CN112284591B - Device for testing dynamic attraction characteristics of electromagnet and testing method based on device - Google Patents
Device for testing dynamic attraction characteristics of electromagnet and testing method based on device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112284591B CN112284591B CN202011099755.3A CN202011099755A CN112284591B CN 112284591 B CN112284591 B CN 112284591B CN 202011099755 A CN202011099755 A CN 202011099755A CN 112284591 B CN112284591 B CN 112284591B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
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Abstract
A testing device for dynamic attraction characteristics of an electromagnet and a testing method based on the device relate to the technical field of mechanical testing. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing method for matching the dynamic attraction reaction force characteristic of the electromagnet cannot adopt a matching method of the dynamic attraction reaction force characteristic closer to the working condition of the electromagnet. The invention can realize the dynamic attraction-reaction force characteristic matching curve test and method of the electromagnet closer to the actual working condition by adjusting the air gap between the moving iron and the static iron of the electromagnet, freely setting the air gap range and forming the freely combined reaction force characteristic by a plurality of springs. The device has compact structure and convenient test. The method can directly and quickly obtain the moving iron attraction reaction force characteristic matching curve of the electromagnet, and is beneficial to the design and optimization of the electromagnet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical testing, and particularly relates to a test for dynamic attraction-reaction force cooperation of an electromagnet.
Background
The electromagnetic attraction force and the mechanical counter force of the electromagnet are a pair of 'contradictory' forces for normal work of the electromagnet, and the two forces are not the same. The efficiency and the working reliability of the electromagnet are determined by the matching relation of the attractive force characteristic curve and the reaction force characteristic curve of the electromagnet with good performance.
At the present stage, because the current of the coil changes in the movement process of the electromagnet, and meanwhile, the dynamic suction curve is related to the counter force, the dynamic suction curve is difficult to measure. Therefore, the matching of the current electromagnet reaction force absorption characteristic still adopts the matching of the static reaction force absorption characteristic, but cannot adopt the matching of the dynamic reaction force absorption characteristic which is closer to the working condition of the electromagnet. Therefore, it is imperative to design a test device which meets the test requirements and is matched with the dynamic suction reaction force.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for testing the dynamic attraction force characteristic of an electromagnet and a testing method based on the device, aiming at solving the problem that the existing method for matching the dynamic attraction force characteristic of the electromagnet cannot adopt a method for matching the dynamic attraction force characteristic closer to the working condition of the electromagnet.
A test apparatus for testing the dynamic attraction characteristics of an electromagnet, comprising: the pressure sensor comprises a pressure sensor, a first support, two first springs, a second spring, two bolts, an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate, wherein the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are strip-shaped plates, the first support is used for supporting the lower cover plate, a moving iron through hole is formed in the lower cover plate, two bolt through holes are formed in two sides of the moving iron through hole respectively, the centers of the moving iron through hole and the two bolt through holes are located on the same straight line, the lower surface of the upper cover plate is used for fixing a moving iron of a tested electromagnet, the moving iron can penetrate through the moving iron through hole and is opposite to a static iron of the tested electromagnet, one end of each bolt is fixed on the lower surface of the upper cover plate, the two bolts can penetrate through the two bolt through holes in the lower cover plate respectively, the two first springs are sleeved on the two bolts respectively, the lower ends of the first springs are in contact with the upper surface of the lower cover plate, the upper ends of the first springs are not in contact with the lower surface of the upper cover plate, and the second springs are sleeved on the moving iron, And the both ends of second spring contact with the lower surface of upper cover plate and the upper surface of lower apron respectively, and pressure sensor is used for gathering the quiet indisputable atress.
The testing device further comprises a second support and two differential measuring heads, the second support is used for supporting the two differential measuring heads, the two differential measuring heads are respectively located on the upper side and the lower side of the upper cover plate, and the upper cover plate is located between the movable ends of the two differential measuring heads.
The measured electromagnet comprises a moving iron and a static iron, and the static iron is positioned below the lower cover plate.
The testing device further comprises a cushion block, the pressure sensor is fixed on the cushion block, and the detection end of the pressure sensor is connected with the static iron through the connecting block.
The testing device further comprises a base, the first support, the second support and the cushion block are fixed on the base, and the upper cover plate (12) and the lower cover plate are parallel to the surface of the base.
Based on the testing method of the testing device for the dynamic attraction characteristic of the electromagnet, the two differential measuring heads are not contacted with the upper cover plate under the initial state and the tested electromagnet is not electrified,
the test method comprises the following steps:
step (ii) of1. Under the free state of the two first springs and the second spring, a differential measuring head above the upper cover plate is adjusted to enable the movable end of the differential measuring head to be in contact with the upper surface of the upper cover plate, the distance between the movable iron and the static iron at the moment is recorded, and the distance is recorded as a maximum air gap value deltam，
And 2, adjusting the differential measuring head above the upper cover plate, pressing the movable end of the differential measuring head to move the upper cover plate downwards until the movable iron and the static iron are in contact with each other, and recording the minimum air gap between the movable iron and the static iron as delta0In the process of adjusting the differential measuring head above the upper cover plate, the differential measuring head below the upper cover plate is not contacted with the upper cover plate all the time,
And (4) after the dynamic suction curve is obtained, replacing springs with different elasticity coefficients or lengths, and repeating the steps 1 to 4 to obtain the dynamic suction curve under different reaction linear parameters.
Adjusting the differential measuring head in the step 3 to enable the air gap value between the moving iron and the static iron to be deltaiThe specific method comprises the following steps:
adjusting a differential measuring head above the upper cover plate to enable the air gap value between the moving iron and the static iron to be deltai，
Or adjusting a differential measuring head below the upper cover plate to enable the air gap value between the moving iron and the static iron to be deltai，
Or simultaneously adjusting differential measuring heads above and below the upper cover plate to enable the air gap value between the moving iron and the static iron to be deltai。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can realize the dynamic attraction-reaction force characteristic matching curve test and method of the electromagnet closer to the actual working condition by adjusting the air gap between the moving iron and the static iron of the electromagnet, freely setting the air gap range and forming the freely combined reaction force characteristic by a plurality of springs. The device has compact structure and convenient test. The method can directly and quickly obtain the moving iron attraction reaction force characteristic matching curve of the electromagnet, and is beneficial to the design and optimization of the electromagnet.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a testing device for the dynamic attraction characteristics of electromagnets according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: specifically describing the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1, the apparatus for testing the dynamic attraction characteristics of an electromagnet according to the present embodiment includes: the measuring device comprises a base 1, a cushion block 2, a pressure sensor 3, a first bracket 6, two differential measuring heads 7, two first springs 8, a second spring 9, two bolts 10, a second bracket 11, an upper cover plate 12 and a lower cover plate 13. The measured electromagnet 5 comprises a moving iron and a static iron
The first bracket 6, the second bracket 11 and the cushion block 2 are all fixed on the base 1. The upper cover plate 12 and the lower cover plate 13 are both strip-shaped plates. The lower cover plate 13 is fixed on the first bracket 6-1, and the static iron is positioned below the lower cover plate 13. The lower cover plate 13 is provided with a moving iron through hole, two sides of the moving iron through hole are respectively provided with a bolt through hole, and the centers of the moving iron through hole and the two bolt through holes are positioned on the same straight line. One ends of the moving iron and the two bolts 10 are fixed on the lower surface of the upper cover plate 12, the moving iron can penetrate through the moving iron through hole to be opposite to the static iron of the detected electromagnet 5, and the two bolts 10 can penetrate through the two bolt through holes in the lower cover plate 13 respectively. The upper cover plate 12 and the lower cover plate 13 are parallel to the surface of the base 1.
The two first springs 8 are respectively sleeved on the two bolts 10, the lower ends of the first springs 8 are in contact with the upper surface of the lower cover plate 13, and the upper ends of the first springs 8 are not in contact with the lower surface of the upper cover plate 12; the second spring 9 is sleeved on the moving iron, and two ends of the second spring 9 are respectively contacted with the lower surface of the upper cover plate 12 and the upper surface of the lower cover plate 13.
The second bracket 11 is used for supporting two differential measuring heads 7, the two differential measuring heads 7 are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of an upper cover plate 12, and the upper cover plate 12 is positioned between the movable ends of the two differential measuring heads 7.
In the present embodiment, the base 1 horizontally disposed and the first bracket 6 and the second bracket 11 fixed to the base 1 are fixed portions. The cushion block 2, the pressure sensor 3, the connecting block 4 and the tested electromagnet 5 are absorption reaction force testing parts and are used for testing dynamic electromagnetic force. The two first springs 8, the second spring 9, the two bolts 10 and the lower cover plate 13 are reaction force adjusting parts for adjusting linear parameters of reaction force. The two differential measuring heads 7 and the upper cover plate 12 are air gap adjusting parts and are used for adjusting air gaps between the static iron and the moving iron. The lower surface of the lower cover plate 13 is in close contact with the upper surface of the yoke of the measured electromagnet 5.
In this embodiment, the two first springs 8 and the second spring 9 can be detached and replaced as required, and by such a design, the position of the break point of the reaction broken line can be adjusted by the height of the springs, the slope of the reaction line segment can be adjusted by the stiffness of the springs, and the position of the starting point of the reaction line segment can be adjusted by the prepressing position of the upper cover plate 12 on the second spring 9, so that the reaction characteristics can be freely combined finally.
Two differential gauge heads 7 can be through spacing upper cover plate 12 and then realize spacing with upper cover plate 12 fixed connection's moving iron, so the design can realize the air gap of electro-magnet and adjust, can realize the electro-magnet simultaneously and set for the air gap within range motion, and then obtain corresponding suction curve.
The second embodiment is as follows: in this embodiment, the test method of the apparatus for testing the dynamic attraction characteristic of the electromagnet according to the first embodiment is further described, and in this embodiment, the test is started in an initial state where the two differential probes 7 are not in contact with the upper cover plate 12 and the electromagnet 5 to be tested is not energized. The test method comprises the following steps:
And 3, only adjusting the differential measuring head 7 above the upper cover plate 12, only adjusting the differential measuring head 7 below the upper cover plate 12, or simultaneously adjusting the differential measuring heads 7 above and below the upper cover plate 12 to enable the air gap value between the moving iron and the static iron to be deltai，δi∈[δ0,δm]Applying rated voltage to the measured electromagnet 5 to obtain the air gap deltaiAnd the static iron stress value measured by the pressure sensor 3 at each moment in the moving iron movement process.
After the dynamic suction curve is obtained, the spring is replaced as required to change the linear parameter of the reaction force, specifically, the break point position of the reaction force broken line is adjusted through the height of the spring, the slope of the reaction force line segment is adjusted through the rigidity of the spring, and meanwhile, the starting point position of the reaction force line segment is adjusted through the prepressing position of the upper cover plate 12 on the second spring 9. The above steps 1 to 4 are then repeated. In this way, a dynamic attraction curve of the measured electromagnet 5 under the set combination of the reaction force characteristics is obtained.
Claims (6)
1. The testing method is based on a testing device for the dynamic attraction characteristics of the electromagnet, and is characterized in that the testing device for the dynamic attraction characteristics of the electromagnet comprises the following steps: a pressure sensor (3), a first bracket (6), two first springs (8), a second spring (9), two bolts (10), an upper cover plate (12) and a lower cover plate (13),
the upper cover plate (12) and the lower cover plate (13) are strip-shaped plates, the first support (6-1) is used for supporting the lower cover plate (13), a moving iron through hole is formed in the lower cover plate (13), a bolt through hole is formed in each of two sides of the moving iron through hole, the centers of the moving iron through hole and the two bolt through holes are located on the same straight line, the lower surface of the upper cover plate (12) is used for fixing the moving iron of the tested electromagnet (5), the moving iron can penetrate through the moving iron through hole and is opposite to the static iron of the tested electromagnet (5), one ends of the two bolts (10) are fixed on the lower surface of the upper cover plate (12), the two bolts (10) can penetrate through the two bolt through holes in the lower cover plate (13), the two first springs (8) are sleeved on the two bolts (10) respectively, the lower ends of the first springs (8) are in contact with the upper surface of the lower cover plate (13), and the upper ends of the first springs (8) are not in contact with the lower surface of the upper cover plate (12), the second spring (9) is sleeved on the moving iron, two ends of the second spring (9) are respectively contacted with the lower surface of the upper cover plate (12) and the upper surface of the lower cover plate (13), and the pressure sensor (3) is used for collecting the stress of the static iron;
also comprises a second bracket (11) and two differential measuring heads (7),
the second support (11) is used for supporting the two differential measuring heads (7), the two differential measuring heads (7) are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the upper cover plate (12), and the upper cover plate (12) is positioned between the movable ends of the two differential measuring heads (7);
ensuring that the two differential measuring heads (7) are not contacted with the upper cover plate (12) and the measured electromagnet (5) is not electrified in the initial state,
the test method comprises the following steps:
step 1, in a free state of two first springs (8) and a second spring (9), adjusting a differential measuring head (7) above an upper cover plate (12) to enable a movable end of the differential measuring head (7) to be in contact with the upper surface of the upper cover plate (12), recording the distance between a movable iron and a static iron at the moment, and recording the distance as a maximum air gap value deltam，
Step 2, adjusting the differential measuring head (7) above the upper cover plate (12) to enable the movable end of the differential measuring head (7) to press the upper cover plate (12) to move downwards until the movable iron and the static iron are contacted with each other, and at the moment, the movable iron and the static iron are contacted with each otherMinimum air gap between is noted as delta0In the process of adjusting the differential measuring head (7) above the upper cover plate (12), the differential measuring head (7) below the upper cover plate (12) is not contacted with the upper cover plate (12) all the time,
step 3, adjusting a differential measuring head (7) to enable the air gap value between the moving iron and the static iron to be deltai，δi∈[δ0,δm]Applying rated voltage to the measured electromagnet (5) to obtain an air gap deltaiNext, the static iron stress value measured by the pressure sensor (3) at each moment in the moving iron movement process,
step 4, forming a curve by all the moments and the corresponding static iron stress values to obtain the delta of the measured electromagnet (5)iDynamic suction curve at rated voltage at air gap.
2. The test method according to claim 1, wherein after obtaining the dynamic suction curve, the springs with different elastic coefficients or lengths are replaced, and the steps 1 to 4 are repeated to obtain the dynamic suction curve under different reaction force linear parameters.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3 the differential feeler (7) is adjusted so that the value of the air gap between the moving and static iron is δiThe specific method comprises the following steps:
adjusting a differential measuring head (7) above an upper cover plate (12) to enable the air gap value between the moving iron and the static iron to be deltai，
Or the air gap value between the moving iron and the static iron is delta by adjusting a differential measuring head (7) below the upper cover plate (12)i，
Or simultaneously adjusting a differential measuring head (7) above and below the upper cover plate (12) to enable the air gap value between the movable iron and the static iron to be deltai。
4. The test method according to claim 1, wherein the tested electromagnet (5) comprises a moving iron and a static iron, and the static iron is positioned below the lower cover plate (13).
5. The test method according to claim 4, wherein the test device for the dynamic attraction characteristic of the electromagnet further comprises a cushion block (2), the pressure sensor (3) is fixed on the cushion block (2), and the detection end of the pressure sensor (3) is connected with the static iron through a connecting block (4).
6. The testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that the testing device for the dynamic attraction characteristics of the electromagnet further comprises a base (1), the first bracket (6), the second bracket (11) and the cushion block (2) are all fixed on the base (1), and the upper cover plate (12) and the lower cover plate (13) are all parallel to the surface of the base (1).
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