CN112267873A - Single-fracture profile control and flooding visualization experiment device and method for simulating formation conditions - Google Patents
Single-fracture profile control and flooding visualization experiment device and method for simulating formation conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN112267873A CN112267873A CN202011004837.5A CN202011004837A CN112267873A CN 112267873 A CN112267873 A CN 112267873A CN 202011004837 A CN202011004837 A CN 202011004837A CN 112267873 A CN112267873 A CN 112267873A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The invention relates to a single-crack profile control and flooding visualization experiment device and method for simulating stratum conditions, and belongs to the technical field of oil extraction simulation experiments. The invention comprises a single-crack profile control visualization model, a displacement pump, a vacuum pump, a water delivery intermediate container, a gel delivery intermediate container, a liquid container and an image recording system, wherein a window is arranged on the single-crack profile control visualization model, and the image recording system is aligned with the window and is used for acquiring the migration process and distribution form of various fluids in the single-crack profile control visualization model, and the verification method comprises the following steps: gel injection performance evaluation experiments, multi-section plug gel crack plugging experiments, experimental study on water drive law after plugging and data processing. The invention has reasonable design, can simulate the gel flooding process under the stratum condition, has visual function, can test and record the migration form and the law of gel and water flooding in the multi-slug gel flooding process, and provides reliable theoretical basis for the fracture flooding research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a single-crack profile control and flooding visualization experiment device and method for simulating stratum conditions, and belongs to the technical field of oil extraction simulation experiments.
Background
For fractured tight reservoirs, volume fracturing has become an important means of production increase; because the volume fracturing fractures and the natural fractures of the compact oil reservoir are communicated to form a complex fracture network, the water channeling and flooding treatment also becomes the biggest problem in the water injection development of the oil reservoirs. Gel profile control is an important measure for treating water channeling and flooding of the fractured compact oil reservoir at present, so that the indoor simulation experiment research aiming at the gel profile control is particularly important. The single fracture is used as a basic unit of the fracture network channeling, the existing single-fracture gel displacement indoor experiment physical model cannot realize visualization while simulating a stratum pressure environment, the stratum pressure environment cannot be simulated under the visualization condition, namely, the simulated stratum condition and the visualization cannot be obtained at the same time, and particularly, a single-fracture displacement visualization experiment device and method for simulating the stratum condition are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the imperfection of an indoor single-crack profile control and flooding physical model in the prior art, the invention provides a single-crack profile control and flooding visualization experiment device and method for simulating a stratum condition, which can simulate a gel profile control and flooding process under the stratum condition, have a visualization function, can test and record the migration forms and the migration rules of gel and water flooding in a multi-slug gel displacement process, and provide a reliable theoretical basis for crack profile control and flooding research.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a single-fracture displacement visual experimental device for simulating stratum conditions comprises a single-fracture displacement visual model, a displacement pump, a vacuum pump, a water delivery intermediate container, a gel delivery intermediate container, a liquid container and an image recording system;
the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model is used for the migration process and the distribution form in the visualization crack model, the displacement pump is respectively connected with one end of the water conveying intermediate container and one end of the gel conveying intermediate container, the other ends of the water conveying intermediate container and the gel conveying intermediate container are both connected with an injection port of the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model through a six-way valve, an outlet of the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model is connected with the liquid container and is used for containing experimental liquid flowing out from an outlet end, a back-pressure pump and a liquid outlet control valve are arranged between the outlet of the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model and the liquid container, and the back-pressure pump is used for controlling the minimum pressure allowed to pass through the outlet end of the single-crack displacement and; the vacuum pump is connected with the six-way valve and is used for vacuumizing the crack of the single crack profile control and drive visualization model;
the single-fracture profile control and flooding visualization model is provided with a window, the image recording system is aligned to the window and is used for collecting the migration process and distribution form of various fluids in the single-fracture profile control and flooding visualization model, and the image recording system is a high-definition or microscopic image recording system such as a high-definition camera and the like.
The experimental device also comprises an external heating device which provides the temperature of the simulated formation for the experimental device and keeps the temperature.
Preferably, the single-crack profile control and flooding visualization model comprises a bottom plate with cracks, tempered glass and a cover plate with a window, wherein a groove area is arranged on the bottom plate, the groove area is grooved to form the cracks, quartz sand is filled in the cracks, sealing rings are arranged around the cracks, the size of the tempered glass is matched with that of the groove area and covers the upper parts of the groove area, the cover plate with the window covers the bottom plate and the tempered glass and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through bolts, the tempered glass covers the cracks of the bottom plate, and the cracks are sealed through the sealing rings; the quartz sand does not need to be additionally fixed, and the combination of the bottom plate, the toughened glass and the cover plate can fix the quartz sand through the bolt tightening;
the two ends of the back of the bottom plate are respectively drilled to serve as an injection port and an outlet of the single-crack profile control visual model, the injection port and the outlet are communicated with the cracks, and the back of the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of pressure measuring points through drilling.
Preferably, the pressure measurement points perform pressure measurement through pressure sensors equipped in a multi-channel pressure acquisition system, each pressure measurement point corresponds to one pressure acquisition channel and the pressure sensor connected with the pressure acquisition channel, and the pressure acquisition channels are communicated with the cracks through bottom plate drill holes.
The cracks on the bottom plate are formed by notching, the size of the cracks is 614 x 108, the unit mm is that the length of the cracks is 614mm, the width of the cracks is 108mm, the artificial cracks are integral notching, the integral notching is only a single crack without branches, the opening range of the cracks is 300-2000 mu m, and the opening range of the cracks is controlled by the notching depth of the bottom plate;
the bottom plate material is a pressure-resistant impermeable material, and the invention adopts stainless steel material as the bottom plate.
The two ends of the long shaft of the single-crack profile control visual model are mounted on the support frame through bearings, the single-crack profile control visual model can be fixed at any angle through rotation of the bearings, and the conditions of different single-crack inclination angles are simulated.
The single-fracture profile control visualization model has larger size, the pressure resistance can exceed 2MPa, and the displacement pressure gradient can reach more than 4MPa/m, so that the single-fracture profile control visualization model can be closer to the displacement pressure gradient of a simulation fluid in an oil reservoir, and the experimental result has higher referential property;
the single-crack profile control visualization model is large in size, and the migration characteristics of fluids such as multi-slug weak gel and injection water in a single crack can be conveniently recorded and observed; the pressure measurement results of a plurality of pressure measurement points are combined, the relation between the migration characteristics and the pressure distribution of fluids such as weak gel, injected water and the like in the fracture can be analyzed, and powerful evidence support is provided for weak gel multi-slug plugging and profile control and flooding mechanism research.
Preferably, the water contained in the water conveying intermediate container is configured simulated formation water; the gel in the gel infusion intermediate container is prepared new gel or prepared gel still in the gel forming induction period or medicament capable of forming gel by mixing.
Preferably, a water path control valve and a gel path control valve are respectively arranged on pipelines connected with the displacement pump, the water conveying intermediate container and the gel conveying intermediate container.
Preferably, a first pressure monitoring unit and a liquid inlet control valve are installed on a pipeline connecting the six-way valve and the single-crack profile control visualization model.
Preferably, the liquid container is marked with a scale for measuring the volume of liquid stored therein.
Preferably, the external heating device is an incubator, and the rest structures of the invention are positioned in the incubator except for a data processing and displaying part of the multichannel pressure acquisition system.
Preferably, a buffer container is arranged between the vacuum pump and the six-way valve.
An experiment method of the single fracture profile control and flooding visualization experiment device for simulating formation conditions comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a single-crack profile control visual experimental device is used for evaluating gel injection performance, and the process is as follows:
101. installing a single-crack profile control and flooding visualization model: selecting a crack bottom plate with a proper opening, filling quartz sand with matched particle size according to the sand filling density required by an experiment, simulating a complex internal structure of a single crack, checking the firmness of a sealing ring, pressing toughened glass on the sealing ring to form a crack with a fixed opening with the bottom plate, fixing a cover plate with a window with the bottom plate through a bolt, pressing the toughened glass, and ensuring the sealing performance of the crack;
102. detection by an experimental device: connecting experimental devices, checking the air tightness of each pipeline and each valve, whether each device operates normally or not, and whether water leaks or not;
103. preprocessing a single-crack profile control visualization model: according to a conventional water permeability testing method, vacuumizing a single fracture profile control and flooding visualization model, and saturating and simulating formation water; heating the single fracture profile control visualization model to the environmental temperature of the stratum to be simulated through an external heating device according to the environmental temperature condition of the stratum to be simulated; opening a water delivery intermediate container pipeline, and carrying out permeability test on a single-crack profile control and flooding visual model;
104. water permeability test: the water drive dynamic simulation experiment of the single-crack profile control visualization model is carried out by starting a water path control valve, closing a gel path control valve, adjusting a back pressure pump, setting certain outlet end pressure and starting a displacement pump to realize the purpose of conveying water from a water conveying intermediate container to the single-crack profile control visualization model; in the water drive process, a certain outlet end pressure is set, a water drive speed is set, the first pressure monitoring unit continuously monitors and records the inlet pressure of the single-crack displacement visualization model in real time, when the pressure value monitored by the first pressure monitoring unit is kept stable (the pressure change range is considered to be stable within +/-2%), the water drive dynamic simulation experiment is finished, the water detection permeability of the crack can be calculated, the experiment process is repeated by changing the water drive speed to ensure the accuracy of the water detection permeability result, the water drive permeability of the single-crack displacement visualization model under different water drive speed conditions is obtained, and the mathematical average is taken as the single water drive permeability of the single-crack displacement visualization model under the experiment conditions;
105. injection experiment of weak gel in fracture: adjusting a certain outlet end pressure of a back pressure pump, closing a waterway control valve, opening a gel path control valve and starting a displacement pump to realize the purpose of conveying the gel to the single-fracture profile control visualization model through a gel conveying intermediate container, and performing a gel injection experiment of the gel on the single-fracture profile control visualization model of saturated simulated formation water; recording related parameters and image data in the gel injection process, wherein the related parameters comprise gel injection speed and a stable value of crack model inlet pressure, and the image data refer to migration and distribution forms of gel in a visual crack model; after finishing a group of gel injection experiments, closing the displacement pump and the gel path control valve, and washing the gel in the pipeline and the crack model for later use; repeating the above experiment process by changing the gel properties, wherein the gel properties comprise gel viscosity, gel injection speed, gel injection volume and gel formation time;
step two: the evaluation experiment of the gel multi-section plug injection on the single crack plugging performance comprises the following steps:
201. detection by an experimental device: detecting the integrity and the tightness of the equipment according to the step 101;
202. preprocessing a single-crack profile control visualization model: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out dyeing treatment on formation water in a water conveying intermediate container and a gel solution in a gel conveying intermediate container, wherein the dyeing agent is required not to influence the properties of the two liquids, particularly not to influence the properties of the gel; placing the whole experimental device in a constant temperature box, simulating the temperature of the stratum for heat preservation, and saturating the fracture with the stratum water according to the step 102;
203. water permeability test: completing the test of the permeability of the crack model according to the step 104;
204. plugging experiment of weak gel in crack: the gel injection experiment of the single fracture profile control visual model of the saturated simulated formation water is realized by closing the waterway control valve, opening the gel path control valve, adjusting the back pressure pump to set certain outlet end pressure and starting the displacement pump through the gel which is conveyed into the single fracture profile control visual model from the gel conveying intermediate container; in the gel injection process, monitoring and recording related parameters and the migration state of gel in the crack in the gel injection plugging experimental process at a plurality of time points, wherein the related parameters comprise recording time, driving water quantity, gel injection quantity and a pressure value recorded by a first pressure unit at the inlet end of the crack model corresponding to each time point, and the gel injection quantity is the quantity of the simulation gel consumed in the gel conveying intermediate container; after the gel is injected, the back-pressure pump continuously maintains the pressure at the outlet end, the displacement pump is closed, the gel path control valve is closed, the inlet end control valve (namely the liquid inlet control valve) of the single-crack profile control and drive visual model is closed, gel waiting time in the crack model is gel forming time of the gel, residual gel in the pipeline is cleaned, and the phenomenon that the pipeline is blocked after gel forming to influence an experimental result is prevented; after the first section of gel is coagulated, repeating the steps to perform gel second section injection until the number of sections meeting the experimental requirement is reached, and cleaning the residual gel in the pipeline after each section of gel injection is finished;
205. water drive dynamic simulation experiment after multi-slug gel plugging cracks: the water drive dynamic simulation experiment of the single-crack profile control and flooding visual model after the gel plugging of the multiple sections of plugs is realized by the simulated formation water which is conveyed into the single-crack profile control and flooding visual model from the water conveying intermediate container by closing the gel path control valve, opening the water path control valve and adjusting the back pressure pump to set certain outlet end pressure and starting the displacement pump; in the water drive dynamic simulation experiment process after gel plugging, setting the water drive speed from small to large, and then testing the water drive dynamic simulation experiment after gel plugging cracks at different water drive speeds in the process from large to small, wherein at each water drive speed, relevant parameters in the water drive dynamic simulation experiment process after gel plugging and the migration state of dyed formation water in the cracks containing gel are respectively recorded at a plurality of time points, and the relevant parameters comprise recording time, water drive speed, driving water yield and crack model inlet water pressure values corresponding to the time points; after the pressure value after the water drive breakthrough is stable, closing the displacement pump, ending the water drive experiment, and disassembling and cleaning the single-crack profile control and drive visualization model and the pipeline;
step three: data processing: according to the conventional calculation method of the fracture permeability, the fracture permeability and the fracture width of the fracture core with compact matrix can be calculated according to the experimental data recorded in the step 103, the calculation method of the fracture permeability and the fracture width of the fracture core is described in detail in the related documents, the basic calculation method is a cubic law formula and a correction formula thereof, and the method belongs to the prior art and is not repeated here.
According to the experimental data recorded in the steps 204, 205 and 206, calculating the crack permeability change before and after gel plugging, the gel plugging efficiency after gel plugging, the water drive breakthrough pressure, the residual resistance coefficient and the influence rule of different gel properties on the performance of the gel plugging crack;
the change of the permeability of the cracks before and after gel plugging is reflected by the gel plugging rate, the water drive breakthrough pressure and the residual resistance coefficient of each turn;
the gel plugging rate of each round refers to the reduction degree of the permeability of the fracture rock core after gel plugging of each round, and is represented by the percentage obtained by dividing the difference value of the water permeability before and after gel plugging by the water permeability before plugging;
the water drive breakthrough pressure refers to the highest pressure before the inlet end pressure is stabilized at a first set of water drive flow rate in a water drive experiment after gel plugging, and the data is obtained from the peak value of the pressure curve of the inlet end recorded at the first set of water drive flow rate;
the residual resistance coefficient refers to the capability of reducing the permeability of the fracture core after gel plugging, and the numerical value of the residual resistance coefficient is equal to the ratio of the water logging permeability of the fracture core before and after weak gel plugging.
And (3) researching the distribution form of each section of plug gel and the effect of water drive on the gel form on the plugging single crack rule of the multi-section plug gel through image data recorded by an image recording system in the experimental process.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the experimental device has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, convenient installation and operation, low input cost, reliable working performance, good simulation effect and wide application range.
2) The experimental device and the experimental method provided by the invention are particularly used for the visual research of the multi-section plug gel plugging single-crack rule under the conditions of simulated formation temperature and pressure, provide theoretical basis for the research of the multi-section plug gel plugging single-crack rule and mechanism and the optimization of the on-site multi-section plug profile control and flooding process parameters, and have high practical value and wider popularization and application prospects.
3) The experimental device and the method provided by the invention are further development of adjustment and flooding research of the fractured compact oil reservoir, and particularly provide reliable indoor simulation means and basic theoretical basis for reasonable application of gel plugging adjustment technology of the volume fractured fractures of old oil fields.
4) By utilizing the experimental device and the method, the experimental test result is simple to obtain, the experimental measurement data is accurate, the objective fact in the experimental process can be reflected, the single-fracture multi-section plug gel profile control and flooding under the condition of the fractured reservoir stratum can be effectively simulated, and the influence rule of each main control factor on the migration rule and the weak gel plugging capability of the gel in the fracture in the profile control and flooding process can be visually researched.
In conclusion, the method realizes the visual simulation research of single fracture profile control and flooding under the stratum condition, realizes the visual research of weak gel blocking single fracture and water flooding form after blocking under the indoor simulated stratum condition, and enables all control factors in gel profile control and flooding to most intuitively reflect the blocking mechanism of gel in the single fracture and the form of water flooding gel; meanwhile, the relation between the flow speed and the pressure of the gel in the crack, namely the flow characteristic, the crack plugging rate after plugging of weak gel, the change of the equivalent permeability, the crack width, the plugging performance of the weak gel and the plugging rule can be obtained through recording and analyzing the time, the displacement speed and the pressure value in each experimental process. The invention has wide application range and higher research and application values, and provides reliable basic theoretical support for the application and popularization of gel plugging and profile control technologies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a single fracture profile control visualization experiment device for simulating formation conditions according to the invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom plate side surface of a single-crack profile control visualization model;
FIG. 2b is a schematic top view of a bottom plate of a single-crack profile control visualization model;
FIG. 3a is a schematic side view of a cover plate with a window;
FIG. 3b is a schematic top view of a cover plate with a window;
FIG. 4a is a diagram showing a first section of plug gel migration state during multi-section plug gel injection and a water flooding state after multi-section plug plugging;
FIG. 4b is a diagram showing a second slug of gel migration state during multi-slug gel injection and a water flooding state after multi-slug plugging;
FIG. 4c is a diagram showing a third plug gel migration state during multi-section plug gel injection and a water flooding state after multi-section plug plugging;
FIG. 4d is a diagram showing a fourth slug gel migration state during multi-slug gel injection and a water flooding state after multi-slug plugging;
FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of water drive pressure change after multi-section plug gel plugging;
in the figure, 1-single crack profile control visualization model, 101-bottom plate, 102-window, 103-cover plate, 104-bolt, 105-sealing ring, 106-injection port, 107-outlet port, 108-pressure measuring point, 2-displacement pump, 3-water conveying intermediate container, 4-gel conveying intermediate container, 5-six-way valve, 6-vacuum pump, 7-buffer container, 8-liquid container, 9-pressure gauge, 10-back pressure pump, 11-liquid outlet control valve, 12-first pressure monitoring unit, 13-liquid inlet control valve, 14-gel path control valve, 15-water path control valve and 16-image recording system.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but not limited thereto, and the present invention is not described in detail and is in accordance with the conventional techniques in the art.
Example 1:
a single-fracture profile control visualization experiment device for simulating stratum conditions is shown in figure 1 and comprises a single-fracture profile control visualization model 1, a displacement pump 2, a vacuum pump 6, a water conveying intermediate container 3, a gel conveying intermediate container 4, a liquid container 8 and an image recording system 16;
the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model 1 is used for visualizing the migration process and the distribution form in a crack model, a displacement pump 2 is respectively connected with one end of a water conveying intermediate container 3 and one end of a gel conveying intermediate container 4, the other ends of the water conveying intermediate container 3 and the gel conveying intermediate container 4 are both connected with an injection port 106 of the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model 1 through a six-way valve 5, an outlet 107 of the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model 1 is connected with a liquid container 8 and used for containing experimental liquid flowing out from the outlet end, a back-pressure pump 10 and a liquid outlet control valve 11 are arranged between the outlet 107 of the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model and the liquid container 8, and the back-pressure pump 10 is used for controlling the minimum pressure allowed to pass through the outlet end of the single-; the vacuum pump 6 is connected with the six-way valve 5 and is used for vacuumizing the crack of the single crack profile control visualization model 1;
the single-fracture profile control visualization model is provided with a window 102, the image recording system 16 is aligned to the window 102 and is used for acquiring the migration process and distribution form of various fluids in the single-fracture profile control visualization model, and the image recording system is a high-definition camera.
The experimental device also comprises an external heating device which provides the temperature of the simulated formation for the experimental device and keeps the temperature.
Example 2:
a single-crack displacement visual experiment device for simulating stratum conditions is structurally shown in embodiment 1, and is different from the structure shown in figures 2a, 2b, 3a and 3b, the single-crack displacement visual experiment device 1 comprises a bottom plate 101 with cracks, tempered glass and a cover plate 103 with a window 102, a groove area is arranged on the bottom plate 101, the groove area is grooved to form cracks, quartz sand is filled in the cracks, sealing rings 105 are arranged around the cracks, the tempered glass is adaptive to the size of the groove area and covers the upper portion of the groove area, the cover plate 103 with the window covers the bottom plate and the tempered glass and is fixedly connected through bolts 104, the tempered glass covers the cracks of the bottom plate 101, and the cracks are sealed through the sealing rings 105; the quartz sand does not need to be additionally fixed, and the bottom plate 101, the toughened glass and the cover plate 103 are combined and tightened by bolts to fix the quartz sand;
holes are respectively drilled at two ends of the back of the bottom plate 101 to serve as an injection port 106 and an outlet 107 of the single-crack profile control visual model, the injection port 106 and the outlet 107 are both communicated with cracks, and a plurality of pressure measuring points 108 are arranged on the back of the bottom plate 101 through the drilled holes.
Example 3:
a single-crack profile control visualization experiment device for simulating formation conditions is structurally shown in embodiment 2, and is different in that a plurality of pressure measuring points carry out pressure measurement through a pressure sensor equipped in a multi-channel pressure acquisition system, each pressure measuring point corresponds to a pressure acquisition channel and the pressure sensor connected with the pressure acquisition channel, and the pressure acquisition channels are communicated with cracks through bottom plate drill holes;
in this embodiment, the size of the single-fracture profile control visualization model 1 is 680 x 180, the unit mm is obtained, the number of the drilled holes on the bottom plate 101 is 5 rows and 3 rows, 15 holes are uniformly distributed, one of the holes is selected as an injection port 106 in the first row, and one of the holes is selected as an outlet 107 in the last row, as shown in fig. 2a, the rest holes can be used as pressure measuring points, and the holes which cannot be used can be sealed by plugs.
Example 4:
a single-crack displacement visualization experiment device for simulating stratum conditions is structurally shown in embodiment 3, and is different in that cracks on a bottom plate 101 are formed by grooving on the bottom plate, the size of the cracks is 614 x 108, the unit mm is that the length of the cracks is 614mm, and the width of the cracks is 108mm, the artificial cracks are integral grooving bodies, the integral grooving bodies are only single cracks and have no branches, the opening range of the cracks is 300-2000 mu m, and the opening range of the cracks is controlled by the grooving depth of the bottom plate;
the bottom plate 101 is made of stainless steel;
two ends of a long shaft of the single-crack profile control visualization model 1 are mounted on the support frame through bearings, the single-crack profile control visualization model can be fixed at any angle through rotation of the bearings, and the conditions of different single-crack dip angles are simulated.
The single-fracture profile control visualization model of the embodiment has a large size, and the pressure resistance can exceed 2MPa, so that the method can be closer to the displacement pressure gradient of a simulation fluid in an oil reservoir, and the experimental result has higher referential property;
the single-crack profile control visualization model is large in size, and the migration characteristics of fluids such as multi-slug weak gel and injection water in a single crack can be conveniently recorded and observed; the pressure measurement results of a plurality of pressure measurement points are combined, the relation between the migration characteristics and the pressure distribution of fluids such as weak gel, injected water and the like in the fracture can be analyzed, and powerful evidence support is provided for weak gel multi-slug plugging and profile control and flooding mechanism research.
Example 5:
a single-crack profile control visualization experiment device for simulating stratum conditions is structurally shown in embodiment 1, and is different from the structure that water filled in a water delivery intermediate container 3 is configured simulated stratum water; the gel in the gel-feeding intermediate container 4 is prepared new gel or prepared gel still in the gel-forming induction period or medicament capable of forming gel by mixing;
the water path control valve 15 and the gel path control valve 14 are respectively arranged on the pipelines of the displacement pump 2 connected with the water delivery intermediate container 3 and the gel delivery intermediate container 4.
Example 6:
the structure of the single-fracture profile control visualization experiment device for simulating the formation conditions is as shown in embodiment 1, and is different in that a first pressure monitoring unit 12 and a liquid inlet control valve 13 are installed on a pipeline connected with a six-way valve 5 and a single-fracture profile control visualization model 1.
The liquid container 8 is marked with scales for measuring the volume of liquid stored in the liquid container;
the external heating device is a constant temperature box, and the rest structures of the invention are all positioned in the constant temperature box except the data processing and displaying part of the multichannel pressure acquisition system.
A buffer container 7 and a pressure gauge 9 are arranged between the vacuum pump 6 and the six-way valve 5.
Example 7:
an experimental method of a single-fracture profile control and flooding visualization experimental device for simulating formation conditions comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a single-crack profile control visual experimental device is used for evaluating gel injection performance, and the process is as follows:
101. installing a single-crack profile control and flooding visualization model 1: selecting a bottom plate 101 with a proper opening degree, filling quartz sand with matched particle size according to the sand filling density required by an experiment, simulating a complex internal structure of a single crack, checking the firmness of a sealing ring, pressing toughened glass on the sealing ring 105 to form a crack with a fixed opening degree with the bottom plate, fixing a cover plate 103 with a window with the bottom plate 101 through a bolt 104, pressing the toughened glass, and ensuring the sealing property of the crack;
102. detection by an experimental device: connecting experimental devices, checking the air tightness of each pipeline and each valve, whether each device operates normally or not, and whether water leaks or not;
103. preprocessing a single-crack profile control visualization model: according to a conventional water permeability testing method, vacuumizing a single fracture profile control and flooding visualization model, and saturating and simulating formation water; heating the single fracture profile control visualization model 1 to the environmental temperature of the stratum to be simulated through an external heating device according to the environmental temperature condition of the stratum to be simulated; opening a water delivery intermediate container pipeline, and carrying out permeability test on a single-crack profile control and flooding visual model;
104. water permeability test: the water drive dynamic simulation experiment of the single-crack profile control visualization model is carried out by starting the water path control valve 15, closing the gel path control valve 14, adjusting the back pressure pump 10 to set certain outlet end pressure and starting the displacement pump 2 to realize the transmission from the water transmission intermediate container 3 to the single-crack profile control visualization model 1; in the water drive process, a certain outlet end pressure is set, a water drive speed is set, the first pressure monitoring unit 12 continuously monitors and records the inlet pressure of the single-crack displacement visualization model in real time, when the pressure value monitored by the first pressure monitoring unit 12 keeps stable (the pressure change range is considered to be stable within +/-2%), the water drive dynamic simulation experiment is finished, the water measured permeability of the crack can be calculated, the experimental process is repeated by changing the water drive speed to obtain the water drive permeability of the single-crack displacement visualization model under different water drive speed conditions, and the mathematical average is taken as the single water drive permeability of the single-crack displacement visualization model under the experimental conditions;
105. injection experiment of weak gel in fracture: adjusting a certain outlet end pressure set by a back pressure pump 10, and realizing the gel injection experiment of the single-fracture displacement visualization model of saturated simulated formation water by conveying the gel from a gel conveying intermediate container 14 to the single-fracture displacement visualization model 1 by closing a waterway control valve 15, opening a gel path control valve 14 and starting a displacement pump 2; recording related parameters and image data in the gel injection process, wherein the related parameters comprise gel injection speed and a stable value of crack model inlet pressure, and the image data refer to migration and distribution forms of gel in a visual crack model; after finishing a group of gel injection experiments, closing the displacement pump and the gel path control valve, and washing the gel in the pipeline and the crack model for later use; changing the gel property to repeat the experiment process, wherein the gel property comprises gel viscosity, gel injection speed, gel injection volume and gel forming time;
step two: the evaluation experiment of the gel multi-section plug injection on the single crack plugging performance comprises the following steps:
201. detection by an experimental device: detecting the integrity and the tightness of the equipment according to the step 101;
202. preprocessing a single-crack profile control visualization model: the formation water in the water conveying intermediate container 3 and the gel solution in the gel conveying intermediate container 4 are subjected to dyeing treatment, and the dyeing agent is required not to influence the properties of the two liquids, particularly not to influence the properties of the gel; placing the whole experimental device in a constant temperature box, simulating the temperature of the stratum for heat preservation, and saturating the fracture with the stratum water according to the step 102;
203. water permeability test: completing the test of the permeability of the crack model according to the step 104;
204. plugging experiment of weak gel in crack: the gel injection experiment of the single fracture profile control visualization model of the saturated simulation formation water is realized by closing the water path control valve 15, opening the gel path control valve 14, adjusting the back pressure pump 10, setting certain outlet end pressure and starting the displacement pump 2 through the gel which is conveyed into the single fracture profile control visualization model 1 from the gel conveying intermediate container 14; in the gel injection process, monitoring and recording related parameters and the migration state of gel in the crack in the gel injection plugging experimental process at a plurality of time points, wherein the related parameters comprise recording time, displacement water volume, gel injection amount and a pressure value recorded by a first pressure unit at the inlet end of the crack model corresponding to each time point, and the gel injection amount is the quantity of the simulation gel consumed in the gel conveying middle container; after the gel is injected, the back-pressure pump 10 continuously maintains the outlet end pressure, the displacement pump 2 is closed, the gel path control valve 14 is closed, the inlet end control valve (namely the liquid inlet control valve 13) of the single-crack profile control and drive visual model is closed, gel waiting time in the crack model is gel forming time of the gel, residual gel in the pipeline is cleaned, and the phenomenon that the pipeline is blocked after gel forming to influence an experiment result is avoided; after the first section of gel is coagulated, repeating the steps to perform gel second section injection until the number of sections meeting the experimental requirement is reached, and cleaning the residual gel in the pipeline after each section of gel injection is finished;
205. water drive dynamic simulation experiment after multi-slug gel plugging cracks: the water drive dynamic simulation experiment of the single-crack profile control and flooding visual model after the multi-section plug gel is plugged is realized by closing the gel path control valve 14, opening the water path control valve 15, adjusting the back pressure pump 10, setting certain outlet end pressure and starting the displacement pump 2 through the simulated formation water which is conveyed into the single-crack profile control and flooding visual model from the water conveying intermediate container 3; in the water drive dynamic simulation experiment process after gel plugging, setting the water drive speed from small to large, and then testing the water drive dynamic simulation experiment after gel plugging cracks at different water drive speeds in the process from large to small, wherein at each water drive speed, relevant parameters in the water drive dynamic simulation experiment process after gel plugging and the migration state of dyed formation water in the cracks containing gel are respectively recorded at a plurality of time points, and the relevant parameters comprise recording time, water drive speed, driving water quantity and crack model inlet water pressure values corresponding to the time points; after the pressure value after the water drive breakthrough is stable, closing the displacement pump, ending the water drive experiment, and disassembling and cleaning the single-crack profile control and drive visualization model and the pipeline;
step three: data processing: according to the conventional calculation method of the fracture permeability, the fracture permeability and the fracture width of the fracture core with compact matrix can be calculated according to the experimental data recorded in the step 103, the calculation method of the fracture permeability and the fracture width of the fracture core is described in detail in the related documents, the basic calculation method is a cubic law formula and a correction formula thereof, and the method belongs to the prior art and is not repeated here.
According to the experimental data recorded in the steps 204, 205 and 206, calculating the crack permeability change before and after gel plugging, the gel plugging efficiency after gel plugging, the water drive breakthrough pressure, the residual resistance coefficient and the influence rule of different gel properties on the performance of the gel plugging crack;
the change of the permeability of the cracks before and after gel plugging is reflected by the gel plugging rate, the water drive breakthrough pressure and the residual resistance coefficient of each turn;
the gel plugging rate of each round refers to the reduction degree of the permeability of the fracture rock core after gel plugging of each round, and is represented by the percentage obtained by dividing the difference value of the water permeability before and after gel plugging by the water permeability before plugging;
the water drive breakthrough pressure refers to the highest pressure before the inlet end pressure is stabilized at a first set of water drive flow rate in a water drive experiment after gel plugging, and the data is obtained from the peak value of the pressure curve of the inlet end recorded at the first set of water drive flow rate;
the residual resistance coefficient refers to the capability of reducing the permeability of the fracture core after gel plugging, and the numerical value of the residual resistance coefficient is equal to the ratio of the water logging permeability of the fracture core before and after weak gel plugging.
And (3) researching the distribution form of each section of plug gel and the effect of water drive on the gel form on the plugging single crack rule of the multi-section plug gel through image data recorded by an image recording system in the experimental process.
The single-fracture profile control and flooding visualization experiment device for simulating the stratum conditions is adopted to investigate the research of the plugging performance of the multi-section plug gel on the single fracture and the water flooding rule after the gel at each stage plugs the fracture under the stratum conditions. The migration law of the multi-slug gel in the fracture is shown in figures 4a-4d, and the flow channel of each slug of the gel in the fracture model is not in a macroscopic strip shape, but forms a reticular flow channel; the later-stage gel always drills through the front-stage gel slug, a wormhole-shaped migration path is formed in the front-stage gel slug, the farther end of the crack which is not controlled by the front-stage gel is filled, the early-stage slug is compacted in the process, and the whole crack model is finally controlled after the slugs are matched and filled step by step. The injection of water during water flooding has similar migration characteristics but a different path than the individual slug gels.
The water drive pressure change rule after the multi-section plug gel plugging is as follows: as shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the pressure recorded by the first pressure monitoring unit at the inlet end of the single-fracture profile control visualization model 1 in the water flooding process is in a stepwise rising trend with the increase of the injection speed, but a sudden drop occurs in a local place, for example, when the water flooding speed is 4mL/min and 8mL/min, which is caused by the new flow channel occurring in the single-fracture profile control visualization model 1 after the multiple-gel plugging.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A single-fracture displacement visual experimental device for simulating stratum conditions is characterized by comprising a single-fracture displacement visual model, a displacement pump, a vacuum pump, a water delivery intermediate container, a gel delivery intermediate container, a liquid container and an image recording system;
the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model is used for the migration process and the distribution form in the visualization crack model, the displacement pump is respectively connected with one end of the water conveying intermediate container and one end of the gel conveying intermediate container, the other ends of the water conveying intermediate container and the gel conveying intermediate container are both connected with an injection port of the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model through a six-way valve, an outlet of the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model is connected with the liquid container and is used for containing experimental liquid flowing out from an outlet end, a back-pressure pump and a liquid outlet control valve are arranged between the outlet of the single-crack displacement and drive visualization model and the liquid container, and the back-pressure pump is used for controlling the minimum pressure allowed to pass through the outlet end of the single-crack displacement and; the vacuum pump is connected with the six-way valve and is used for vacuumizing the crack of the single crack profile control and drive visualization model;
the single-fracture profile control and flooding visualization model is provided with a window, and the image recording system is aligned to the window and is used for acquiring the migration process and distribution form of various fluids in the single-fracture profile control and flooding visualization model;
the experimental device also comprises an external heating device which provides the temperature of the simulated formation for the experimental device and keeps the temperature.
2. The single-crack profile control visualization experiment device for simulating the formation conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single-crack profile control visualization model comprises a bottom plate with cracks, tempered glass and a cover plate with a window, a groove area is arranged on the bottom plate, the groove area is grooved to form the cracks, the cracks are filled with quartz sand, a sealing ring is arranged around the cracks, the tempered glass is matched with the groove area in size and covers the upper part of the groove area, and the cover plate with the window covers the bottom plate and the tempered glass and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate and the tempered glass by bolts;
the two ends of the back of the bottom plate are respectively drilled to serve as an injection port and an outlet of the single-crack profile control visual model, the injection port and the outlet are communicated with the cracks, and the back of the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of pressure measuring points through drilling.
3. The single fracture profile control visualization experiment device for simulating the formation conditions according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of pressure measurement points perform pressure measurement through a pressure sensor equipped in a multi-channel pressure acquisition system, each pressure measurement point corresponds to one pressure acquisition channel and the pressure sensor connected with the pressure acquisition channel, and the pressure acquisition channels are communicated with the fractures through bottom plate drilling holes;
the cracks on the bottom plate are formed by grooving on the bottom plate, the size of each crack is 614 x 108, the unit mm is obtained, the opening range of each crack is 300-2000 mu m, and the opening range of each crack is controlled by the grooving depth of the bottom plate.
4. The single fracture profile control and flooding visualization experiment device for simulating the formation conditions according to claim 3, wherein the bottom plate material is a pressure-resistant impermeable material, preferably a stainless steel material;
preferably, two ends of a long shaft of the single-crack profile control visualization model are mounted on the support frame through bearings, the single-crack profile control visualization model can be fixed at any angle through rotation of the bearings, and the conditions of different single-crack inclination angles are simulated.
5. The single fracture profile control and flooding visualization experiment device for simulating formation conditions according to claim 1, wherein the water contained in the water delivery intermediate container is configured simulated formation water; the gel in the gel infusion intermediate container is prepared new gel or prepared gel still in the gel forming induction period or medicament capable of forming gel by mixing.
6. The single fracture profile control visualization experiment device for simulating the formation conditions according to claim 1, wherein a waterway control valve and a gel path control valve are respectively installed on pipelines connected with the displacement pump, the water conveying intermediate container and the gel conveying intermediate container.
7. The single fracture profile control visualization experiment device for simulating the formation conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first pressure monitoring unit and a liquid inlet control valve are installed on a pipeline connecting the six-way valve and the single fracture profile control visualization model;
preferably, the liquid container is marked with a scale for measuring the volume of liquid stored therein.
8. The single fracture profile control visualization experiment device for simulating the formation conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the external heating device is a thermostat.
9. The single fracture profile control visualization experiment device for simulating the formation condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein a buffer container is arranged between the vacuum pump and the six-way valve.
10. The experimental method of the single fracture profile control visualization experimental device for simulating the formation conditions, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a single-crack profile control visual experimental device is used for evaluating gel injection performance, and the process is as follows:
101. installing a single-crack profile control and flooding visualization model: selecting a crack bottom plate with a proper opening degree, filling quartz sand with a matched particle size, simulating a complex internal structure of a single crack, checking the firmness of a sealing ring, pressing toughened glass on the sealing ring to form a crack with a fixed opening degree with the bottom plate, fixing a cover plate with a window with the bottom plate through a bolt, pressing the toughened glass tightly, and ensuring the sealing property of the crack;
102. detection by an experimental device: connecting experimental devices, checking the air tightness of each pipeline and each valve, whether each device operates normally or not, and whether water leaks or not;
103. preprocessing a single-crack profile control visualization model: according to a conventional water permeability testing method, vacuumizing a single fracture profile control and flooding visualization model, and saturating and simulating formation water; heating the single fracture profile control visualization model to the environmental temperature of the stratum to be simulated through an external heating device according to the environmental temperature condition of the stratum to be simulated; opening a water delivery intermediate container pipeline, and carrying out permeability test on a single-crack profile control and flooding visual model;
104. water permeability test: the water drive dynamic simulation experiment of the single-crack profile control visualization model is carried out by starting a water path control valve, closing a gel path control valve, adjusting a back pressure pump, setting certain outlet end pressure and starting a displacement pump to realize the purpose of conveying water from a water conveying intermediate container to the single-crack profile control visualization model; in the water drive process, a certain outlet end pressure is set, a water drive speed is set, the first pressure monitoring unit continuously monitors and records the inlet pressure of the single-crack profile control visualization model in real time, when the pressure value monitored by the first pressure monitoring unit is stable, the water drive dynamic simulation experiment is finished, the water measurement permeability of cracks can be calculated, the experiment process is repeated by changing the water drive speed to ensure the accuracy of the water measurement permeability result, the water drive permeability of the single-crack profile control visualization model under different water drive speed conditions is obtained, and the mathematical average is taken as the single water drive permeability of the single-crack profile control visualization model under the experiment conditions;
105. injection experiment of weak gel in fracture: adjusting a certain outlet end pressure of a back pressure pump, closing a waterway control valve, opening a gel path control valve and starting a displacement pump to realize the purpose of conveying the gel to the single-fracture profile control visualization model through a gel conveying intermediate container, and performing a gel injection experiment of the gel on the single-fracture profile control visualization model of saturated simulated formation water; recording related parameters and image data in the gel injection process, wherein the related parameters comprise gel injection speed and a stable value of crack model inlet pressure, and the image data refer to migration and distribution forms of gel in a visual crack model; after finishing a group of gel injection experiments, closing the displacement pump and the gel path control valve, and washing the gel in the pipeline and the crack model for later use; repeating the above experiment process by changing the gel properties, wherein the gel properties comprise gel viscosity, gel injection speed, gel injection volume and gel formation time;
step two: the evaluation experiment of the gel multi-section plug injection on the single crack plugging performance comprises the following steps:
201. detection by an experimental device: detecting the integrity and the tightness of the equipment according to the step 101;
202. preprocessing a single-crack profile control visualization model: carrying out dyeing treatment on the formation water in the water conveying intermediate container and the gel solution in the gel conveying intermediate container, wherein the dyeing agent is required not to influence the properties of the two liquids; placing the whole experimental device in a constant temperature box, simulating the temperature of the stratum for heat preservation, and saturating the fracture with the stratum water according to the step 102;
203. water permeability test: completing the test of the permeability of the crack model according to the step 104;
204. plugging experiment of weak gel in crack: the gel injection experiment of the single fracture profile control visual model of the saturated simulated formation water is realized by closing the waterway control valve, opening the gel path control valve, adjusting the back pressure pump to set certain outlet end pressure and starting the displacement pump through the gel which is conveyed into the single fracture profile control visual model from the gel conveying intermediate container; in the gel injection process, monitoring and recording related parameters and the migration state of gel in the crack in the gel injection plugging experimental process at a plurality of time points, wherein the related parameters comprise recording time, driving water quantity, gel injection quantity and a pressure value recorded by a first pressure unit at the inlet end of the crack model corresponding to each time point, and the gel injection quantity is the quantity of the simulation gel consumed in the gel conveying intermediate container; after the gel is injected, the back-pressure pump continuously maintains the pressure at the outlet end, the displacement pump and the gel path control valve are closed, the liquid inlet control valve of the single-crack profile control visualization model is closed, gel waiting is carried out in the crack model, the gel waiting time is the gel forming time of the gel, residual gel in the pipeline is cleaned, and the phenomenon that the pipeline is blocked after gel forming to influence an experiment result is prevented; after the first section of gel is coagulated, repeating the steps to perform gel second section injection until the number of sections meeting the experimental requirement is reached, and cleaning the residual gel in the pipeline after each section of gel injection is finished;
205. water drive dynamic simulation experiment after multi-slug gel plugging cracks: the water drive dynamic simulation experiment of the single-crack profile control and flooding visual model after the gel plugging of the multiple sections of plugs is realized by the simulated formation water which is conveyed into the single-crack profile control and flooding visual model from the water conveying intermediate container by closing the gel path control valve, opening the water path control valve and adjusting the back pressure pump to set certain outlet end pressure and starting the displacement pump; in the water drive dynamic simulation experiment process after gel plugging, setting the water drive speed from small to large, and then testing the water drive dynamic simulation experiment after gel plugging cracks at different water drive speeds in the process from large to small, wherein at each water drive speed, relevant parameters in the water drive dynamic simulation experiment process after gel plugging and the migration state of dyed formation water in the cracks containing gel are respectively recorded at a plurality of time points, and the relevant parameters comprise recording time, water drive speed, driving water yield and crack model inlet water pressure values corresponding to the time points; after the pressure value after the water drive breakthrough is stable, closing the displacement pump, ending the water drive experiment, and disassembling and cleaning the single-crack profile control and drive visualization model and the pipeline;
step three: data processing: according to a conventional calculation method of the crack permeability, the crack permeability and the crack width can be calculated according to the experimental data recorded in the step 103;
calculating the change of crack permeability before and after gel plugging, gel plugging efficiency after gel plugging, water drive breakthrough pressure, residual resistance coefficient and the influence rule of different gel properties on the gel plugging crack performance according to the experimental data recorded in the steps 204, 205 and 206;
and (3) researching the distribution form of each section of plug gel and the effect of water drive on the gel form on the plugging single crack rule of the multi-section plug gel through image data recorded by an image recording system in the experimental process.
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