CN112277399A - 一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112277399A
CN112277399A CN202011160353.XA CN202011160353A CN112277399A CN 112277399 A CN112277399 A CN 112277399A CN 202011160353 A CN202011160353 A CN 202011160353A CN 112277399 A CN112277399 A CN 112277399A
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lubricating
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袁军亚
张招柱
杨明明
赵鑫
姜葳
储凡杰
李佩隆
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料及其制备方法，是以聚四氟乙烯纤维为经纱、玄武岩纤维为纬纱织造混纺织物；再将混纺织物经空气等离子体处理后在酚醛树脂溶液中浸渍、烘干，并重复浸渍、烘干直至混纺织物的上胶量达到15‑40 wt%；然后用聚酰亚胺树脂胶粘剂将织物粘贴在金属基材表面，最后经固化反应，得到玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料。本发明将高模、高强、耐高温的玄武岩纤维与拥有优异润滑性能的聚四氟乙烯纤维复合交织，二者协同作用赋予玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料优异的减摩、耐磨性能，能够满足自润滑关节轴承在高温服役工况条件下的要求。

Description

一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料及其制备方法，主要用于自润滑关节轴承在高温服役工况条件下的润滑，属于固体润滑技术领域。
背景技术
摩擦部件是机械系统的核心基础零部件，摩擦消耗掉世界约1/3的一次能源，磨损致使大约60%的机器零部件失效。机械运动部件摩擦磨损导致的能耗高、可靠性差、服役寿命短等问题严重制约了我国装备制造业的发展与市场竞争力。特别是随着航空航天事业的飞速发展，对高端固体润滑技术提出了更高的要求。自润滑织物衬垫作为自润滑关节轴承的关键部件，其摩擦磨损性能直接决定自润滑关节轴承的服役性能和使用寿命。因此提高自润滑织物衬垫材料的摩擦磨损性能，使其满足更为苛刻的服役工况条件，显得尤为迫切。
自润滑织物衬垫主要以高性能增强纤维与拥有优异润滑性能的聚四氟乙烯纤维交织而成的织物，与树脂粘结剂复合，再经热固化反应获得。当前使用的高性能增强纤维主要以芳纶纤维（Kevlar和Nomex纤维）、PBO纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维等有机纤维为主。但传统的有机纤维耐热性能有限，当织物衬垫应用于高速、重载等苛刻工况条件下时，摩擦界面产生的大量摩擦热，易引起增强纤维性能的退化，导致自润滑织物衬垫摩擦磨损性能的下降。
玄武岩纤维是一种新型无机环保绿色高性能纤维材料，它是由二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铁和二氧化硅等氧化物组成。玄武岩连续纤维不仅强度高，而且还具有耐腐蚀、耐高温等多种优异性能。因此，以玄武岩纤维基制备的自润滑织物衬垫材料可以缓解自润滑关节轴承在高温服役工况条件下的润滑失效问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料及其制备方法，以提高自润滑织物衬垫材料的高温摩擦学性能。
一、自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备
本发明玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备，是以聚四氟乙烯纤维为经纱，玄武岩纤维为纬纱，按照一定的组织结构和经纬纱密度织造玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物；再将混纺织物经空气等离子体改性处理后在酚醛树脂溶液中浸渍、烘干，并重复浸渍、烘干，直至混纺织物的上胶量达到15~40 wt%；然后用聚酰亚胺树脂胶粘剂将浸渍好的织物粘贴在金属基材表面，最后经固化反应，得到玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料。
所述织物的组织结构为平纹、斜纹、缎纹中的一种或联合使用几种组织，织物的经向密度为320~490根/10cm，纬向密度为320~490根/10cm。
所述空气等离子体处理混纺织物的功率为40~300W，处理时间为5~30min。
所述酚醛树脂溶液是用乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯至少两种的混合溶剂稀释至酚醛树脂质量浓度为0.1~0.3g/mL的溶液。
所述金属基材为轴承钢。优选为9Cr18Mo、9Cr18MoV、9Cr18、4Cr13、17-4PH中的一种。
所述固化反应是在压力0.01~3MPa，升温至150~250oC（升温速率控制在3~10oC/min），保温处理0.5~3h。
二、自润滑织物衬垫材料的摩擦磨损性能测试
测试方法：采用玄武三号摩擦磨损试验机，以直径2 mm的45号钢作为摩擦对偶，在确定的滑动速度、应用载荷、试验时间等条件下，通过配备在摩擦副外部的加热炉调节摩擦试验的环境温度进行摩擦测试。摩擦系数通过连接的计算机处理收集到的数据后，自动输出。利用数显高度仪测量自润滑织物衬垫材料的磨损深度，进而计算织物衬垫的磨损体积。采用K=ΔV/P∙L公式计算织物衬垫材料的比磨损率，K─比磨损率；ΔV─磨损体积；P─应用载荷；L─滑动距离。
图1为玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的磨损率（a）和摩擦系数（b）随环境温度变化的柱状图。从图1（a）可以看出，在试验温度范围内织物衬垫材料均能保持突出的摩擦磨损性能。当试验环境温度为235℃时，织物衬垫材料的磨损率为4.3×10-14m3·(N·m)-1。从图1（b）可以看出，自润滑织物衬垫在试验温度范围内均能保持优异的润滑性能，且随环境温度的上升，自润滑织物衬垫材料的摩擦系数呈现下降的趋势。当试验环境温度为235℃时，摩擦系数保持在0.06，依旧保持在较低的水平，表现出优异的高温抗磨性能。
综上所述，本发明将高模、高强、耐高温的玄武岩纤维与拥有优异润滑性能的聚四氟乙烯纤维复合交织，在二者协同作用下同时使用具有突出力学性能、耐热性能及耐磨性能的酚醛树脂作为粘结剂，赋予玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料优异的减摩、耐磨性能，能够满足自润滑关节轴承在高温服役工况条件下的要求。
附图说明
图1为玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的磨损率、摩擦系数随环境温度变化的柱状图（0.26m/s，75 MPa）。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备及性能做进一步说明。
实施例1
（1）玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物的织造：以聚四氟乙烯纤维为经纱，玄武岩纤维为纬纱，按照平纹结构织造玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物。织物经向密度控制在320根/10cm，纬向密度控制在320根/10cm；
（2）浸渍胶液的配制：将酚醛树脂胶粘剂按1g:7mL的比例稀释于乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯配制的混合溶剂中（乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯体积比2:1:1），得到酚醛树脂浸渍液；
（3）织物复合材料预浸料的制备：将混纺织物置于等离子体设备中，在100 W的功率处理10 min，然后在酚醛树脂浸渍液中浸渍、烘干，重复上浸渍、烘干直至混纺织物的上胶量达到30 wt%，得织物复合材料预浸料；
（4）热固化处理：利用酚醛树脂胶粘剂将所得复合材料预浸料粘贴在9Cr18Mo轴承钢基材表面，然后在180 oC（5oC/min），0.3 MPa条件下固化反应2 h，得到自润滑织物衬垫材料；
（5）摩擦磨损性能测试：试验环境温度为235℃时，织物衬垫材料的磨损率为3.7×10- 14m3·(N·m)-1，摩擦系数为0.063。
实施例2
（1）玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物的织造：以聚四氟乙烯纤维为经纱，玄武岩纤维为纬纱，按照斜纹结构织造玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物。织物经向密度控制在320根/10cm，纬向密度控制在340根/10cm；
（2）浸渍胶液的配制：将酚醛树脂胶粘剂按1g:10mL的比例稀释于乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯配制的混合溶剂中（乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯体积比1:1:2），得到酚醛树脂浸渍液；
（3）织物复合材料预浸料的制备：将混纺织物置于等离子体设备中，在150 W的功率处理10 min，然后在酚醛树脂浸渍液中浸渍、烘干，重复浸渍、烘干直至混纺织物的上胶量达到25wt%，得织物复合材料预浸料；
（4）热固化处理：利用酚醛树脂胶粘剂将所得复合材料预浸料粘贴在9Cr18Mo轴承钢基材表面，然后在180 oC，0.3 MPa条件下固化反应2 h，得到自润滑织物衬垫材料；
（5）摩擦磨损性能测试：试验环境温度为235℃时，织物衬垫材料的磨损率为4.6×10- 14m3·(N·m)-1，摩擦系数为0.061。
实施例3
（1）玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物的织造：以聚四氟乙烯纤维为经纱，玄武岩纤维为纬纱，按照缎纹结构织造玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物。织物经向密度控制在300根/10cm，纬向密度控制在320根/10cm；
（2）浸渍胶液的配制：将酚醛树脂胶粘剂按1g:8mL的比例稀释于乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯配制的混合溶剂（三者的体积比1:1:1）中，得到酚醛树脂浸渍液；
（3）织物复合材料预浸料的制备：将混纺织物置于等离子体设备中，在100 W的功率处理15 min，然后在酚醛树脂浸渍液中浸渍、烘干，重复浸渍、烘干上直至混纺织物的上胶量达到20wt%，得织物复合材料预浸料；
（4）热固化处理：利用酚醛树脂胶粘剂将所得复合材料预浸料粘贴在17-4PH轴承钢基材表面，然后在180 oC，0.3 MPa条件下固化反应2 h，得到自润滑织物衬垫材料；
（5）摩擦磨损性能测试：试验环境温度为235℃时，织物衬垫材料的磨损率为4.5×10- 14m3·(N·m)-1，摩擦系数为0.061。
实施例4
（1）玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物的织造：以聚四氟乙烯纤维为经纱，玄武岩纤维为纬纱，按照缎纹结构织造玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物。织物经向密度控制在300根/10cm，纬向密度控制在300根/10cm；
（2）浸渍胶液的配制：将酚醛树脂胶粘剂按1g:5mL的比例稀释于乙醇、丙酮的混合溶剂（二者的体积比1:1）中，得到酚醛树脂浸渍液；
（3）织物复合材料预浸料的制备：将混纺织物置于等离子体设备中，在100 W的功率处理15 min，然后在酚醛树脂浸渍液中浸渍、烘干，重复浸渍、烘干直至混纺织物的上胶量达到20wt%，得织物复合材料预浸料；
（4）热固化处理：利用酚醛树脂胶粘剂将所得复合材料预浸料粘贴在4Cr13轴承钢基材表面，然后在200oC，0.4 MPa条件下固化反应2 h，得到自润滑织物衬垫材料；
（5）摩擦磨损性能测试：试验环境温度为235℃时，织物衬垫材料的磨损率为4.0×10- 14m3·(N·m)-1，摩擦系数为0.052。

Claims (8)

1.一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备方法，是以聚四氟乙烯纤维为经纱，玄武岩纤维为纬纱，按照一定的组织结构和经纬纱密度织造玄武岩纤维/聚四氟乙烯纤维混纺织物；将混纺织物经空气等离子体改性处理后在酚醛树脂溶液中浸渍、烘干，并重复浸渍、烘干，直至混纺织物的上胶量达到15~40 wt%；然后用聚酰亚胺树脂胶粘剂将浸渍好的织物粘贴在金属基材表面，最后经固化反应，得到玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料。
2.如权利要求1所述一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述织物的结构为平纹、斜纹、缎纹中的一种或联合使用几种组织。
3.如权利要求1所述一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述织物的经向密度为320~490根/10cm，纬向密度为320~490根/10cm。
4.如权利要求1所述一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述空气等离子体处理混纺织物的功率为40~300W，处理时间为5~30min。
5.如权利要求1所述一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述酚醛树脂溶液是用乙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯至少两种的混合溶剂稀释至酚醛树脂质量浓度为0.1~0.3g/mL的溶液。
6.如权利要求1所述一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述金属基材为轴承钢。
7.如权利要求1所述一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述固化反应是在压力0 .01~3MPa，升温至150~250oC，保温处理0.5~3h。
8.如权利要求7所述一种玄武岩纤维基自润滑织物衬垫材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述升温速率控制在3~10oC/min。
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