CN112284931B - Multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method - Google Patents
Multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
Abstract
The invention discloses a multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method. The method comprises the following steps: installing a temperature test system; step two: installing an ultrasonic testing system; step three: installing an acoustic emission testing system; step four: fixing the shearing box; step five: realizing a one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample; step six: realizing a multi-direction reciprocating shear test; step seven: and performing a multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling test and simultaneously performing an ultrasonic sound emission test. The invention has the advantages of realizing one-dimensional direction shearing and circular reciprocating shearing, and simultaneously carrying out acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and temperature test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multi-field coupling test tests of rock shearing, acoustic emission, ultrasonic waves, temperature and the like, in particular to a multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method.
Background
With more and more deep rock engineering in China, the faced engineering geological problems are more and more complex, including the difficult problems of active faults, high ground stress, high ground temperature and the like. The stress redistribution of the rock mass is caused by rock mass excavation, the mechanical property of the rock mass is changed along with the deformation and the damage of the rock mass, and the shear damage has the greatest influence on the engineering safety, so that the research on the mechanical property and the deformation characteristic of the shear damage of the rock mass is a key scientific problem of rock mechanics.
The existing shearing equipment can mainly realize tests such as uniaxial compression shearing, uniaxial tension shearing, reciprocating circular shearing, torsional shearing, triaxial compression shearing, variable-angle shearing and the like, but in actual engineering, a rock body can be influenced by factors such as temperature, high stress and disturbance stress in different directions, so that the mechanical property and the deformation characteristic of rock shear failure are more complex. The existing equipment can not realize multi-directional shearing and simultaneously carry out temperature, sound emission and ultrasonic test. The actual engineering rock mass can be subjected to shear stress in different directions, meanwhile, surrounding rock stress redistribution is caused by rock mass excavation, the stress state of the rock mass including the stress magnitude and direction is changed, and the test for simultaneously changing the stress magnitude and direction cannot be realized by the conventional equipment; the deep rock engineering is also influenced by temperature, the mechanical properties of a rock structural plane can be obviously changed under the high-temperature condition, and the internal crack propagation information in the rock damage and fracture process can be well obtained through ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission tests, so that the development of multi-direction shearing and temperature equipment combining the ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission tests is very important.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a multi-directional shear, temperature rock mass shearing apparatus that combines ultrasonic and acoustic emission testing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method, which adopts a frame system to realize one-dimensional direction and multidirectional shearing and circulating reciprocating shearing tests, simultaneously performs acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and temperature tests, realizes multi-field coupling test tests of rock shearing, acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave, temperature and the like, has wider test functions and higher test efficiency, and obviously improves the reliability of test results.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
the method comprises the following steps: installing a temperature test system;
disposing a plurality of heating rods in the plurality of heating holes, respectively; the heating rod is connected with a temperature controller through a lead;
step two: installing an ultrasonic testing system;
mounting an acoustic wave receiving probe in an acoustic wave probe position hole on the lower shearing box through an acoustic wave probe fixing spring;
mounting an acoustic wave emission probe in an acoustic wave probe position hole on the upper shearing box through an acoustic wave probe fixing spring;
the sound wave transmitting probe and the sound wave receiving probe are respectively connected with a sound wave acquisition instrument through leads;
step three: installing an acoustic emission testing system;
installing a plurality of acoustic emission probes in the acoustic emission probe position holes through acoustic emission probe fixing springs respectively, and connecting the acoustic emission probes to an acoustic emission acquisition control system through wires;
step four: fixing the shearing box;
step five: realizing a one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample;
step six: realizing a multi-direction reciprocating shear test;
pushing a movable pulley at the bottom of the inner counterforce frame and entering an inner designated position of the outer counterforce frame through an x-direction slide rail;
limiting the displacement of the loading cylinder at the upper right in the y direction to keep the loading cylinder fixed; then increasing the pressure to the upper left loading oil cylinder in the y direction, increasing the pressure to the upper left loading oil cylinder in the y direction to a pressure value which is 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then keeping the pressure value fixed;
realizing a multi-direction reciprocating shear test;
step seven: and performing a multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling test and simultaneously performing an ultrasonic sound emission test.
In the above technical solution, in the fourth step, the specific manner of fixing the shear box is as follows:
s41: putting a sample into a lower shearing box, covering an upper shearing box on the lower shearing box, and then putting the whole shearing box on an x-direction sliding roller set;
s42: a vertical loading force sensor and a vertical loading oil cylinder are tightly pressed on the upper shearing box through a vertical bearing plate to form a vertical stress measuring system;
s43: pressing an x-direction left upper force sensor, an x-direction left upper loading cylinder, an x-direction right upper loading cylinder and an x-direction right upper force sensor on two sides of the upper shearing box;
s44: pressing an x-direction left lower force sensor, an x-direction left lower loading cylinder, an x-direction right lower loading cylinder and an x-direction right lower force sensor on two sides of the lower shearing box;
a horizontal stress measurement system is formed by S43 and S44;
s45: a vertical displacement sensor is arranged on a vertical bearing plate, an x-direction left-side displacement sensor is arranged on the left side of a lower shearing box through an x-direction right-side displacement sensor supporting rod, and an x-direction right-lower loading cylinder is arranged on the right side of the lower shearing box through an x-direction right-side displacement sensor supporting rod to form a displacement measuring system;
s46: applying a vertical force to the rock sample to a target pressure through a vertical loading oil cylinder, and keeping the pressure value constant;
s47: limiting the displacement of the loading cylinder at the upper right in the x direction to keep the loading cylinder fixed; then increasing the pressure to the upper left loading cylinder in the x direction, increasing the pressure to the upper left loading cylinder in the x direction until the pressure value is 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then keeping the pressure value fixed;
and then, fixing the upper part of the shear box.
In the above technical solution, in the step five, the concrete manner of implementing the one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is as follows:
s51: the method comprises the following steps that an x-direction right lower force sensor and an x-direction right lower loading cylinder are separated from a lower shearing box by a certain distance, horizontal shearing stress is applied to a rock sample through the x-direction left lower loading cylinder, a displacement control mode is adopted for carrying out a one-way shearing test, after a section of displacement is sheared, loading is stopped, and the x-direction left lower loading cylinder is returned, so that the one-way shearing test is completed;
s52: loading the rock sample in the opposite direction through the x-direction right lower loading cylinder until the rock sample is sheared to a specified distance, stopping loading, returning the x-direction right lower loading cylinder, and completing a reverse shearing test;
s53: and repeating S51 and S52 to realize the one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample.
In the above technical solution, in the sixth step, a specific manner of implementing the multi-direction reciprocating shear test is as follows:
s61: the method comprises the following steps that a y-direction right lower loading cylinder and a y-direction right lower force sensor are separated from a lower shearing box by a certain distance, a horizontal shearing stress is applied to a rock sample through a y-direction left lower loading cylinder, a displacement control mode is adopted for carrying out a one-way shearing test, after a section of displacement is sheared, the loading is stopped, and the y-direction left lower loading cylinder is returned, so that the one-way shearing test is completed;
s62: loading the rock sample in the reverse direction through the y-direction right-lower loading cylinder until the rock sample is sheared to a specified distance, stopping loading, returning the y-direction right-lower loading cylinder, and completing a reverse shearing test;
s63: and repeating the steps S61 and S62 to realize the multidirectional reciprocating shear test.
In the above technical solution, in the seventh step, the performing of the ultrasonic and acoustic emission test simultaneously in the multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling test specifically comprises: according to the experimental requirements, the temperature of the sample is adjusted while the one-dimensional direction or multi-direction reciprocating shear test is carried out, the sound wave signal is received and stored, the sound emission acquisition control system is started, and the sound emission acquisition state is entered.
In the above technical solution, in the seventh step, the specific manner of adjusting the temperature of the sample is as follows:
turning on a temperature control system, turning on a temperature controller through a power switch of the temperature controller, setting to a test specified temperature through raising a temperature setting button, displaying the set temperature on a set temperature display screen, and heating for a period of time until a temperature sensor obtains an actual temperature and the actual temperature is displayed as the set temperature on an actual temperature display screen; the temperature of the sample at this time was the set temperature.
In the above technical solution, in the seventh step, the specific manner of receiving and storing the acoustic wave signal is as follows:
and (3) starting the acoustic emission testing system, starting the acoustic wave acquisition instrument, transmitting an acoustic wave signal through the acoustic wave transmitting probe, receiving the acoustic wave signal by the acoustic wave receiving probe through the sample, and finally receiving and storing the acoustic wave signal by the acoustic wave acquisition instrument.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention utilizes the inner and outer frame combination test system to realize the shearing in different directions and the cyclic reciprocating shearing, thereby filling the blank of the multi-direction shearing method;
(2) the invention utilizes the inner and outer frame combined test system, can realize shearing in different directions and cyclic reciprocating shearing, and simultaneously carries out acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and temperature test, thereby improving the functionality of the equipment;
(3) the acoustic emission, ultrasonic and temperature testing can be realized in the shearing process, the related test by adopting single equipment is avoided, various testing methods are integrated, and the testing efficiency is greatly improved;
(4) the invention can realize the research of mechanical, acoustic and temperature characteristics in the shearing process by various testing means, and the various testing means can mutually verify the experimental result, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the experimental result.
The invention has multiple functions and wide application, can realize the shearing test in one-dimensional direction and multi-direction and the cyclic reciprocating shearing test, simultaneously carries out the acoustic emission, the ultrasonic wave and the temperature test, and is a rock mechanics multifunctional shearing multi-field coupling test method which has the advantages of wider use, more functions, simpler and more convenient operation and more accordance with the engineering test mode.
The invention can carry out one-dimensional and multi-directional shearing and temperature coupling tests and simultaneously carry out ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission tests, and has the advantages of realizing not only a single-shaft compression shearing test and a reciprocating circulating shearing test of conventional shearing equipment, but also a shearing test in different directions, a reciprocating circulating shearing test, a shearing test in different directions under different stress paths and a shearing test considering temperature in the excavation process of deep rock mass engineering, and simultaneously combining the ultrasonic wave and the acoustic emission tests, so that the test function is wider, the test efficiency is higher, and the reliability of the test result is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an outer frame of a multi-directional rock reciprocating shear test system employed in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the section A-A test system in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the section B-B experimental system in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the C-C section test system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of an xz direction shear box and roller arrangement for a system used in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a yz direction shear box and roller arrangement for a system embodying the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the ultrasonic testing system layout during a shear test of the system employed in the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the temperature testing system layout during a shear test of the system employed in the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a layout view of an acoustic emission testing system during a shear test of the system employed in the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of an experiment of the present invention.
In fig. 4, x, y, and z are cartesian rectangular coordinates.
In the figure: 1-outer reaction force frame, 2-inner reaction force frame, 3-reaction force frame, 4-x direction right side displacement sensor support rod, 5-y direction slide block support seat, 6-x direction right lower loading cylinder, 7-x direction right side displacement sensor, 8-x direction right lower force sensor, 9-x direction right upper loading cylinder, 10-x direction right upper force sensor, 11-vertical direction bearing plate, 12-vertical direction displacement sensor, 13-movable pulley, 14-y direction sliding roller set, 15-x direction sliding roller set, 16-x direction right side displacement sensor support rod, 17-x direction left lower force sensor, 18-x direction left side displacement sensor, 19-x direction left lower loading cylinder, 20-x direction left upper force sensor, 21-x direction upper left loading cylinder, 22-upper shearing pressure box, 23-rock sample, 24-vertical loading force sensor, 25-vertical loading oil cylinder, 26-y direction lower right loading cylinder, 27-y direction upper right loading cylinder, 28-y direction lower right displacement sensor, 29-y direction lower right force sensor, 30-y direction upper right force sensor, 31-y direction lower left displacement sensor, 32-y direction lower left force sensor, 33-y direction upper left force sensor, 34-y direction lower left loading oil cylinder, 35-y direction upper left loading oil cylinder, 36-x direction slide rail, 37-lower shearing pressure box, 38-lower shearing pressure box outer clamping groove, 39-probe position hole, 40-acoustic emission probe fixing spring, 41-acoustic emission probe, 42-heating hole, 43-heating rod, 44-sound wave probe position hole, 45-sound wave probe fixing spring, 46-sound wave emission probe, 47-sound wave receiving probe, 48-temperature controller, 49-actual temperature display screen, 50-set temperature display screen, 51-temperature-rise setting button, 52-temperature controller power switch, 53-temperature-fall setting button, 54-emergency stop button, 55-sound emission acquisition control system, 56-sound wave acquisition instrument, 70-x direction downstream liquid pipeline, 71-first stress loading system, 72-first stress measuring system, 73-first displacement measuring system, 74-second stress loading system, 75-second stress measuring system, 76-second displacement measuring system, 77-shearing box, 78-x direction through hole, 79-y direction through hole, 80-x direction slide rail, 81-ultrasonic testing system, 82-acoustic emission testing system and 83-temperature testing system.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. While the advantages of the invention will be clear and readily understood by the description.
Referring to fig. 1-9, it can be seen that: a multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method is used for carrying out one-dimensional and multidirectional shearing and temperature coupling tests and simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission tests, and has the advantages that not only can a single-shaft compression shearing test and a reciprocating circulation shearing test of conventional shearing equipment be realized, but also a shearing test in different directions, a reciprocating circulation shearing test, a shearing test in different directions under different stress paths and a shearing test considering temperature in the deep rock mass engineering excavation process can be truly simulated, and the ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission tests are combined simultaneously, so that the testing function is wider and the testing efficiency is higher;
the method of the present invention comprises the steps of,
the method comprises the following steps: installing a temperature test system 83;
a plurality of heating rods 43 are respectively arranged in the plurality of heating holes 42; the heating rod 43 is connected with a temperature controller 48 through a lead;
step two: installing an ultrasonic testing system 81;
mounting a sound wave receiving probe 47 in a sound wave probe position hole 44 on the lower shear box 37 via a sound wave probe fixing spring 45;
mounting a sonic transmitting probe 46 in a sonic probe position hole 44 in said upper shear box 22 by a sonic probe securing spring 45;
the sound wave transmitting probe 46 and the sound wave receiving probe 47 are respectively connected with a sound wave acquisition instrument 56 through leads;
step three: installing an acoustic emission testing system 82;
a plurality of acoustic emission probes 41 are respectively installed in the acoustic emission probe position holes 39 through acoustic emission probe fixing springs 40, and the acoustic emission probes 41 are connected to an acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 through wires;
step four: fixing the shearing box;
step five: realizing a one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample;
step six: realizing a multi-direction reciprocating shear test;
four movable pulleys 13 at the bottom of the inner counterforce frame 2 are pushed and can enter the inner appointed position of the outer counterforce frame 1 through an x-direction slide rail;
limiting the displacement of the y-direction upper right loading cylinder 27 to keep it stationary; then increasing the pressure to the upper left loading oil cylinder 35 in the y direction, increasing the pressure to the upper left loading oil cylinder 35 in the y direction to a pressure value which is 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then keeping the pressure value fixed; therefore, the position of the upper shearing box can be fixed in the shearing test process, the shearing test can be better finished, meanwhile, the condition that the pressure of the upper loading cylinder is overlarge (shearing force is more than 1.5 times) caused by overlarge pressure caused by unknown reasons is ensured, the test can be terminated manually in time, the reasons can be checked, and a certain protection effect can be achieved;
realizing a multi-direction reciprocating shear test;
step seven: a multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling test was performed while simultaneously performing ultrasonic and acoustic emission tests (as shown in fig. 10).
The specific scheme for simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission tests on the multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling test can be freely combined according to the test requirements:
for example, when the thermosetting coupling characteristic in the shearing process under different temperature conditions is researched, only the temperature control system needs to be opened to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shearing test or a multi-direction reciprocating cycle shearing test under different temperatures;
when the acoustic emission characteristic in the shearing process is researched, only the acoustic emission testing system needs to be opened, and a one-dimensional direction reciprocating circular shearing test or a multidirectional reciprocating circular shearing test is carried out;
when the coupling characteristic in the shearing process under the ultrasonic condition is researched, only an ultrasonic testing system needs to be started to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating circular shearing test or a multidirectional reciprocating circular shearing test under the ultrasonic condition;
when acoustic emission and ultrasonic characteristics at different temperatures are studied, it is necessary to turn on a temperature control system, an acoustic emission test system, and an ultrasonic test system to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cyclic shear test or a multi-directional reciprocating cyclic shear test (as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9).
Further, in the fourth step, the specific manner of fixing the shear box is as follows:
s41: the sample 23 is put into the lower shear box 37 and the upper shear box 22 is covered on the lower shear box 37, and then the shear box 77 as a whole is put on the x-direction slide roller group 15;
s42: a vertical loading force sensor 24 and a vertical loading oil cylinder 25 are tightly pressed on the upper shearing box 22 through a vertical bearing plate 11 to form a vertical stress measuring system;
s43: pressing an x-direction upper left force sensor 20 and an x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21 to the left side of an upper shear box 22, and pressing an x-direction upper right loading cylinder 9 and an x-direction upper right force sensor 10 to the right side of the upper shear box 22;
s44: the x-direction left lower force sensor 17 and the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19 are tightly pressed on the left side of the lower shearing box 37, and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 are tightly pressed on the right side of the lower shearing box 37;
a horizontal stress measurement system is formed by S43 and S44;
s45: a vertical displacement sensor 12 is arranged on a vertical bearing plate 11, an x-direction left displacement sensor 18 is arranged on the left side of a lower shearing box 37 through an x-direction right displacement sensor supporting rod 16, and an x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 is arranged on the right side of the lower shearing box 37 through an x-direction right displacement sensor supporting rod 4, so that a displacement measuring system is formed;
s46: applying a vertical force to the rock sample 23 to a target pressure through a vertical loading oil cylinder 25, and keeping the pressure value constant;
s47: limiting the displacement of the loading cylinder 9 at the upper right in the x direction to keep the loading cylinder fixed; then, increasing the pressure to the upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction to a pressure value which is 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then keeping the pressure value fixed; therefore, the position of the upper shearing box can be fixed in the shearing test process, the shearing test can be better finished, meanwhile, the condition that the pressure of the upper loading cylinder is overlarge (shearing force is more than 1.5 times) caused by overlarge pressure caused by unknown reasons is ensured, the test can be terminated manually in time, the reasons can be checked, and a certain protection effect can be achieved;
at this point, the upper portion of shear box 77 is fully secured (as shown in FIG. 2).
Further, in the fifth step, a concrete manner of implementing the one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is as follows:
s51: leaving the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 away from the lower shearing box 37 for a certain distance, applying horizontal shearing stress to the rock sample 23 through the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19, performing a unidirectional shearing test in a displacement control mode, stopping loading after shearing for a certain displacement, and returning the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19 to complete the unidirectional shearing test;
s52: loading the rock sample 23 in the opposite direction through the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 until the rock sample 23 is sheared to a specified distance, stopping loading, and returning the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 to finish a reverse shearing test;
s53: and repeating the steps S51 and S52 to realize the rock sample one-dimensional reciprocating shear test (shown in figures 2 and 5).
Further, in the sixth step, a specific manner of implementing the multi-directional reciprocating shear test is as follows:
s61: realizing a one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample;
the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right lower force sensor 29 are separated from the lower shearing box 37 by a certain distance, horizontal shearing stress is applied to the rock sample 23 through the y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34, a displacement control mode is adopted for carrying out a unidirectional shearing test, loading is stopped after a certain displacement is sheared, and the y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34 is returned, so that the unidirectional shearing test is completed;
s62: loading the rock sample 23 in the opposite direction through the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 until the rock sample 23 is sheared to a specified distance, stopping loading, and returning the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 to finish a reverse shearing test;
s63: and repeating the steps S61 and S62 to realize the multidirectional reciprocating shear test (shown in figures 3 and 4).
Further, in the seventh step, the performing the multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling test and the ultrasonic and acoustic emission test at the same time specifically comprises: according to the experiment requirement, while carrying out the one-dimensional direction or multi-direction reciprocating shear test, the temperature of the sample is adjusted, the acoustic emission signal is received and stored, the acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 is started, and the acoustic emission acquisition state is entered (as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 9).
Further, in the seventh step, the specific manner of adjusting the temperature of the sample is as follows:
turning on the temperature control system, turning on the temperature controller 48 through a temperature controller power switch 52, setting to a test specified temperature through a temperature rise setting button 51, displaying the set temperature on a set temperature display screen 50, heating for a period of time until the temperature sensor acquires the actual temperature, and displaying the actual temperature as the set temperature on an actual temperature display screen 49; the temperature of the sample at this time was the set temperature (as shown in fig. 5, 6, and 8).
Further, in step seven, the specific manner of receiving and storing the acoustic wave signal is as follows:
the acoustic emission testing system is turned on, the acoustic wave acquirer 56 is turned on, the acoustic wave signal is transmitted through the acoustic wave transmitting probe 46, and the acoustic wave signal is received by the acoustic wave receiving probe 47 through the sample 23 and is finally received and stored by the acoustic wave acquirer 56 (as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7).
The invention can realize not only the uniaxial compression shear test and the reciprocating circular shear test of the conventional shearing equipment, but also the shear test in different directions, the reciprocating circular shear test, the shear test in different directions under the real simulation of different stress paths and the shear test under various stress conditions in the actual engineering process.
Referring to fig. 1-9, it can be seen that: the test system adopted by the multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method comprises an outer reaction frame 1, an inner reaction frame 2 and a reaction frame base 3;
the outer reaction frame 1 is fixed on the reaction frame base 3; the inner counterforce frame 2 is movably connected with the counterforce frame base 3 and is matched with the outer counterforce frame 1; a shear box 77 is arranged inside the inner counterforce frame 2;
the multi-field coupling test system also comprises an ultrasonic test system 81, an acoustic emission test system 82 and a temperature test system 834;
the ultrasonic testing system 81, the acoustic emission testing system 82 and the temperature testing system 83 are all arranged on the shearing box 77; the multi-field coupling test of ultrasonic wave, acoustic emission, temperature and permeability in the multi-direction reciprocating shear test process can be carried out.
Further, the outer reaction frame 1 is a square structure with an opening at one end, and an x-direction through hole 78 is formed in the outer reaction frame 1; the opening of the outer reaction frame 1 is downwards fixed above the reaction frame base 3 and is fixedly connected with the two sides of the reaction frame base 3; the opening of the outer reaction frame 1 is downwards fixed above the reaction frame base 3 and is fixedly connected with the two sides of the reaction frame base 3; the movable pulley 13 slides on the x-direction slide rail 80 to drive the inner reaction frame 2 to slide from the x-direction through hole 78 to the designated position in the outer reaction frame 1 for fixation, and components in the outer reaction frame 1 and the inner reaction frame 2 simultaneously apply stress to the shearing box 77 and measure the stress and displacement, so that the shearing tests in different directions, the reciprocating circular shearing tests, the shearing tests in different directions under different stress paths and the shearing tests under various stress conditions in the actual engineering process are realized, and the test function and the test efficiency are greatly improved;
the inner reaction frame 2 is of a square structure, and a y-direction through hole 79 is formed in the inner reaction frame 2; the second stress loading system 74 in the outer reaction frame 1 applies stress to the shear box 77 through the y-direction through hole 79 and measures stress and displacement; the components in the outer reaction frame 1 and the inner reaction frame 2 can apply stress to the shear box 77 and measure the stress and displacement at the same time, so that the shear test in different directions and the reciprocating circular shear test can be realized;
the reaction frame base 3 is a concave structure with an upward opening (as shown in fig. 1);
the inner reaction frame 2 is connected with the upper end surface of the reaction frame base 3 in a sliding way through an x-direction slide rail 80; the inner reaction frame 2 slides into the outer reaction frame 1 through the x-direction through hole 78 and is matched with the outer reaction frame 1 (as shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4), so that multi-field coupling tests of ultrasonic waves, acoustic emission, temperature and permeability in the one-dimensional direction and multi-direction shearing test process can be realized; the components in the outer reaction frame 1 and the inner reaction frame 2 simultaneously apply stress to the shear box 77 and measure stress and displacement, so that shear tests in different directions and reciprocating cyclic shear tests are realized.
Further, a first stress loading system 71, a first stress measuring system 72 and a first displacement measuring system 73 are arranged inside the inner counterforce frame 2; a shear box 77 is arranged inside the inner reaction frame 2 (as shown in fig. 2 and 4); a first stress loading system 71 in the inner reaction frame 2 is used to provide loading stress; the first stress measurement system 72 is used to measure stress; the first displacement measurement system 73 is used to measure displacement;
a second stress loading system 74, a second stress measuring system 75 and a second displacement measuring system 76 are arranged inside the outer counterforce frame 1 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4); the second stress loading system 74 in the outer reaction frame 1 is used to provide the loading stress; the second stress measurement system 75 is used to measure stress; the second displacement measurement system 76 is used for measuring displacement and can perform multi-field coupling tests of ultrasonic waves, acoustic emission, temperature and permeability in the multi-direction reciprocating shear test process.
Further, the first stress loading system 71 includes a vertical loading cylinder 25, an x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21, an x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19, an x-direction upper right loading cylinder 9, and an x-direction lower left loading cylinder 6;
the first stress measurement system 72 comprises a vertical loading force sensor 24, an x-direction left upper force sensor 20, an x-direction left lower force sensor 17, an x-direction right upper force sensor 10 and an x-direction left lower force sensor 8; the vertical loading cylinder 25 is used for providing vertical stress, and the vertical loading force sensor 24 is used for measuring the stress; the x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21 is used for providing horizontal stress, and the x-direction upper left force sensor 20 is used for measuring stress; the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19 is used for providing horizontal stress, and the x-direction lower left force sensor 17 is used for measuring stress; the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 6 is used for providing horizontal stress, and the x-direction lower left force sensor 8 is used for measuring stress;
the first displacement measurement system 73 comprises a vertical displacement sensor 12, an x-direction left displacement sensor 18, an x-direction left displacement sensor support rod 16, an x-direction right displacement sensor 7 and an x-direction right displacement sensor support rod 4;
the x-direction left displacement sensor 18 is arranged on the left side of the lower shearing box 37 through an x-direction left displacement sensor supporting rod 16; the x-direction left displacement sensor supporting rod 16 plays a role in fixing and supporting the x-direction left displacement sensor 18;
an x-direction right displacement sensor 7 is mounted on the right side of the lower shear box 37 via an x-direction right displacement sensor strut 4 (see fig. 2 and 4); the x-direction right displacement sensor strut 4 plays a role of fixing and supporting the x-direction right displacement sensor 7.
Further, the shear box 77 includes an upper shear box 22 and a lower shear box 37; the lower shear box 37 is positioned on the x-direction sliding roller set 15; the arrangement in this way can realize that the sample can be sheared in the x direction and the y direction, the y direction shearing test can be realized by pushing the lower shearing box 37, and the x direction shearing test can be realized by pushing the outer clamping groove 38 of the lower shearing box;
a lower cutting box external clamping groove 38 is arranged on the lower cutting box 37; the lower cutting box 37 is connected with the y-direction sliding block support 5 through a lower cutting box external clamping groove 38 and the y-direction sliding roller group 14; the y-direction slider support 5 is fixed to the bottom of the inner side of the inner reaction frame 2.
Further, an x-direction right-side displacement sensor strut 16 and an x-direction left-side displacement sensor 18 are arranged on the left side of the lower shear box 37, and an x-direction right-side displacement sensor strut 4 and an x-direction right-side displacement sensor 7 are arranged on the right side of the lower shear box 37;
the x-direction lower left force sensor 17 and the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19 are arranged on the left side of the lower shearing box 37 and above the x-direction left displacement sensor 18;
the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 are arranged on the right side of the lower shearing box 37 and above the x-direction right displacement sensor 7;
the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19 provides horizontal stress, the x-direction lower left force sensor 17 is used for measuring the left stress of the lower shearing box 37, and the x-direction left displacement sensor 18 is used for measuring the left displacement of the lower shearing box 37;
the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 provides horizontal stress, the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 is used for measuring the right-side stress of the lower shear box 37, and the x-direction right displacement sensor 7 is used for measuring the right-side displacement of the shear box 37;
an x-direction upper left force sensor 20 and an x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21 are arranged on the left side of an upper shear box 22, and an x-direction upper right loading cylinder 9 and an x-direction upper right force sensor 10 are arranged on the right side of the upper shear box 22 (as shown in fig. 2 and 4); the x-direction provides horizontal stress to the upper left load cylinder 21, and the x-direction measures left stress of the upper shear box 22 to the upper left force sensor 20;
the x-direction provides horizontal stress to the upper right load cylinder 9 and the x-direction measures the right side stress of the upper shear box 22 to the upper right force sensor 10.
The vertical bearing plate 11, the vertical loading force sensor 24 and the vertical loading oil cylinder 25 are sequentially arranged above the upper shearing box 22 from bottom to top; the vertical loading oil cylinder 25 is fixed at the top of the inner counterforce frame 2; the vertical loading oil cylinder 25 provides vertical stress, and the vertical loading force sensor 24 is used for measuring the vertical stress;
the vertical displacement sensor 12 is mounted on the vertical bearing plate 11, arranged above the upper shear box 22 and vertically fixed on the top of the inner reaction force frame 2 (as shown in fig. 2 and 3); the vertical displacement sensor 12 is used to detect the vertical displacement of the shear box 77.
The x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21 and the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19 are both vertically fixed on the left side surface of the inner reaction force frame 2; the x-direction left upper loading cylinder 21 and the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19 are arranged at intervals; the left side of the inner reaction frame 2 supports and fixes the upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction and the lower left loading cylinder 19 in the x direction;
the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9 are both vertically fixed on the right side surface of the inner counterforce frame 2; the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9 are arranged at intervals; the right side of the inner counterforce frame 2 plays a role in supporting and fixing the lower right loading cylinder 6 in the x direction and the upper right loading cylinder 9 in the x direction;
the right side of the shear box 77 provides horizontal loading stress through an x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and an x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9, and the left side provides horizontal loading stress through an x-direction left upper loading cylinder 21 and an x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19;
the x-direction lower left force sensor 17 is positioned at the telescopic end of the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19;
the x-direction upper left force sensor 20 is positioned at the telescopic end of the x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21;
the x-direction right upper force sensor 10 is positioned at the telescopic end of the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9;
the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 is located at the telescopic end of the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 (as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4), and improves the detection accuracy.
Further, four movable pulleys 13 are provided at the bottom of the inner reaction frame 2; the movable pulley 13 is connected with the x-direction slide rail 80 in a sliding mode, the movable pulley 13 slides on the x-direction slide rail 80 to drive the inner reaction force frame 2 to slide in or slide out of the outer reaction force frame 1, and therefore one-dimensional and multi-directional shearing tests are achieved.
Further, the second stress loading system 74 includes a y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26, a y-direction right upper loading cylinder 27, a y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34, and a y-direction left upper loading cylinder 35;
the second stress measurement system 75 comprises a y-direction right lower force sensor 29, a y-direction right upper force sensor 30, a y-direction left lower force sensor 32 and a y-direction left upper force sensor 33;
the y-direction lower right load cylinder 26 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction lower right force sensor 29 is used for measuring lower right stress of the shear box 77;
the y-direction upper right load cylinder 27 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction upper right force sensor 3 is used for measuring the upper right stress of the shear box 77;
the y-direction lower left load cylinder 34 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction lower left force sensor 32 is used for measuring the lower left stress of the shear box 77;
the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder 35 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction upper left force sensor 33 is used for measuring the upper left stress of the shear box 77;
the second displacement measurement system 76 includes a y-direction lower-right displacement sensor 28 and a y-direction lower-left displacement sensor 31; the y-direction left lower displacement sensor 31 and the y-direction right lower displacement sensor 28 measure the displacement of the lower shear box 37 from opposite (right and left) sides.
After the inner reaction frame 2 is slid into the outer reaction frame 1 and fixed, the y-direction lower left force sensor 32 and the y-direction lower left loading cylinder 34 are arranged on the left side of the lower shear box 37 and below the y-direction lower right loading cylinder 26;
the y-direction right lower load cylinder 26 and the y-direction right lower force sensor 29 are disposed on the right side of the lower shear box 37 below the y-direction left lower load cylinder 34.
A y-direction right-lower displacement sensor 28 is vertically fixed to the right side surface of the outer reaction frame 1;
the y-direction lower left displacement sensor 31 is vertically fixed to the left side surface of the outer reaction frame 1; the outer reaction frame 1 provides the fixing and supporting forces for the y-direction lower right displacement sensor 28 and the y-direction lower left displacement sensor 31, respectively.
A y-direction upper left force sensor 33 and a y-direction upper left load cylinder 35 are disposed on the left side of the upper shear box 22, a y-direction upper right load cylinder 27 and a y-direction upper right force sensor 30 are disposed on the right side of the upper shear box 22;
the y-direction lower left loading oil cylinder 34 and the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder 35 are both vertically fixed on the left side surface of the outer counterforce frame 1; the y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder 34 and the y-direction left upper loading oil cylinder 35 are arranged at intervals; the counterforce frame 1 provides fixing and supporting forces for the y-direction lower left loading oil cylinder 34 and the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder 35 respectively.
The y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right upper loading cylinder 27 are both vertically fixed on the right side surface of the outer reaction frame 1; the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right upper loading cylinder 27 are arranged at intervals; the outer reaction frame 1 provides the fixing and supporting forces for the y-direction lower right loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction upper right loading cylinder 27, respectively.
The y-direction left lower force sensor 32 is arranged at the telescopic end of the y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder 34;
a y-direction right lower force sensor 29 is provided at the telescopic end of the y-direction right lower load cylinder 26;
the y-direction upper left force sensor 33 is arranged at the telescopic end of the y-direction upper left loading oil cylinder 35;
the y-direction upper right force sensor 30 is provided at the telescopic end of the y-direction upper right load cylinder 27 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4), and improves the detection accuracy.
Further, the ultrasonic testing system 81 includes an acoustic wave probe position hole 44, an acoustic wave probe fixing spring 45, an acoustic wave emitting probe 46, an acoustic wave receiving probe 47, and an acoustic wave meter 56;
acoustic probe position holes 44 are respectively provided in the middle of the upper end of the upper shear box 22 and in the middle of the lower end of the lower shear box 37;
a sonic wave emission probe 46 is mounted in a sonic wave probe position hole 44 on the upper shear box 22 by a sonic wave probe fixing spring 45;
a sound wave receiving probe 47 is mounted in a sound wave probe position hole 44 on the lower shear box 37 through a sound wave probe fixing spring 45;
the sound wave transmitting probe 46 and the sound wave receiving probe 47 are respectively connected with the sound wave acquisition instrument 56 through leads.
Further, the acoustic emission testing system 82 comprises an acoustic emission probe position hole 39, an acoustic emission probe fixing spring 40, an acoustic emission probe 41 and an acoustic emission acquisition control system 55;
the acoustic emission probe 41 is arranged in the acoustic emission probe position hole 39 through an acoustic emission probe fixing spring 40; the acoustic emission probe 41 is connected with the acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 through a wire;
a plurality of acoustic emission probes 41 are provided; the number of the acoustic emission probes 41, the acoustic emission probe fixing springs 40 and the acoustic emission probe position holes 39 are equal;
a plurality of acoustic emission probe position holes 39 are provided on the outer side of the open end of the upper shear box 22 and the outer side of the open end of the lower shear box 37, respectively.
Further, the temperature test system 83 includes a heating hole 42 and a heating rod 43;
the heating hole 42 is plural; a plurality of heating holes 42 are respectively arranged in the middle of the upper end of the upper shearing box 22 and the middle of the lower end of the lower shearing box 37;
the heating rod 43 is disposed in the heating hole 42; the heating rod 43 is connected with a temperature controller 48 through a lead;
the temperature controller 48 is composed of an actual temperature display screen 49, a set temperature display screen 50, a temperature-rising setting button 51, a temperature controller power switch 52, a temperature-lowering setting button 53 and an emergency stop button 54.
The deep rock engineering is also influenced by temperature, the mechanical properties of a rock structural plane can be obviously changed under the high-temperature condition, and the internal crack propagation information in the rock damage and cracking process can be well obtained through ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission tests; the invention can realize not only the uniaxial compression shear test and the reciprocating circular shear test of the conventional shearing equipment, but also the shear test in different directions, the reciprocating circular shear test, the shear test in different directions under the real simulation of different stress paths and the shear test under various stress conditions in the actual engineering process.
And the x, the y and the z are Cartesian rectangular coordinate systems.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method in the invention compared with the prior art, workers compare the two technical schemes, and the comparison result is as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, compared with the prior art, the multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method can realize shearing and circulating reciprocating shearing in different directions, can realize shearing tests in different directions and simultaneously perform multi-field coupling tests such as temperature and the like, and/or perform multi-field coupling tests such as acoustic emission and/or ultrasonic testing and the like.
Other parts not described belong to the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. A multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
the method comprises the following steps: installing a temperature testing system (83);
arranging a plurality of heating rods (43) in the plurality of heating holes (42), respectively; the heating rod (43) is connected with a temperature controller (48) through a lead;
step two: installing an ultrasonic testing system (81);
mounting an acoustic wave receiving probe (47) in an acoustic wave probe position hole (44) on the lower shear box (37) through an acoustic wave probe fixing spring (45);
mounting an acoustic emission probe (46) in an acoustic probe position hole (44) on the upper shear box (22) through an acoustic probe fixing spring (45);
the sound wave transmitting probe (46) and the sound wave receiving probe (47) are respectively connected with a sound wave acquisition instrument (56) through leads;
step three: installing an acoustic emission testing system (82);
a plurality of acoustic emission probes (41) are respectively installed in acoustic emission probe position holes (39) through acoustic emission probe fixing springs (40), and the acoustic emission probes (41) are connected to an acoustic emission acquisition control system (55) through wires;
step four: fixing the shearing box;
in the fourth step, the specific mode of fixing the shear box is as follows:
s41: putting a rock sample (23) into a lower shearing box (37), covering an upper shearing box (22) on the lower shearing box (37), and then putting the whole shearing box (77) on an x-direction sliding roller set (15);
s42: a vertical loading force sensor (24) and a vertical loading oil cylinder (25) are tightly pressed on the upper shearing box (22) through a vertical bearing plate (11) to form a vertical stress measuring system;
s43: pressing an x-direction left upper force sensor (20), an x-direction left upper loading cylinder (21), an x-direction right upper loading cylinder (9) and an x-direction right upper force sensor (10) on two sides of an upper shearing box (22);
s44: pressing an x-direction left lower force sensor (17), an x-direction left lower loading cylinder (19), an x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6) and an x-direction right lower force sensor (8) on two sides of a lower shearing box (37);
a horizontal stress measurement system is formed by S43 and S44;
s45: a vertical displacement sensor (12) is arranged on a vertical bearing plate (11), an x-direction left displacement sensor (18) is arranged on the left side of a lower shearing box (37) through an x-direction left displacement sensor supporting rod (16), and an x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6) is arranged on the right side of the lower shearing box (37) through an x-direction right displacement sensor supporting rod (4), so that a displacement measuring system is formed;
s46: applying a vertical force to the rock sample (23) to a target pressure through a vertical loading oil cylinder (25), and keeping the pressure value constant;
s47: limiting the displacement of the loading cylinder (9) which is arranged at the upper right in the x direction, so that the loading cylinder is kept fixed; then increasing the pressure to the upper left loading cylinder (21) in the x direction, increasing the pressure to the upper left loading cylinder (21) in the x direction until the pressure value is 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then keeping the pressure value fixed;
at this point, the upper part of the shear box (77) is fixed;
step five: realizing a one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample;
step six: realizing a multi-direction reciprocating shear test;
a movable pulley (13) at the bottom of the inner reaction frame (2) is pushed and enters the inner designated position of the outer reaction frame (1) through an x-direction slide rail;
limiting the displacement of the loading cylinder (27) to the upper right in the y direction to keep the loading cylinder fixed; then increasing the pressure to the upper left loading oil cylinder (35) in the y direction, increasing the pressure to the upper left loading oil cylinder (35) in the y direction to a pressure value which is 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then keeping the pressure value fixed;
realizing a multi-direction reciprocating shear test;
the specific mode for realizing the multi-direction reciprocating shear test is as follows:
s61: the y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26) and the y-direction right lower force sensor (29) are separated from the lower shearing box (37) by a certain distance, horizontal shearing stress is applied to the rock sample (23) through the y-direction left lower loading cylinder (34), a displacement control mode is adopted for carrying out a unidirectional shearing test, loading is stopped after a section of displacement is sheared, the y-direction left lower loading cylinder (34) is returned, and the unidirectional shearing test is completed;
s62: loading the rock sample (23) in the opposite direction through the y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26), stopping loading until the rock sample (23) is sheared to a specified distance, and returning the y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26) to finish a reverse shearing test;
s63: repeating the steps S61 and S62 to realize a multidirectional reciprocating shear test;
step seven: performing a multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling test and simultaneously performing ultrasonic and acoustic emission tests;
the specific scheme for simultaneously carrying out ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission tests on the multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling test is free combination according to the test requirements:
when the thermosetting coupling characteristic in the shearing process under different temperature conditions is researched, only the temperature control system is opened, and a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shearing test or a multi-direction reciprocating cycle shearing test under different temperatures is carried out;
when the acoustic emission characteristic in the shearing process is researched, only the acoustic emission testing system is opened, and a one-dimensional direction reciprocating circular shearing test or a multidirectional reciprocating circular shearing test is carried out;
when the coupling characteristic in the shearing process under the ultrasonic condition is researched, only an ultrasonic testing system is started to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating circular shearing test or a multidirectional reciprocating circular shearing test under the ultrasonic condition;
when acoustic emission and ultrasonic wave characteristics at different temperatures are researched, a temperature control system, an acoustic emission testing system and an ultrasonic testing system are started to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating circular shearing test or a multi-direction reciprocating circular shearing test.
2. The multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method of claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the concrete mode for realizing the one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is as follows:
s51: leaving an x-direction right lower force sensor (8) and an x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6) away from a lower shearing box (37) for a certain distance, applying horizontal shearing stress to a rock sample (23) through an x-direction left lower loading cylinder (19), performing a unidirectional shearing test in a displacement control mode, stopping loading after shearing for a certain displacement, and returning the x-direction left lower loading cylinder (19) to finish the unidirectional shearing test;
s52: loading the rock sample (23) in the opposite direction through the x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6), stopping loading until the rock sample (23) is sheared to a specified distance, returning the x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6), and completing a reverse shearing test;
s53: and repeating S51 and S52 to realize the one-dimensional reciprocating shear test of the rock sample.
3. The multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method of claim 2, wherein: in the seventh step, the multidirectional rock reciprocating shearing-acoustic emission-ultrasonic wave-temperature multi-field coupling test specifically comprises the following steps: according to the experiment requirement, the temperature of the sample is adjusted while the one-dimensional direction or multi-direction reciprocating shearing test is carried out, the sound wave signal is received and stored, the sound emission acquisition control system (55) is started, and the sound emission acquisition state is entered.
4. The multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method of claim 3, wherein: in the seventh step, the specific manner of adjusting the temperature of the sample is as follows:
turning on a temperature control system, turning on a temperature controller (48) through a temperature controller power switch (52), setting to a test specified temperature through a temperature rise setting button (51), displaying the set temperature on a set temperature display screen (50), and heating for a period of time until a temperature sensor acquires an actual temperature, and displaying the actual temperature on an actual temperature display screen (49) as the set temperature; the temperature of the sample at this time was the set temperature.
5. The multidirectional rock reciprocating shear-temperature coupling and acoustic testing method of claim 4, wherein: in step seven, the specific manner of receiving and storing the acoustic wave signal is as follows:
and (3) starting the acoustic emission testing system, starting the acoustic wave acquisition instrument (56), transmitting an acoustic wave signal through the acoustic wave transmitting probe (46), receiving the acoustic wave signal by the acoustic wave receiving probe (47) through the rock sample (23), and finally receiving and storing the acoustic wave signal by the acoustic wave acquisition instrument (56).
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