CN112164287A - Moving target display principle experiment system, experiment method and moving target display equipment - Google Patents
Moving target display principle experiment system, experiment method and moving target display equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of experimental simulation, and discloses a moving target display principle experimental system, an experimental method and moving target display equipment, wherein a display control and processing system of the system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition, signal processing and experimental waveform and data display; the experimental box body is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and autonomous experiment; the transducer unit performs electro-acoustic conversion, converts an electric signal into an acoustic signal during transmission, and converts the acoustic signal into an electric signal during reception; the rotating motor drives the transducer to perform sector scanning; the target track drives the target to move, and the moving target is simulated. The invention can develop 3 module-level verification experiments such as system clock design, transceiving conversion, time gain control and the like and 5 independent innovation experiments such as pulse ranging, DDS, quadrature demodulation, pulse compression, moving target display and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of experiments, and particularly relates to a moving target display principle experiment system, an experiment method and moving target display equipment.
Background
At present, moving target display is a detection technology and is widely applied to the fields of economic society and military information. In the course teaching of electronic information major in colleges and universities, the moving target display principle becomes the teaching content of the core foundation of the detection principle course. The teaching aid has the advantages of abstract theoretical system, numerous and complicated technical elements, and strong professionality and academia, and for a long time, the matched experiments of the part of teaching contents mostly adopt a virtual simulation mode, so that the physical experiment means is limited, and the improvement of the teaching effect is seriously influenced.
If the existing moving target display is moved to a laboratory, the large-scale experimental site is expensive in manufacturing cost, and the moving target display equipment is expensive. Therefore, the existing moving target display equipment is difficult to move to a laboratory for experiment and has higher cost.
The invention simplifies the design of the complex moving target display equipment, not only can reflect the principle of moving target display, but also greatly reduces the cost and the use site condition.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a moving target display principle experiment system, an experiment method and moving target display equipment.
The invention is realized in this way, a moving target display principle experimental system, which includes:
the system comprises a display control and processing system, an experiment box body, a transducer unit, a rotating motor and a target track;
the display control and processing system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition, signal processing and experimental waveform and data display; simultaneously, the system is used for human-computer interaction;
the experiment box body comprises a main control experiment module and an autonomous experiment module; the system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and autonomous experiment;
a transducer unit for performing electro-acoustic conversion; when transmitting, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal; converting the ultrasonic signal into an electric signal during receiving;
the rotating motor drives the transducer to perform sector scanning;
and the target track drives the target to move and simulates the moving target.
Further, the display control and processing system comprises:
the signal emission control module is used for carrying out signal emission control;
the signal recording control module is used for controlling the recording of the echo signals;
the data processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the recorded data;
and the display module is used for displaying the acquired original data and the processed result.
Further, the experiment box includes:
the main control experiment module comprises a main control FPGA unit, an ADC unit, a main control DDS unit, a TVG unit, a receiving unit, an emitting unit, a detection and shaping unit and a main control LED display unit; the device is used for setting parameters, controlling instructions, acquiring data and displaying experimental waveforms and data by using display control software;
the autonomous experimental module comprises an FPGA unit, a DDS unit 1, a DDS unit 2, a nixie tube display unit and an LED display unit; for performing autonomous programming and autonomous experiments.
Further, the main control experiment module comprises:
the main control FPGA unit is used for generating emission gating, acquisition gating, an acquisition clock and a digital emission signal; the system is used for leading out the emission gating signal to an FPGA unit of the student autonomous experiment module for signal interconnection; meanwhile, the system is used for carrying out Ethernet communication with the network interface chip, receiving control instructions and parameters sent by the PC and sending the obtained data; the device is used for generating a digital transmitting signal, receiving an output signal of the detection and shaping module and calculating a distance measurement value; generating a control signal of the ADC, and intending to collect an echo signal through the ADC; generating a control signal of a main control DDS unit, calculating parameters of a relevant register, and outputting a waveform signal of a designated parameter through the main control DDS unit; generating TVG data and control signals, and outputting gain control signals of the variable gain amplifier through the TVG unit; generating control signals of the track motor and the rotating motor to control the track motor and the rotating motor to move;
the ADC unit is used for collecting echo signals;
the main control DDS unit is used for generating a transmitting signal;
the transmitting unit is used for driving the MOS tube to be switched on or switched off in a switch mode, and then the transformer boosts the voltage to drive the transducer to transmit;
the TVG unit comprises a DAC, a reference source and a signal isolation circuit; for generating a gain control signal that varies with distance;
the receiving unit comprises a pre-stage amplifier, a first-stage active band-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier and a second-stage active band-pass filter; for amplifying and filtering the received echoes;
the detection and shaping unit is used for envelope detection of the conditioned signal, shaping the detected signal through a Schmidt shaper, and outputting the signal to the FPGA through photoelectric isolation;
the main control LED display unit comprises an experiment state indicator light, a power state indicator light, a communication state indicator light and an experiment project indicator light; indicating power status, network status and ongoing experiments.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a moving target display experiment method applied to the moving target display principle experiment system, the moving target display experiment method including:
inputting a digital transmitting signal to a transmitting unit, amplifying the received digital transmitting signal by the transmitting unit, and then driving an energy converter to generate transmitting sound waves;
inputting the echo signals amplified and filtered by the receiver into an AD acquisition unit;
placing one target on the track and another target beside the track with the targets directly in front of the transducers;
detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal; if the system is normal, setting system parameters;
a moving motor for adjusting the target to move towards the other end at one end of the track; the display control and processing system is used for carrying out signal transmission and data acquisition of received echo signals;
and (3) carrying out signal processing corresponding to the experimental content while acquiring the data, and displaying the acquired original data and the processing result.
And after the processing is finished, the display control and processing system displays the result.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a moving target display device, which is used for implementing the moving target display experiment control method.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention simplifies and designs the complex and huge equipment system for displaying the moving target, reserves the theoretical system, highlights the basic principle and the core technology, has complete elements, is open and autonomous, and builds a bridge between abstract and obscure theoretical knowledge and intuitive and experienceable physical phenomena by taking ultrasonic waves as a signal carrier. 3 module-level verification experiments such as system clock design, transceiving conversion, time gain control and the like can be developed, a micro system can be formed by flexible interconnection among modules, 5 independent innovative experiments such as pulse ranging, DDS, quadrature demodulation, pulse compression, moving target display and the like can be developed, and the full coverage of knowledge points and key technologies of course theory teaching main bodies is realized.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the radar/sonar signal transmitting simulation device has a radar/sonar signal transmitting simulation function. Various signals typical of coherent electronic detection systems may be generated. And the transmitting module is used for amplifying power and driving the transducer to transmit.
(2) The radar/sonar signal receiving simulation function is provided. And performing signal conditioning on the signals received by the transducer by utilizing the TVG module and the receiving module. The device has a function of detecting, shaping and outputting a received echo signal. And the ADC module acquires the conditioned received signal and transmits the conditioned received signal to the display control and processing unit.
(3) The radar/sonar simulation system has a radar/sonar signal processing function. The display control and processing unit can simulate typical signal processing algorithms of radar/sonar such as orthogonal demodulation, pulse compression, moving target display imaging and the like.
(4) The radar/sonar display control function is achieved. The display control and processing unit can simulate the functions of signal parameter setting, system control, original echo display, processing result display and the like of the radar/sonar.
(5) The device has the function of simulating the motion of the target. The core main control unit drives the target to move by controlling the track through the driver.
(6) The method has an open autonomous programming practical function. The student can independently develop the FPGA of the student area by VHDL programming and design to realize digital pulse ranging; and the MATLAB programming can be used for processing experimental data to complete DDS, orthogonal demodulation, pulse compression, moving target display and other processing.
Compared with a moving target display simulation experiment, the method can not only enable students to know the basic structures and the implementation modes of the sonar receiver, the transmitter, the display control system and the signal processing system, but also enable the students to master the basic principle of moving target display and the common means of electronic detection principle.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental system based on the moving target display principle provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental system based on the principle of moving object display provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a display control and processing system; 2. an experiment box body; 3. a transducer unit; 4. a rotating electric machine; 5. a target track.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a core master control unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between an ADC module and a main control FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between a DDS module and a main control FPGA according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a TVG module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a detection shaping module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a moving object display experiment control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a moving target display principle experiment system, an experiment method and moving target display equipment, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the moving object display principle experiment system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the system comprises a display control and processing system 1, an experiment box body 2, a transducer unit 3, a rotating motor 4 and a target track 5;
the display control and processing system 1 is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition, signal processing and experimental waveform and data display; simultaneously, the system is used for human-computer interaction;
the experiment box body 2 comprises a main control experiment module and an autonomous experiment module; the system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and autonomous experiment;
a transducer unit 3 for performing electro-acoustic conversion using ultrasonic waves as a medium; when transmitting, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal; converting the ultrasonic signal into an electric signal when receiving;
and the target track 4 is used for dragging a target to move and simulating a moving target.
The display control and processing system 1 provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the signal emission control module is used for carrying out signal emission control;
the signal recording control module is used for controlling the recording of the echo signals;
the data processing module is used for carrying out signal processing on the recorded data;
the display module is used for displaying the acquired original data and the processed result;
and the data measurement module is used for measuring the target position.
The experimental box body 2 provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the main control experiment module comprises a main control FPGA unit, an ADC unit, a main control DDS unit, a TVG unit, a receiving unit, an emitting unit, a detection and shaping unit and a main control LED display unit; the device is used for setting parameters, controlling instructions, acquiring data and displaying experimental waveforms and data by using display control software;
the autonomous experimental module comprises an FPGA unit, a DDS unit 1, a DDS unit 2, a nixie tube display unit and an LED display unit; for performing autonomous programming and autonomous experiments.
As shown in fig. 3 to 8, the main control experiment module provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes:
the main control FPGA unit is used for generating emission gating, acquisition gating, an acquisition clock and a digital emission signal; the system is used for leading out the emission gating signal to an FPGA unit of the student autonomous experiment module for signal interconnection; meanwhile, the controller is used for carrying out Ethernet communication with the network interface chip, receiving control instructions and parameters sent by the PC and sending the obtained data; the device is used for generating a digital transmitting signal, receiving an output signal of the detection and shaping module and calculating a distance measurement value; generating a control signal of ADC Danyu, and collecting an echo signal through ADC; generating a control signal of a main control DDS unit, calculating parameters of a relevant register, and outputting a waveform signal of a designated parameter through the main control DDS unit; generating TVG data and control signals, and outputting gain control signals of the variable gain amplifier through the TVG unit; generating control signals of the track motor and the rotating motor to control the track motor and the rotating motor to move;
the ADC unit is used for collecting echo signals;
the main control DDS unit is used for generating a transmitting signal;
the transmitting unit is used for driving the MOS tube to be switched on or switched off in a switch mode, and then the transformer boosts the voltage to drive the transducer to transmit;
the TVG unit comprises a DAC, a reference source and a signal isolation circuit; for generating a gain control signal that varies with distance;
the receiving unit comprises a pre-stage amplifier, a first-stage active band-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier and a second-stage active band-pass filter; amplifying and filtering the received echo waves;
the detection and shaping unit is used for envelope detection of the conditioned signal, shaping the detected signal through a Schmidt shaper, and outputting the signal to the FPGA through photoelectric isolation;
the main control LED display unit comprises an experiment state indicator light, a power state indicator light, a communication state indicator light and an experiment project indicator light; indicating power status, network status and ongoing experiments.
The moving target display experiment method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
inputting a digital transmitting signal to a transmitting unit, amplifying the received digital transmitting signal by the transmitting unit, and then driving an energy converter to generate transmitting sound waves;
inputting the echo signals amplified and filtered by the receiver into an AD acquisition unit;
placing one target on the track and another target beside the track with the targets directly in front of the transducers;
detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal; if the system is normal, setting system parameters;
a moving motor for adjusting the target to move towards the other end at one end of the track; the display control and processing system is used for carrying out signal transmission and data acquisition of received echo signals;
and (3) carrying out signal processing corresponding to the experimental content while acquiring the data, and displaying the acquired original data and the processing result.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 9, the moving object display experimental method provided in the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101, connecting a digital transmitting signal output by a main control FPGA unit of the experimental box body with a digital transmitting signal of a transmitting unit, inputting a signal generated by the main control FPGA unit into the transmitting unit, and driving a transducer after the signal is amplified by the function of the transmitting unit to generate a transmitting sound wave;
s102, connecting the output signal of the receiver with an AD acquisition signal, inputting the amplified and filtered received echo signal into an AD acquisition unit, placing one target on a track, placing the other target beside the track, and enabling the target to be positioned right in front of a transducer;
s103, switching on a power supply of the experimental box body, and detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal; if the system is normal, setting system parameters;
s104, driving the transducer to perform sector scanning by the rotating motor; the target track drives one end of the track to move towards the other end; the display control and processing system is used for carrying out signal emission and data acquisition of moving target display, and simultaneously displaying the progress of data acquisition;
s105, when the data acquisition progress reaches 100%, the display control and processing system controls the motor to automatically stop signal emission and data acquisition; carrying out moving target display processing on the acquired data;
and S106, after the processing is finished, the display control and processing system displays the imaging result.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the moving target display principle experiment system is composed of a display control and processing unit, an experiment box body, an energy converter unit, a rotating motor and a target track. The system structure block diagram is shown in fig. 1.
Display control and processing unit
The display control and processing unit is the core of the experiment system, completes parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and signal processing, finally completes the display of experiment waveforms and data, and realizes man-machine conversation. The display control and processing unit interface is divided into a left part and a right part, the left half part is an original echo display window, and the right side is a moving target display result display window.
When a 'start playing' button is clicked, the experimental system starts to transmit signals to a target, simultaneously starts to record echo signals, and displays the progress of data recording in an original image window. And after the recording progress reaches 100%, the experimental system stops data recording, and simultaneously stops signal transmission and the motion of the track motor.
When the 'pause play' button is clicked, the data recording is paused.
And when clicking data processing or clicking a right mouse button on a moving target display image interface, performing moving target display processing on the recorded data, and displaying an imaging result to a moving target display image window on the right side of the interface.
When the 'data measurement' button is clicked, the target position in the imaging result can be measured.
(II) experimental box
A core main control unit and a driver are installed in the experiment box body and are divided into a main control experiment area and an autonomous experiment area. In the main control experiment area, a student can set parameters, control instructions, collect data and display experiment waveforms and data through display control software; in the autonomous experiment area, students can program autonomously to complete autonomous experiments. The structural block diagram of the core main control unit is shown in fig. 3, wherein the gray area is a related module of the student autonomous experimental area, and the others are main control experimental area modules.
The main control experimental area comprises an FPGA module, an ADC module, a DDS module, a TVG module, a receiving module, an emitting module, a detection shaping module, an LED display module and the like, and dotted signals need to be manually connected by a student. The student independent experiment area is composed of a student area FPGA module, a DDS module 1, a DDS module 2, a nixie tube display module and an LED display module.
1. Main control FPGA module
The pins which are open to the outside in the main control FPGA module mainly comprise a system clock, a transmission gate control, a collection clock and a digital transmission signal. Emission gating, acquisition gating, an acquisition clock and a digital emission signal are generated by the FPGA and are driven by a driving chip. Meanwhile, the main control FPGA module leads the emission gating signal out to the FPGA module of the student independent experimental area to realize signal interconnection between the two modules.
The main control FPGA module mainly completes the following functions:
(1) the Ethernet communication function is completed with the network interface chip, the control instruction and the parameters sent by the PC are received, and the obtained data are sent;
(2) generating a digital transmit signal;
(3) receiving the output signal of the detection and shaping module, and calculating a distance measurement value;
(4) generating a control signal of the ADC module, and collecting an echo signal through the ADC module;
(5) generating a control signal of the DDS module, calculating parameters of a relevant register, and outputting a waveform signal of the specified parameters through the DDS module;
(6) generating TVG data and control signals, and outputting gain control signals of the variable gain amplifier through the TVG module;
(7) generating control signals of the track motor and the rotating motor to control the track motor and the rotating motor to move;
2. ADC module
The ADC module is controlled by the main control FPGA module to complete the acquisition of echo signals, and the functional block diagram is shown in FIG. 4:
3. DDS module
The DDS module is controlled by the main control FPGA module to generate a transmitting signal. The connection relationship between the DDS module and the main control FPGA is as shown in fig. 5:
4. transmitting module
The transmitting module adopts a switch form to drive the MOS tube to be switched on or switched off, and then the transformer boosts the voltage to drive the energy converter to transmit.
5. TVG module
The TVG module is used for generating a gain control signal which changes along with the distance. The TVG module consists of a DAC, a reference source and a signal isolation circuit. The main control FPGA module generates TVG control data according to the TVG parameters, controls the DAC to generate gain control voltage, and outputs the gain control voltage to the variable gain amplifier in the receiving module through the signal isolation circuit to realize TVG control. The structural block diagram of the TVG module is shown in fig. 6.
6. Receiving module
The receiving module completes the tasks of amplifying and filtering the received echo. The receiving module mainly comprises four parts: the amplifier comprises a pre-amplifier, a first-stage active band-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier and a second-stage active band-pass filter. The connection relationship of the receiving module is shown in fig. 7.
7. Detection shaping module
The detection shaping module is used for envelope detection of the conditioned signal, then shaping the detected signal through a Schmidt shaper, and then outputting the signal to the FPGA through photoelectric isolation. The schematic block diagram is shown in fig. 8.
The detection circuit carries out envelope detection on the conditioned analog signal and carries out amplitude amplification on the detected signal. And after the detection output signal passes through the Schmidt shaper, the high-speed optical coupler is driven to complete photoelectric isolation, and envelope information is output to the main control FPGA module. The optical coupler is used for isolating an analog ground from a digital ground, and interference of a digital signal to an analog part is reduced. Because the student independent experiment area FPGA also needs the envelope signal, the optical coupler outputs a signal to the main control FPGA and the student area FPGA.
8. LED display module
The LED display module in main control experiment district is used for instructing power state, network state and the experiment that is going on at present, and experiment status indicator lamp, it contains power state indicator lamp, communication status indicator lamp and experiment project pilot lamp.
When the power supply of the experimental box is normal, the power supply state indicating lamp is normally on.
When the computer host is exchanging data with the experimental box normally through the network, the communication state indicator light is in a breathing state, otherwise, the indicator light is in a long-off state.
When the computer host carries out relevant configuration and starts the experiment through the network, the corresponding experiment project indicator light carries out periodical on-off indication.
(III) rotating electric machine
The rotating motor drives the transducer to do sector scanning.
(IV) transducer Unit
The experimental system takes ultrasonic waves as a medium, and the transducer unit completes electroacoustic conversion. When transmitting, the transducer unit converts the electric signal into an ultrasonic signal; upon reception, the transducer unit converts the ultrasonic signal into an electrical signal.
(V) target orbit
The target track pulls the target to move, and the moving target is simulated.
The moving target display principle comprises the following experimental steps:
(1) connecting a digital transmitting signal output by the main control FPGA with a digital transmitting signal of a transmitting module, inputting a signal generated by the FPGA into the transmitting module, amplifying the signal by the function of the transmitting module, and driving an energy converter to generate a transmitting sound wave; connecting the receiver output signal with an AD acquisition signal, and inputting the amplified and filtered received echo signal to an AD acquisition module;
(2) one object is placed on the rail and the other object is placed beside the rail with the objects directly in front of the transducers.
(3) And (4) turning on a power supply of the experiment box (the power switch is positioned at the rear part of the experiment box), detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal or not, and if the power supply is normal, normally turning on a power indicator lamp.
(4) Starting system control software, and selecting a 'moving target display principle experiment';
(5) system parameters are set (possibly as default parameters) and "connect services" are clicked in sequence.
(6) Clicking 'motor left movement' or 'motor right movement', when the adjustment target moves towards the other end at one end of the track, clicking 'start playing', starting data acquisition displayed by the moving target at the moment, simultaneously displaying the data acquisition progress on a left side interface, when the data acquisition progress reaches 100%, automatically stopping the motor, and simultaneously automatically stopping signal transmission and data acquisition;
(7) and when the acquisition is finished, clicking 'data processing' to start moving target display processing, and when the processing is finished, displaying an imaging result on a right-side interface.
After the steps are completed, the generated moving target display result can reflect the actual situation more truly compared with the existing simulation imaging result, and the theoretical guidance and practice ability of students can be developed.
The object diagram photos provided by the embodiment of the invention are shown in fig. 10-14.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A moving object display principle experiment system, characterized in that the moving object display principle experiment system comprises:
a transducer unit for electro-acoustic conversion; when transmitting, the electric signal is converted into an ultrasonic signal; converting the ultrasonic signal into an electric signal during receiving;
the rotating motor drives the transducer to perform sector scanning;
and the target track drives the target to move and simulates the moving target.
2. The moving object display principles experiment system according to claim 1, wherein the moving object display principles experiment system further comprises:
the display control and processing system is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition, signal processing and experimental waveform and data display; simultaneously, the system is used for human-computer interaction;
the experiment box body comprises a main control experiment module and an autonomous experiment module; the method is used for parameter setting, instruction control, data acquisition and autonomous experiment.
3. The moving object display principle experimental system according to claim 2, wherein the display control and processing system comprises:
the signal emission control module is used for carrying out signal emission control;
the signal recording control module is used for controlling the recording of the echo signals;
a data processing module for performing signal processing on the recorded data
The display module is used for displaying the acquired original data and the processed result;
and the data measurement module is used for measuring the target position.
4. The moving object display principle experiment system according to claim 2, wherein the experiment box includes:
the main control experiment module comprises a main control FPGA unit, an ADC unit, a main control DDS unit, a TVG unit, a receiving unit, an emitting unit, a detection and shaping unit and a main control LED display unit; the device is used for setting parameters, controlling instructions, acquiring data and displaying experimental waveforms and data by using display control software;
the autonomous experimental module comprises an FPGA unit, a DDS unit 1, a DDS unit 2, a nixie tube display unit and an LED display unit; for performing autonomous programming and autonomous experiments.
5. The moving object display principle experimental system according to claim 4, wherein the main control FPGA unit comprises:
the main control FPGA unit is used for generating emission gating, acquisition gating, an acquisition clock and a digital emission signal; the system is used for leading out the emission gating signal to an FPGA unit of the student autonomous experiment module for signal interconnection; and meanwhile, the system is used for carrying out Ethernet communication with the network interface chip, receiving control instructions and parameters sent by the PC and sending the obtained data.
6. The moving object display principle experimental system according to claim 5, wherein the main control FPGA unit comprises:
the device is also used for generating a digital transmitting signal, receiving an output signal of the detection and shaping module and calculating a distance measurement value; generating a control signal of the ADC, and collecting an echo signal through the ADC; generating a control signal of a main control DDS unit, calculating parameters of a relevant register, and outputting a waveform signal of a designated parameter through the main control DDS unit; generating TVG data and control signals, and outputting gain control signals of the variable gain amplifier through the TVG unit; and generating control signals of the track motor and the rotating motor to control the track motor and the rotating motor to move.
7. The moving object display principle experimental system according to claim 4, wherein the main control experimental module further comprises:
the ADC unit is used for collecting echo signals;
the main control DDS unit is used for generating a transmitting signal;
the transmitting unit is used for driving the MOS tube to be switched on or switched off in a switch mode, then the transformer boosts the voltage and drives the transducer to transmit ultrasonic signals;
the TVG unit comprises a DAC, a reference source and a signal isolation circuit; for generating a gain control signal that varies with distance;
the receiving unit comprises a pre-stage amplifier, a first-stage active band-pass filter, a variable gain amplifier and a second-stage active band-pass filter; for amplifying and filtering the received echoes;
the detection and shaping unit is used for envelope detection of the conditioned signal, shaping the detected signal through a Schmidt shaper, and outputting the signal to the FPGA through photoelectric isolation;
the main control LED display unit comprises an experiment state indicator light, a power state indicator light, a communication state indicator light and an experiment project indicator light; indicating power status, network status and ongoing experiments.
8. A moving target display experiment method applied to the moving target display principle experiment system according to claims 1 to 7, wherein the moving target display experiment method comprises the following steps:
inputting a digital transmitting signal to a transmitting unit, amplifying the received digital transmitting signal by the transmitting unit, and then driving an energy converter to generate transmitting sound waves;
inputting the echo signals amplified and filtered by the receiver into an AD acquisition unit;
placing one target on the track and another target beside the track with the targets directly in front of the transducers;
detecting whether the power supply of the system is normal; if the system is normal, setting system parameters;
a moving motor for adjusting the target to move towards the other end at one end of the track; the display control and processing system is used for carrying out signal transmission and data acquisition of received echo signals;
and (3) carrying out signal processing corresponding to the experimental content while acquiring the data, and displaying the acquired original data and the processing result.
9. The moving object display experimental method as claimed in claim 8, wherein when the processing is completed, the display control and processing system performs result display.
10. A moving target display device, which is used for realizing the moving target display experiment method of any one of claims 8 to 9.
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