CN112271895B

CN112271895B - Cross magnetic flux rolling brush rotor-stacked motor

Info

Publication number: CN112271895B
Application number: CN202011234044.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高立军
Original assignee: Weiye Motor Co ltd
Current assignee: Weiye Motor Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-28
Filing date: 2020-04-28
Publication date: 2023-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-28
Also published as: CN111431365B; CN111431365A; CN112271896B; CN112271895A; CN112271896A

Abstract

The invention discloses a crossed magnetic flux rolling brush stacked rotor motor, which comprises a shell, a fixed magnet, an excitation iron core, a movable magnet and a main shaft, wherein the fixed magnet is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, the movable magnet is fixedly connected to the main shaft, the main shaft is supported and arranged on the inner wall of the shell through a bearing, the excitation iron core is also arranged on the inner wall of the shell through the bearing, the rotation axis of the excitation iron core is coincident with the axis of the main shaft, the excitation iron core is electrified and excited to generate an alternating magnetic field, the magnetic field of the excitation iron core and the magnetic field of the fixed magnet act to rotate, the magnetic field of the excitation iron core also drives the movable magnet in the excitation iron core to rotate, the rotation on the movable magnet is transmitted on the main shaft as output, namely, the motor is provided with two rotating parts, the two electromagnetic driving rotations are carried out twice, the speeds on the main shaft are superposed, and the magnetic fields of the movable magnet and the fixed magnet can be generated electrically or the permanent magnet itself.

Description

Cross magnetic flux rolling brush rotor-stacked motor

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of motors, in particular to a crossed magnetic flux rolling brush stacked rotor motor.

Background

An electric motor is a rotary power supply member used in a large amount by industry.

In the prior art, the most common is a three-phase asynchronous motor, the motor is limited by a structure, when the power supply does not perform over-frequency, the motor operates in a power frequency (50 Hz) state, the maximum rotating speed of the motor is only 3000rpm, and in the application occasion with higher speed, the power supply either performs over-frequency or performs speed-increasing transmission through a gear box, the motor efficiency is rapidly reduced during frequency conversion operation, and under the forms of the gear box and the like, the mechanical structure is complex, and the mechanical efficiency is affected.

In the prior art, in order to realize rapid stop during no-load, a motor needs to be provided with a brake structure, and the brake structure is generally contact friction braking in the forms of hoops, brake pads and the like, so that the wear is severe.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cross magnetic flux rolling brush stacked rotor motor which is used for solving the problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the motor comprises a shell, a fixed magnet, an exciting iron core, a movable magnet and a main shaft, wherein the fixed magnet is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, the movable magnet is fixedly connected to the main shaft, the main shaft is supported and arranged on the inner wall of the shell through a bearing, the exciting iron core is also arranged on the inner wall of the shell through a bearing, the rotating axis of the exciting iron core is coincident with the axis of the main shaft, the exciting iron core is electrified and excited to generate an alternating magnetic field, the magnetic field of the exciting iron core and the magnetic field of the fixed magnet act to rotate, the magnetic field of the exciting iron core also drives the movable magnet in the exciting iron core to rotate, the rotation on the movable magnet is transmitted on the main shaft as output, namely, the motor is provided with two rotating parts, two electromagnetic driving rotations are carried out, the speeds on the main shaft are superposed at two speeds finally, and the magnetic fields of the movable magnet and the fixed magnet can be generated electrically or the permanent magnet itself.

Further, the excitation iron core comprises a core bar, pole shoes and excitation coils, the core bar and the pole shoes are provided with an even number and are alternately connected into a ring shape, the excitation coils are a whole wire and are sequentially wound on the core bar, the spiral directions of the excitation coils wound on the adjacent core bars are opposite, the end parts of the excitation coils are thread ends, and the thread ends are connected with external alternating current.

The annular body formed by the core rod and the pole shoe alternately in turn is a core component of the excitation iron core, and the excitation coil is wrapped on the core rod, so that after the excitation coil is electrified, an electric magnetic field can be generated on the core rod, and the pole shoes become individual magnetic poles due to the fact that the excitation coils on the adjacent core rods are alternately arranged and the spiral directions of the excitation coils on the adjacent core rods are opposite, so that the number of the core rods and the pole shoes is even as long as the number of the pole shoes is even on the complete annular body, the alternately-appearing NS poles can be established as a core rotor of the follow-up electric rotation, and the NS poles on the pole shoes are alternately-changed due to the fact that alternating current is electrified, so that the driving force for rotation relative to the fixed magnet is provided.

Further, the excitation iron core further comprises a supporting cylinder and electrode rings, the supporting cylinder is a part connected to two sides of the annular part formed by the core rod and the pole shoe, the supporting cylinder extends along the axial direction of the main shaft, two ends of the supporting cylinder are mounted on the casing through bearings, two rings of electrode rings are arranged on the supporting cylinder, the supporting cylinder is an insulator, the electrode rings take the main shaft as an axis, wire heads are respectively independently penetrated on the two electrode rings in the thick of the supporting cylinder wall, the outer parts of the electrode rings are respectively abutted against a rolling brush, the rolling brush applies an abutting force towards the electrode rings through a torsion spring at the mounting axis, and the rolling brush is an electric conductor and is connected with external alternating current.

Because the exciting core is a rotating part, in order to introduce an electric signal into the exciting core, dynamic and static contact positions are necessarily generated, a plurality of contacts are generally arranged in the original motor, a plurality of sector plates are arranged in pairs at two contact members of alternating current, electrodes are separated at the junction of the sector plates through a separation belt, and in the electric brush arrangement mode, short electrodes are separated from and are in contact with each other at the junction, so that the risks of spark and the like are easy to generate. However, the disconnection and re-contact of the electrode tend to cause current impact at the contact position, the electrode material is easy to damage, in the application, the wire ends are led to the two annular electrode rings, the two electrode rings bear external connection tasks, the electrode rings have complete circular arcs, therefore, the rolling brush can keep the contact state with the electrode rings all the time, the complete circular ring electrode does not need great contact force, the installation position of the rolling brush only needs to provide a slight contact force facing the electrode rings, the rolling brush is in rolling contact with the electrode rings, the friction is further reduced, and external electric connection is led out at the rotation axis of the rolling brush.

Further, the rolling brush is a graphite rolling brush. The graphite is soft, even if the contact part of the electrode is worn, the electrode is a worn rolling brush, the replacement is convenient, and the maintenance cost is low.

Furthermore, the core bar and the pole shoe are annular silicon steel sheets formed by overlapping and splicing the silicon steel sheets, so that the magnetic permeability is good, the technology is mature, the shape is formed by punching, and the density and the mass distribution are uniform.

Further, the moving magnet is a permanent magnet, the permanent magnet has an own magnetic field without excitation, is connected with an electromagnetic field and generates acting force to perform rotary driving, current excitation is performed on a rotary component to cause device complexity, dangerous situations such as brush spark and the like are easy to occur at an electric signal joint, stator excitation is performed in the prior art, the permanent magnet is arranged on a rotor to eliminate a brush structure, the electromagnetic field generated by electrifying on a rotary excitation iron core is the core requirement of a double-layer rotor, the moving magnet inside the moving magnet does not need current excitation, the permanent magnet can meet the requirement of use, and the brush structure is reduced as much as possible.

Further, the fixed magnet is also a permanent magnet, the movable magnet and the permanent magnet are both permanent magnets, automatic braking during stopping can be realized, in the prior art, the electromagnetic control 'brake pad' is added to the rotating shaft for rapid braking during stopping of the motor, namely: an electromagnetic brake is arranged on a shaft of the motor, the motor is electrified and attracted when the motor is electrified, the motor is not braked, the motor is also powered off when the motor is powered off, the brake brakes the motor under the action of a spring, but the main shaft is possibly worn by the mode, the motor is braked in a non-contact mode, when the exciting iron core is electrified, the exciting iron core and the movable magnet rotate, once the power supply is powered off, the exciting iron core becomes an intermediate magnetizer without an own magnetic field, the movable magnet at the inner ring can be attracted to stop at the opposite position of any inner ring and outer ring NS at the outer ring, the movable magnet is prevented from continuously rotating, namely, the movable magnet is enabled to rapidly stop rotating through the magnetism of the permanent magnet, and the motor is non-contact and free from abrasion.

Further, the shell is filled with transformer oil. The transformer oil lubricating bearing also fills the magnetic gap between the exciting iron core and the fixed magnet and the moving magnet, prevents the former air dust in the shell from causing magnetic force line deformation to influence the use, and should be noted that because the transformer oil is in a liquid state, the rotating resistance of the transformer oil to the rotor is obviously larger than that of the air, so that in order to have smaller self-contained resistance when the motor operates at the rated rotating speed, the inner wall of the shell should have a structure suitable for the circumferential rotation of fluid, the inner part of the shell is ensured to be smooth as much as possible, the large rotating resistance caused by the similar flaky bulge does not appear, and the transformer oil in the shell has a certain rotating speed and fully brings the heating of the rotor to the wall surface of the shell to dissipate heat at the rated rotating speed.

Further, the transformer oil in the shell is subjected to external circulation, and when the transformer oil reaches the outside, the transformer oil is cooled through a heat dissipation coil or a heat exchanger. The transformer oil is subjected to external circulation and heat dissipation through the heat exchanger or the coil pipe, so that heat of the rotor can be taken away more.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through a double-layer rotor structure, two layers of electromagnetic driving structures of the movable magnet and the fixed magnet are respectively constructed on the exciting iron core, so that double-layer rotating speed driving is obtained, the rotating speed is the superposition of a single-layer driving structure, and the rotating speed range is one time greater than that of an asynchronous motor in the prior art; in the three-layer magnet, the electric magnetic field of the exciting iron core is positioned in the middle position, and the permanent magnets are positioned on the two sides, when the electric magnetic field acts, the motor operates normally, and after the exciting iron core is powered off, the electric magnetic field is eliminated, and the movable fixed magnet acts in the exciting iron core in a cross way, so that the quick stopping of the exciting iron core and the movable magnet is facilitated, and the purpose of non-contact power-off braking is achieved.

Drawings

In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall axial section of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circumferential distribution of the housing, the fixed magnet, the exciting core and the moving magnet;

FIG. 3 is diagram A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cross-section of an axial plane near the field core of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a support cylinder and electrode ring of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the invention where the electrode ring contacts the roller brush.

In the figure: 1-shell, 2-fixed magnet, 3-bearing, 4-excitation iron core, 41-core bar, 42-pole shoe, 43-excitation coil, 431-thread end, 44-support cylinder, 45-electrode ring, 5-moving magnet, 6-main shaft and 7-rolling brush.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1, a cross magnetic flux rolling brush stacked rotor motor comprises a casing 1, a fixed magnet 2, an excitation iron core 4, a movable magnet 5 and a main shaft 6, wherein the fixed magnet 2 is installed on the inner wall of the casing 1, the movable magnet 5 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 6, the main shaft 6 is installed on the inner wall of the casing 1 through a bearing 3 in a supporting manner, the excitation iron core 4 is also installed on the inner wall of the casing 1 through the bearing 3, the rotation axis of the excitation iron core 4 coincides with the axis of the main shaft 6, the excitation iron core 4 is electrified and excited to generate an alternating magnetic field, the magnetic field of the excitation iron core 4 acts with the magnetic field of the fixed magnet 2 to rotate, the magnetic field of the excitation iron core 4 also drives the movable magnet 5 in the interior of the motor to rotate, the rotation on the main shaft 6 is transmitted as an output, namely, the motor is provided with two rotating parts, the two electromagnetic driving rotations are arranged, the speed on the main shaft 6 is the superposition of the two speeds, for example, the pair of electrodes of the fixed magnet 2, the excitation iron core 4 and the movable magnet 5 is a pair, and the standard synchronous rotation speed is 3000rpm under a 50Hz power supply, but the rotation speed is 6000 rpm. The magnetic fields of the moving magnet 5 and the fixed magnet 2 may be generated by electricity or may be permanent magnets.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the exciting core 4 includes a core bar 41, a pole shoe 42, and exciting coils 43, the core bar 41 and the pole shoe 42 have an even number and are alternately connected in a ring shape, the exciting coils 43 are a whole wire and are sequentially wound on the core bar 41, the spiral directions of the exciting coils 43 wound on adjacent core bars 41 are opposite, the end parts of the exciting coils 43 are wire heads 431, and the wire heads 431 are connected with external alternating current.

The annular body formed by alternately arranging the core rod 41 and the pole shoe 42 in turn is a core member of the excitation iron core 4, the excitation coil 43 is wound around the core rod 41, so that after the excitation coil 43 is energized, an electro-magnetic field can be generated on the core rod 41, since the excitation coils 43 on adjacent core rods 41 are alternately arranged and the spiral directions of the excitation coils 43 on adjacent core rods 41 are opposite, as shown in fig. 3, the pole shoe 42 becomes individual magnetic poles, in fig. 3, the spiral direction of the current on the core rod 41 at the middle position is left-handed, according to the right rule, the pole shoe 42 on the left side of the core rod 41 is N-handed, in the right side is S-handed, in fig. 3, the current on the core rod 41 on the right side is right-handed, the right rule gives that the left side of the core rod 41 is S-handed, and the right side is N-handed, and as long as the whole annular body is provided with an even number of the pole rods 41 and the pole shoe 42, as a core rotor of the subsequent electric rotation, the NS-handed driving force on the pole shoe 42 is alternately changed, so that has a rotation relative to the stator 2.

As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the exciting core 4 further includes a supporting cylinder 44 and electrode rings 45, the supporting cylinder 44 is a part connected to two sides of an annular part formed by the core bar 41 and the pole shoe 42, the supporting cylinder 44 extends axially along the spindle 6, two ends of the supporting cylinder 44 are mounted on the casing 1 through the bearing 3, two rings of electrode rings 45 are arranged on the supporting cylinder 44, the supporting cylinder 44 is an insulator, the electrode rings 45 take the spindle 6 as an axis, the wire heads 431 are respectively and independently penetrated on the two electrode rings 45 in the wall thickness of the supporting cylinder 44, the outer parts of the electrode rings 45 respectively abut against a rolling brush 7, the rolling brush 7 applies a contact force towards the electrode rings 45 through a torsion spring at the mounting axis, and the rolling brush 7 is an electric conductor and is connected with external alternating current.

Because the exciting core 4 is a rotating component, in order to introduce an electric signal into the exciting core 4, a dynamic and static contact position is necessarily generated, in the original motor, a plurality of contacts are generally arranged, a plurality of sector plates are arranged in pairs at two contact members of alternating current, and electrodes are separated at the junction of the sector plates through a separation belt. However, the disconnection and re-contact of the electrodes tend to cause current impact at the contact position, the electrode materials are easy to damage, in the application, by leading the wire ends to the two annular electrode rings 45, the two electrode rings 45 bear the external connection task, and the electrode rings 45 have complete circular arcs, so that the rolling brush 7 can keep the contact state with the electrode rings 45 all the time, the complete circular ring electrode does not need great contact force, as shown in fig. 6, the installation position of the rolling brush 7 only needs to give a slight contact force to one of the rolling brush 7 towards the electrode rings 45, the rolling brush 7 is in rolling contact with the electrode rings 45, the friction is further reduced, and external electrical connection is led out at the rotation axis of the rolling brush 7.

The rolling brush 7 is a graphite rolling brush. The graphite is soft, even if the contact part of the electrode is worn, the rolling brush 7 is worn, the replacement is convenient, and the maintenance cost is low.

The core bar 41 and the pole shoe 42 are annular silicon steel sheets formed by overlapping and splicing silicon steel sheets, the magnetic permeability is good, the technology is mature, the shape is formed by punching, and the density and the mass distribution are uniform.

The moving magnet 5 is a permanent magnet, the permanent magnet has an own magnetic field without excitation, is connected with an electromagnetic field and generates acting force to carry out rotary driving, current excitation is carried out on a rotary component to cause device complexity, dangerous situations such as brush spark and the like are easy to occur at an electric signal contact point, stator excitation is carried out in the prior art, the permanent magnet is arranged on a rotor to eliminate a brush structure, the electromagnetic field generated by electrifying the rotary excitation iron core 4 is the core requirement of a double-layer rotor, the moving magnet 5 inside the double-layer rotor does not need current excitation, and the permanent magnet can meet the requirement of use, so that the brush structure is reduced as much as possible.

The fixed magnet 2 is also a permanent magnet, the movable magnet 5 and the permanent magnet 2 are both permanent magnets, automatic braking during stopping can be realized, in the prior art, electromagnetic control 'brake pads' are added on a rotating shaft for rapid braking during motor stopping, namely: an electromagnetic brake is arranged on a shaft of the motor, the motor is electrified and attracted when the motor is electrified, the motor is not braked, the motor is also powered off when the motor is powered off, the brake brakes the motor under the action of a spring, but the main shaft is possibly worn by the mode, the motor is braked in a non-contact mode, as shown in figure 3, when the exciting iron core 4 is electrified, the exciting iron core 4 and the movable magnet 5 rotate, once the power supply is powered off, the exciting iron core 4 becomes an intermediate magnetizer without an own magnetic field, the movable magnet 5 on the inner ring can be attracted by the fixed magnet 2 on the outer ring to stop at the opposite position of any inner ring and outer ring NS, and the movable magnet 5 is prevented from continuously rotating, namely, the movable magnet 5 is enabled to rapidly stop rotating through the magnetism of the permanent magnet, and the non-contact type and abrasion-free.

The shell 1 is filled with transformer oil. The transformer oil lubricating bearing also fills the magnetic gap between the exciting iron core 4 and the fixed magnet 2 and the movable magnet 5, prevents the former air dust in the shell 1 from causing magnetic force line deformation to influence the use, and should be noted that because the transformer oil is in a liquid state, the rotating resistance of the transformer oil to the rotor is obviously larger than that of the air, so that in order to have smaller self resistance when the motor operates at the rated rotating speed, the inner wall of the shell 1 should have a structure suitable for the circumferential rotation of fluid, the smoothness of the inner part of the shell 1 is ensured as much as possible, the large rotating resistance caused by the similar flaky bulge is not generated, and the transformer oil in the shell 1 has a certain rotating speed at the rated rotating speed, so that the heat of the rotor is fully brought to the wall surface of the shell 1 for heat dissipation.

The transformer oil in the shell 1 is subjected to external circulation, and when the transformer oil reaches the outside, the transformer oil is cooled by a heat dissipation coil or a heat exchanger. The transformer oil is subjected to external circulation and heat dissipation through the heat exchanger or the coil pipe, so that heat of the rotor can be taken away more.

The operation principle of the motor is as follows: the outside inputs alternating current on two electrode rings 45 through the rolling brush 7, alternating current alternates the spiral direction to flow through the core bar 41, forms alternating NS poles on the pole shoe 42, the exciting iron core 4 acts with the fixed magnet 2 to generate rotation force, the exciting iron core 4 rotates at one stage, the changing magnetic field of the exciting iron core 4 acts on the movable magnet 5 inside to generate secondary rotation, and the secondary rotation is loaded on the main shaft 6 to output; after the power-off shutdown, the excitation iron core 4 is demagnetized, the excitation iron core 4 is used as an intermediate body of the movable magnet 5 and the fixed magnet 2 to conduct magnetic force lines, the movable magnet 5 is attracted by the fixed magnet 2 to stop at a position opposite to the NS, and the braking force is high-efficiency braking.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims

1. A crossed magnetic flux roll brush stacked rotor motor, characterized by: the motor comprises a shell (1), a fixed magnet (2), an excitation iron core (4), a movable magnet (5) and a main shaft (6), wherein the fixed magnet (2) is arranged on the inner wall of the shell (1), the movable magnet (5) is fixedly connected to the main shaft (6), the main shaft (6) is supported and arranged on the inner wall of the shell (1) through a bearing (3), the excitation iron core (4) is also arranged on the inner wall of the shell (1) through the bearing (3), the rotation axis of the excitation iron core (4) coincides with the axis of the main shaft (6), and the excitation iron core (4) is electrified and excited to generate an alternating magnetic field;

the exciting iron core (4) comprises core bars (41), pole shoes (42) and exciting coils (43), wherein the core bars (41) and the pole shoes (42) are provided with an even number and are alternately connected into a ring shape, the exciting coils (43) are a whole wire and are sequentially wound on the core bars (41), the spiral directions of the exciting coils (43) wound on the adjacent core bars (41) are opposite, the end parts of the exciting coils (43) are thread ends (431), and the thread ends (431) are connected with external alternating current;

the excitation iron core (4) further comprises a supporting cylinder (44) and electrode rings (45), the supporting cylinder (44) is a part connected to two sides of an annular part formed by the core bar (41) and the pole shoe (42), the supporting cylinder (44) extends along the axial direction of the main shaft (6), two ends of the supporting cylinder (44) are mounted on the casing (1) through bearings (3), two circles of electrode rings (45) are arranged on the supporting cylinder (44), the supporting cylinder (44) is an insulator, the electrode rings (45) take the main shaft (6) as an axis, wire heads (431) are respectively and independently arranged in the wall thickness of the supporting cylinder (44) in a penetrating mode and are connected to the two electrode rings (45), the outer parts of the electrode rings (45) are respectively abutted against one rolling brush (7), the rolling brush (7) applies an abutting force towards the electrode rings (45) through torsion springs at the mounting axes of the rolling brush (7), and the rolling brush (7) is an electric conductor and is connected with external alternating current;

the rolling brush (7) is a graphite rolling brush; the shell (1) is filled with transformer oil.

2. A cross flux roll brush stacked rotor electric machine as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and the transformer oil in the shell (1) is subjected to external circulation, and when the transformer oil reaches the outside, the transformer oil is cooled through a heat dissipation coil or a heat exchanger.