CN112284932A - Multifunctional multi-direction rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system - Google Patents

Multifunctional multi-direction rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112284932A
CN112284932A CN202011063973.1A CN202011063973A CN112284932A CN 112284932 A CN112284932 A CN 112284932A CN 202011063973 A CN202011063973 A CN 202011063973A CN 112284932 A CN112284932 A CN 112284932A
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seepage
shearing
box
loading
acoustic emission
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周辉
胡明明
卢景景
高阳
胡大伟
张传庆
涂洪亮
徐福通
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
    • G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional multidirectional rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system. The device comprises an outer counterforce frame, an inner counterforce frame and a counterforce frame base; the outer counterforce frame is fixed on the counterforce frame base; the inner counterforce frame is movably connected with the counterforce frame base and matched with the outer counterforce frame; a shear box is arranged in the inner counterforce frame; the multi-field coupling test system also comprises an ultrasonic test system, an acoustic emission test system, a temperature test system and a seepage test system; the ultrasonic testing system, the acoustic emission testing system, the temperature testing system and the seepage testing system are all installed on the shearing box. The invention has the advantages of realizing one-dimensional direction shearing and circular reciprocating shearing, and simultaneously carrying out acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave, seepage and temperature test.

Description

Multifunctional multi-direction rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multi-field coupling test tests such as rock shearing, acoustic emission, ultrasonic waves, seepage, temperature and the like, in particular to a multifunctional multidirectional rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system.
Background
With more and more deep rock engineering in China, the faced engineering geological problems are more and more complex, including the difficult problems of active faults, high ground stress, high ground temperature, high groundwater and the like. The stress redistribution of the rock mass is caused by rock mass excavation, the mechanical property of the rock mass is changed along with the deformation and the damage of the rock mass, and the shear damage has the greatest influence on the engineering safety, so that the research on the mechanical property and the deformation characteristic of the shear damage of the rock mass is a key scientific problem of rock mechanics.
The existing shearing equipment can mainly realize tests such as uniaxial compression shearing, uniaxial tension shearing, reciprocating circular shearing, torsional shearing, triaxial compression shearing, variable-angle shearing and the like, but in actual engineering, a rock body can be influenced by factors such as temperature, underground water, high stress, disturbance stress in different directions and the like, so that the mechanical property and the deformation characteristic of rock shear failure are more complex.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a multidirectional rock mass shearing device considering the factors of temperature, seepage and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multifunctional multidirectional rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system, which can realize one-dimensional and multidirectional shearing and cyclic reciprocating shearing by utilizing a frame shearing test system, simultaneously perform sound emission, ultrasonic wave, seepage and temperature tests and improve the functionality of equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the multifunctional multi-direction rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system is characterized in that: comprises an outer counterforce frame, an inner counterforce frame and a counterforce frame base; the outer counterforce frame is fixed on the counterforce frame base; the inner counterforce frame is movably connected with the counterforce frame base and matched with the outer counterforce frame; a shear box is arranged in the inner counterforce frame;
the multi-field coupling test system also comprises an ultrasonic test system, an acoustic emission test system, a temperature test system and a seepage test system; the ultrasonic testing system, the acoustic emission testing system, the temperature testing system and the seepage testing system are all installed on the shearing box.
In the technical scheme, the outer reaction frame is a square structure with an opening at one end, and an x-direction through hole is formed in the outer reaction frame;
the inner counter-force frame is of a square structure, and a y-direction through hole is formed in the inner counter-force frame;
the reaction frame base is of a concave structure;
the opening of the outer reaction frame is downwards fixed above the reaction frame base and is fixedly connected with the two sides of the reaction frame base;
the inner counterforce frame is connected with the upper end surface of the counterforce frame base in a sliding way through an x-direction sliding rail; the inner counterforce frame slides into the outer counterforce frame through the x-direction through hole and is matched with the outer counterforce frame;
a first stress loading system, a first stress measuring system and a first displacement measuring system are arranged in the inner counterforce frame; a shear box is arranged in the inner counterforce frame;
and a second stress loading system, a second stress measuring system and a second displacement measuring system are arranged inside the outer counterforce frame.
In the above technical solution, the first stress loading system includes a vertical loading cylinder, an x-direction upper left loading cylinder, an x-direction lower left loading cylinder, an x-direction upper right loading cylinder, and an x-direction lower left loading cylinder;
the first stress measurement system comprises a vertical loading force sensor, an x-direction left upper force sensor, an x-direction left lower force sensor, an x-direction right upper force sensor and an x-direction left lower force sensor;
the first displacement measurement system comprises a vertical displacement sensor, an x-direction left displacement sensor supporting rod, an x-direction right displacement sensor and an x-direction right displacement sensor supporting rod;
the x-direction left displacement sensor is arranged on the left side of the lower shearing box through an x-direction left displacement sensor supporting rod;
the x-direction right displacement sensor is mounted on the right side of the lower shear box through an x-direction right displacement sensor support rod.
In the above technical solution, the cutting box includes an upper cutting box and a lower cutting box; the lower shearing box is positioned on the x-direction sliding roller set;
an outer clamping groove of the lower shearing box is arranged on the lower shearing box; the lower shearing box is connected with the y-direction sliding block support through a lower shearing box outer clamping groove and a y-direction sliding roller set; and the y-direction sliding block support is fixed at the bottom of the inner side of the inner counterforce frame.
In the technical scheme, the x-direction right displacement sensor supporting rod, the x-direction left displacement sensor, the x-direction right displacement sensor supporting rod and the x-direction right displacement sensor are respectively arranged on two sides of the lower shearing box;
the x-direction left lower force sensor, the x-direction left lower loading cylinder, the x-direction right lower force sensor and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder are respectively arranged on two sides of the lower shearing box and are positioned above the x-direction left side displacement sensor and the x-direction right side displacement sensor;
the x-direction left upper force sensor, the x-direction left upper loading cylinder, the x-direction right upper loading cylinder and the x-direction right upper force sensor are respectively arranged at two sides of the upper shearing box;
the vertical bearing plate, the vertical loading force sensor and the vertical loading oil cylinder are sequentially arranged above the upper shearing box from bottom to top; the vertical loading oil cylinder is fixed at the top of the inner counter-force frame;
the vertical displacement sensor is arranged on the vertical bearing plate;
the x-direction upper left loading cylinder and the x-direction lower left loading cylinder are both vertically fixed on the left side surface of the inner counterforce frame;
and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder are both vertically fixed on the right side surface of the inner reaction force frame.
In the technical scheme, four movable pulleys are arranged at the bottom of the inner counterforce frame; the movable pulley is connected with the x-direction sliding rail in a sliding mode.
In the technical scheme, the second stress loading system comprises a y-direction right lower loading cylinder, a y-direction right upper loading cylinder, a y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder and a y-direction left upper loading oil cylinder;
the second stress measurement system comprises a y-direction right lower force sensor, a y-direction right upper force sensor, a y-direction left lower force sensor and a y-direction left upper force sensor;
the second displacement measurement system comprises a y-direction right lower displacement sensor and a y-direction left lower displacement sensor;
after the inner counterforce frame slides into the outer counterforce frame to be fixed, the y-direction left lower force sensor, the y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder, the y-direction right lower loading cylinder and the y-direction right lower force sensor are respectively arranged on two sides of the lower shearing box;
the y-direction right lower displacement sensor and the y-direction left lower displacement sensor are respectively arranged on two sides of the lower shearing box and are positioned below the y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder and the y-direction right lower loading cylinder;
the y-direction right lower displacement sensor is vertically fixed on the right side surface of the outer reaction frame;
the y-direction left lower displacement sensor is vertically fixed on the left side surface of the outer reaction frame;
the y-direction left upper force sensor, the y-direction left upper loading oil cylinder, the y-direction right upper loading cylinder and the y-direction right upper force sensor are respectively arranged on two sides of the upper shearing box;
the y-direction lower left loading oil cylinder and the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder are both vertically fixed on the left side surface of the outer counter-force frame;
and the y-direction right lower loading cylinder and the y-direction right upper loading cylinder are both vertically fixed on the right side surface of the outer counter-force frame.
In the above technical solution, the ultrasonic testing system includes a sound wave probe position hole, a sound wave probe fixing spring, a sound wave emitting probe, a sound wave receiving probe, and a sound wave instrument;
the sound wave probe position holes are respectively formed in the middle of the upper end of the upper shearing box and the middle of the lower end of the lower shearing box;
the acoustic emission probe is arranged in an acoustic probe position hole on the upper shearing box through an acoustic probe fixing spring;
the sound wave receiving probe is arranged in a sound wave probe position hole on the lower shearing box through a sound wave probe fixing spring;
the sound wave transmitting probe and the sound wave receiving probe are respectively connected with the sound wave acquisition instrument through leads.
In the technical scheme, the acoustic emission testing system comprises an acoustic emission probe position hole, an acoustic emission probe fixing spring, an acoustic emission probe and an acoustic emission acquisition control system;
the acoustic emission probe is arranged in the acoustic emission probe position hole through an acoustic emission probe fixing spring; the acoustic emission probe is connected with the acoustic emission acquisition control system through a wire;
the acoustic emission probes are multiple; the number of the acoustic emission probes, the acoustic emission probe fixing springs and the number of the acoustic emission probe position holes are equal;
and the acoustic emission probe position holes are respectively arranged on the outer side surface of the opening end of the upper shearing box and the outer side surface of the opening end of the lower shearing box.
In the above technical solution, the temperature testing system includes a heating hole and a heating rod;
the number of the heating holes is multiple; the heating holes are respectively arranged in the middle of the upper end of the upper shearing box and the middle of the lower end of the lower shearing box;
the heating rod is arranged in the heating hole; the heating rod is connected with a temperature controller through a lead;
the temperature control instrument is composed of an actual temperature display screen, a set temperature display screen, a temperature rising set button, a temperature control instrument power switch, a temperature reducing set button and an emergency stop button.
In the technical scheme, the seepage test system comprises a seepage servo pump control system, a liquid collecting container, a y-direction upstream liquid pipeline, an x-direction upstream stop valve, a flow meter, a pressure gauge, a y-direction upstream stop valve, shear surface direction integrated water stop rubber, a seepage pipeline, an x-direction downstream stop valve, a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline and an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline;
the integrated water-stopping rubber in the shearing surface direction is arranged between the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box;
one end of the seepage pipeline is led out from the joint of the upper shearing box and the lower shearing box and is fixed on the integrated water stop rubber in the shearing surface direction;
the upstream of the seepage pipeline is connected with a seepage servo pump control system through a y-direction upstream liquid pipeline and an x-direction upstream liquid pipeline, and the downstream of the seepage pipeline is connected with a liquid collecting container through a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline and an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline;
the y-direction upstream stop valve is arranged on the y-direction upstream liquid pipeline;
the upstream stop valve, the flow meter and the pressure gauge in the x direction are sequentially arranged on the upstream liquid pipeline in the x direction;
the x-direction downstream stop valve is arranged on the x-direction downstream liquid pipeline;
the y-direction downstream cut-off valve is installed on the y-direction downstream liquid pipe.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention can realize one-dimensional direction shearing and circular reciprocating shearing by utilizing the inner frame shearing test system, and can realize the function of the existing shearing equipment;
(2) the invention utilizes the inner frame shearing test system, can realize one-dimensional direction shearing and circulating reciprocating shearing, and simultaneously carries out sound emission, ultrasonic wave, seepage and temperature test, thereby perfecting the functionality of the equipment;
(3) the invention utilizes the inner and outer frame combination test system to realize the shearing in different directions and the cyclic reciprocating shearing, thereby filling the blank of multi-direction shearing equipment;
(4) the invention utilizes the inner and outer frame combination test system, can realize shearing in different directions and cyclic reciprocating shearing, and simultaneously carries out sound emission, ultrasonic wave, seepage and temperature test, thereby perfecting the functionality of the equipment;
(5) the invention can realize the sound emission, ultrasonic wave, seepage flow and temperature test in the shearing process, avoids using single equipment to carry out related test, integrates various test methods into a whole, and greatly improves the test efficiency;
(6) the invention can realize the research of mechanics, acoustics, temperature and seepage characteristics in the shearing process by various testing means, and various testing means can mutually verify the experimental result, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the experimental result.
The multifunctional shear test device for rock mechanics has multiple functions and wide application, can realize shear tests in one-dimensional direction and multiple directions and cyclic reciprocating shear tests, simultaneously performs acoustic emission, ultrasonic waves, seepage and temperature tests, and is a multifunctional shear test device for rock mechanics, which has the advantages of wider use, more functions, simpler and more convenient operation and more conformity with engineering in test mode.
The invention can carry out one-dimensional and multi-directional shearing and seepage tests and simultaneously carry out ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission tests, and has the advantages of realizing not only a single-shaft compression shearing test, a reciprocating circulation shearing test and a shearing seepage test of conventional shearing equipment, but also a shearing test in different directions, a reciprocating circulation shearing test and a shearing seepage test, truly simulating the shearing test in different directions under different stress paths and a shearing test considering groundwater infiltration in the actual engineering excavation process, and simultaneously combining the ultrasonic wave and the acoustic emission tests, so that the test function is wider, the test efficiency is higher, and the reliability of the test result is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an external frame of a multidirectional rock reciprocating shear test system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the section A-A of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the section B-B experimental system in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the section C-C test system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an xz shear box and roller arrangement according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a yz direction shear cartridge and roller arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a layout diagram of an ultrasonic testing system during a shear test according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the temperature testing system layout during the shear test of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a layout view of an acoustic emission testing system during a shear test of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram of a fluid penetration testing system layout during a shear test of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a top view of a fluid permeation circuit, pressure gauge and flow meter arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a side view of a fluid permeation line, pressure gauge and flow meter arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a plan view of the fluid-permeable tubing, pressure gauge and flow meter arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a layout view of the seepage system of the present invention.
In fig. 12, 13, and 14, ml/s represents a flow rate unit of the flow meter; MPa represents the pressure unit of the pressure gauge.
In fig. 4, 5, and 6, x, y, and z are cartesian rectangular coordinates.
In the figure: 1-outer reaction force frame, 2-inner reaction force frame, 3-reaction force frame, 4-x direction right side displacement sensor support rod, 5-y direction slide block support seat, 6-x direction right lower loading cylinder, 7-x direction right side displacement sensor, 8-x direction right lower force sensor, 9-x direction right upper loading cylinder, 10-x direction right upper force sensor, 11-vertical direction bearing plate, 12-vertical direction displacement sensor, 13-movable pulley, 14-y direction sliding roller set, 15-x direction sliding roller set, 16-x direction right side displacement sensor support rod, 17-x direction left lower force sensor, 18-x direction left side displacement sensor, 19-x direction left lower loading cylinder, 20-x direction left upper force sensor, 21-x direction upper left loading cylinder, 22-upper shearing pressure box, 23-rock sample, 24-vertical loading force sensor, 25-vertical loading oil cylinder, 26-y direction lower right loading cylinder, 27-y direction upper right loading cylinder, 28-y direction lower right displacement sensor, 29-y direction lower right force sensor, 30-y direction upper right force sensor, 31-y direction lower left displacement sensor, 32-y direction lower left force sensor, 33-y direction upper left force sensor, 34-y direction lower left loading oil cylinder, 35-y direction upper left loading oil cylinder, 36-x direction slide rail, 37-lower shearing pressure box, 38-lower shearing pressure box outer clamping groove, 39-probe position hole, 40-acoustic emission probe fixing spring, 41-acoustic emission probe, 42-heating hole, 43-heating rod, 44-sound wave probe position hole, 45-sound wave probe fixing spring, 46-sound wave emission probe, 47-sound wave receiving probe, 48-temperature controller, 49-actual temperature display screen, 50-set temperature display screen, 51-temperature-rise setting button, 52-temperature controller power switch, 53-temperature-fall setting button, 54-emergency stop button, 55-sound emission acquisition control system, 56-sound wave acquisition instrument, 57-seepage servo pump control system, 58-liquid collection container, 59-y direction upstream liquid pipeline, 60-x direction upstream liquid pipeline, 61-x direction upstream stop valve, 62-flow meter, 63-pressure meter, 64-y direction upstream stop valve, 65-shearing surface direction integrated water-stop rubber, 66-seepage pipeline, 67-x direction downstream stop valve, 68-y direction downstream stop valve, 69-y direction downstream liquid pipeline, 70-x direction downstream liquid pipeline, 71-first stress loading system, 72-first stress measuring system, 73-first displacement measuring system, 74-second stress loading system, 75-second stress measuring system, 76-second displacement measuring system, 77-shearing box, 78-x direction through hole, 79-y direction through hole, 80-x direction slide rail, 81-ultrasonic testing system, 82-acoustic emission testing system, 83-temperature testing system and 84-seepage testing system.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. While the advantages of the invention will be clear and readily understood by the description.
Referring to fig. 1-14, it can be seen that: the multifunctional multidirectional rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system comprises an outer reaction frame 1, an inner reaction frame 2 and a reaction frame base 3; the outer reaction frame 1 is fixed on the reaction frame base 3; the inner counterforce frame 2 is movably connected with the counterforce frame base 3 and is matched with the outer counterforce frame 1; a shear box 77 is arranged inside the inner counterforce frame 2; the internal reaction frame 2 can be used for realizing a rock sample one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test and can also be used for realizing a multi-direction reciprocating shear test; the multifunctional multidirectional rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system further comprises an ultrasonic test system 81, an acoustic emission test system 82, a temperature test system 83 and a seepage test system 84;
the ultrasonic testing system 81, the acoustic emission testing system 82, the temperature testing system 83 and the seepage testing system 84 are all mounted on the shear box 77 (as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 14); the multi-field coupling test of ultrasonic wave, acoustic emission, temperature and permeability in the multi-direction reciprocating shear test process can be carried out.
Further, the outer reaction frame 1 is a square structure with an opening at one end, and an x-direction through hole 78 is formed in the outer reaction frame 1; the opening of the outer reaction frame 1 is downwards fixed above the reaction frame base 3 and is fixedly connected with the two sides of the reaction frame base 3; the opening of the outer reaction frame 1 is downwards fixed above the reaction frame base 3 and is fixedly connected with the two sides of the reaction frame base 3; the movable pulley 13 slides on the x-direction slide rail 80 to drive the inner reaction frame 2 to slide from the x-direction through hole 78 to the designated position in the outer reaction frame 1 for fixation, and components in the outer reaction frame 1 and the inner reaction frame 2 simultaneously apply stress to the shearing box 77 and measure the stress and displacement, so that the shearing tests in different directions, the reciprocating circular shearing tests, the shearing tests in different directions under different stress paths and the shearing tests under various stress conditions in the actual engineering process are realized, and the test function and the test efficiency are greatly improved;
the inner reaction frame 2 is of a square structure, and a y-direction through hole 79 is formed in the inner reaction frame 2; the second stress loading system 74 in the outer reaction frame 1 applies stress to the shear box 77 through the y-direction through hole 79 and measures stress and displacement; the components in the outer reaction frame 1 and the inner reaction frame 2 can apply stress to the shear box 77 and measure the stress and displacement at the same time, so that the shear test in different directions and the reciprocating circular shear test can be realized;
the reaction frame base 3 is a concave structure with an upward opening (as shown in fig. 1); the inner reaction frame 2 is connected with the upper end surface of the reaction frame base 3 in a sliding way through an x-direction slide rail 80; the inner reaction frame 2 slides into the outer reaction frame 1 through the x-direction through hole 78 and is matched with the outer reaction frame 1 (as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4), so that multi-field coupling tests of ultrasonic waves, acoustic emission, temperature and permeability in the one-dimensional direction and multi-direction shearing test process can be realized.
Further, a first stress loading system 71, a first stress measuring system 72 and a first displacement measuring system 73 are arranged inside the inner counterforce frame 2; a shear box 77 is arranged inside the inner reaction frame 2 (as shown in fig. 2 and 4); a first stress loading system 71 in the inner reaction frame 2 is used to provide loading stress; the first stress measurement system 72 is used to measure stress; the first displacement measurement system 73 is used to measure displacement;
a second stress loading system 74, a second stress measuring system 75 and a second displacement measuring system 76 are arranged inside the outer counterforce frame 1 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4); the second stress loading system 74 in the outer reaction frame 1 is used to provide the loading stress; the second stress measurement system 75 is used to measure stress; the second displacement measurement system 76 is used for measuring displacement and can perform multi-field coupling tests of ultrasonic waves, acoustic emission, temperature and permeability in the multi-direction reciprocating shear test process.
Further, the first stress loading system 71 includes a vertical loading cylinder 25, an x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21, an x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19, an x-direction upper right loading cylinder 9, and an x-direction lower left loading cylinder 6; the first stress measurement system 72 comprises a vertical loading force sensor 24, an x-direction left upper force sensor 20, an x-direction left lower force sensor 17, an x-direction right upper force sensor 10 and an x-direction left lower force sensor 8; the vertical loading cylinder 25 is used for providing vertical stress, and the vertical loading force sensor 24 is used for measuring the stress; the x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21 is used for providing horizontal stress, and the x-direction upper left force sensor 20 is used for measuring stress; the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19 is used for providing horizontal stress, and the x-direction lower left force sensor 17 is used for measuring stress; the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 6 is used for providing horizontal stress, and the x-direction lower left force sensor 8 is used for measuring stress;
the first displacement measurement system 73 comprises a vertical displacement sensor 12, an x-direction left displacement sensor 18, an x-direction left displacement sensor support rod 16, an x-direction right displacement sensor 7 and an x-direction right displacement sensor support rod 4;
the x-direction left displacement sensor 18 is arranged on the left side of the lower shearing box 37 through an x-direction left displacement sensor supporting rod 16; the x-direction left displacement sensor supporting rod 16 plays a role in fixing and supporting the x-direction left displacement sensor 18;
an x-direction right displacement sensor 7 is mounted on the right side of the lower shear box 37 via an x-direction right displacement sensor strut 4 (see fig. 2 and 4); the x-direction right displacement sensor strut 4 plays a role of fixing and supporting the x-direction right displacement sensor 7.
Further, the shear box 77 includes an upper shear box 22 and a lower shear box 37; the lower shear box 37 is positioned on the x-direction sliding roller set 15; the arrangement in this way can realize that the sample can be sheared in the x direction and the y direction, the y direction shearing test can be realized by pushing the lower shearing box 37, and the x direction shearing test can be realized by pushing the outer clamping groove 38 of the lower shearing box;
a lower cutting box external clamping groove 38 is arranged on the lower cutting box 37; the lower cutting box 37 is connected with the y-direction sliding block support 5 through a lower cutting box external clamping groove 38 and the y-direction sliding roller group 14; the y-direction slider support 5 is fixed to the bottom of the inner side of the inner reaction frame 2.
Further, an x-direction right-side displacement sensor strut 16 and an x-direction left-side displacement sensor 18 are arranged on the left side of the lower shear box 37, and an x-direction right-side displacement sensor strut 4 and an x-direction right-side displacement sensor 7 are arranged on the right side of the lower shear box 37;
the x-direction lower left force sensor 17 and the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19 are arranged on the left side of the lower shearing box 37 and above the x-direction left displacement sensor 18;
the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 are arranged on the right side of the lower shearing box 37 and above the x-direction right displacement sensor 7; the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19 provides horizontal stress, the x-direction lower left force sensor 17 is used for measuring the left stress of the lower shearing box 37, and the x-direction left displacement sensor 18 is used for measuring the left displacement of the lower shearing box 37;
the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 provides horizontal stress, the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 is used for measuring the right-side stress of the lower shear box 37, and the x-direction right displacement sensor 7 is used for measuring the right-side displacement of the shear box 37;
an x-direction upper left force sensor 20 and an x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21 are arranged on the left side of an upper shear box 22, and an x-direction upper right loading cylinder 9 and an x-direction upper right force sensor 10 are arranged on the right side of the upper shear box 22 (as shown in fig. 2 and 4); the x-direction provides horizontal stress to the upper left load cylinder 21, and the x-direction measures left stress of the upper shear box 22 to the upper left force sensor 20;
the x-direction provides horizontal stress to the upper right load cylinder 9 and the x-direction measures the right side stress of the upper shear box 22 to the upper right force sensor 10.
The vertical bearing plate 11, the vertical loading force sensor 24 and the vertical loading oil cylinder 25 are sequentially arranged above the upper shearing box 22 from bottom to top; the vertical loading oil cylinder 25 is fixed at the top of the inner counterforce frame 2; the vertical loading oil cylinder 25 provides vertical stress, and the vertical loading force sensor 24 is used for measuring the vertical stress;
the vertical displacement sensor 12 is mounted on the vertical bearing plate 11, arranged above the upper shear box 22 and vertically fixed on the top of the inner reaction force frame 2 (as shown in fig. 2 and 3); the vertical displacement sensor 12 is used to detect the vertical displacement of the shear box 77.
The x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21 and the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19 are both vertically fixed on the left side surface of the inner reaction force frame 2; the x-direction left upper loading cylinder 21 and the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19 are arranged at intervals; the left side of the inner reaction frame 2 supports and fixes the upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction and the lower left loading cylinder 19 in the x direction;
the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9 are both vertically fixed on the right side surface of the inner counterforce frame 2; the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9 are arranged at intervals; the right side of the inner counterforce frame 2 plays a role in supporting and fixing the lower right loading cylinder 6 in the x direction and the upper right loading cylinder 9 in the x direction;
the right side of the shear box 77 provides horizontal loading stress through an x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and an x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9, and the left side provides horizontal loading stress through an x-direction left upper loading cylinder 21 and an x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19;
the x-direction lower left force sensor 17 is positioned at the telescopic end of the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19; the x-direction upper left force sensor 20 is positioned at the telescopic end of the x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21; the x-direction right upper force sensor 10 is positioned at the telescopic end of the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9; the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 is located at the telescopic end of the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 (as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4), and improves the detection accuracy.
Further, four movable pulleys 13 are provided at the bottom of the inner reaction frame 2; the movable pulley 13 is connected with the x-direction slide rail 80 in a sliding mode, the movable pulley 13 slides on the x-direction slide rail 80 to drive the inner reaction force frame 2 to slide in or slide out of the outer reaction force frame 1, and therefore one-dimensional and multi-directional shearing tests are achieved.
Further, the second stress loading system 74 includes a y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26, a y-direction right upper loading cylinder 27, a y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34, and a y-direction left upper loading cylinder 35;
the second stress measurement system 75 comprises a y-direction right lower force sensor 29, a y-direction right upper force sensor 30, a y-direction left lower force sensor 32 and a y-direction left upper force sensor 33; a lower right load cylinder 26 for providing horizontal stress, and a lower right y force sensor 29 for measuring the lower right stress of the shear box 77;
the y-direction upper right load cylinder 27 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction upper right force sensor 3 is used for measuring the upper right stress of the shear box 77;
the y-direction lower left load cylinder 34 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction lower left force sensor 32 is used for measuring the lower left stress of the shear box 77;
the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder 35 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction upper left force sensor 33 is used for measuring the upper left stress of the shear box 77;
the second displacement measurement system 76 includes a y-direction lower-right displacement sensor 28 and a y-direction lower-left displacement sensor 31; the y-direction left lower displacement sensor 31 and the y-direction right lower displacement sensor 28 measure the displacement of the lower shear box 37 from opposite (right and left) sides.
After the inner reaction frame 2 slides into the outer reaction frame 1 and is fixed, the y-direction left lower force sensor 32, the y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder 34, the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right lower force sensor 29 are respectively arranged at two sides of the lower shearing box 37;
the y-direction lower right displacement sensor 28 and the y-direction lower left displacement sensor 31 are respectively arranged on two sides of the lower shearing box 37 and are positioned below the y-direction lower left loading oil cylinder 34 and the y-direction lower right loading cylinder 26;
a y-direction right-lower displacement sensor 28 is vertically fixed to the right side surface of the outer reaction frame 1;
the y-direction lower left displacement sensor 31 is vertically fixed to the left side surface of the outer reaction frame 1; the outer reaction frame 1 provides the fixing and supporting forces for the y-direction lower right displacement sensor 28 and the y-direction lower left displacement sensor 31, respectively.
A y-direction upper left force sensor 33 and a y-direction upper left load cylinder 35 are disposed on the left side of the upper shear box 22, a y-direction upper right load cylinder 27 and a y-direction upper right force sensor 30 are disposed on the right side of the upper shear box 22;
the y-direction lower left loading oil cylinder 34 and the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder 35 are both vertically fixed on the left side surface of the outer counterforce frame 1; the y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder 34 and the y-direction left upper loading oil cylinder 35 are arranged at intervals; the counterforce frame 1 provides fixing and supporting forces for the y-direction lower left loading oil cylinder 34 and the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder 35 respectively.
The y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right upper loading cylinder 27 are both vertically fixed on the right side surface of the outer reaction frame 1; the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right upper loading cylinder 27 are arranged at intervals; the outer reaction frame 1 provides the fixing and supporting forces for the y-direction lower right loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction upper right loading cylinder 27, respectively.
The y-direction left lower force sensor 32 is arranged at the telescopic end of the y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder 34; a y-direction right lower force sensor 29 is provided at the telescopic end of the y-direction right lower load cylinder 26; the y-direction upper left force sensor 33 is arranged at the telescopic end of the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder 35; the y-direction upper right force sensor 30 is provided at the telescopic end of the y-direction upper right load cylinder 27 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4), and improves the detection accuracy.
Further, the ultrasonic testing system 81 includes an acoustic wave probe position hole 44, an acoustic wave probe fixing spring 45, an acoustic wave emitting probe 46, an acoustic wave receiving probe 47, and an acoustic wave meter 56; acoustic probe position holes 44 are respectively provided in the middle of the upper end of the upper shear box 22 and in the middle of the lower end of the lower shear box 37; a sonic wave emission probe 46 is mounted in a sonic wave probe position hole 44 on the upper shear box 22 by a sonic wave probe fixing spring 45; a sound wave receiving probe 47 is mounted in a sound wave probe position hole 44 on the lower shear box 37 through a sound wave probe fixing spring 45; the sound wave transmitting probe 46 and the sound wave receiving probe 47 are respectively connected with a sound wave acquisition instrument 56 through leads (as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7).
Further, the acoustic emission testing system 82 comprises an acoustic emission probe position hole 39, an acoustic emission probe fixing spring 40, an acoustic emission probe 41 and an acoustic emission acquisition control system 55;
the acoustic emission probe 41 is arranged in the acoustic emission probe position hole 39 through an acoustic emission probe fixing spring 40; the acoustic emission probe 41 is connected with the acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 through a wire;
a plurality of acoustic emission probes 41 are provided; the number of the acoustic emission probes 41, the acoustic emission probe fixing springs 40 and the acoustic emission probe position holes 39 are equal; a plurality of acoustic emission probe position holes 39 are provided on the outer side surface of the open end of the upper shear box 22 and the outer side surface of the open end of the lower shear box 37, respectively (see fig. 5, 6, and 9).
Further, the temperature test system 83 includes a heating hole 42 and a heating rod 43; the heating hole 42 is plural; a plurality of heating holes 42 are respectively arranged in the middle of the upper end of the upper shearing box 22 and the middle of the lower end of the lower shearing box 37; the heating rod 43 is disposed in the heating hole 42; the heating rod 43 is connected with a temperature controller 48 through a lead; the number of the heating rods 43 is equal to that of the heating holes 42;
the temperature controller 48 is composed of an actual temperature display screen 49, a set temperature display screen 50, a temperature-increasing setting button 51, a temperature controller power switch 52, a temperature-decreasing setting button 53 and an emergency stop button 54 (as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 8).
Further, the seepage test system 84 includes a seepage servo pump control system 57, a liquid collection container 58, a y-direction upstream liquid pipeline 59, an x-direction upstream liquid pipeline 60, an x-direction upstream stop valve 61, a flow meter 62, a pressure gauge 63, a y-direction upstream stop valve 64, a shear plane direction integrated water stop rubber 65, a seepage pipeline 66, an x-direction downstream stop valve 67, a y-direction downstream stop valve 68, a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline 69, and an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline 70; the shear plane direction integrated water stop rubber 65 is arranged between the upper shear box 22 and the lower shear box 37; one end of the seepage pipeline 66 is led out from the joint of the upper shearing box 22 and the lower shearing box 37 and is fixed on the integrated water stop rubber 65 in the shearing surface direction;
the upstream of the seepage pipeline 66 is connected with a seepage servo pump control system 57 through a y-direction upstream liquid pipeline 59 and an x-direction upstream liquid pipeline 60, and the downstream is connected with a liquid collection container 58 through a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline 69 and an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline 70; the y-direction upstream cut-off valve 64 is installed on the y-direction upstream liquid pipe 59; an upstream stop valve 61, a flow meter 62 and a pressure meter 63 in the x direction are sequentially arranged on the upstream liquid pipeline 60 in the x direction; the x-direction downstream cut-off valve 67 is installed on the x-direction downstream liquid line 70; the y-direction downstream cut-off valve 68 is mounted on the y-direction downstream liquid line 69 (as shown in fig. 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14).
The concrete mode for realizing the one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is as follows:
s51: leaving the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 away from the lower shearing box 37 for a certain distance, applying horizontal shearing stress to the rock sample 23 through the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19, performing a unidirectional shearing test in a displacement control mode, stopping loading after shearing for a certain displacement, and returning the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19 to complete the unidirectional shearing test;
s52: loading the rock sample 23 in the opposite direction through the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 until the rock sample 23 is sheared to a specified distance, stopping loading, and returning the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 to finish a reverse shearing test;
s53: and repeating S51 and S52 to realize the one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample.
The specific mode for realizing the multidirectional reciprocating shear test of the invention is as follows:
s61: realizing a one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample;
the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right lower force sensor 29 are separated from the lower shearing box 37 by a certain distance, horizontal shearing stress is applied to the rock sample 23 through the y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34, a displacement control mode is adopted for carrying out a unidirectional shearing test, loading is stopped after a certain displacement is sheared, and the y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34 is returned, so that the unidirectional shearing test is completed;
s62: loading the rock sample 23 in the opposite direction through the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 until the rock sample 23 is sheared to a specified distance, stopping loading, and returning the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 to finish a reverse shearing test;
s63: and repeating the steps S61 and S62 to realize the multidirectional reciprocating shear test.
And the x, the y and the z are Cartesian rectangular coordinate systems.
The present invention will now be described in detail by way of application examples thereof.
The multifunctional multidirectional rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system can be used for performing ultrasonic, acoustic emission, temperature and permeability multi-field coupling tests in the one-dimensional or multidirectional reciprocating shearing test process.
The invention relates to a shear test, ultrasonic test, temperature test, acoustic emission test and seepage test combined test method of a multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, putting a sample into a shear box, coating glue on the inner side and the outer side of the periphery of the integrated water-stop rubber 65 in the shear plane direction, installing the integrated water-stop rubber between the upper shear box 22 and the lower shear box 37, and leading out a seepage channel through a seepage pipeline 66; the upstream of the seepage pipeline 66 is connected with a seepage servo pump control system 57 through a y-direction upstream liquid pipeline 59 and an x-direction upstream liquid pipeline 60; the downstream of the seepage pipeline 66 is connected with a liquid collecting container (58) through a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline 69 and an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline 70;
step two: turning on the temperature controller 48 by a temperature controller power switch 52, setting to a test specified temperature (e.g., 50 degrees centigrade) by raising a temperature setting button 51, displaying the set temperature on a set temperature display screen 50, heating for a period of time until the temperature sensor acquires the actual temperature, and displaying the actual temperature as the set temperature (50 degrees centigrade) on an actual temperature display screen 49; the temperature of the sample at this time was a set temperature (50 degrees centigrade);
step three: the sound wave acquisition instrument 56 is turned on, the sound wave signal is transmitted through the sound wave transmitting probe 46, is received by the sound wave receiving probe 47 through the sample 23 and is finally received and stored by the sound wave acquisition instrument 56;
step four: installing a plurality of acoustic emission probes 41 in the acoustic emission probe position holes 39 through acoustic emission probe fixing springs 40 respectively, connecting the plurality of acoustic emission probes 41 to an acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 through a wire, opening the acoustic emission acquisition control system 55, and entering an acoustic emission acquisition state;
step five: carrying out a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shearing test or a multi-direction reciprocating cycle shearing test;
the test scheme of the multifunctional multidirectional rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system can be freely combined according to the test requirements:
for example, when the thermosetting coupling characteristic in the shearing process under different temperature conditions is researched, only the temperature control system needs to be opened to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shearing test or a multi-direction reciprocating cycle shearing test under different temperatures;
when the acoustic emission characteristic in the shearing process is researched, only the acoustic emission testing system needs to be opened, and a one-dimensional direction reciprocating circular shearing test or a multidirectional reciprocating circular shearing test under the acoustic emission condition is carried out;
when the ultrasonic characteristics in the shearing process are researched, only an ultrasonic control system needs to be opened, and a one-dimensional direction reciprocating circular shearing test or a multi-direction reciprocating circular shearing test under the ultrasonic condition is carried out;
when the seepage characteristic in the shearing process is researched, only a seepage control system needs to be opened to carry out a one-dimensional direction reciprocating circular shearing test or a multi-direction reciprocating circular shearing test under the seepage condition;
if acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and seepage characteristics at different temperatures are to be researched, a temperature control system, an acoustic emission testing system, an ultrasonic testing system and a seepage system need to be started at the same time, and a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shear test or a multi-direction reciprocating cycle shear test is carried out.
The following examples illustrate that the experimental test schemes of the multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system can be freely combined according to experimental requirements.
Example 1: ultrasonic testing in multi-directional reciprocating shear test process
The embodiment of the invention utilizes the multifunctional multidirectional rock reciprocating shear test device to carry out ultrasonic test in the multidirectional reciprocating shear test process, and the specific test method comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: an acoustic wave transmitting probe 46 is installed in the acoustic wave probe position hole 44 through an acoustic wave probe fixing spring 45, an acoustic wave receiving probe 47 is installed in the acoustic wave probe position hole 44 through the acoustic wave probe fixing spring 45, and the acoustic wave transmitting probe 46 and the acoustic wave receiving probe 47 are connected to the acoustic wave acquisition instrument 56 through wires;
step two: the ultrasonic testing is carried out while the one-dimensional reciprocating shear test is completed, and the specific operation is as follows: the sound wave acquisition instrument 56 transmits sound wave signals through the sound wave transmitting probe 46, the sound wave signals are received by the sound wave receiving probe 47 through the sample 23 and are finally received and stored by the sound wave acquisition instrument 56, and the ultrasonic characteristics in the shearing process are obtained;
step three: and (3) carrying out ultrasonic testing while completing the multi-direction reciprocating shear test, and specifically operating the steps to obtain the ultrasonic characteristics in the shearing process.
Example 2: acoustic emission test in multi-directional reciprocating shear test process
The embodiment utilizes the multifunctional multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing test device to carry out acoustic emission test in the multidirectional reciprocating shearing test process, and the specific test method comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: the eight acoustic emission probes 41 are respectively installed in the eight acoustic emission probe position holes 39 through the eight acoustic emission probe fixing springs 40, and the eight acoustic emission probes 41 are connected to an acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 through wires;
step two: carrying out acoustic emission test while completing the one-dimensional direction reciprocating shearing test, specifically, installing a plurality of acoustic emission probes 41 in acoustic emission probe position holes 39 through acoustic emission probe fixing springs 40 respectively, connecting the plurality of acoustic emission probes 41 to an acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 through a wire, opening the acoustic emission acquisition control system 55, entering an acoustic emission acquisition state, and obtaining acoustic emission characteristics in the shearing process;
step three: and (5) carrying out acoustic emission test while completing the multi-direction reciprocating shearing test, and specifically operating the same step and the step two to obtain the acoustic emission characteristic in the shearing process.
Example 3: multidirectional reciprocating shear test at different temperatures
The embodiment of the invention utilizes the multifunctional multidirectional rock reciprocating shear test device to carry out multidirectional reciprocating shear tests at different temperatures, and the specific test method comprises the following steps,
the method comprises the following steps: eight heating rods 43 are respectively placed in the eight heating holes 42, and the eight heating rods 43 are connected to a temperature controller 48 through wires; turning on the temperature controller 48 through a temperature controller power switch 52, setting a temperature increase through an increase temperature setting button 51 and a decrease temperature through a decrease temperature setting button 53, displaying the set temperature on a set temperature display screen 50, and displaying the actual temperature acquired through the temperature sensor on an actual temperature display screen 49;
step two: and (3) carrying out a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shear test at different temperatures, wherein the test scheme is as follows: firstly, completing sample installation, turning on a temperature controller 48 through a power switch 52 of the temperature controller, setting the temperature to a test specified temperature (such as 50 ℃) through a temperature-raising setting button 51, displaying the set temperature on a set temperature display screen 50, and heating for a period of time until the temperature sensor acquires the actual temperature, and displaying the actual temperature on an actual temperature display screen 49 to be the set temperature (50 ℃); at the moment, the temperature of the sample is set to be 50 ℃, and then a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test is carried out to obtain the thermosetting coupling characteristic in the one-dimensional direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test process;
step three: setting a specified temperature (such as 90 ℃), repeating the step two, completing a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test, and obtaining the thermosetting coupling characteristic in the one-dimensional direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test process; meanwhile, the set temperature (0-100 ℃) can be changed at any time in the one-dimensional direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test process, the one-dimensional direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test at different temperatures is completed, and the thermosetting coupling characteristic in the one-dimensional direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test process at different temperatures is obtained;
step four: and (3) performing multi-direction reciprocating cycle shear tests at different temperatures, wherein the test scheme refers to the second step: firstly, completing sample installation, turning on a temperature controller 48 through a power switch 52 of the temperature controller, setting the temperature to a test specified temperature (such as 50 ℃) through a rising temperature setting button 51, displaying the set temperature on a set temperature display screen 50, and heating for a period of time until the temperature sensor acquires the actual temperature, and displaying the actual temperature as the set temperature (50 ℃) on an actual temperature display screen 49; setting the temperature of the sample at the moment (50 ℃), and then carrying out a multi-direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test to obtain the thermosetting coupling characteristic in the multi-direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test process;
step five: setting a specified temperature (such as 90 ℃), repeating the step four, completing the multi-direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test, and obtaining the thermosetting coupling characteristic in the multi-direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test process; meanwhile, the set temperature (0-100 ℃) can be changed at any time in the multi-direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test process, the multi-direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test at different temperatures is completed, and the thermosetting coupling characteristic in the multi-direction reciprocating cyclic shearing test process at different temperatures is obtained.
Example 4: permeability test in multi-directional reciprocating shear test process
The embodiment utilizes the multifunctional multidirectional rock reciprocating shear test device to test the permeability in the multidirectional reciprocating shear test process, and the specific test method comprises the following steps,
step 1: glue is smeared on the inner side and the outer side of the periphery of the integrated water-stop rubber 65 in the shearing surface direction, then the integrated water-stop rubber is arranged between the upper shearing box 22 and the lower shearing box 37, and a seepage channel is led out through a seepage pipeline 66; the upstream of the seepage pipeline 66 is connected with a seepage servo pump control system 57 through a y-direction upstream liquid pipeline 59 and an x-direction upstream liquid pipeline 60; the downstream of the seepage pipeline 66 is connected with the liquid collecting container 58 through a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline 69 and an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline 70;
step 2: when an x-direction shear seepage test is carried out, the y-direction upstream stop valve 64 and the y-direction downstream stop valve 68 are closed, the x-direction upstream stop valve 61 and the x-direction downstream stop valve 67 are opened, the seepage pressure flow and the flow rate are controlled by a seepage servo pump control system 57, the flow meter 62 records the actual inflow and outflow flow rates, the pressure meter 63 records the upstream and downstream pressures, and the liquid is collected in the liquid collection container 58 through the x-direction downstream liquid pipeline 70;
and step 3: when a y-direction shear seepage test is carried out, the x-direction upstream stop valve 61 and the x-direction downstream stop valve 67 are closed, the y-direction upstream stop valve 64 and the y-direction downstream stop valve 68 are opened, the seepage pressure flow and the flow rate are controlled by a seepage servo pump control system 57, the flow meter 62 records the actual inflow and outflow flow rates, the pressure meter 63 records the upstream and downstream pressures, and the liquid is collected in the liquid collection container 58 through a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline 69;
and 4, step 4: repeating the step 2 and the step 3, and performing a permeability test while completing a one-dimensional reciprocating shear test;
and 5: and (5) repeating the step (2), the step (3) and the step (4), and carrying out a permeability test while completing the multidirectional reciprocating shear test.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system compared with the prior art, the two technical schemes are compared by workers, and the comparison results are as follows:
Figure BDA0002713197150000161
as can be seen from the above table, compared with the prior art, the multifunctional multidirectional rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system can realize shearing and cyclic reciprocating shearing in different directions, can realize shearing tests in different directions and simultaneously perform seepage and/or temperature multi-field coupling tests, and/or perform acoustic emission and/or ultrasonic testing.
Other parts not described belong to the prior art.

Claims (10)

1. The multifunctional multi-direction rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system is characterized in that: comprises an outer reaction frame (1), an inner reaction frame (2) and a reaction frame base (3);
the outer reaction frame (1) is fixed on the reaction frame base (3); the inner reaction frame (2) is movably connected with the reaction frame base (3) and is matched with the outer reaction frame (1); a shear box (77) is arranged inside the inner counterforce frame (2);
the multi-field coupling test system also comprises an ultrasonic test system (81), an acoustic emission test system (82), a temperature test system (83) and a seepage test system (84);
the ultrasonic testing system (81), the acoustic emission testing system (82), the temperature testing system (83) and the seepage testing system (84) are all installed on the shear box (77).
2. The multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system according to claim 1, wherein: the outer reaction frame (1) is of a square structure with one open end, and an x-direction through hole (78) is formed in the outer reaction frame (1);
the inner reaction frame (2) is of a square structure, and a y-direction through hole (79) is formed in the inner reaction frame (2);
the reaction frame base (3) is of a concave structure;
the opening of the outer reaction frame (1) is downwards fixed above the reaction frame base (3) and is fixedly connected with the two sides of the reaction frame base (3);
the inner reaction frame (2) is connected with the upper end surface of the reaction frame base (3) in a sliding way through an x-direction slide rail (80); the inner reaction frame (2) slides into the outer reaction frame (1) through an x-direction through hole (78) and is matched with the outer reaction frame (1);
a first stress loading system (71), a first stress measuring system (72) and a first displacement measuring system (73) are arranged inside the inner counterforce frame (2); a shear box (77) is arranged inside the inner counterforce frame (2);
a second stress loading system (74), a second stress measuring system (75) and a second displacement measuring system (76) are arranged inside the outer counterforce frame (1).
3. The multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system of claim 2, wherein: the first stress loading system (71) comprises a vertical loading cylinder (25), an x-direction left upper loading cylinder (21), an x-direction left lower loading cylinder (19), an x-direction right upper loading cylinder (9) and an x-direction left lower loading cylinder (6);
the first stress measurement system (72) comprises a vertical loading force sensor (24), an x-direction left upper force sensor (20), an x-direction left lower force sensor (17), an x-direction right upper force sensor (10) and an x-direction left lower force sensor (8);
the first displacement measurement system (73) comprises a vertical displacement sensor (12), an x-direction left-side displacement sensor (18), an x-direction left-side displacement sensor support rod (16), an x-direction right-side displacement sensor (7) and an x-direction right-side displacement sensor support rod (4);
the x-direction left displacement sensor (18) is arranged on the left side of the lower shearing box (37) through an x-direction left displacement sensor supporting rod (16);
an x-direction right displacement sensor (7) is mounted on the right side of the lower shear box (37) through an x-direction right displacement sensor strut (4).
4. The multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system according to claim 3, wherein: the shear box (77) comprises an upper shear box (22) and a lower shear box (37); the lower cutting box (37) is positioned on the x-direction sliding roller set (15);
a lower cutting box external clamping groove (38) is arranged on the lower cutting box (37); the lower shearing box (37) is connected with the y-direction sliding block support (5) through a lower shearing box outer clamping groove (38) and a y-direction sliding roller set (14); and the y-direction sliding block support (5) is fixed at the bottom of the inner side of the inner reaction frame (2).
5. The multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system according to claim 4, wherein: an x-direction right displacement sensor strut (16), an x-direction left displacement sensor (18), an x-direction right displacement sensor strut (4), and an x-direction right displacement sensor (7) are respectively arranged on both sides of the lower shear box (37);
an x-direction left lower force sensor (17), an x-direction left lower loading cylinder (19), an x-direction right lower force sensor (8) and an x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6) are respectively arranged on two sides of the lower shearing box (37) and are positioned above an x-direction left side displacement sensor (18) and an x-direction right side displacement sensor (7);
an x-direction left upper force sensor (20), an x-direction left upper loading cylinder (21), an x-direction right upper loading cylinder (9) and an x-direction right upper force sensor (10) are respectively arranged at two sides of an upper shearing box (22);
the vertical bearing plate (11), the vertical loading force sensor (24) and the vertical loading oil cylinder (25) are sequentially arranged above the upper shearing box (22) from bottom to top; the vertical loading oil cylinder (25) is fixed at the top of the inner counterforce frame (2);
the vertical displacement sensor (12) is arranged on the vertical bearing plate (11);
the x-direction left upper loading cylinder (21) and the x-direction left lower loading cylinder (19) are both vertically fixed on the left side surface of the inner reaction force frame (2);
and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6) and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder (9) are both vertically fixed on the right side surface of the inner reaction force frame (2).
6. The multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system according to claim 5, wherein: the second stress loading system (74) comprises a y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26), a y-direction right upper loading cylinder (27), a y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder (34) and a y-direction left upper loading oil cylinder (35);
the second stress measurement system (75) comprises a y-direction right lower force sensor (29), a y-direction right upper force sensor (30), a y-direction left lower force sensor (32) and a y-direction left upper force sensor (33);
the second displacement measurement system (76) comprises a y-direction lower right displacement sensor (28) and a y-direction lower left displacement sensor (31);
after the inner reaction frame (2) slides into the outer reaction frame (1) to be fixed, a y-direction left lower force sensor (32), a y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder (34), a y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26) and a y-direction right lower force sensor (29) are respectively arranged at two sides of the lower shearing box (37);
a y-direction right lower displacement sensor (28) and a y-direction left lower displacement sensor (31) are respectively arranged on two sides of the lower shearing box (37) and are positioned below a y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder (34) and a y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26);
a y-direction right-lower displacement sensor (28) is vertically fixed on the right side surface of the outer reaction force frame (1);
a y-direction left lower displacement sensor (31) is vertically fixed on the left side surface of the outer reaction force frame (1);
a y-direction left upper force sensor (33), a y-direction left upper loading oil cylinder (35), a y-direction right upper loading oil cylinder (27) and a y-direction right upper force sensor (30) are respectively arranged at two sides of the upper shearing box (22);
the y-direction lower left loading oil cylinder (34) and the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder (35) are both vertically fixed on the left side surface of the outer reaction force frame (1);
and the y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26) and the y-direction right upper loading cylinder (27) are both vertically fixed on the right side surface of the outer reaction force frame (1).
7. The multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system according to claim 6, wherein: the ultrasonic testing system (81) comprises an acoustic wave probe position hole (44), an acoustic wave probe fixing spring (45), an acoustic wave transmitting probe (46), an acoustic wave receiving probe (47) and a sound wave instrument (56);
the sound wave probe position holes (44) are respectively arranged in the middle of the upper end of the upper shearing box (22) and the middle of the lower end of the lower shearing box (37);
the sound wave emission probe (46) is arranged in a sound wave probe position hole (44) on the upper shearing box (22) through a sound wave probe fixing spring (45);
the sound wave receiving probe (47) is arranged in a sound wave probe position hole (44) on the lower shearing box (37) through a sound wave probe fixing spring (45);
the sound wave transmitting probe (46) and the sound wave receiving probe (47) are respectively connected with the sound wave acquisition instrument (56) through leads.
8. The multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system of claim 7, wherein: the acoustic emission testing system (82) comprises an acoustic emission probe position hole (39), an acoustic emission probe fixing spring (40), an acoustic emission probe (41) and an acoustic emission acquisition control system (55);
the acoustic emission probe (41) is arranged in the acoustic emission probe position hole (39) through an acoustic emission probe fixing spring (40); the acoustic emission probe (41) is connected with the acoustic emission acquisition control system (55) through a wire;
a plurality of acoustic emission probes (41); the number of the acoustic emission probes (41), the number of the acoustic emission probe fixing springs (40) and the number of the acoustic emission probe position holes (39) are equal;
and a plurality of acoustic emission probe position holes (39) are respectively arranged on the outer side surface of the opening end of the upper shearing box (22) and the outer side surface of the opening end of the lower shearing box (37).
9. The multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system of claim 8, wherein: the temperature test system (83) comprises a heating hole (42) and a heating rod (43);
a plurality of heating holes (42); the heating holes (42) are respectively arranged in the middle of the upper end of the upper shearing box (22) and the middle of the lower end of the lower shearing box (37);
the heating rod (43) is arranged in the heating hole (42); the heating rod (43) is connected with a temperature controller (48) through a lead;
the temperature control instrument (48) is composed of an actual temperature display screen (49), a set temperature display screen (50), a temperature rise setting button (51), a temperature control instrument power switch (52), a temperature fall setting button (53) and an emergency stop button (54).
10. The multifunctional multidirectional rock shear-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system of claim 9, wherein: the seepage test system (84) comprises a seepage servo pump control system (57), a liquid collecting container (58), a y-direction upstream liquid pipeline (59), an x-direction upstream liquid pipeline (60), an x-direction upstream stop valve (61), a flow meter (62), a pressure gauge (63), a y-direction upstream stop valve (64), shear surface direction integrated water stop rubber (65), a seepage pipeline (66), an x-direction downstream stop valve (67), a y-direction downstream stop valve (68), a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline (69) and an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline (70);
the shear plane direction integrated water stop rubber (65) is arranged between the upper shear box (22) and the lower shear box (37);
one end of a seepage pipeline (66) is led out from the joint of the upper shearing box (22) and the lower shearing box (37) and is fixed on the integrated water stop rubber (65) in the shearing surface direction;
the upstream of the seepage pipeline (66) is connected with a seepage servo pump control system (57) through a y-direction upstream liquid pipeline (59) and an x-direction upstream liquid pipeline (60), and the downstream is connected with a liquid collection container (58) through a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline (69) and an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline (70);
a y-direction upstream cut-off valve (64) is installed on the y-direction upstream liquid pipeline (59);
an upstream stop valve (61) in the x direction, a flow meter (62) and a pressure meter (63) are sequentially arranged on an upstream liquid pipeline (60) in the x direction;
the x-direction downstream stop valve (67) is arranged on the x-direction downstream liquid pipeline (70);
a y-direction downstream cut-off valve (68) is installed on the y-direction downstream liquid line (69).
CN202011063973.1A 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Multifunctional multi-direction rock shearing-seepage-temperature multi-field coupling test system Pending CN112284932A (en)

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