CN112273544A - 一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种畜牧养殖领域，具体公开了一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料及其制备方法；本发明的主旨是为了解决现有饲料不能更好地提高牛皮品质的问题；本发明公开的饲料包括以下重量份数的原料，含硫氨基酸衍生物0.5‑2份、草料30‑50份、谷物20‑30份、粗纤维饲料15‑20份、复合碳水化合物补剂5‑10份、乳清粉5‑10份、无机盐3‑5份、复合维生素补剂1‑2份、复合酶类补剂0.2‑0.5份；本发明公开的技术方案中含有大量含硫氨基酸补充剂，可以有效提高生牛的牛皮内蛋白质生成，从而提高牛皮的质量；本发明公开的技术方案中含有大量含硫氨基酸补充剂，可以有效提高生牛的牛皮内蛋白质生成，从而提高牛皮的质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种畜牧饲料领域，具体涉及一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
养殖业是传统畜牧业的支柱产业，在肉食加工、制革、制药等行业中起到了重要作用。在我国，肉牛养殖主要以粗饲料的粗放式饲养为主，在肉牛养殖过程中，提高肉牛产品的产量、质量和效益是饲养户共同追求的目标。
现有生牛饲料多为提高生牛的牛肉、乳品及健康质量，对于生牛牛皮的关注较少，而牛皮作为制革业的重要原料之一，一直未受到足够的重视，一直以来都被作为生牛其他产出的副产品，因此一种能提高牛皮品质的饲料对于制革领域及提高饲养农户经济效益是十分必要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，为解决现有饲料不能更好地提高牛皮品质的问题。
本发明的目的是提供一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，饲料包括以下重量份数的原料，含硫氨基酸衍生物0.5-2份、草料30-50份、谷物20-30份、粗纤维饲料15-20份、复合碳水化合物补剂5-10份、乳清粉5-10份、无机盐3-5份、复合维生素补剂1-2份、复合酶类补剂0.2-0.5份。
进一步地，所述含硫氨基酸衍生物包括蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸和胱氨酸中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述谷物为脱水谷物，包括胡萝卜和菠菜，还包括玉米、土豆和大豆中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述粗纤维饲料包括茶叶末，还包括高粱、荞麦、燕麦、木薯、番薯、竹薯、黄豆、青豆、绿豆和赤豆中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述复合碳水化合物补剂包括淀粉、葡萄糖和乳糖中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述无机盐包括食盐、钙盐、磷酸盐、锰盐、锌盐、硒盐和碘盐中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述复合维生素补剂每1kg包括3000-50000IU的维生素A、150-600IU的维生素D3、50-600IU的维生素E、60-1200mg的生物素和20-120mg的烟酸。
进一步地，所述复合酶类补剂每1kg包括蛋白酶1000-1500U/g、淀粉酶1500-3000U/g、纤维素酶2000-10000U/g和葡聚糖酶2500-4000U/g。
为得到饲料本发明还公开了一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料制备方法，所述制备方法为：
将草料、谷物和粗纤维饲料干燥、灭菌、粉碎后粗筛，初混后加入含硫氨基酸衍生物、复合碳水化合物补剂、乳清粉、无机盐、复合维生素补剂、复合酶类补剂，再次混合均匀后得到成品饲料。
进一步地，在再次混合均匀后对产物进行制粒，冷却后得到饲料颗粒。
与现有技术方案相比，本发明技术方案优点在于：本发明公开的技术方案中含有大量含硫氨基酸补充剂，可以有效提高生牛的牛皮内蛋白质生成，从而提高牛皮的质量，同时由于皮肤组织代谢快，兼而本发明可进一步促进生牛皮下组织的生长，因此需要一定的抗氧化成分，而本发明中添加的茶叶、胡萝卜和菠菜含有大量的茶多酚、胡萝卜素、维他命C具有很好的抗氧化性能，可以很好地避免因本发明的饲料而快速生长的细胞组织发生不良变异或因氧化而导致皮料质量下降，同时还可以降低阳光照射对皮料的损害，从而使皮料的性能得到进一步地提升。
具体实施方式
以下通过下述实施方式说明本发明，应理解，下述实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而非限制本发明。
实施例1
一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，由以下方法制得：
将重量份数为30份的草料、30份胡萝卜、菠菜、玉米、土豆和大豆脱水混合物和15份茶叶末、高粱、荞麦、燕麦、木薯、番薯、竹薯、黄豆、青豆、绿豆和赤豆的混合物，经过灭菌、粉碎后粗筛，初步混和再加入2份蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸混合物、5份淀粉、10份乳清粉、3份食盐、钙盐、磷酸盐、锰盐、锌盐、硒盐和碘盐中的混合物、2份复合维生素补剂、0.2份复合酶类补剂，再次混合均匀后对产物进行制粒，冷却后得到饲料颗粒。
具体的，复合维生素补剂每1kg包括50000IU的维生素A、150IU的维生素D3、600IU的维生素E、60mg的生物素和120mg的烟酸。
具体的，所述复合酶类补剂每1kg包括蛋白酶1000U/g、淀粉酶3000U/g、纤维素酶10000U/g和葡聚糖酶2500U/g。
所得饲料颗粒在育肥期供给生牛食用，每天分两次饲喂重量为生牛体重3％的饲料，饲喂时以1:1的重量比例向饲料中加入混匀，秋冬季节饲料较平常增加20％。
实施例2
一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，由以下方法制得：
将重量份数为50份的草料、20份胡萝卜、菠菜、玉米、土豆和大豆脱水混合物和20份茶叶末、高粱、荞麦、燕麦、木薯、番薯、竹薯、黄豆、青豆、绿豆和赤豆的混合物，经过干燥、灭菌、粉碎后粗筛，初步混和再加入0.5份蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸混合物、10份葡萄糖、5份乳清粉、5份食盐、钙盐、磷酸盐、锰盐、锌盐、硒盐和碘盐中的混合物、1份复合维生素补剂、0.5份复合酶类补剂，再次混合均匀后对产物进行制粒，冷却后得到饲料颗粒。
具体的，复合维生素补剂每1kg包括3000IU的维生素A、600IU的维生素D3、50IU的维生素E、1200mg的生物素、20mg的烟酸。
具体的，所述复合酶类补剂每1kg包括蛋白酶1500U/g、淀粉酶1500U/g、纤维素酶10000U/g和葡聚糖酶2500U/g。
所得饲料颗粒在育肥期供给生牛食用，每天分两次饲喂重量为生牛体重2.8％的饲料，饲喂时以1:1的重量比例向饲料中加入混匀，秋冬季节饲料较平常增加20％。
实施例3
一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，由以下方法制得：
将重量份数为40份的草料、25份胡萝卜、菠菜、玉米、土豆和大豆脱水混合物和18份茶叶末、高粱、荞麦、燕麦、木薯、番薯、竹薯、黄豆、青豆、绿豆和赤豆的混合物，经过干燥、灭菌、粉碎后粗筛，初步混和再加入1份蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸混合物、8份葡萄糖和乳糖混合物、8份乳清粉、4份食盐、钙盐、磷酸盐、锰盐、锌盐、硒盐和碘盐的混合物、1.5份复合维生素补剂、0.3份复合酶类补剂，再次混合均匀后对产物进行制粒，冷却后得到饲料颗粒。
具体的，复合维生素补剂每1kg包括30000IU的维生素A、450IU的维生素D3、300IU的维生素E、600mg的生物素和80mg的烟酸。
具体的，所述复合酶类补剂每1kg包括蛋白酶1200U/g、淀粉酶2000U/g、纤维素酶6000U/g和葡聚糖酶3000U/g。
所得饲料颗粒在育肥期供给生牛食用，每天分两次饲喂重量为生牛体重2.9％的饲料，饲喂时以1:1的重量比例向饲料中加入混匀，秋冬季节饲料较平常增加20％。
实施例4
一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，由以下方法制得：
将重量份数为30份的草料、30份胡萝卜、菠菜、玉米、土豆和大豆脱水混合物和20份茶叶末、高粱、荞麦、燕麦、木薯、番薯、竹薯、黄豆、青豆、绿豆和赤豆的混合物，经过干燥、灭菌、粉碎后粗筛，初步混和再加入2份蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸混合物、10份淀粉、葡萄糖和乳糖混合物、5份乳清粉、3份食盐、钙盐、磷酸盐、锰盐和锌盐的混合物、2份复合维生素补剂、0.2份复合酶类补剂，再次混合均匀后对产物进行制粒，冷却后得到饲料颗粒。
具体的，复合维生素补剂每1kg包括20000IU的维生素A，200IU的维生素D3，100IU的维生素E，1000mg的生物素和110mg的烟酸。
具体的，所述复合酶类补剂每1kg包括蛋白酶1500U/g、淀粉酶1500U/g、纤维素酶5000U/g、葡聚糖酶3000U/g。
所得饲料颗粒在育肥期供给生牛食用，每天分两次饲喂重量为生牛体重3.0％的饲料，饲喂时以1:1的重量比例向饲料中加入混匀，秋冬季节饲料较平常增加20％。
实施例5
一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，由以下方法制得：
将重量份数为40份的草料、25份胡萝卜、菠菜、玉米、土豆和大豆脱水混合物和15份茶叶末、高粱、荞麦、燕麦、木薯、番薯、竹薯、黄豆、青豆、绿豆和赤豆的混合物，经过干燥、灭菌、粉碎后粗筛，初步混和再加入0.5份含硫氨基酸衍生物、5份葡萄糖和乳糖的混合物、5份乳清粉、3份食盐、钙盐、磷酸盐、锰盐、锌盐、硒盐和碘盐的混合物、1份复合维生素补剂、0.2份复合酶类补剂，再次混合均匀后对产物进行制粒，冷却后得到饲料颗粒。
具体的，复合维生素补剂每1kg包括3000IU的维生素A、150IU的维生素D3、50IU的维生素E、60mg的生物素和20mg的烟酸。
具体的，所述复合酶类补剂每1kg包括蛋白酶1000U/g、淀粉酶1500U/g、纤维素酶2000U/g和葡聚糖酶2500U/g。
效果实施例
本实施例主要通过三个指标衡量生牛牛皮的品质：
1.牛皮拉伸率：按标准QB-T2721-2018对各实施例及对比例进行检测。
2.牛皮抗张强度：按标准QB/T2710-2018对各实施例及对比例进行检测。
3.蛋白质含量：采用凯氏定氮法对各实施例及对比例进行检测。
其中拉伸率及抗张强度可以反映裸皮的机械强度，蛋白质含量则可以直观地反映本发明饲料对生牛生长的促进作用。
各实施例所用生牛为4月大开始食用本饲料的生牛，至25月大时出栏。
对比例所用生牛为为4月大开始谷饲及草饲结合喂养的生牛，至25月大时出栏。
本实施例及对比例检测用皮为挤水后，在室温下钉板干燥的裸皮。
| 测试类目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 对比例 |
| 拉伸率 | 53.7％ | 62.8％ | 60.4％ | 67.9％ | 59.1％ | 43.2％ |
| 抗张强度 | 0.8Mpa | 1.1Mpa | 1.2Mpa | 0.9Mpa | 0.7Mpa | 0.6Mpa |
| 蛋白质含量 | 23.1％ | 25.2％ | 21.7％ | 28.6％ | 20.5％ | 17.1％ |
最后应说明的是：以上实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施方式对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施方式所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施方式技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，其特征在于，所述提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料包括以下重量份数的原料，含硫氨基酸衍生物0.5-2份、草料30-50份、谷物20-30份、粗纤维饲料15-20份、复合碳水化合物补剂5-10份、乳清粉5-10份、无机盐3-5份、复合维生素补剂1-2份、复合酶类补剂0.2-0.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，其特征在于，所述含硫氨基酸衍生物选自蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸和胱氨酸中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，其特征在于，所述谷物为脱水谷物，选自胡萝卜、菠菜、玉米、土豆和大豆中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，其特征在于，所述粗纤维饲料选自茶叶末、高粱、荞麦、燕麦、木薯、番薯、竹薯、黄豆、青豆、绿豆和赤豆中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，其特征在于，所述复合碳水化合物补剂选自淀粉、葡萄糖和乳糖中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，其特征在于，所述无机盐包括食盐、钙盐、磷酸盐、锰盐、锌盐、硒盐和碘盐中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，其特征在于，所述复合维生素补剂每1kg包括3000-50000IU的维生素A、150-600IU的维生素D3、50-600IU的维生素E、60-1200mg的生物素和20-120mg的烟酸。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料，其特征在于，所述复合酶类补剂每1kg包括蛋白酶1000-1500U/g、淀粉酶1500-3000U/g、纤维素酶2000-10000U/g和葡聚糖酶2500-4000U/g。
9.一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法为：
将草料、谷物和粗纤维饲料干燥、灭菌、粉碎后粗筛，初混后加入含硫氨基酸衍生物、复合碳水化合物补剂、乳清粉、无机盐、复合维生素补剂、复合酶类补剂，再次混合均匀后得到成品饲料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种可提高生牛牛皮品质的饲料制备方法，其特征在于，在再次混合均匀后对产物进行制粒，冷却后得到饲料颗粒。
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