening direction is sent to the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve, the first air three-way electromagnetic valve and the second air three-way electromagnetic valve; the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve are respectively connected through a low-pressure control line to control the opening degrees of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve; the speed controller is connected with the speed controller of the common connecting shaft through a low-voltage control line so as to control the rotating speed of the common connecting shaft; the low-voltage switch control line is connected with the air compressor, a switch instruction is sent to the air compressor, and a pulse width modulation signal is sent to the air compressor through a PWM control mechanism so as to regulate and control the rotating speed of a motor of the air compressor.
A control method of a fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, the controller calculates the hydrogen pressure threshold P needed at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stackH0Simultaneously starting the hydrogen supply unit;
s2, reading the current hydrogen pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unitH1According to the hydrogen pressure threshold PH0And the current hydrogen pressure value PH1The size relationship of the hydrogen supply unit controls the working state of the hydrogen supply unit; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, judging PH1－PH0＞ΔPHIf yes, the process goes to S22, otherwise, the process goes to S23;
s22, reducing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unitH1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPHMeanwhile, the process proceeds to S3;
s23, increasing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unitH1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPHThereafter, the process returns to S21 to continue judging PH1－PH0＞ΔPHWhether the result is true or not;
wherein, Δ PHThe minimum pressure drop value on a hydrogen pipeline between a hydrogen outlet of the turbine and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack;
s3, the controller calculates the air pressure threshold P needed at the air inlet of the fuel cell stackA0Simultaneously turning on the air supply unit;
s4, reading the current air pressure value P of the air supply unitA1According to the air pressure threshold value PA0With the current air pressure value PA1The magnitude relation of (a) controls the operating state of the air supply unit.
Preferably, the step S4 is executed according to the air pressure threshold PA0With the current air pressure value PA1The size relationship of (a) controls the working state of the air supply unit, specifically:
s41, judging PA1－PA0＞ΔPAIf yes, the process goes to S42, otherwise, the process goes to S43;
s42, reducing the current pressure value P of the air supply unitA1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPA；
S43, increasing the current pressure value P of the air supply unitA1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPA；
Wherein, Δ PAThe minimum pressure drop value of an air pipeline between an air outlet of the air compressor and an air inlet of the fuel cell stack through the air compressor.
Preferably, the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit is decreased in S22H1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPHThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
first valve of hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valveIn an open state, P is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valveH1＝PH0+ΔPH(ii) a Wherein, the first valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve is a valve which is connected with the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve and the gas inlet pipeline of the turbine.
Preferably, the current pressure value P of the hydrogen gas supply unit is increased in S23H1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPHThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening the second valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve, and adjusting the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve to ensure that P is equal to PH1＝PH0+ΔPH(ii) a The second valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve is a valve connected with the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve and the gas inlet pipeline of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve;
simultaneously, a second valve of the first air three-way electromagnetic valve and the air compressor are opened, the second air three-way electromagnetic valve is closed, and the detection value of the second air pressure sensor and the air pressure threshold value P are enabled to be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressorA0Equal; wherein the air pressure threshold value PA0A required air pressure threshold at an air inlet of the fuel cell stack calculated for a controller.
Preferably, the current pressure value P of the air supply unit is decreased in S42A1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPAThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening a second valve of a second air three-way electromagnetic valve and adjusting the rotating speed of the common connecting shaft to enable PA1＝PA0+ΔPA(ii) a Wherein, the second valve of the second air three-way electromagnetic valve is a valve which is connected with the second air three-way electromagnetic valve and the intercooler air inlet pipeline.
Preferably, the current pressure value P of the air supply unit is increased in S43A1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPAThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening a first valve of the second air three-way electromagnetic valve and the air compressor, pressurizing the air and adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor to enable PA1＝PA0+ΔPA(ii) a Wherein the second spaceThe first valve of the air three-way electromagnetic valve is a valve for connecting the second air three-way electromagnetic valve and an air inlet pipeline of the air compressor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the turbine and the air compressor are respectively arranged in the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit of the fuel cell, the high-pressure hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source configured in the fuel cell engine is utilized to drive the turbine to do work, the kinetic energy and the pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen are converted into mechanical energy and then are transmitted to the air compressor through the common connecting shaft, so that the air in the air pipeline is pre-pressurized, the power requirement of the air compressor is further reduced, and the overall power output efficiency of the fuel cell engine is effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Furthermore, in the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
Example 1
Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging, as shown in fig. 1, which includes a hydrogen supply unit 1, an air supply unit 2, a common connection shaft 3, a fuel cell stack 4 and a controller 5; the controller 5 is respectively in communication connection with the hydrogen supply unit 1, the air supply unit 2 and the common connecting shaft 3, the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the air supply unit 2 are respectively in pipeline connection with the fuel cell stack 4, and the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the air supply unit 2 are mechanically connected through the common connecting shaft 3;
the hydrogen supply unit 1 comprises a turbine 13, the air supply unit 2 comprises a compressor 23, and the turbine 13 and the compressor 23 are connected through a common connecting shaft 3;
thus, with the above-described structure, the hydrogen supply unit 1 supplies hydrogen at a certain pressure to the fuel cell stack 4, and the turbine 13 converts the kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen into mechanical energy, and transmits the mechanical energy to the compressor 23 of the air supply unit 2 via the common connecting shaft 3;
the air supply unit 2 provides air with certain pressure and humidity for the fuel cell stack 4, and the air compressor 23 converts mechanical energy transmitted by the common connecting shaft 3 into kinetic energy and pressure potential energy of the air so as to realize primary pressurization of the air.
The hydrogen supply unit 1 further comprises a high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11, a hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12, a first hydrogen pressure sensor 14, a first check valve 15, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16, a hydrogen flow regulating valve 17, a second check valve 18 and a second hydrogen pressure sensor 19; the hydrogen outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the turbine 13 through the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12, the other path is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16, the hydrogen outlet of the turbine 13 is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 through the first one-way valve 15, the air outlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17, the air outlet of the flow regulating valve 17 is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 through the second one-way valve 18, the first hydrogen pressure sensor 14 is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the turbine 13 and the first one-way valve 15, and the second hydrogen pressure sensor 19 is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the second one-way valve 18 and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell;
the air supply unit 2 further includes an air filter 21, a first air three-way solenoid valve 22, a first air pressure sensor 24, a second air three-way solenoid valve 25, an air compressor 26, an intercooler 27, a humidifier 28, and a second air pressure sensor 29; an air outlet of the air filter 21 is connected with an air inlet of an air compressor 23 through a first air three-way electromagnetic valve 22, the other air outlet is connected with an air inlet of an air compressor 26, an air outlet of the air compressor 23 is connected with an air inlet of the air compressor 26 through a second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25, the other air outlet and the air outlet of the air compressor 26 are connected with an air inlet of an intercooler 27, an air outlet of the intercooler 27 is connected with an air inlet of a humidifier 28, an air outlet of the humidifier 28 is connected with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, a first air pressure sensor 24 is arranged on an air pipeline between the air compressor 23 and the first air three-way electromagnetic valve 25, and a second air pressure sensor 29 is arranged on an air pipeline between the humidifier 28 and the air inlet of the;
the turbine 13 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 is connected to the compressor 23 of the air supply unit 2 by a common connecting shaft 3.
Preferably, the common connecting shaft 3 is a mechanical transmission with a gear variable function, which comprises a variable speed control.
In the above solution, the controller 5 is configured to receive hydrogen pressure signals at different positions on the hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen supply unit 1 and air pressure signals at different positions on the air pipeline of the air supply unit 2, send an instruction of an opening direction to the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the first and second air three-way electromagnetic valves 22 and 25 in the air supply unit 2, send an instruction of an opening degree to the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow rate regulating valve 17 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 to control the pressure on the hydrogen pipeline, and send an instruction of a switch to the common connection shaft 3 and the air compressor 26 in the air supply unit 2 to control the pressure on the air pipeline.
In the above scheme, the gas outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 through a pipeline, the first gas outlet of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 is connected to the gas inlet of the turbine 13 through a pipeline, the second gas outlet of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the turbine 13 is connected to the gas inlet of the first check valve 15 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the first check valve 15 is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 is connected to the gas inlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 through a pipeline, the gas outlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 is connected to the gas inlet of the second check valve 18 through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the second check valve 18 is.
In the above scheme, the air outlet of the air filter 21 of the air supply unit 2 is connected with the air inlet of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 through a pipeline, the first air outlet of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 is connected with the air inlet of the air compressor 23 through a pipeline, the second air outlet of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 is connected with the air inlet of the air compressor 26 through a pipeline, the air outlet of the air compressor 23 is connected with the air inlet of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 through a pipeline, the first air outlet of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is connected with the air inlet of the air compressor 26 through a pipeline, the second air outlet of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is connected with the air inlet of the intercooler 27 through a pipeline, the air outlet of the intercooler 27 is connected with the air inlet of the humidifier 28 through a pipeline, the air outlet of the humidifier 28 is connected, thereby forming an air supply line of the fuel cell stack 4.
Specifically, the controller 5 is connected to the first hydrogen pressure sensor 14 and the second hydrogen pressure sensor 19 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the first air pressure sensor 24 and the second air pressure sensor 29 of the air supply unit 2, respectively, through low-pressure signal lines, and receives pressure signals of the pressure sensors; the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 and the first air three-way electromagnetic valve 22 and the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 of the air supply unit 2 are respectively connected through low-voltage switch control lines, and a command of opening direction is sent to the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valves; connected to a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and a hydrogen flow rate regulating valve 17 of the hydrogen supply unit 1 through low pressure control lines, respectively, to control the opening degrees thereof; the speed controller is connected with the speed change controller of the common connecting shaft 3 through a low-voltage control line so as to control the rotating speed of the common connecting shaft 3; the control circuit is connected with an air compressor 26 of the air supply unit 2 through a low-voltage switch control line, sends a switch instruction to the air compressor and sends a pulse width modulation signal to the air compressor 26 through a PWM control mechanism so as to regulate and control the rotating speed of an air compressor motor.
The working process is as follows: the fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging of the embodiment has two working modes, namely a turbocharging mode and a normal air supply mode:
in the turbo-charging mode, the controller 5 opens the first valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 so that the hydrogen gas is delivered through the following path: the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 → the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 → the turbine 13 → the first hydrogen pressure sensor 14 → the first check valve 15 → the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 → the hydrogen flow rate regulating valve 17 → the second check valve 18 → the second hydrogen pressure sensor 19 → the fuel cell stack 4, thereby constituting a hydrogen supply passage in accordance with the power output gas pressure requirement of the fuel cell; at the same time, the controller 5 opens the first valve of the first air three-way electromagnetic valve 22 of the air supply unit 2, and opens the second valve of the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 to make the air delivery path: the air filter 21 → the first air three-way electromagnetic valve 22 → the compressor 23 → the first air pressure sensor 24 → the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 → the intercooler 27 → the humidifier 28 → the second air pressure sensor 29 → the fuel cell stack 4, if the power output of the fuel cell stack 4 is large at this time, the first valve of the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 and the air compressor 26 are opened to make the air delivery path: the air filter 21 → the first air three-way electromagnetic valve 22 → the compressor 23 → the first air pressure sensor 24 → the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 → the air compressor 26 → the intercooler 27 → the humidifier 28 → the second air pressure sensor 29 → the fuel cell stack 4, thereby constituting an air supply passage that meets the power output gas pressure requirement of the fuel cell;
in the process, the high-pressure hydrogen applies work to the turbine 13 when flowing through the turbine, so that the kinetic energy and the pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen are converted into mechanical energy and are transmitted to the air compressor 23 through the common connecting shaft 3, meanwhile, the air compressor 23 applies work to the air entering the air compressor under the driving of the common connecting shaft 3, so that the received mechanical energy is converted into the kinetic energy and the pressure potential energy of the air, so that the primary pressurization of the air flow is realized, and the power requirement of the air compressor 26 on the secondary pressurization of the air flow is reduced, and the power output efficiency of the whole fuel cell engine is improved.
In the normal gas supply mode, the controller 5 opens the second valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 so that the hydrogen gas is delivered through the following path: the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 → the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 → the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 → the hydrogen flow rate adjusting valve 17 → the second check valve 18 → the second hydrogen pressure sensor 19 → the fuel cell stack 4; at the same time, the controller 5 opens the second valve of the first air three-way solenoid valve 22 of the air supply unit 2 and the air compressor 26 to make the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 in a closed state so that the air delivery path is: the air filter 21 → the first air three-way electromagnetic valve 22 → the air compressor 26 → the intercooler 27 → the humidifier 28 → the second air pressure sensor 29 → the fuel cell stack 4;
the controller 5 adjusts the openings of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 to provide hydrogen meeting the pressure requirement for the power output of the fuel cell stack 4, and simultaneously sends a pulse width modulation signal to the air compressor 26 through a PWM control mechanism to regulate the rotating speed of the air compressor motor to provide air meeting the pressure requirement for the power output of the fuel cell stack 4.
In the above process, the first valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 is a valve connecting the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 and the gas inlet pipeline of the turbine 13, and the second valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 is a valve connecting the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 and the gas inlet pipeline of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve pipeline 16; the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is a valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and the air intake duct of the intercooler 27, and the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 is a valve connecting the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and the air intake duct of the air compressor 26.
According to the embodiment, the turbine and the air compressor are respectively additionally arranged in the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit of the fuel cell, the turbine is driven to do work by utilizing high-pressure hydrogen provided by the hydrogen source configured in the fuel cell engine, the kinetic energy and the pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen are converted into mechanical energy and then are transmitted to the air compressor through the common connecting shaft, so that air in the air pipeline is pre-pressurized, the power requirement of the air compressor is further reduced, and the overall power output efficiency of the fuel cell engine is effectively improved.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a control method for a fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging, as shown in fig. 2, specifically including the following steps:
s1, the controller 5 calculates a hydrogen pressure threshold P required at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 4H0Simultaneously turning on the hydrogen supply unit 1;
s2, reading the current hydrogen pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit 1H1According to the hydrogen pressure threshold PH0And the current hydrogen pressure value PH1The magnitude relation of (1) controls the working state of the hydrogen supply unit 1; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, judging PH1－PH0＞ΔPHIf yes, the process goes to S22, otherwise, the process goes to S23;
s22, by decreasing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit 1H1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPH(ii) a The method specifically comprises the following steps: keeping the first valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 in an open state, and adjusting the opening degrees of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 to ensure that P is in a closed stateH1＝PH0+ΔPHMeanwhile, the process proceeds to S3; wherein, the first valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 is a valve connecting the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 and the gas inlet pipeline of the turbine 13;
the controller 5 keeps the first valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 in an open state, so that the high-pressure hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 enters the turbine 13 and applies work to the turbine, thereby converting the kinetic energy and the pressure potential energy of the high-pressure hydrogen into mechanical energy with certain torque and converting the mechanical energy into mechanical energy with certain torqueIs transmitted to a compressor 23 of the air supply unit 2 through a common connecting shaft 3, and then is adjusted to P by adjusting the opening degree of a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and a hydrogen flow regulating valve 17H1＝PH0+ΔPH；
S23, by increasing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit 1H1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPH(ii) a The method specifically comprises the following steps: the second valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 is opened, and the opening degrees of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17 are adjusted to enable PH1＝PH0+ΔPH；
And simultaneously entering S24, opening a second valve of the first air three-way electromagnetic valve and the air compressor, closing the second air three-way electromagnetic valve, and adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor to enable the detection value of the second air pressure sensor and the air pressure threshold value PA0Equal; wherein the air pressure threshold value PA0Calculating the required air pressure threshold value at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack for the controller, returning to S21 to continue judging PH1－PH0＞ΔPHWhether the result is true or not; wherein, the second valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 is a valve connected with the inlet pipeline of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 and the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16;
the controller 5 opens the second valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve 12 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 to make the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 11 directly enter the fuel cell stack 4 through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17, and makes P through adjusting the opening degrees of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 16 and the hydrogen flow regulating valve 17H1＝PH0+ΔPH；
Wherein, Δ PHThe minimum pressure drop value on a hydrogen pipeline between a hydrogen outlet of the turbine and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack;
s3, the controller calculates the air pressure threshold P needed at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 4A0Simultaneously turning on the air supply unit 2;
specifically, the controller 5 opens a first valve of a first air three-way solenoid valve 22 in the air supply unit 2, passes ambient air through the air filter 21, enters the compressor 23, and passes the compressor through the commonThe mechanical energy generated by the turbine 13 in the hydrogen supply unit 1 transmitted by the connecting shaft 3 is converted into the kinetic energy and the pressure potential energy of the air so as to realize the primary pressurization of the air; the controller 5 then calculates a threshold value P of air pressure required at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 4 based on the power output requirement of the fuel cellA0；
S4, reading the current air pressure value P of the air supply unit 2A1According to the air pressure threshold value PA0With the current air pressure value PA1The magnitude relation of (2) controls the operating state of the air supply unit 2; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41, judging PA1－PA0＞ΔPAIf yes, the process goes to S42, otherwise, the process goes to S43;
s42, by decreasing the current pressure value P of the air supply unit 2A1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPA(ii) a The method specifically comprises the following steps: opening the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and bringing P by adjusting the rotation speed of the common connecting shaft 3A1＝PA0+ΔPA(ii) a Wherein, the second valve of the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 is a valve connected with the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 and the air inlet pipeline of the intercooler 27;
the controller 5 opens the second valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and makes the pressure value (P) detected by the second air pressure sensor 29 by adjusting the rotation speed of the common connection shaft 3A1) Satisfies the following conditions: pA1＝PA0+ΔPA；
S43, by increasing the current pressure value P of the air supply unit 2A1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPA(ii) a The method specifically comprises the following steps: opening the first valve of the second air three-way solenoid valve 25 and the air compressor, pressurizing the air and adjusting the rotation speed of the air compressor 26 to make PA1＝PA0+ΔPA(ii) a Wherein, the first valve of the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 is a valve connecting the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 and the air inlet pipeline of the air compressor 26;
the controller 5 opens the first valve of the second air three-way electromagnetic valve 25 and the air compressor 26 respectively to start the two-stage pressurization and communication of the airThe rotational speed of the air compressor 26 is overshot to allow the pressure value (P) detected by the second air pressure sensor 29 to be detectedA1) Satisfies the following conditions: pA1＝PA0+ΔPA；
Wherein, Δ PAThe minimum pressure drop value on an air pipeline between an air outlet of the air compressor and an air inlet of the fuel cell stack through the air compressor.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (12)

1. A fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging is characterized by comprising a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit, a common connecting shaft, a fuel cell stack and a controller; the controller is respectively in communication connection with a hydrogen supply unit, an air supply unit and a common connecting shaft, the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are respectively connected with a fuel cell stack pipeline, and the hydrogen supply unit and the air supply unit are mechanically connected through the common connecting shaft;
the hydrogen supply unit comprises a turbine, the air supply unit comprises a compressor, and the turbine and the compressor are connected through a common connecting shaft.
2. The turbocharging-based fuel cell gas supply system according to claim 1, wherein said hydrogen supply unit further comprises a high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel, a hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, a first hydrogen pressure sensor, a first check valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen flow rate regulating valve, a second check valve and a second hydrogen pressure sensor; the hydrogen outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the turbine through the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve, the other way is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve, the hydrogen outlet of the turbine is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve through the first one-way valve, the air outlet of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve is connected with the air inlet of the hydrogen flow regulating valve, the air outlet of the flow regulating valve is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell pile through the second one-way valve, the first hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the turbine and the first one-way valve, and the second hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline between the second one-way valve and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell pile.
3. The turbocharging-based fuel cell air supply system according to claim 2, wherein said air supply unit comprises an air filter, a first air three-way solenoid valve, a first air pressure sensor, a second air three-way solenoid valve, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier and a second air pressure sensor; air cleaner's air outlet connects all the way in the air inlet of compressor behind the first air three way solenoid valve, and another way connects in the air inlet of air compressor machine, the air outlet of compressor connects all the way in the air inlet of air compressor machine after through second air three way solenoid valve, and another way connects in the air inlet of intercooler with the air outlet of air compressor machine jointly, the gas outlet of intercooler connects in the air inlet of humidifier, the gas outlet of humidifier connects in the air inlet of fuel cell pile, first air pressure sensor sets up on the air pipeline between compressor and first air three way solenoid valve, second air pressure sensor sets up on the air pipeline between humidifier and fuel cell pile air inlet.
4. A turbocharging-based fuel cell air supply system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the common connection shaft is a mechanical transmission with gear variable function, which includes a variable speed control.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to receive a hydrogen pressure signal on a hydrogen line of the hydrogen supply unit and an air pressure signal on an air line of the air supply unit, send an opening command to the hydrogen three-way solenoid valve, the first air three-way solenoid valve, and the second air three-way solenoid valve, send an opening command to the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow rate regulating valve to control the pressure on the hydrogen line, and send an opening command to the common connection shaft and the air compressor and adjust the rotation speed of the common connection shaft and the air compressor to control the pressure on the air line.
6. The fuel cell gas supply system based on turbocharging of claim 5, wherein, the controller is respectively connected with the first hydrogen pressure sensor, the second hydrogen pressure sensor, the first air pressure sensor and the second air pressure sensor through low-pressure signal wires and receives the pressure signals of the pressure sensors; the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve, the first air three-way electromagnetic valve and the second air three-way electromagnetic valve are respectively connected through a low-voltage switch control line, and a command of opening direction is sent to the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve, the first air three-way electromagnetic valve and the second air three-way electromagnetic valve; the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve are respectively connected through a low-pressure control line to control the opening degrees of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve; the speed controller is connected with the speed controller of the common connecting shaft through a low-voltage control line so as to control the rotating speed of the common connecting shaft; the low-voltage switch control line is connected with the air compressor, a switch instruction is sent to the air compressor, and a pulse width modulation signal is sent to the air compressor through a PWM control mechanism so as to regulate and control the rotating speed of a motor of the air compressor.
7. A control method of a fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, the controller calculates the hydrogen pressure threshold P needed at the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stackH0Simultaneously starting the hydrogen supply unit;
s2, reading the current hydrogen pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unitH1According to the hydrogen pressure threshold PH0And the current hydrogen pressure value PH1The size relationship of the hydrogen supply unit controls the working state of the hydrogen supply unit; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s21, judging PH1－PH0＞ΔPHIf yes, the process goes to S22, otherwise, the process goes to S23;
s22, reducing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unitH1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPHMeanwhile, the process proceeds to S3;
s23, increasing the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unitH1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPHThereafter, the process returns to S21 to continue judging PH1－PH0＞ΔPHWhether the result is true or not;
wherein, Δ PHThe minimum pressure drop value on a hydrogen pipeline between a hydrogen outlet of the turbine and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack;
s3, the controller calculates the air pressure threshold P needed at the air inlet of the fuel cell stackA0Simultaneously turning on the air supply unit;
s4, reading the current air pressure value P of the air supply unitA1According to the air pressure threshold value PA0With the current air pressure value PA1The magnitude relation of (a) controls the operating state of the air supply unit.
8. The control method of a turbocharged fuel cell air supply system according to claim 7, wherein the S4 is determined according to the air pressure threshold PA0With the current air pressure value PA1The size relationship of (a) controls the working state of the air supply unit, specifically:
s41, judging PA1－PA0＞ΔPAIf yes, the process goes to S42, otherwise, the process goes to S43;
s42, reducing the current pressure value P of the air supply unitA1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPA；
S43, increasing the current pressure value P of the air supply unitA1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPA；
Wherein, Δ PAThe air outlet of the air compressor passes through the air compressor to the air inlet of the fuel cell stackMinimum pressure drop over the air line.
9. The control method of a turbocharged-based fuel cell air supply system of claim 7, wherein the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit is decreased in S22H1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPHThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
keeping the first valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve in an open state, and adjusting the opening degrees of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve to ensure that P is in a closed stateH1＝PH0+ΔPH(ii) a Wherein, the first valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve is a valve which is connected with the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve and the gas inlet pipeline of the turbine.
10. The control method of a turbocharged fuel cell air supply system according to claim 9, wherein the current pressure value P of the hydrogen supply unit is increased in S23H1Let P standH1＝PH0+ΔPHThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening the second valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve, and adjusting the opening of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen flow regulating valve to ensure that P is equal to PH1＝PH0+ΔPH(ii) a The second valve of the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve is a valve connected with the hydrogen three-way electromagnetic valve and the gas inlet pipeline of the hydrogen pressure reducing valve;
simultaneously, a second valve of the first air three-way electromagnetic valve and the air compressor are opened, the second air three-way electromagnetic valve is closed, and the detection value of the second air pressure sensor and the air pressure threshold value P are enabled to be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressorA0Equal; wherein the air pressure threshold value PA0A required air pressure threshold at an air inlet of the fuel cell stack calculated for a controller.
11. The control method for a turbocharged fuel cell air supply system according to claim 10, wherein the current pressure value P of the air supply unit is decreased in S42A1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPAThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening a second valve of a second air three-way electromagnetic valve and adjusting the rotating speed of the common connecting shaft to enable PA1＝PA0+ΔPA(ii) a Wherein, the second valve of the second air three-way electromagnetic valve is a valve which is connected with the second air three-way electromagnetic valve and the intercooler air inlet pipeline.
12. The control method of a turbocharged-based fuel cell air supply system of claim 11, wherein the current pressure value P of the air supply unit is increased in S43A1Let P standA1＝PA0+ΔPAThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
opening a first valve of the second air three-way electromagnetic valve and the air compressor, pressurizing the air and adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor to enable PA1＝PA0+ΔPA(ii) a Wherein, the first valve of second air three-way solenoid valve is the valve of connecting second air three-way solenoid valve and air compressor machine admission line.
CN201910673127.2A 2019-07-24 2019-07-24 Fuel cell air supply system based on turbocharging and control method thereof Pending CN112290057A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115050996A (en) * 2022-05-17 2022-09-13 致瞻科技(上海)有限公司 Air supply method and air supply system for fuel cell
CN115207420A (en) * 2022-09-09 2022-10-18 北京英博新能源有限公司 Gas flow control system and method for fuel cell and fuel cell system thereof
CN115539415A (en) * 2022-10-17 2022-12-30 中汽创智科技有限公司 Air compressor, fuel cell system and vehicle

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115050996A (en) * 2022-05-17 2022-09-13 致瞻科技(上海)有限公司 Air supply method and air supply system for fuel cell
CN115050996B (en) * 2022-05-17 2023-10-17 致瞻科技(上海)有限公司 Air supply method and air supply system for fuel cell
CN115207420A (en) * 2022-09-09 2022-10-18 北京英博新能源有限公司 Gas flow control system and method for fuel cell and fuel cell system thereof
CN115539415A (en) * 2022-10-17 2022-12-30 中汽创智科技有限公司 Air compressor, fuel cell system and vehicle

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