CN112284930B - Multidirectional rock shearing-seepage coupling test method with acoustic test - Google Patents
Multidirectional rock shearing-seepage coupling test method with acoustic test Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 239
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000013028 emission testing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 105
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multidirectional rock shearing-seepage coupling test method with an acoustic test. The method comprises the following steps: installing a seepage test system; step two: installing an ultrasonic testing system; step three: installing an acoustic emission testing system; step four: fixing the shearing box; step five: realizing one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample; step six: realizing a multidirectional reciprocating shear test; step seven: multi-directional rock shear-percolation coupling experiments were performed for acoustic testing. The invention has the advantages of realizing one-dimensional shearing and cyclic reciprocating shearing, and simultaneously carrying out acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and seepage test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multi-field coupling test such as rock shearing, acoustic emission, ultrasonic waves, seepage and the like, in particular to a multi-directional rock shearing-seepage coupling test method with acoustic test.
Background
With the increasing number of deep rock mass projects in China, the facing engineering geological problems are more and more complex, including the problems of movable faults, high ground stress, high groundwater and the like. The rock mass excavation causes stress redistribution of the rock mass, the mechanical properties of the rock mass are changed along with deformation damage of the rock mass, and the shear damage has the greatest influence on engineering safety, so that the research on the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the shear damage of the rock mass is a key scientific problem of rock mechanics.
The existing shearing equipment mainly can realize tests such as uniaxial compression shearing, uniaxial stretching shearing, reciprocating cycle shearing, torsion shearing, triaxial compression shearing, angle-changing shearing and the like, but in actual engineering, rock mass can be influenced by factors such as groundwater, high stress, disturbance stress in different directions and the like, so that the mechanical property and deformation characteristic of rock shearing damage are more complex.
The existing equipment cannot realize multidirectional shearing and simultaneously perform seepage, acoustic emission and ultrasonic test. The actual engineering rock mass can receive shear stress in different directions, surrounding rock stress redistribution is caused by rock mass excavation, stress states of the rock mass are changed, the stress states comprise stress magnitude and stress direction, and the existing equipment cannot realize tests for simultaneously changing the stress magnitude and the stress direction; the physical rock mass engineering is also affected by underground water, the existence of water affects the mechanical properties of the rock mass structural surface, and the ultrasonic wave and sound emission test can well obtain internal crack expansion information in the rock mass damage and rupture process, so that the development of multi-directional shearing and seepage equipment combined with the ultrasonic wave and sound emission test is very important.
Thus, there is a need to develop a multi-directional shearing and seepage rock mass shearing method that combines ultrasonic and acoustic emission testing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multidirectional rock shearing-seepage coupling test method with an acoustic test, which realizes one-dimensional and multidirectional shearing and cyclic reciprocating shearing tests through a frame system, and simultaneously performs acoustic emission, ultrasonic and seepage tests to realize multi-field coupling test such as rock shearing, acoustic emission, ultrasonic and seepage.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a multidirectional rock shear-seepage coupling test method with an acoustic test is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of the method,
Step one: installing a seepage test system;
Firstly, placing a sample into a shear box, coating glue on the inner side and the outer side of the periphery of the shear-face-direction integrated water stop rubber, and then installing the sample between the upper shear box and the lower shear box, and leading out a seepage channel through a seepage pipeline; the upstream of the seepage pipeline is connected with a seepage servo pump control system through an upstream liquid pipeline in the y direction and an upstream liquid pipeline in the x direction; the downstream of the seepage pipeline is connected with the liquid collecting container through a downstream liquid pipeline in the y direction and a downstream liquid pipeline in the x direction;
step two: installing an ultrasonic testing system;
the sound wave transmitting probe is arranged in a sound wave probe position hole on the upper shear box through a sound wave probe fixing spring;
Step three: installing an acoustic emission testing system;
a plurality of acoustic emission probes are respectively arranged in acoustic emission probe position holes through acoustic emission probe fixing springs, and are connected to an acoustic emission acquisition control system through wires;
step four: fixing the shearing box;
step five: realizing one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample;
Step six: realizing a multidirectional reciprocating shear test;
Pushing four movable pulleys at the bottom of the inner reaction frame, and enabling the pulleys to enter an inner appointed position of the outer reaction frame through an x-direction sliding rail;
Limiting the displacement of the loading cylinder to the right in the y direction so as to keep the loading cylinder fixed; then the upper left loading oil cylinder in the y direction increases the pressure, the upper left loading oil cylinder in the y direction increases the pressure to 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then the pressure value is kept unchanged;
Realizing a multidirectional reciprocating shear test;
Step seven: multi-directional rock shear-percolation coupling experiments were performed for acoustic testing.
In the above technical solution, in the fourth step, the specific manner of fixing the shear box is:
S41: placing the sample into a lower shear box, covering an upper shear box on the lower shear box, and then integrally placing the shear box on an x-direction sliding roller set;
S42: the vertical loading force sensor and the vertical loading oil cylinder are tightly pressed on the upper shearing box through the vertical bearing plate to form a vertical stress measuring system;
s43: pressing an upper left force sensor in the x direction, an upper left loading cylinder in the x direction, an upper right loading cylinder in the x direction and an upper right force sensor in the x direction on two sides of an upper shearing box;
S44: pressing the left lower force sensor in the x direction, the left lower loading cylinder in the x direction, the right lower loading cylinder in the x direction and the right lower force sensor in the x direction on two sides of the lower shear box;
forming a horizontal stress measurement system through S43 and S44;
s45: the method comprises the steps that a vertical displacement sensor is arranged on a vertical bearing plate, an x-direction left displacement sensor is arranged on the left side of a lower shear box through an x-direction right displacement sensor support rod, and an x-direction right lower loading cylinder is arranged on the right side of the lower shear box through an x-direction right displacement sensor support rod to form a displacement measurement system;
S46: applying vertical force to the rock sample to target pressure through a vertical loading oil cylinder, and keeping the pressure value constant;
S47: limiting the displacement of the loading cylinder to the right in the x direction so as to keep the loading cylinder fixed; then the upper loading cylinder in the x direction increases the pressure, the upper loading cylinder in the x direction increases the pressure to 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then the pressure value is kept unchanged;
The upper part of the shear box is fixed.
In the above technical scheme, in the fifth step, the concrete mode for realizing the one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is as follows:
s51: the method comprises the steps of enabling an x-direction right lower force sensor and an x-direction right lower loading cylinder to leave a lower shear box for a certain distance, applying horizontal shear stress to a rock sample through an x-direction left lower loading cylinder, performing a unidirectional shear test in a displacement control mode, stopping loading after shearing a section of displacement, and retracting the x-direction left lower loading cylinder to complete the unidirectional shear test;
S52: the rock sample is reversely loaded through the x-direction right lower loading cylinder until the rock sample is sheared to a specified distance, then the loading is stopped, and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder is retracted to complete a reverse shearing test;
s53: and S51 and S52 are repeated, so that the one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is realized.
In the above technical solution, in the sixth step, the specific manner of implementing the multi-directional reciprocating shear test is as follows:
S61: a right lower loading cylinder in the y direction and a right lower force sensor in the y direction are separated from a lower shear box by a certain distance, horizontal shear stress is applied to a rock sample through a left lower loading cylinder in the y direction, a displacement control mode is adopted to carry out a unidirectional shear test, after a section of displacement is sheared, the loading is stopped, and the left lower loading cylinder in the y direction is retracted, so that the unidirectional shear test is completed;
s62: the rock sample is reversely loaded through the right lower loading cylinder in the y direction until the rock sample is sheared to a specified distance, then the loading is stopped, and the right lower loading cylinder in the y direction is retracted to complete a reverse shearing test;
s63: and S61 and S62 are repeated, so that a multidirectional reciprocating shear test is realized.
In the above technical solution, in the seventh step, the multi-directional rock shear-seepage coupling test for performing the acoustic test specifically includes: according to the experimental requirement, receiving and storing the acoustic wave signals while carrying out one-dimensional or multi-directional reciprocating shear test, and opening an acoustic emission acquisition control system to enter an acoustic emission acquisition state.
In the above technical solution, in step seven, the specific manner of receiving and storing the acoustic wave signal is:
And opening the acoustic emission testing system, opening the acoustic wave acquisition instrument, transmitting acoustic wave signals through the acoustic wave transmitting probe, receiving the acoustic wave signals through the sample by the acoustic wave receiving probe, and finally receiving and storing the acoustic wave signals by the acoustic wave acquisition instrument.
In the above technical solution, in the first step, the working process of the seepage test system is as follows: opening a seepage system to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shear test or a multi-directional reciprocating cycle shear test under a seepage condition; when an x-direction shearing seepage test is carried out, a y-direction upstream stop valve and a y-direction downstream stop valve are closed, the x-direction upstream stop valve and the x-direction downstream stop valve are opened, the seepage servo pump control system is used for controlling the seepage pressure flow and the seepage flow, the flow meter is used for recording the actual inflow and outflow flow, the pressure meter is used for recording the upstream and downstream pressure, and the liquid is collected in the liquid collecting container through the x-direction downstream liquid pipeline;
When a y-direction shearing seepage test is performed, an x-direction upstream stop valve and an x-direction downstream stop valve are closed, the y-direction upstream stop valve and the y-direction downstream stop valve are opened, the seepage servo pump control system is used for controlling the seepage pressure flow and the seepage flow, the flowmeter is used for recording the actual inflow and outflow flow, the manometer is used for recording the upstream and downstream pressures, and the liquid is collected in the liquid collecting container through the y-direction downstream liquid pipeline.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention utilizes the combined test system of the inner frame and the outer frame, can realize shearing in different directions and cyclic reciprocating shearing, and fills the blank of a multidirectional shearing method;
(2) The invention utilizes the combined test system of the inner and outer frames, can realize shearing in different directions and cyclic reciprocating shearing, and simultaneously carries out acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and seepage test, thereby improving the functionality of the equipment;
(3) The invention can realize acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and seepage test in the shearing process, avoids adopting a single device to carry out related test, integrates a plurality of test methods into a whole, and greatly improves the test efficiency;
(4) The invention can realize the research of mechanical, acoustic and seepage characteristics in the shearing process by various testing means, and the various testing means can mutually verify the experimental result, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the experimental result.
The invention has multiple functions and wide application, can realize one-dimensional direction and multi-direction shearing and cyclic reciprocating shearing tests, and simultaneously carries out acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and seepage test, thereby being a rock mechanics multifunctional shearing multi-field coupling test method which has wider use, more functions, simpler and more convenient operation and more test mode which accords with engineering.
The ultrasonic wave and sound emission test device can perform one-dimensional and multi-directional shearing and seepage tests and simultaneously perform ultrasonic wave and sound emission tests, and has the advantages that the device can realize the uniaxial compression shearing test, the reciprocating cycle shearing test and the shearing seepage test of conventional shearing equipment, and can realize the shearing tests in different directions, the reciprocating cycle shearing test, the shearing seepage test, the shearing tests in different directions under different stress paths and the shearing test taking groundwater seepage into consideration in the actual engineering excavation process, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic wave and sound emission test is combined, so that the test function is wider, the test efficiency is higher, and the reliability of test results is remarkably improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an outer frame of a multi-directional rock reciprocating shear test system employed in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the section A-A test system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the B-B section test system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the C-C section test system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is an xz-direction shear box and roll shaft arrangement of a system employed in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a yz-direction shear box and roll shaft arrangement of a system employed in the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an ultrasonic testing system during a shear test of a system employed in the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a layout of an acoustic emission testing system during a shear test of a system employed in the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a system for testing the fluid penetration during a shear test of a system employed in the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a top view of a fluid permeation circuit, pressure gauge, and flow meter arrangement of a system employed by the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a side view of a fluid permeation circuit, pressure gauge, and flow meter arrangement of a system employed by the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a plan view of a fluid permeation circuit, pressure gauge and flow meter arrangement of a system employed by the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a seepage system layout of a system employed in the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a flow chart of an experiment of the present invention.
In FIGS. 11, 12 and 13, ml/s represents the flow unit of the flow meter; MPa represents the pressure unit of the pressure gauge.
The x, y, z in fig. 5 and 6 are cartesian rectangular coordinates.
In the figure: 1-outer reaction frame, 2-inner reaction frame, 3-reaction frame, 4-x right displacement sensor strut, 5-y direction slide support, 6-x right lower loading cylinder, 7-x right displacement sensor, 8-x right lower force sensor, 9-x right upper loading cylinder, 10-x right upper force sensor, 11-vertical bearing plate, 12-vertical displacement sensor, 13-movable pulley, 14-y direction sliding roller set, 15-x direction sliding roller set, 16-x right displacement sensor strut, 17-x left lower force sensor, 18-x left displacement sensor, 19-x left lower loading cylinder, 20-x left upper force sensor, an upper left loading cylinder in the 21-x direction, a 22-upper shear pressing box, a 23-rock sample, a 24-vertical loading force sensor, a 25-vertical loading cylinder, a lower right loading cylinder in the 26-y direction, an upper right loading cylinder in the 27-y direction, a lower right displacement sensor in the 28-y direction, a lower right force sensor in the 29-y direction, a right upper force sensor in the 30-y direction, a lower left displacement sensor in the 31-y direction, a lower left force sensor in the 32-y direction, an upper left force sensor in the 33-y direction, a lower left loading cylinder in the 34-y direction, an upper left loading cylinder in the 35-y direction, a 36-x direction slide rail, a 37-lower shear pressing box, an outer clamping groove of the 38-lower shear pressing box, a 39-acoustic emission probe position hole, a 40-acoustic emission probe fixing spring, 41-acoustic emission probe, 44-acoustic probe position hole, 45-acoustic probe fixing spring, 46-acoustic emission probe, 47-acoustic receiving probe, 55-acoustic emission acquisition control system, 56-acoustic acquisition instrument, 57-seepage servo pump control system, 58-liquid collection container, 59-y direction upstream liquid pipeline, 60-x direction upstream liquid pipeline, 61-x direction upstream stop valve, 62-flow meter, 63-pressure meter, 64-y direction upstream stop valve, 65-shear plane direction integrated water stop rubber, 66-seepage pipeline, 67-x direction downstream stop valve, 68-y direction downstream stop valve, 69-y direction downstream liquid line, 70-x direction downstream liquid line, 71-first stress loading system, 72-first stress measuring system, 73-first displacement measuring system, 74-second stress loading system, 75-second stress measuring system, 76-second displacement measuring system, 77-shear box, 78-x direction through hole, 79-y direction through hole, 80-x direction slide rail, 81-ultrasonic testing system, 82-acoustic emission testing system, 84-seepage testing system.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely by way of example. While making the advantages of the present invention clearer and more readily understood by way of illustration.
Referring to fig. 1 to 13, it can be seen that: a multi-directional rock shearing-seepage coupling test method with acoustic test comprises the following steps,
Step one: installing a seepage test system 84;
Firstly, placing a sample into a shear box, coating glue on the inner side and the outer side of the periphery of the shear surface direction integrated water stop rubber 65, then installing the sample between the upper shear box 22 and the lower shear box 37, and leading out a seepage channel through a seepage pipeline 66; the upstream of the seepage pipeline 66 is connected with the seepage servo pump control system 57 through the upstream liquid pipeline 59 in the y direction and the upstream liquid pipeline 60 in the x direction; downstream of the permeate line 66 is connected to the liquid collection vessel 58 by a y-direction downstream liquid line 69, an x-direction downstream liquid line 70;
step two: installing an ultrasonic testing system 81;
mounting an acoustic wave transmitting probe 46 in an acoustic wave probe position hole 44 on the upper shear box 22 through an acoustic wave probe fixing spring 45;
step three: installing an acoustic emission testing system 82;
A plurality of acoustic emission probes 41 are respectively installed in acoustic emission probe position holes 39 through acoustic emission probe fixing springs 40, and the acoustic emission probes 41 are connected to an acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 through wires;
step four: fixing the shearing box;
step five: realizing one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample;
Step six: realizing a multidirectional reciprocating shear test;
Pushing four movable pulleys 13 at the bottom of the inner reaction frame 2, and entering the inner appointed position of the outer reaction frame 1 through an x-direction sliding rail;
Defining the displacement of the upper right loading cylinder 27 in the y direction so as to remain stationary; then the upper left loading oil cylinder 35 in the y direction increases the pressure, the upper left loading oil cylinder 35 in the y direction increases the pressure to 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then the pressure value is kept unchanged; therefore, the position of the upper shearing box in the shearing test process can be ensured to be fixed, the shearing test can be better completed, and meanwhile, when the pressure caused by unknown reasons is too high, the pressure of the upper loading cylinder is caused to be too high (the shearing force is more than 1.5 times of that), the test can be manually and timely stopped, the reasons are checked, and a certain protection effect is achieved;
Realizing a multidirectional reciprocating shear test;
Step seven: a multidirectional rock shear-percolation coupling test (shown in fig. 14) of acoustic testing was performed.
The ultrasonic wave and sound emission test device can perform one-dimensional and multi-directional shearing and seepage tests and simultaneously perform ultrasonic wave and sound emission tests, and has the advantages that the device can realize the uniaxial compression shearing test, the reciprocating cycle shearing test and the shearing seepage test of conventional shearing equipment, and can realize the shearing tests in different directions, the reciprocating cycle shearing test, the shearing seepage test, the shearing tests in different directions under different stress paths and the shearing test taking groundwater seepage into consideration in the actual engineering excavation process, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic wave and sound emission test is combined, so that the test function is wider, the test efficiency is higher, and the reliability of test results is remarkably improved.
Further, in the fourth step, the specific manner of fixing the shear box is:
s41: placing the sample 23 into the lower shear box 37, and covering the upper shear box 22 on the lower shear box 37, and then placing the shear box 77 as a whole on the x-direction slide roller group 15;
s42: the vertical loading force sensor 24 and the vertical loading oil cylinder 25 are tightly pressed on the upper shearing box 22 through the vertical bearing plate 11 to form a vertical stress measuring system;
S43: pressing the upper left force sensor 20 in the x direction, the upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction, the upper right loading cylinder 9 in the x direction and the upper right force sensor 10 in the x direction on two sides of the upper shear box 22;
S44: the x-direction left lower force sensor 17, the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19, the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 are tightly pressed on two sides of the lower shear box 37;
forming a horizontal stress measurement system through S43 and S44;
S45: the vertical displacement sensor 12 is arranged on the vertical bearing plate 11, the x-direction left displacement sensor 18 is arranged on the left side of the lower shear box 37 through the x-direction right displacement sensor support rod 16, and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 is arranged on the right side of the lower shear box 37 through the x-direction right displacement sensor support rod 4, so that a displacement measurement system is formed;
s46: applying a vertical force to the rock sample 23 to a target pressure through the vertical loading cylinder 25, and keeping the pressure value constant;
S47: the displacement of the loading cylinder 9 in the x direction to the right is limited, so that the loading cylinder is kept stationary; then the upper loading cylinder 21 increases the pressure in the x direction, the upper loading cylinder 21 increases the pressure in the x direction to a pressure value which is 1.5 times of the shearing force required for testing, and then the pressure value is kept unchanged; therefore, the position of the upper shearing box in the shearing test process can be ensured to be fixed, the shearing test can be better completed, and meanwhile, when the pressure caused by unknown reasons is too high, the pressure of the upper loading cylinder is caused to be too high (the shearing force is more than 1.5 times of that), the test can be manually and timely stopped, the reasons are checked, and a certain protection effect is achieved;
to this end, the upper portion of the shear box 77 is fixed.
Further, in the fifth step, the concrete way of realizing the one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is as follows:
s51: the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 are separated from the lower shear box 37 for a certain distance, horizontal shear stress is applied to the rock sample 23 through the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19, a displacement control mode is adopted to perform a unidirectional shear test, after a section of displacement is sheared, loading is stopped, the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19 is retracted, and the unidirectional shear test is completed;
S52: the rock sample 23 is reversely loaded through the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 until the rock sample 23 is sheared to a specified distance, and then the loading is stopped, and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 is retracted to complete a reverse shearing test;
s53: and S51 and S52 are repeated, so that the one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is realized.
Further, in the sixth step, the specific manner of implementing the multi-directional reciprocating shear test is:
S61: realizing one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample;
The y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right lower force sensor 29 are separated from the lower shear box 37 by a certain distance, horizontal shear stress is applied to the rock sample 23 through the y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34, a displacement control mode is adopted to perform a unidirectional shear test, after a section of displacement is sheared, loading is stopped, the y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34 is retracted, and the unidirectional shear test is completed;
s62: the rock sample 23 is reversely loaded through the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 until the rock sample 23 is sheared to a specified distance, and then the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 is retracted to complete a reverse shearing test;
s63: and S61 and S62 are repeated, so that a multidirectional reciprocating shear test is realized.
Further, in the seventh step, the multi-directional rock shear-percolation coupling test for performing the acoustic test is specifically: according to the experimental requirement, the one-dimensional direction or multi-directional reciprocating shear test is carried out, the acoustic wave signals are received and stored, the acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 is opened, and the acoustic emission acquisition state is entered.
Further, in step seven, the specific manner of receiving and storing the acoustic wave signal is:
the acoustic emission testing system is turned on, the acoustic wave acquisition instrument 56 is turned on, the acoustic wave signal is transmitted through the acoustic wave transmitting probe 46, the acoustic wave signal is received by the acoustic wave receiving probe 47 through the sample 23, and finally, the acoustic wave signal is received and stored by the acoustic wave acquisition instrument 56.
Further, in step one, the seepage test system 84 operates as follows: opening a seepage system to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shear test or a multi-directional reciprocating cycle shear test under a seepage condition; in the x-direction shear seepage test, the y-direction upstream stop valve 64 and the y-direction downstream stop valve 68 are closed, the x-direction upstream stop valve 61 and the x-direction downstream stop valve 67 are opened, the seepage servo pump control system 57 is used for controlling the seepage pressure flow and the seepage flow, the flowmeter 62 is used for recording the actual inflow and outflow flow, the pressure gauge 63 is used for recording the upstream and downstream pressure, and the liquid is collected in the liquid collecting container 58 through the x-direction downstream liquid pipeline 70;
In the y-direction shear seepage test, the x-direction upstream stop valve 61 and the x-direction downstream stop valve 67 are closed, the y-direction upstream stop valve 64 and the y-direction downstream stop valve 68 are opened, the seepage servo pump control system 57 controls the seepage pressure flow and the seepage flow, the flowmeter 62 records the actual inflow and outflow flow, the pressure gauge 63 records the upstream and downstream pressures, and the liquid is collected in the liquid collecting container 58 through the y-direction downstream liquid pipeline 69.
The test scheme of the test adopted by the multi-directional rock shear-seepage coupling test method with the acoustic test can be freely combined according to the test requirement:
for example, when the coupling characteristic in the shearing process under the ultrasonic wave irradiation condition is studied, only the ultrasonic testing system is required to be opened to perform a one-dimensional reciprocating cycle shearing test or a multi-directional reciprocating cycle shearing test under the ultrasonic wave condition;
When the acoustic emission characteristics in the shearing process are researched, only the acoustic emission testing system is required to be opened to conduct a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shearing test or a multi-directional reciprocating cycle shearing test;
When the coupling characteristic in the shearing process under the seepage condition is researched, only the seepage system is required to be opened to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating cycle shearing test or a multi-directional reciprocating cycle shearing test under the seepage condition; in the x-direction shear seepage test, the y-direction upstream stop valve 64 and the y-direction downstream stop valve 68 are closed, the x-direction upstream stop valve 61 and the x-direction downstream stop valve 67 are opened, the seepage servo pump control system 57 is used for controlling the seepage pressure flow and the seepage flow, the flowmeter 62 is used for recording the actual inflow and outflow flow, the pressure gauge 63 is used for recording the upstream and downstream pressure, and the liquid is collected in the liquid collecting container 58 through the x-direction downstream liquid pipeline 70;
In the y-direction shear seepage test, the x-direction upstream stop valve 61 and the x-direction downstream stop valve 67 are closed, the y-direction upstream stop valve 64 and the y-direction downstream stop valve 68 are opened, the seepage servo pump control system 57 is used for controlling the seepage pressure flow and the seepage flow, the flowmeter 62 is used for recording the actual inflow and outflow flow, the pressure gauge 63 is used for recording the upstream and downstream pressure, and the liquid is collected in the liquid collecting container 58 through the y-direction downstream liquid pipeline 69;
When the characteristics of acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and seepage are researched, the acoustic emission test system, the ultrasonic test system and the seepage system are required to be opened for one-dimensional reciprocating cycle shear test or multidirectional reciprocating cycle shear test.
Referring to fig. 1 to 13, it can be seen that: the test system adopted by the multidirectional rock shearing-seepage coupling test method with the acoustic test comprises an outer reaction frame 1, an inner reaction frame 2 and a reaction frame base 3;
The outer reaction frame 1 is fixed on the reaction frame base 3; the inner reaction frame 2 is movably connected with the reaction frame base 3 and is matched with the outer reaction frame 1; a shear box 77 is arranged inside the inner reaction frame 2; the inner counterforce frame 2 can be used for realizing one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of a rock sample and also can be used for realizing multi-directional reciprocating shear test;
The test system adopted by the multi-directional rock shearing-seepage coupling test method with the acoustic test also comprises an ultrasonic test system 81, an acoustic emission test system 82 and a seepage test system 84; the ultrasonic testing system 81, the acoustic emission testing system 82 and the seepage testing system 84 are all arranged on the shear box 77; the multi-field coupling test of ultrasonic waves, acoustic emission and permeability in the multi-direction reciprocating shear test process can be performed; the actual engineering rock mass can receive shear stress in different directions, surrounding rock stress redistribution is caused by rock mass excavation, stress states of the rock mass are changed, the stress states comprise stress magnitude and stress direction, and the existing equipment cannot realize tests for simultaneously changing the stress magnitude and the stress direction; the physical rock mass engineering is also affected by underground water, the existence of water affects the mechanical properties of the rock mass structural surface, and the ultrasonic wave and sound emission test can well obtain internal crack propagation information in the rock mass damage and cracking process, so that the test function is wider, the test efficiency is higher, and the reliability of the test result is obviously improved.
Further, the outer reaction frame 1 has a square structure with one end open, and the outer reaction frame 1 is provided with an x-direction through hole 78; the opening of the outer reaction frame 1 is downwards fixed above the reaction frame base 3 and is fixedly connected with two sides of the reaction frame base 3; the opening of the outer reaction frame 1 is downwards fixed above the reaction frame base 3 and is fixedly connected with two sides of the reaction frame base 3; the movable pulley 13 slides on the x-direction sliding rail 80 to drive the inner counterforce frame 2 to slide from the x-direction through hole 78 to a designated position in the outer counterforce frame 1 for fixing, and components in the outer counterforce frame 1 and the inner counterforce frame 2 apply stress and measure stress and displacement to the shear box 77 at the same time, so that different-direction shear tests, reciprocating cycle shear tests, different-direction shear tests under different stress paths in a real simulation manner and shear tests under various stress conditions in an actual engineering process are realized, and test functions and test efficiency are greatly improved;
The inner reaction frame 2 is of a square structure, and y-direction through holes 79 are formed in the inner reaction frame 2; the second stress loading system 74 in the outer reaction frame 1 applies stress to the shear box 77 through the y-direction through hole 79 and measures the stress and displacement; the components in the outer counterforce frame 1 and the inner counterforce frame 2 are convenient to apply stress and measure stress and displacement to the shear box 77 at the same time, so that different-direction shear tests and reciprocating cycle shear tests are realized;
The counterforce frame base 3 is of a concave structure with an upward opening (as shown in figure 1);
The inner reaction frame 2 is in sliding connection with the upper end surface of the reaction frame base 3 through an x-direction sliding rail 80; the inner reaction frame 2 slides into the outer reaction frame 1 through the x-direction through hole 78 and is matched with the outer reaction frame 1 (as shown in fig. 1,2, 3 and 4), so that ultrasonic wave, acoustic emission and permeability multi-field coupling tests in one-dimensional and multi-directional shearing tests can be realized, and components in the outer reaction frame 1 and the inner reaction frame 2 simultaneously apply stress and measure stress and displacement to the shearing box 77, so that shearing tests in different directions and reciprocating cycle shearing tests are realized.
Further, there are a first stress loading system 71, a first stress measuring system 72 and a first displacement measuring system 73 arranged inside the inner reaction frame 2; a shear box 77 is arranged inside the inner reaction frame 2 (as shown in fig. 2 and 4); the first stress loading system 71 in the inner reaction frame 2 is used to provide loading stress; the first stress measurement system 72 is used to measure stress; the first displacement measurement system 73 is used to measure displacement;
Having a second stress loading system 74, a second stress measuring system 75 and a second displacement measuring system 76 arranged inside said outer reaction frame 1 (as shown in fig. 3, 4); the second stress loading system 74 in the outer reaction frame 1 is used to provide loading stress; the second stress measurement system 75 is for measuring stress; the second displacement measurement system 76 is used to measure displacement and may be used for ultrasonic, acoustic emission, permeability multi-field coupling testing during multi-directional reciprocating shear testing.
Further, the first stress loading system 71 includes a vertical loading cylinder 25, an x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21, an x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19, an x-direction upper right loading cylinder 9, and an x-direction lower left loading cylinder 6;
The first stress measurement system 72 includes a vertical load force sensor 24, an x-direction upper left force sensor 20, an x-direction lower left force sensor 17, an x-direction upper right force sensor 10, and an x-direction lower left force sensor 8; the vertical loading cylinder 25 is used for providing vertical stress, and the vertical loading force sensor 24 is used for measuring stress; the upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction is used for providing horizontal stress, and the upper left force sensor 20 in the x direction is used for measuring stress; the x-direction lower left loading cylinder 19 is used for providing horizontal stress, and the x-direction lower left force sensor 17 is used for measuring stress; the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 6 is used for providing horizontal stress, and the x-direction left lower force sensor 8 is used for measuring stress;
The first displacement measurement system 73 comprises a vertical displacement sensor 12, an x-direction left displacement sensor 18, an x-direction left displacement sensor strut 16, an x-direction right displacement sensor 7 and an x-direction right displacement sensor strut 4;
The x-direction left side displacement sensor 18 is mounted on the left side of the lower shear box 37 through the x-direction left side displacement sensor strut 16; the left displacement sensor support rod 16 in the x direction plays a role in fixing and supporting the left displacement sensor 18 in the x direction;
The x-direction right side displacement sensor 7 is mounted on the right side of the lower shear box 37 through the x-direction right side displacement sensor strut 4 (as shown in fig. 2 and 4); the x-direction right displacement sensor support rod 4 plays a role in fixing and supporting the x-direction right displacement sensor 7.
Further, the shear box 77 includes an upper shear box 22 and a lower shear box 37; the lower shear box 37 is positioned on the x-direction sliding roller set 15; the arrangement of the way can realize that the sample can finish shearing in the x direction and the y direction, the lower shearing box 37 is pushed to realize the shearing test in the y direction, and the clamping groove 38 outside the lower shearing box is pushed to realize the shearing test in the x direction;
An outer clamping groove 38 of the lower shearing box is arranged on the lower shearing box 37; the lower shear box 37 is connected with the y-direction sliding block support 5 through a lower shear box outer clamping groove 38 and the y-direction sliding roller set 14; the y-direction slide block support 5 is fixed at the bottom of the inner side of the inner reaction frame 2.
Further, the x-direction right side displacement sensor strut 16 and the x-direction left side displacement sensor 18 are arranged on the left side of the lower shear box 37, and the x-direction right side displacement sensor strut 4 and the x-direction right side displacement sensor 7 are arranged on the right side of the lower shear box 37;
An x-direction left lower force sensor 17 and an x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19 are arranged on the left side of the lower shear box 37 above the x-direction left displacement sensor 18; an x-direction right lower force sensor 8 and an x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 are arranged on the right side of the lower shear box 37 and above the x-direction right displacement sensor 7; the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19 provides horizontal stress, the x-direction left lower force sensor 17 is used for measuring left side stress of the lower shear box 37, and the x-direction left side displacement sensor 18 is used for measuring left side displacement of the lower shear box 37; the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 provides horizontal stress, the x-direction right lower force sensor 8 is used for measuring the right side stress of the lower shear box 37, and the x-direction right side displacement sensor 7 is used for measuring the right side displacement of the shear box 37; an x-direction upper left force sensor 20 and an x-direction upper left loading cylinder 21 are arranged on the left side of the upper shear box 22, and an x-direction upper right loading cylinder 9 and an x-direction upper right force sensor 10 are arranged on the right side of the upper shear box 22 (as shown in fig. 2 and 4); the upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction provides horizontal stress, and the upper left force sensor 20 in the x direction measures left side stress of the upper shear box 22; the upper right loading cylinder 9 in the x-direction provides horizontal stress and the upper right force sensor 10 in the x-direction measures the right side stress of the upper shear box 22.
The vertical bearing plate 11, the vertical loading force sensor 24 and the vertical loading oil cylinder 25 are sequentially arranged above the upper shearing box 22 from bottom to top; the vertical loading oil cylinder 25 is fixed at the top of the inner reaction frame 2; the vertical loading cylinder 25 provides vertical stress, and the vertical loading force sensor 24 is used for measuring the vertical stress;
the vertical displacement sensor 12 is mounted on the vertical bearing plate 11, is arranged above the upper shear box 22, and is vertically fixed on the top of the inner reaction frame 2 (as shown in fig. 2 and 3); the vertical displacement sensor 12 is for detecting vertical displacement of the shear box 77.
The upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction and the lower left loading cylinder 19 in the x direction are vertically fixed on the left side surface of the inner reaction frame 2; the upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction and the lower left loading cylinder 19 in the x direction are arranged at intervals; the left side of the inner counterforce frame 2 plays a role in supporting and fixing an upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction and a lower left loading cylinder 19 in the x direction;
The x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9 are vertically fixed on the right side surface of the inner reaction frame 2; the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9 are arranged at intervals; the right side surface of the inner counterforce frame 2 plays a supporting and fixing role on the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9;
the right side of the shear box 77 provides horizontal loading stress through the x-direction right lower loading cylinder 6 and the x-direction right upper loading cylinder 9, and the left side provides horizontal loading stress through the x-direction left upper loading cylinder 21 and the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19;
The x-direction left lower force sensor 17 is positioned at the telescopic end of the x-direction left lower loading cylinder 19;
the upper left force sensor 20 in the x direction is positioned at the telescopic end of the upper left loading cylinder 21 in the x direction;
the upper right force sensor 10 in the x direction is positioned at the telescopic end of the upper right loading cylinder 9 in the x direction;
The x-direction lower right force sensor 8 is positioned at the telescopic end of the x-direction lower right loading cylinder 6 (as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4), so that the detection accuracy is improved.
Further, four movable pulleys 13 are provided at the bottom of the inner reaction frame 2; the movable pulley 13 is in sliding connection with the x-direction sliding rail 80, and the movable pulley 13 slides on the x-direction sliding rail 80 to drive the inner reaction frame 2 to slide into or slide out of the outer reaction frame 1, so that one-dimensional and multi-directional shearing tests are realized.
Further, the second stress loading system 74 includes a y-direction lower right loading cylinder 26, a y-direction upper right loading cylinder 27, a y-direction lower left loading cylinder 34, and a y-direction upper left loading cylinder 35;
The second stress measurement system 75 includes a y-direction lower right force sensor 29, a y-direction upper right force sensor 30, a y-direction lower left force sensor 32, and a y-direction upper left force sensor 33; the y-direction lower right loading cylinder 26 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction lower right force sensor 29 is used for measuring lower right stress of the shear box 77; the y-direction upper right loading cylinder 27 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction upper right force sensor 3 is used for measuring upper right stress of the shear box 77; the y-direction lower left loading cylinder 34 provides horizontal stress, and the y-direction lower left force sensor 32 is used for measuring lower left stress of the shear box 77; the upper left loading cylinder 35 in the y direction provides horizontal stress, and the upper left force sensor 33 in the y direction is used for measuring the upper left stress of the shear box 77;
The second displacement measurement system 76 includes a y-direction lower right displacement sensor 28 and a y-direction lower left displacement sensor 31; the y-direction lower left displacement sensor 31 and the y-direction lower right displacement sensor 28 measure the displacement of the lower shear box 37 from opposite (left and right) sides.
When the inner reaction frame 2 slides into the outer reaction frame 1 to be fixed, a y-direction left lower force sensor 32 and a y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34 are arranged on the left side of the lower shear box 37 and below the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26;
the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right lower force sensor 29 are arranged on the right side of the lower shear box 37 below the y-direction left lower loading cylinder 34.
The y-direction right lower displacement sensor 28 is vertically fixed on the right side surface of the outer reaction frame 1;
The y-direction left lower displacement sensor 31 is vertically fixed to the left side surface of the outer reaction frame 1; the outer reaction frame 1 provides a fixed and supporting force for the y-direction lower right displacement sensor 28 and the y-direction lower left displacement sensor 31, respectively.
The y-direction left upper force sensor 33, the y-direction left upper loading cylinder 35, the y-direction right upper loading cylinder 27 and the y-direction right upper force sensor 30 are respectively arranged at both sides of the upper shear box 22;
The y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder 34 and the y-direction left upper loading oil cylinder 35 are vertically fixed on the left side surface of the outer reaction frame 1; the lower left loading cylinder 34 in the y direction and the upper left loading cylinder 35 in the y direction are arranged at intervals; the reaction frame 1 provides fixing and supporting forces for the y-direction lower left loading cylinder 34 and the y-direction upper left loading cylinder 35, respectively.
The y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right upper loading cylinder 27 are vertically fixed on the right side surface of the outer reaction frame 1; the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction right upper loading cylinder 27 are arranged at intervals; the outer reaction frame 1 provides a fixed, supporting force for the y-direction lower right loading cylinder 26 and the y-direction upper right loading cylinder 27, respectively.
The y-direction left lower force sensor 32 is arranged at the telescopic end of the y-direction left lower loading oil cylinder 34; the y-direction right lower force sensor 29 is arranged at the telescopic end of the y-direction right lower loading cylinder 26; the y-direction left upper force sensor 33 is arranged at the telescopic end of the y-direction left upper loading oil cylinder 35; the y-direction upper right force sensor 30 is provided at the telescopic end of the y-direction upper right loading cylinder 27 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4), improving the detection accuracy.
Further, the ultrasonic testing system 81 includes an acoustic probe position hole 44, an acoustic probe fixing spring 45, an acoustic emission probe 46, an acoustic receiving probe 47, and an acoustic meter 56; the sound wave probe position holes 44 are respectively arranged in the middle of the upper end of the upper shear box 22 and the middle of the lower end of the lower shear box 37; an acoustic wave transmitting probe 46 is mounted in an acoustic wave probe position hole 44 on the upper shear box 22 by an acoustic wave probe fixing spring 45; an acoustic wave receiving probe 47 is mounted in an acoustic wave probe position hole 44 on the lower shear box 37 by an acoustic wave probe fixing spring 45; the sound wave transmitting probe 46 and the sound wave receiving probe 47 are respectively connected with the sound wave collector 56 through wires.
Further, the acoustic emission testing system 82 includes an acoustic emission probe position hole 39, an acoustic emission probe fixing spring 40, an acoustic emission probe 41, and an acoustic emission acquisition control system 55; the acoustic emission probe 41 is arranged in the acoustic emission probe position hole 39 through the acoustic emission probe fixing spring 40; the acoustic emission probe 41 is connected with an acoustic emission acquisition control system 55 through a wire;
The acoustic emission probe 41 has a plurality of acoustic emission probes; the number of the acoustic emission probes 41, the acoustic emission probe fixing springs 40 and the acoustic emission probe position holes 39 are equal; a plurality of acoustic emission probe position holes 39 are provided in the outer side of the open end of the upper shear box 22 and the outer side of the open end of the lower shear box 37, respectively.
Further, the seepage test system 84 comprises a seepage servo pump control system 57, a liquid collection container 58, a y-direction upstream liquid pipeline 59, an x-direction upstream liquid pipeline 60, an x-direction upstream stop valve 61, a flowmeter 62, a pressure gauge 63, a y-direction upstream stop valve 64, a shear plane direction integrated water stop rubber 65, a seepage pipeline 66, an x-direction downstream stop valve 67, a y-direction downstream stop valve 68, a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline 69 and an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline 70;
A shear face direction integrated water stop rubber 65 is installed between the upper shear box 22 and the lower shear box 37; one end of the seepage pipeline 66 is led out from the joint of the upper shearing box 22 and the lower shearing box 37 and is fixed on the integrated water stop rubber 65 in the shearing surface direction;
The upstream of the seepage line 66 is connected with the seepage servo pump control system 57 through an upstream liquid line 59 in the y direction and an upstream liquid line 60 in the x direction, and the downstream is connected with the liquid collecting container 58 through a downstream liquid line 69 in the y direction and a downstream liquid line 70 in the x direction;
A y-direction upstream shutoff valve 64 is mounted on the y-direction upstream liquid line 59; an x-direction upstream shutoff valve 61, a flow meter 62, and a pressure meter 63 are sequentially installed on the x-direction upstream liquid pipe 60; an x-direction downstream shutoff valve 67 is mounted on the x-direction downstream liquid line 70; a y-direction downstream shut-off valve 68 is mounted on a y-direction downstream liquid line 69.
And x, y and z are Cartesian rectangular coordinate systems.
In order to more clearly illustrate the advantages of the multi-directional rock shear-seepage coupling test method with acoustic test compared with the prior art, the two technical schemes are compared by a worker, and the comparison results are shown in the following table:
As can be seen from the table, compared with the prior art, the multi-directional rock shearing-seepage coupling test method with acoustic test can realize shearing and cyclic reciprocating shearing in different directions, and can realize seepage and/or acoustic emission and/or ultrasonic test and other multi-field coupling tests at the same time of the shearing test in different directions.
Other non-illustrated parts are known in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A multidirectional rock shear-seepage coupling test method with an acoustic test is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of the method,
Step one: installing a seepage test system (84);
Firstly, placing a rock sample into a shear box, coating glue on the inner side and the outer side of the periphery of a shear plane direction integrated water stop rubber (65), and then installing the rock sample between an upper shear box (22) and a lower shear box (37), and leading out a seepage channel through a seepage pipeline (66); the upstream of the seepage pipeline (66) is connected with the seepage servo pump control system (57) through an upstream liquid pipeline (59) in the y direction and an upstream liquid pipeline (60) in the x direction; the downstream of the seepage pipeline (66) is connected with the liquid collecting container (58) through a downstream liquid pipeline (69) in the y direction and a downstream liquid pipeline (70) in the x direction;
step two: installing an ultrasonic testing system (81);
An acoustic wave transmitting probe (46) is arranged in an acoustic wave probe position hole (44) on the upper shear box (22) through an acoustic wave probe fixing spring (45);
step three: installing an acoustic emission testing system (82);
A plurality of acoustic emission probes (41) are respectively arranged in acoustic emission probe position holes (39) through acoustic emission probe fixing springs (40), and the acoustic emission probes (41) are connected to an acoustic emission acquisition control system (55) through wires;
step four: fixing the shearing box;
in the fourth step, the specific mode of the fixed shear box is as follows:
S41: placing the rock sample (23) into a lower shear box (37), covering an upper shear box (22) on the lower shear box (37), and then integrally placing a shear box (77) on an x-direction sliding roller set (15);
S42: the vertical loading force sensor (24) and the vertical loading oil cylinder (25) are tightly pressed on the upper shearing box (22) through the vertical bearing plate (11) to form a vertical stress measuring system;
S43: pressing an upper left force sensor (20), an upper left loading cylinder (21), an upper right loading cylinder (9) and an upper right force sensor (10) on two sides of an upper shearing box (22);
s44: the left lower force sensor (17), the left lower loading cylinder (19), the right lower loading cylinder (6) and the right lower force sensor (8) are tightly pressed on the two sides of the lower shear box (37);
forming a horizontal stress measurement system through S43 and S44;
s45: a vertical displacement sensor (12) is arranged on a vertical bearing plate (11), an x-direction left displacement sensor (18) is arranged on the left side of a lower shear box (37) through an x-direction left displacement sensor support rod (16), and an x-direction right displacement sensor is arranged on the right side of the lower shear box (37) through an x-direction right displacement sensor support rod (4) to form a displacement measurement system;
S46: applying a vertical force to the rock sample (23) to a target pressure through a vertical loading oil cylinder (25), and keeping the pressure value constant;
s47: limiting the displacement of the loading cylinder (9) to the right in the x direction so as to keep the loading cylinder stationary; then the upper loading cylinder (21) increases the pressure in the x direction, the upper loading cylinder (21) increases the pressure in the x direction to 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then the pressure value is kept unchanged;
the upper part of the shearing box (77) is fixed;
step five: realizing one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample;
Step six: realizing a multidirectional reciprocating shear test;
Pushing four movable pulleys (13) at the bottom of the inner reaction frame (2), and enabling the movable pulleys to enter an inner appointed position of the outer reaction frame (1) through an x-direction sliding rail;
Defining the displacement of the loading cylinder (27) to the right in the y direction so that it remains stationary; then the upper left loading oil cylinder (35) in the y direction increases the pressure, the upper left loading oil cylinder (35) in the y direction increases the pressure to 1.5 times of the shearing force required by the test, and then the pressure value is kept unchanged;
Realizing a multidirectional reciprocating shear test;
in the sixth step, the specific mode for realizing the multidirectional reciprocating shear test is as follows:
S61: a y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26) and a y-direction right lower force sensor (29) are separated from a lower shearing box (37) by a certain distance, horizontal shearing stress is applied to a rock sample (23) through a y-direction left lower loading cylinder (34), a displacement control mode is adopted to carry out a unidirectional shearing test, after a section of displacement is sheared, loading is stopped, and the y-direction left lower loading cylinder (34) is retracted, so that the unidirectional shearing test is completed;
S62: the rock sample (23) is reversely loaded through a y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26), the loading is stopped until the rock sample (23) is sheared to a specified distance, and the y-direction right lower loading cylinder (26) is retracted to complete a reverse shearing test;
s63: repeating S61 and S62 to realize a multidirectional reciprocating shear test;
step seven: performing multi-directional rock reciprocating shear-acoustic emission-ultrasonic wave-seepage multi-field coupling test;
specifically, the multi-directional rock reciprocating shear-acoustic emission-ultrasonic wave-seepage multi-field coupling test is carried out to carry out free combination according to experimental requirements:
When the coupling characteristic in the shearing process under the ultrasonic condition is researched, only the ultrasonic testing system is required to be opened to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating shearing test or a multi-directional reciprocating shearing test under the ultrasonic condition;
when the acoustic emission characteristics in the shearing process are researched, only the acoustic emission testing system is required to be opened to conduct one-dimensional direction reciprocating shearing test or multi-direction reciprocating shearing test;
When the coupling characteristic in the shearing process under the seepage condition is researched, only the seepage test system is required to be opened to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating shearing test or a multi-directional reciprocating shearing test under the seepage condition;
When the acoustic emission, ultrasonic wave and seepage characteristics are researched, the acoustic emission test system, the ultrasonic test system and the seepage test system are required to be opened for one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test or multi-directional reciprocating shear test.
2. The multi-directional rock shear-percolation coupling test method with acoustic test of claim 1, characterized by: in the fifth step, the concrete mode for realizing the one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is as follows:
S51: the method comprises the steps that an x-direction right lower force sensor (8) and an x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6) are separated from a lower shearing box (37) for a certain distance, horizontal shearing stress is applied to a rock sample (23) through an x-direction left lower loading cylinder (19), a displacement control mode is adopted for unidirectional shearing test, loading is stopped after shearing for a section of displacement, and the x-direction left lower loading cylinder (19) is retracted, so that unidirectional shearing test is completed;
s52: the rock sample (23) is reversely loaded through the x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6) until the rock sample (23) is sheared to a specified distance, then the loading is stopped, and the x-direction right lower loading cylinder (6) is retracted, so that a reverse shearing test is completed;
s53: and S51 and S52 are repeated, so that the one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test of the rock sample is realized.
3. The multi-directional rock shear-percolation coupling test method with acoustic test of claim 1, characterized by: in the seventh step, the multi-directional rock shear-seepage coupling test with acoustic test specifically includes: according to the experimental requirement, the one-dimensional direction or multi-directional reciprocating shear test is carried out, the acoustic wave signals are received and stored, the acoustic emission acquisition control system (55) is opened, and the acoustic emission acquisition state is entered.
4. The multi-directional rock shear-percolation coupling test method with acoustic test of claim 3, wherein: in the seventh step, the specific manner of receiving and storing the acoustic wave signal is:
the acoustic emission testing system is turned on, the acoustic wave acquisition instrument (56) is turned on, acoustic wave signals are transmitted through the acoustic wave transmitting probe (46), the acoustic wave signals are received by the acoustic wave receiving probe (47) through the rock sample (23), and finally the acoustic wave signals are received and stored by the acoustic wave acquisition instrument (56).
5. The multi-directional rock shear-percolation coupling test method with acoustic test of claim 4, wherein: in step one, the seepage test system (84) operates as follows:
S11: opening a seepage test system to perform a one-dimensional direction reciprocating shear test or a multi-directional reciprocating shear test under a seepage condition; when an x-direction shear seepage test is carried out, a y-direction upstream stop valve (64) and a y-direction downstream stop valve (68) are closed, an x-direction upstream stop valve (61) and an x-direction downstream stop valve (67) are opened, the seepage pressure flow and the flow rate are controlled through a seepage servo pump control system (57), a flow meter (62) records the actual inflow and outflow flow rate, a pressure meter (63) records the upstream and downstream pressure, and liquid is collected in a liquid collecting container (58) through an x-direction downstream liquid pipeline (70);
S12: when a y-direction shear seepage test is performed, an x-direction upstream stop valve (61) and an x-direction downstream stop valve (67) are closed, a y-direction upstream stop valve (64) and a y-direction downstream stop valve (68) are opened, the seepage pressure flow and the flow rate are controlled through a seepage servo pump control system (57), a flow meter (62) records the actual inflow and outflow flow rate, a pressure meter (63) records the upstream and downstream pressure, and liquid is collected in a liquid collecting container (58) through a y-direction downstream liquid pipeline (69).
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| CN113466060B (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-09-22 | 河南城建学院 | Rheological relaxation coupling test system and test method based on multilayer shearing |
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| CN101398355A (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2009-04-01 | 清华大学 | Three-axis infiltration experiment device |
| CN110174317A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-27 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Contact surface double direction shear experimental rig |
| CN111220484A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-02 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Reciprocating type rock crack friction-seepage characteristic testing device and testing method |
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| CN107860697A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-03-30 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of rock fracture shearing seepage flow test device and its test method |
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| CN101398355A (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2009-04-01 | 清华大学 | Three-axis infiltration experiment device |
| CN110174317A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-27 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Contact surface double direction shear experimental rig |
| CN111220484A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-02 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Reciprocating type rock crack friction-seepage characteristic testing device and testing method |
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