CN112270877A - Beam forming experiment system, experiment method and high-resolution detection equipment - Google Patents
Beam forming experiment system, experiment method and high-resolution detection equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of experimental simulation, and discloses a beam forming experimental system, an experimental method and high-resolution detection equipment.A display control and processing system of the system carries out parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition, signal processing and experimental waveform and data display; the experimental box body is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and autonomous experiment; the ultrasonic array performs electro-acoustic conversion, converts electrical signals into acoustic signals during transmission, and converts multichannel acoustic signals into multichannel electrical signals during reception. The invention can develop 3 module-level verification experiments such as system clock design, transceiving conversion, time gain control and the like and 5 autonomous innovation experiments such as pulse ranging, DDS, quadrature demodulation, pulse compression, beam forming and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of experiments, and particularly relates to a beam forming experiment system, an experiment method and high-resolution detection equipment.
Background
At present, beam forming is a novel high-resolution detection technology and is widely applied to the fields of economic society and military information. In the course teaching of electronic information major in colleges and universities, the beam forming principle has become the core basic teaching content of the detection principle course. The teaching aid has the advantages of abstract theoretical system, numerous and complicated technical elements, and strong professionality and academia, and for a long time, the matched experiments of the part of teaching contents mostly adopt a virtual simulation mode, so that the physical experiment means is limited, and the improvement of the teaching effect is seriously influenced.
If the existing beam forming sonar is moved to a laboratory, not only a large-scale water pool is needed, the cost of the experimental site is high, but also the beam forming sonar equipment is high. Therefore, the existing beam forming imaging equipment is moved to a laboratory for experiment, and has higher difficulty and higher cost.
The invention simplifies the design of the complex beam forming equipment, not only can reflect the principle of beam forming imaging, but also greatly reduces the cost and the use site condition.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a beam forming experiment system, an experiment method and high-resolution detection equipment.
The invention is realized in such a way that a beamforming experimental method comprises the following steps:
utilizing a display control and processing system to carry out signal transmission and data acquisition of multi-channel received signals, and carrying out beam forming processing on the acquired data; simultaneously displaying the acquired original signals and the result after the beam forming processing; the beamforming process comprises:
when the electric signal is transmitted, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal by using an ultrasonic array;
when receiving ultrasonic signals, the ultrasonic array is used for converting the multi-channel ultrasonic signals into multi-channel electric signals.
Further, before the display control and processing system is used for signal transmission and data acquisition of multi-channel received signals, the following steps are required:
inputting a digital transmitting signal to a transmitting unit, amplifying the received digital transmitting signal by the transmitting unit, and then driving an energy converter to generate transmitting sound waves;
inputting the echo signals amplified and filtered by the receiver into an AD acquisition unit;
placing the experimental target in front of the transducer array (within ± 20 degrees);
detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal; and if the system is normal, setting system parameters.
Further, after the beam forming processing, the display control and processing system displays the imaging result; and simultaneously measuring the distance and the position of the displayed target, comparing the error with the actual position, and recording related data.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a beamforming experimental system, comprising:
the system comprises a display control and processing system, an experiment box body and an ultrasonic array;
the display control and processing system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition, signal processing and experimental waveform and data display; simultaneously, the system is used for human-computer interaction;
the experiment box body comprises a main control experiment module and an autonomous experiment module; the system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and autonomous experiment;
an ultrasonic array for electro-acoustic conversion; when transmitting, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal; when receiving, converting the multi-channel ultrasonic signals into multi-channel electric signals;
further, the display control and processing system comprises:
the signal emission control module is used for carrying out signal emission control;
the signal recording control module is used for controlling the recording of the echo signals;
the data processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the recorded data;
the display module is used for displaying the original acquisition signals of all the channels and the results after signal processing;
and the data measurement module is used for measuring the target position in the imaging result.
Further, the experiment box includes:
the main control experiment module comprises a main control FPGA unit, an ADC unit, a main control DDS unit, a TVG unit, a receiving unit, an emitting unit, a detection and shaping unit and a main control LED display unit; the device is used for setting parameters, controlling instructions, acquiring data and displaying experimental waveforms and data by using display control software;
the autonomous experimental module comprises an FPGA unit, a DDS unit 1, a DDS unit 2, a nixie tube display unit and an LED display unit; for performing autonomous programming and autonomous experiments.
Further, the main control experiment module comprises:
the main control FPGA unit is used for generating emission gating, acquisition gating, an acquisition clock and a digital emission signal; the system is used for leading out the emission gating signal to an FPGA unit of the student autonomous experiment module for signal interconnection; meanwhile, the system is used for carrying out Ethernet communication with the network interface chip, receiving control instructions and parameters sent by the PC and sending the obtained data; the device is used for generating a digital transmitting signal, receiving an output signal of the detection and shaping module and calculating a distance measurement value; generating a control signal of the ADC, and intending to collect an echo signal through the ADC; generating a control signal of a main control DDS unit, calculating parameters of a relevant register, and outputting a waveform signal of a designated parameter through the main control DDS unit; generating TVG data and control signals, and outputting gain control signals of the variable gain amplifier through the TVG unit; generating a control signal and a transmitting signal of a multi-channel acquisition system, and controlling a multi-channel data acquisition module to acquire a receiving signal;
the ADC unit is used for collecting echo signals;
the main control DDS unit is used for generating a transmitting signal;
the transmitting unit is used for driving the MOS tube to be switched on or switched off in a switch mode, and then the transformer boosts the voltage to drive the transducer to transmit;
the TVG unit comprises a DAC, a reference source and a signal isolation circuit; for generating a gain control signal that varies with distance;
the receiving unit comprises a pre-stage amplifier, a first-stage active band-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier and a second-stage active band-pass filter; amplifying and filtering the received echo waves;
the detection and shaping unit is used for envelope detection of the conditioned signal, shaping the detected signal through a Schmidt shaper, and outputting the signal to the FPGA through photoelectric isolation;
the main control LED display unit comprises an experiment state indicator light, a power state indicator light, a communication state indicator light and an experiment project indicator light; indicating power status, network status and ongoing experiments.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a high resolution detection apparatus, which is used to implement the beam forming experiment control method.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention fills the blank of the domestic colleges and universities class beam forming experiment system. The invention simplifies and designs the complex and huge equipment system for beam forming imaging, reserves the theoretical system, highlights the basic principle and the core technology, has complete elements, is open and autonomous, and builds a bridge between abstract and obscure theoretical knowledge and intuitive and experienceable physical phenomena by taking ultrasonic waves as signal carriers. 3 module-level verification experiments such as system clock design, transceiving conversion, time gain control and the like can be developed, a micro system can be formed by flexible interconnection among modules, 5 independent innovative experiments such as pulse ranging, DDS, quadrature demodulation, pulse compression, beam forming imaging and the like can be developed, and the full coverage of knowledge points and key technologies of a course theory teaching main body is realized.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the radar/sonar signal transmitting simulation device has a radar/sonar signal transmitting simulation function. Various signals typical of coherent electronic detection systems may be generated. And the transmitting module is used for amplifying power and driving the transducer to transmit.
(2) The radar/sonar signal receiving simulation function is provided. And performing signal conditioning on the signals received by the transducer by utilizing the TVG module and the receiving module. The device has a function of detecting, shaping and outputting a received echo signal. And the ADC module acquires the conditioned received signal and transmits the conditioned received signal to the display control and processing unit.
(3) The radar/sonar simulation system has a radar/sonar signal processing function. The display control and processing unit can simulate typical signal processing algorithms of radar/sonar such as quadrature demodulation, pulse compression, beam forming and the like.
(4) The radar/sonar display control function is achieved. The display control and processing unit can simulate the functions of signal parameter setting, system control, original echo display, processing result display and the like of the radar/sonar.
(5) The method has an open autonomous programming practical function. The student can independently develop the FPGA of the student area by VHDL programming and design to realize digital pulse ranging; and the MATLAB programming can be used for processing experimental data to complete DDS, orthogonal demodulation, pulse compression, beam forming and other processing.
Compared with a beam forming simulation experiment, the method can not only enable students to know the basic structures and the implementation modes of the sonar receiver, the transmitter, the display control system and the signal processing system, but also enable the students to master the basic principle of beam forming and the common means of an electronic detection principle.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental beamforming system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a beamforming experimental system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a display control and processing system; 2. an experiment box body; 3. an ultrasound array.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a core master control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between an ADC module and a main control FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between a DDS module and a main control FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a TVG module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a detection shaping module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a beamforming experiment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a beamforming experimental system, an experimental method and a high resolution detection device, which are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a beamforming experimental system provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the system comprises a display control and processing system 1, an experiment box body 2 and an ultrasonic array 3;
the display control and processing system 1 is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition, signal processing and experimental waveform and data display; simultaneously, the system is used for human-computer interaction;
the experiment box body 2 comprises a main control experiment module and an autonomous experiment module; the system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and autonomous experiment;
a transducer system 3 for performing electro-acoustic conversion using ultrasonic waves as a medium; when transmitting, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal; when receiving, converting the multi-channel ultrasonic signals into multi-channel electric signals;
the display control and processing system 1 provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the signal emission control module is used for carrying out signal emission control;
the signal recording control module is used for controlling the recording of the echo signals;
the data processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the recorded data;
the display module is used for displaying the original acquisition signals of all the channels and the results after signal processing;
and the data measurement module is used for measuring the target position in the imaging result.
The experimental box body 2 provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the main control experiment module comprises a main control FPGA unit, an ADC unit, a main control DDS unit, a TVG unit, a receiving unit, an emitting unit, a detection and shaping unit and a main control LED display unit; the device is used for setting parameters, controlling instructions, acquiring data and displaying experimental waveforms and data by using display control software;
the autonomous experimental module comprises an FPGA unit, a DDS unit 1, a DDS unit 2, a nixie tube display unit and an LED display unit; for performing autonomous programming and autonomous experiments.
As shown in fig. 3 to 8, the main control experiment module provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the main control FPGA unit is used for generating emission gating, acquisition gating, an acquisition clock and a digital emission signal; the system is used for leading out the emission gating signal to an FPGA unit of the student autonomous experiment module for signal interconnection; meanwhile, the controller is used for carrying out Ethernet communication with the network interface chip, receiving control instructions and parameters sent by the PC and sending the obtained data; the device is used for generating a digital transmitting signal, receiving an output signal of the detection and shaping module and calculating a distance measurement value; generating a control signal of ADC Danyu, and collecting an echo signal through ADC; generating a control signal of a main control DDS unit, calculating parameters of a relevant register, and outputting a waveform signal of a designated parameter through the main control DDS unit; generating TVG data and control signals, and outputting gain control signals of the variable gain amplifier through the TVG unit; generating a control signal and a transmitting signal of a multi-channel acquisition system, and controlling a multi-channel data acquisition module to acquire a receiving signal;
the ADC unit is used for collecting echo signals;
the main control DDS unit is used for generating a transmitting signal;
the transmitting unit is used for driving the MOS tube to be switched on or switched off in a switch mode, and then the transformer boosts the voltage to drive the transducer to transmit;
the TVG unit comprises a DAC, a reference source and a signal isolation circuit; for generating a gain control signal that varies with distance;
the receiving unit comprises a pre-stage amplifier, a first-stage active band-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier and a second-stage active band-pass filter; amplifying and filtering the received echo waves;
the detection and shaping unit is used for envelope detection of the conditioned signal, shaping the detected signal through a Schmidt shaper, and outputting the signal to the FPGA through photoelectric isolation;
the main control LED display unit comprises an experiment state indicator light, a power state indicator light, a communication state indicator light and an experiment project indicator light; indicating power status, network status and ongoing experiments.
The invention also provides a beam forming experimental method, which comprises the following steps:
inputting a digital transmitting signal to a transmitting unit, amplifying the received digital transmitting signal by the transmitting unit, and then driving an energy converter to generate transmitting sound waves;
inputting the echo signals amplified and filtered by the receiver into an AD acquisition unit;
placing the experimental target in front of the transducer array (within ± 20 degrees);
detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal; if the system is normal, setting system parameters;
utilizing a display control and processing system to carry out signal transmission and data acquisition of multi-channel received signals, and carrying out beam forming processing on the acquired data; simultaneously displaying the acquired original signals and the result after the beam forming processing; the beamforming process comprises:
when the electric signal is transmitted, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal by using an ultrasonic array;
when receiving ultrasonic signals, the ultrasonic array is used for converting the multi-channel ultrasonic signals into multi-channel electric signals.
In the invention, after the beam forming processing, the display control and processing system displays the imaging result; and simultaneously measuring the distance and the position of the displayed target, comparing the error with the actual position, and recording related data.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 9, the beamforming experimental method provided in the embodiment of the present invention further includes the following steps:
s101, connecting a digital transmitting signal output by a main control FPGA unit of the experimental box body with a digital transmitting signal of a transmitting unit, inputting a signal generated by the main control FPGA unit into the transmitting unit, and driving a transducer after the signal is amplified by the function of the transmitting unit to generate a transmitting sound wave;
s102, connecting the output signal of the receiver with an AD acquisition signal, inputting the amplified and filtered received echo signal to an AD acquisition unit, and placing the experimental target in front of the ultrasonic array (within +/-20 degrees);
s103, switching on a power supply of the experimental box body, and detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal; if the system is normal, setting system parameters;
s104, the display control and processing system transmits signals, acquires and displays data of multi-channel ultrasonic waves and displays the progress of data acquisition;
s105, when the data acquisition progress reaches 100%, the display control and processing system controls the motor to automatically stop signal emission and data acquisition; processing the acquired data by signals;
s106, when the processing is finished, the display control and processing system displays the imaging result; and simultaneously measuring the distance and the position of the displayed target, comparing the error with the actual position, and recording related data.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example (b):
the experimental system of the beam forming principle consists of a display control and processing unit, an experimental box body and an ultrasonic array. The system structure block diagram is shown in fig. 1.
Display control and processing unit
The display control and processing unit is the core of the experiment system, completes parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and signal processing, finally completes the display of experiment waveforms and data, and realizes man-machine conversation. And displaying the original echo and the beam forming result on a display control and processing unit interface.
When the 'start playing' button is clicked, the experimental system starts to transmit signals to a target, simultaneously starts to record echo signals, and the display control and processing unit interface displays the progress of data recording. After the recording progress reaches 100%, the experimental system stops data recording and stops signal transmission.
When the 'pause play' button is clicked, the data recording is paused.
And when clicking 'data processing' or clicking a right mouse button on a beam forming image interface, performing beam forming processing on the recorded data, and displaying an imaging result to a beam forming image window on the right side of the interface.
When the 'data measurement' button is clicked, the target position in the imaging result can be measured.
(II) experimental box
A core main control unit and a driver are installed in the experiment box body and are divided into a main control experiment area and an autonomous experiment area. In the main control experiment area, a student can set parameters, control instructions, collect data and display experiment waveforms and data through display control software; in the autonomous experiment area, students can program autonomously to complete autonomous experiments. The structural block diagram of the core main control unit is shown in fig. 3, wherein the gray area is a related module of the student autonomous experimental area, and the others are main control experimental area modules.
The main control experimental area comprises an FPGA module, an ADC module, a DDS module, a TVG module, a receiving module, an emitting module, a detection shaping module, an LED display module and the like, and dotted signals need to be manually connected by a student. The student independent experiment area is composed of a student area FPGA module, a DDS module 1, a DDS module 2, a nixie tube display module and an LED display module.
1. Main control FPGA module
The pins which are open to the outside in the main control FPGA module mainly comprise a system clock, a transmission gate control, a collection clock and a digital transmission signal. Emission gating, acquisition gating, an acquisition clock and a digital emission signal are generated by the FPGA and are driven by a driving chip. Meanwhile, the main control FPGA module leads the emission gating signal out to the FPGA module of the student independent experimental area to realize signal interconnection between the two modules.
The main control FPGA module mainly completes the following functions:
(1) the Ethernet communication function is completed with the network interface chip, the control instruction and the parameters sent by the PC are received, and the obtained data are sent;
(2) generating a digital transmit signal;
(3) receiving the output signal of the detection and shaping module, and calculating a distance measurement value;
(4) generating a control signal of the ADC module, and collecting an echo signal through the ADC module;
(5) generating a control signal of the DDS module, calculating parameters of a relevant register, and outputting a waveform signal of the specified parameters through the DDS module;
(6) generating TVG data and control signals, and outputting gain control signals of the variable gain amplifier through the TVG module;
(7) and generating a control signal and a transmitting signal of the multi-channel acquisition system, and controlling the multi-channel data acquisition module to acquire an ultrasonic array receiving signal.
2. ADC module
The ADC module is controlled by the main control FPGA module to complete the acquisition of echo signals, and the functional block diagram is shown in FIG. 4:
3. DDS module
The DDS module is controlled by the main control FPGA module to generate a transmitting signal. The connection relationship between the DDS module and the main control FPGA is as shown in fig. 5:
4. transmitting module
The transmitting module adopts a switch form to drive the MOS tube to be switched on or switched off, and then the transformer boosts the voltage to drive the energy converter to transmit.
5. TVG module
The TVG module is used for generating a gain control signal which changes along with the distance. The TVG module consists of a DAC, a reference source and a signal isolation circuit. The main control FPGA module generates TVG control data according to the TVG parameters, controls the DAC to generate gain control voltage, and outputs the gain control voltage to the variable gain amplifier in the receiving module through the signal isolation circuit to realize TVG control. The structural block diagram of the TVG module is shown in fig. 6.
6. Receiving module
The receiving module completes the tasks of amplifying and filtering the received echo. The receiving module mainly comprises four parts: the amplifier comprises a pre-amplifier, a first-stage active band-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier and a second-stage active band-pass filter. The connection relationship of the receiving module is shown in fig. 7.
7. Detection shaping module
The detection shaping module is used for envelope detection of the conditioned signal, then shaping the detected signal through a Schmidt shaper, and then outputting the signal to the FPGA through photoelectric isolation. The schematic block diagram is shown in fig. 8.
The detection circuit carries out envelope detection on the conditioned analog signal and carries out amplitude amplification on the detected signal. And after the detection output signal passes through the Schmidt shaper, the high-speed optical coupler is driven to complete photoelectric isolation, and envelope information is output to the main control FPGA module. The optical coupler is used for isolating an analog ground from a digital ground, and interference of a digital signal to an analog part is reduced. Because the student independent experiment area FPGA also needs the envelope signal, the optical coupler outputs a signal to the main control FPGA and the student area FPGA.
8. LED display module
The LED display module in main control experiment district is used for instructing power state, network state and the experiment that is going on at present, and experiment status indicator lamp, it contains power state indicator lamp, communication status indicator lamp and experiment project pilot lamp.
When the power supply of the experimental box is normal, the power supply state indicating lamp is normally on.
When the computer host is exchanging data with the experimental box normally through the network, the communication state indicator light is in a breathing state, otherwise, the indicator light is in a long-off state.
When the computer host carries out relevant configuration and starts the experiment through the network, the corresponding experiment project indicator light carries out periodical on-off indication.
(III) ultrasonic array
The experimental system takes ultrasonic waves as a medium, and the ultrasonic array completes electroacoustic conversion. When transmitting, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal; upon reception, the multi-channel ultrasonic signal is converted into a multi-channel electrical signal.
The experimental steps of the beam forming principle are as follows:
(1) connecting a digital transmitting signal output by the main control FPGA with a digital transmitting signal of a transmitting module, inputting a signal generated by the FPGA into the transmitting module, amplifying the signal by the function of the transmitting module, and driving an energy converter to generate a transmitting sound wave; connecting the receiver output signal with an AD acquisition signal, and inputting the amplified and filtered received echo signal to an AD acquisition module;
(2) the experimental target was placed in front of the ultrasound array (within ± 20 degrees).
(3) And (4) turning on a power supply of the experiment box (the power switch is positioned at the rear part of the experiment box), detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal or not, and if the power supply is normal, normally turning on a power indicator lamp.
(4) Starting system control software and selecting a beam forming principle experiment;
(5) system parameters are set (possibly as default parameters) and "connect services" are clicked in sequence.
(6) Clicking 'start playing', starting data acquisition of the multi-channel ultrasonic signals at the moment, displaying the progress of the data acquisition on a left side interface, and automatically stopping signal transmission and data acquisition when the progress of the data acquisition reaches 100%;
(7) and when the acquisition is finished, clicking 'data processing' to start the beam forming processing, and after the processing is finished, displaying the imaging result on a right-side interface.
(8) And clicking 'data measurement', measuring the distance and the position of the displayed target, comparing the error with the actual position, and recording related data.
After the steps are completed, the generated target imaging result can reflect the actual situation more truly compared with the existing simulation imaging result, and the theoretical guidance and practice ability of students can be developed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A beamforming experiment method, the beamforming experiment method comprising:
utilizing a display control and processing system to carry out signal transmission and data acquisition of multi-channel received signals, and carrying out beam forming processing on the acquired data; simultaneously displaying the acquired original signals and the result after the beam forming processing; the beamforming process comprises:
when the electric signal is transmitted, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal by using an ultrasonic array;
when receiving ultrasonic signals, the ultrasonic array is used for converting the multi-channel ultrasonic signals into multi-channel electric signals.
2. The experimental beamforming method according to claim 1, wherein before the signal transmission and the data acquisition of the multi-channel received signals by the display control and processing system, the following steps are performed:
inputting a digital transmitting signal to a transmitting unit, amplifying the received digital transmitting signal by the transmitting unit, and then driving an energy converter to generate transmitting sound waves;
inputting the echo signals amplified and filtered by the receiver into an AD acquisition unit;
placing an experimental target in front of a transducer array;
detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal; and if the system is normal, setting system parameters.
3. The experimental method for beam forming as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the beam forming process, the display control and processing system displays the imaging result; and simultaneously measuring the distance and the position of the displayed target, comparing the error with the actual position, and recording related data.
4. A beamforming experiment system, the beamforming experiment system comprising:
the display control and processing system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition, signal processing and experimental waveform and data display; simultaneously, the system is used for human-computer interaction;
the experiment box body comprises a main control experiment module and an autonomous experiment module; the system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and autonomous experiment;
an ultrasonic array for electro-acoustic conversion; when the electric signal is transmitted, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal; when receiving wave signals, the multi-channel ultrasonic signals are converted into multi-channel electric signals.
5. The beamforming experimental system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the display control and processing system comprises:
the signal emission control module is used for carrying out signal emission control;
the signal recording control module is used for controlling the recording of the echo signals;
the data processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the recorded data;
the display module is used for displaying the original acquisition signals of all the channels and the results after signal processing;
and the data measurement module is used for measuring the target position in the imaging result.
6. The beamforming experimental system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the experimental box comprises:
the main control experiment module comprises a main control FPGA unit, an ADC unit, a main control DDS unit, a TVG unit, a receiving unit, an emitting unit, a detection and shaping unit and a main control LED display unit; the device is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and experimental waveform and data display by utilizing display control software.
7. The beamforming experimental system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the main control FPGA unit comprises:
the main control FPGA unit is used for generating emission gating, acquisition gating, an acquisition clock and a digital emission signal; the system is used for leading out the emission gating signal to an FPGA unit of the student autonomous experiment module for signal interconnection; meanwhile, the system is used for carrying out Ethernet communication with the network interface chip, receiving control instructions and parameters sent by the PC and sending the obtained data; the device is used for generating a digital transmitting signal, receiving an output signal of the detection and shaping module and calculating a distance measurement value; generating a control signal of the ADC, and collecting an echo signal through the ADC; generating a control signal of a main control DDS unit, calculating parameters of a relevant register, and outputting a waveform signal of a designated parameter through the main control DDS unit; generating TVG data and control signals, and outputting gain control signals of the variable gain amplifier through the TVG unit; and generating a control signal and a transmitting signal of the multi-channel acquisition system, and controlling the multi-channel data acquisition module to acquire a receiving signal.
8. The beamforming experiment system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the master experiment module comprises:
the ADC unit is used for collecting echo signals;
the main control DDS unit is used for generating a transmitting signal;
the transmitting unit is used for driving the MOS tube to be switched on or switched off in a switch mode, and then the transformer boosts the voltage to drive the transducer to transmit;
the TVG unit comprises a DAC, a reference source and a signal isolation circuit; for generating a gain control signal that varies with distance;
the receiving unit comprises a pre-stage amplifier, a first-stage active band-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier and a second-stage active band-pass filter; amplifying and filtering the received echo waves;
the detection and shaping unit is used for envelope detection of the conditioned signal, shaping the detected signal through a Schmidt shaper, and outputting the signal to the FPGA through photoelectric isolation;
the main control LED display unit comprises an experiment state indicator light, a power state indicator light, a communication state indicator light and an experiment project indicator light; indicating power status, network status and ongoing experiments.
9. The beamforming experimental system as recited in claim 4, wherein the experimental box further comprises:
the autonomous experimental module comprises an FPGA unit, a DDS unit 1, a DDS unit 2, a nixie tube display unit and an LED display unit; for performing autonomous programming and autonomous experiments.
10. A high resolution detection device, wherein the high resolution detection device is used for implementing the beamforming experimental method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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