CN112280559A - Alkaline soil composite modifier and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Alkaline soil composite modifier and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112280559A CN112280559A CN202011051614.4A CN202011051614A CN112280559A CN 112280559 A CN112280559 A CN 112280559A CN 202011051614 A CN202011051614 A CN 202011051614A CN 112280559 A CN112280559 A CN 112280559A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an alkaline soil composite improver mainly based on hazardous waste recycling byproduct calcium phosphate, which comprises 50-80% of hazardous waste recycling byproduct and 30-45% of gypsum, wherein the raw materials are subjected to drying, sieving, blending, uniformly mixing and bagging, and are applied to a surface layer (0-20 cm) of saline-alkali soil when in use. The method realizes the recycling of the byproducts in the process of recycling the salt-type hazardous wastes and really realizes the recycling of the salt-type hazardous wastes. Compared with the traditional modifier, the preparation is simple, the saline-alkali soil can be improved, the nutrient elements can be provided for the saline-alkali soil, the application of chemical fertilizers is reduced, and economic and ecological benefits are brought.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil remediation and the technical field of recycling of hazardous waste salt recycling byproducts, in particular to an alkaline soil composite improver mainly based on hazardous waste recycling byproduct calcium phosphate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the main saline-alkali land improvement technology in China mainly comprises engineering measures, agricultural measures, chemical measures and biological measures. (1) The engineering measures are that a hidden pipe or a sprinkling layer is arranged under a plough layer to block the interference of deep soil and an underground water source, and then fresh water irrigation is adopted to achieve the purpose of improving the ecological system of the saline-alkali soil. The construction cost is high regardless of the salt discharge technology of the concealed conduit or the foreign soil backfill technology, and the destruction to the ecological system of the soil source land is strong. (2) The agricultural measures are to control the salt content of the soil through agricultural technology, and mainly comprise four measures of deep ploughing and fine harrowing, feeding straw under a membrane, irrigating fresh water, freezing salt water and the like. The disadvantages are that the action time is short, and the short-term planting requirement can be met. (3) The biological measures are mainly to absorb, transform or transfer the salt in the soil through the metabolic growth activities of plants or microorganisms, thereby improving the soil quality. Due to the difference of soil properties and unstable fertilizer efficiency in various regions, the effect of the microbial fertilizer is seriously reduced. (4) The chemical measures are an effective method for improving the saline-alkali soil by utilizing the chemical reaction between the exogenous additives and the soil colloid, can effectively supplement a large amount of nutrient elements while improving the soil quality, and has simple preparation and convenient use.
The generation of the dangerous waste salt is mainly generated by two ways: firstly, the high-salinity wastewater is generated by evaporation and crystallization, and secondly, the high-salinity wastewater is separated out due to chemical reaction in the production process. The main component of the hazardous waste salt is sodium chloride, and the hazardous waste salt is mainly classified into heavy metal pollution and organic pollution.
In the process of recycling the dangerous waste salt, byproducts are generated, the byproducts mainly comprise calcium phosphate and contain substances such as calcium hydrophosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and the like, the byproducts are stacked for a long time, not only occupies land, but also easily brings secondary pollution, and the byproducts can effectively adjust saline-alkali soil, also contain nutrient elements and effectively adjust the texture of soil.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an alkaline soil composite improver and a preparation method thereof, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
the alkaline soil composite modifier comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
50 to 80 percent of hazardous waste recycling by-products,
30 to 45 percent of gypsum.
Wherein, the hazardous waste recycling byproduct comprises: 92.61% of calcium phosphate, 2.13% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.81% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.65% of calcium carbonate, 1.32% of calcium bicarbonate, 0.34% of magnesium phosphate and 0.14% of magnesium carbonate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) drying: drying the by-product and gypsum raw material at 60-90 deg.C to make water content less than 1% by mass. Meanwhile, the original activity of the material is kept; preferably the drying temperature is 75 ℃.
2) Sieving: respectively sieving the dried raw materials with a 60-mesh sieve, and uniformly mixing;
3) preparing materials: respectively weighing the raw materials according to the mass ratio, and placing the raw materials in a stirrer;
4) uniformly mixing: uniformly stirring the raw materials in the stirrer for 3-5 minutes, and then bagging or storing.
5) The proportioning materials are applied to the surface layer (0-20 cm) of the saline-alkali soil, and the application amount is calculated according to 0.2-5% of the dry weight of the soil.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the recycling of the byproducts in the recycling process of the salt-type hazardous wastes is realized, and the recycling of the salt-type hazardous wastes is really realized. (2) Compared with the traditional modifier, the preparation is simple, the saline-alkali soil can be improved, the nutrient elements can be provided for the saline-alkali soil, the application of chemical fertilizers is reduced, and economic and ecological benefits are brought.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
for the purpose of enhancing an understanding of the present invention, the following detailed description will be given of the present invention with reference to examples.
EXAMPLES example 1
According to the mass ratio of the raw materials: 55% of by-product and 45% of gypsum.
Weighing 500g of test air-dried soil passing through 10 meshes, wherein the pH value of the soil is 8.49, the organic matter is 12.79g/kg, the quick-acting nitrogen is 65.22mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 11.32mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 203.56mg/kg, and the water-soluble salt is 1.38 g/kg. The amount of the modifier is 0.2 percent of the weight of the dry soil, namely 0.55g of the by-product and 0.45g of the by-product are respectively added. After the modifier and the soil are fully mixed, the mixture is placed into a plastic cup, 122mL of deionized water is added, the field water capacity is kept to be about 70%, the plastic cup is sealed by a preservative film and is provided with small holes, and the plastic cup is placed into a constant temperature incubator, and the temperature is kept to be 25 ℃. After 35 days of culture, the soil is taken out, and the pH value, the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus, the quick-acting potassium and the water-soluble salt in the soil are measured. And (3) measuring results: the pH value is 8.46, the organic matter content is 13.94g/kg, the quick-acting nitrogen content is 71.83mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 14.53 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 215.54 mg/kg, and the water-soluble salt content is 1.02 g/kg. The pH value is reduced by 0.03, and the organic matter, the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium are respectively increased by 8.99%, 10.13%, 28.30% and 5.88%. Soluble salt is reduced by 26.08%.
Example 2
According to the mass ratio of the raw materials: 65 percent of by-product and 35 percent of gypsum
500g of the test air-dried soil of example 1, 10 mesh, was weighed out, and the amount of the amendment was 0.4% by weight of the dry soil, that is, 1.3g of the by-product and 0.7g of gypsum were added, respectively. After the modifier and the soil are fully mixed, the mixture is placed into a plastic cup, 122mL of deionized water is added, the field water capacity is kept to be about 70%, the plastic cup is sealed by a preservative film and is provided with small holes, and the plastic cup is placed into a constant temperature incubator, and the temperature is kept to be 25 ℃. After 35 days of culture, the soil was removed and the relevant index was measured. And (3) measuring results: the pH value is 8.38, the organic matter content is 14.67g/kg, the quick-acting nitrogen content is 78.41mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 16.64 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 219.26 mg/kg, and the water-soluble salt content is 0.96 g/kg. The pH value is reduced by 0.11, and the organic matter, the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium are respectively improved by 14.69%, 20.22%, 46.99% and 7.71%. Soluble salts were reduced by 30.43%.
Example 3
According to the mass ratio of the raw materials: 60% of by-products and 40% of gypsum.
500g of test air-dried soil of example 1, which was sieved through 10 mesh, was weighed out. The amount of the modifier is 1 percent of the weight of the dry soil, namely 3g of the by-product and 2g of the gypsum are respectively added. After the modifier and the soil are fully mixed, the mixture is placed into a plastic cup, 122mL of deionized water is added, the field water capacity is kept to be about 70%, the plastic cup is sealed by a preservative film and is provided with small holes, and the plastic cup is placed into a constant temperature incubator, and the temperature is kept to be 25 ℃. After 35 days of culture, the soil was removed and the relevant index was measured. And (3) measuring results: the pH value is 8.33, the organic matter is 15.24g/kg, the quick-acting nitrogen is 81.62mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 19.37 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium is 223.35 mg/kg, and the water-soluble salt is 0.87 g/kg. The pH value is reduced by 0.16, and the organic matter, the quick-acting nitrogen, the quick-acting phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium are respectively improved by 14.85 percent, 25.14 percent, 71.11 percent and 9.72 percent. The soluble salt is reduced by 36.95 percent.
Example 4
And (3) carrying out pot experiment, wherein the mixture ratio of the three examples is respectively represented by A1, A2 and A3, each mixture ratio is subjected to four treatments of CK, A1, A2 and A3, each treatment is carried out in parallel, 5kg of test air-dried soil is weighed in each pot, the fertilizing amount in each pot is consistent, wherein 1.06g of urea, 3.33g of calcium superphosphate and 1.17g of potassium chloride are added into the three conditioners according to 1% of the weight of the dry soil, namely 50g of three mixture ratios of the conditioners are applied, and deionized water is added into each pot to keep the water holding capacity of the field at 70%. Planting 2 holes of corns in each pot, 2-3 seeds in each hole, planting 2 plants after seedling emergence, harvesting corn ears after maturation, weighing, and measuring pH value, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and water-soluble salt in soil. And (3) measuring results: CK. The weight of the corncob A1, A2 and A3 is respectively as follows: 108.4g, 110.2g, 112.6g and 114.9 g; the pH value of CK soil is 8.48, the organic matter and water-soluble salt are respectively 12.81g/kg and 1.39g/kg, and the contents of quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are respectively 65.31mg/kg, 11.46mg/kg and 203.29 mg/kg. 8.45 parts of A1 soil, 14.37 g/kg of organic matter, 0.99 g/kg of water-soluble salt, 73.75mg/kg of quick-acting nitrogen, 15.41mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 221.89mg/kg of quick-acting potassium. 8.42 parts of organic matter in A2 soil, 16.77 g/kg of organic matter, 0.91 g/kg of water-soluble salt, 82.34mg/kg of quick-acting nitrogen, 17.86mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, and 226.78mg/kg of quick-acting potassium. 8.41 of A3 soil, 18.32 g/kg of organic matter, 0.83 g/kg of water-soluble salt, 85.72mg/kg of quick-acting nitrogen, 24.68g/kg of quick-acting phosphorus and 231.81mg/kg of quick-acting potassium.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed by the technical means, and also comprise the technical scheme formed by equivalent replacement of the technical features. The present invention is not limited to the details given herein, but is within the ordinary knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. The alkaline soil composite improver is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
50 to 80 percent of hazardous waste recycling by-products,
30 to 45 percent of gypsum;
wherein, the hazardous waste recycling byproduct comprises: 92.61% of calcium phosphate, 2.13% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.81% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.65% of calcium carbonate, 1.32% of calcium bicarbonate, 0.34% of magnesium phosphate and 0.14% of magnesium carbonate.
2. The preparation method of the alkaline soil composite improver as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, drying: drying the hazardous waste recycling byproducts and the gypsum at 60-90 ℃ respectively to ensure that the water content of the hazardous waste recycling byproducts and the gypsum is lower than 1% (mass percentage), and simultaneously keeping the original activity of the material;
step two, sieving: respectively sieving the hazardous waste resource byproducts and the gypsum which are dried in the step one through a 60-mesh sieve;
step three, batching: weighing the dried hazardous waste resource byproducts and the gypsum which are sieved in the third step according to the mass ratio, placing the dry hazardous waste resource byproducts and the gypsum into a stirrer for stirring, and then bagging or storing to obtain the alkaline soil composite improver;
and step four, applying the alkaline soil composite modifier prepared in the step three to the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil.
3. The method for preparing a composite improver for alkaline soil according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the drying temperature of the hazardous waste resource by-products and the gypsum is 75 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the alkaline soil conditioner according to claim 2, wherein in the third step, the stirring time is 3-5 minutes.
5. The method for preparing an alkaline soil conditioner according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the application amount of the alkaline soil conditioner is calculated according to 0.2-5% of the dry weight of the soil.
6. The method for preparing the alkaline soil conditioner according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the alkaline soil conditioner is applied on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil to a depth of 0-20 cm.
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