CN112266805B - 一种利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法 Download PDF

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CN112266805B
CN112266805B CN202010922927.6A CN202010922927A CN112266805B CN 112266805 B CN112266805 B CN 112266805B CN 202010922927 A CN202010922927 A CN 202010922927A CN 112266805 B CN112266805 B CN 112266805B
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黄戒介
刘哲语
王志青
程中虎
房倚天
李勇博
董立波
宋双双
王鸿瑜
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Shanxi Institute of Coal Chemistry of CAS
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    • C10L5/00Solid fuels
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法,包括原料粉碎、混配、成型、干燥等工序。本发明利用红薯渣为有机粘结剂,煤矸石、煤泥为无机粘结剂,既实现废物的利用又发挥其粘结功能。本发明的型煤制备成本低、抗压强度好,燃烧性能高,能源利用率高;同时,解决了固废利用和环境污染问题,具有可观的经济效益和社会效益。

Description

一种利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法,属于煤矸石、煤泥利用领域。
背景技术
煤矸石是采煤过程和洗煤过程中排放的固体废物,热值较低,其主要无机成分是Al2O3、SiO2,相当一部分是高岭土。煤泥是煤炭洗选产生的废物,也具有较高的热值。我国每年排出煤矸石达1亿吨,不仅占用大片土地,还会造成严重的环境污染;大量的煤泥也存在堆放和环境污染问题。因此,固废资源化洁净利用迫在眉睫,并具有重要的现实意义。
型煤技术属于一种洁净煤技术,可以提高燃烧效率、降低粉尘排放等,是解决煤矸石、煤泥利用的有效方法。粉煤成型最重要的是粘结剂,常用的粘结剂包括无机粘结剂和有机粘结剂,无机粘结剂有黏土、水泥、膨润土等,有机粘结剂有淀粉、纤维素、高分子有机物等,一般价格较高,导致型煤成本高。利用生物质作为粘结剂受到人们的青睐,以生物质作为型煤粘结剂不仅会增加型煤的机械强度,也会明显降低型煤的着火温度。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法,具体是掺混煤矸石、煤泥制备型煤的方法,充分利用了煤矸石、煤泥中的可燃组分和粘结功能,所制备的型煤抗压强度高,燃烧效率高。该工艺简单,成本低廉,充分利用了煤矸石、煤泥的物理化学性质,生产出低成本的工业型煤。
本发明以红薯渣、煤矸石、煤泥作为型煤粘结剂,采用特殊的加工方式,使粉煤成型。本发明的技术原理为:1) 煤矸石粉碎细化可提高颗粒的表面能,并暴露出镶嵌的碳,不仅改善了煤矸石的粘结性,而且改善了煤矸石的燃烧效率。2) 采取分段混合方法,旨在利用不同物料颗粒表面性质,使物料之间有机结合。首先将碎煤与煤矸石粉、煤泥混合,利用煤表面的亲和性使煤矸石将煤粒包裹,然后再加入红薯渣和无机碱,通过搅拌混合使有机物和碱附着在煤矸石表面,这样可有效提高型煤的抗压强度。另外使用热水可以起到红薯渣的原位糊化作用。
本发明提供了一种掺混煤矸石、煤泥制备型煤的方法,所用原料为煤矸石、煤泥、碎煤、红薯渣、NaOH,各原料按重量配比为:10-30%煤矸石;10-30%煤泥;50-70%碎煤;1-2%红薯渣;0.1-0.2%NaOH。
制备过程具体为:首先将煤矸石破碎至粒径小于0.12 mm;原煤破碎至粒径小于3mm;第二步,将碎煤、煤矸石粉、煤泥按上述比例计量并搅拌混合;第三步,将上述混合料中配入计量的红薯渣和NaOH搅拌混合;第四步,加入热水混捏;第五步,将混捏均匀形成的型煤原料,加入成型机内,然后挤压成型,得到椭圆煤球;最后煤球在100-120℃烘干,获得产品型煤。
上述制备过程中,加入水的质量为型煤成型总原料重量的7-12%,水温为80-100℃。
本发明的有益效果:
(1) 本发明采用煤矸石、煤泥、红薯渣作为型煤粘结剂,既制备了高抗压强度的型煤又实现了固废的资源化利用,型煤成本降低10-20%;
(2) 所采用的分段混合,科学地利用了不同原料的表面性质,最佳化地达到了各种原料的均化和结合,因而有效改善了型煤抗压强度;
(3) 采用加入热水进行红薯渣原位糊化,简化了工艺流程,并有利于与煤料的混合均化。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例来进一步说明本发明,但不局限于以下实施例。
实施例1:
以宁夏煤矸石、煤泥和烟煤为主要原料,所用原料煤矸石、煤泥、碎煤,各原料按重量配比为:10%煤矸石;20%煤泥;67.9%碎煤;2%红薯渣;0.1%NaOH。加入水的质量为型煤成型原料重量的9%,水温90oC。首先将煤矸石破碎至粒径为小于0.12 mm;原煤破碎至粒径为小于3 mm;第二步,将碎煤、煤矸石粉、煤泥、红薯渣和NaOH按上述比例计量并搅拌混合;第三步,加入热水混捏;第四步,将混捏均匀形成的型煤原料,加入成型机内,然后挤压成型,得到椭圆煤球;最后煤球在100-120℃烘干,获得产品型煤,平均抗压强度为460N/个。
实施例2:
以宁夏煤矸石、煤泥和烟煤为主要原料,所用原料煤矸石、煤泥、碎煤、红薯渣、NaOH,各原料按重量配比为:10%煤矸石;20%煤泥;67.9%碎煤;2%红薯渣;0.1%NaOH。加入水的质量为型煤成型原料重量的9%,水温为90℃。首先将煤矸石破碎至粒径为小于0.12mm;原煤破碎至粒径为小于3 mm;第二步,将碎煤、煤矸石粉、煤泥按上述比例计量并搅拌混合;第三步,将上述混合料中配入计量的红薯渣和NaOH搅拌混合;第四步,加入热水混捏;第五步,将混捏均匀形成的型煤原料,加入成型机内,然后挤压成型,得到椭圆煤球;最后煤球在100-120℃烘干,获得产品型煤,平均抗压强度为550N/个。
实施例3:
以宁夏煤矸石、煤泥和烟煤为主要原料,所用原料煤矸石、煤泥、碎煤、红薯渣、NaOH,各原料按重量配比为:20%煤矸石;20%煤泥;58.9%碎煤;1%红薯渣;0.1%NaOH。加入水的质量为型煤成型原料重量的10%,水温为90oC。首先将煤矸石破碎至粒径为小于0.12 mm;原煤破碎至粒径为小于3 mm;第二步,将碎煤、煤矸石粉、煤泥按上述比例计量并搅拌混合;第三步,将上述混合料中配入计量的红薯渣和NaOH搅拌混合;第四步,加入热水混捏;第五步,将混捏均匀形成的型煤原料,加入成型机内,然后挤压成型,得到椭圆煤球;最后煤球在100-120℃左右烘干,获得产品型煤,平均抗压强度为620N/个。
实施例4:
以宁夏煤矸石、煤泥和无烟煤为主要原料,所用原料煤矸石、煤泥、碎煤、红薯渣、NaOH,各原料按重量配比为:10%煤矸石;30%煤泥;57.8%碎煤;2%红薯渣;0.2%NaOH。加入水的质量为型煤成型原料重量的12%,水温为80℃。首先将煤矸石破碎至粒径为小于0.12 mm;原煤破碎至粒径为小于3 mm;第二步,将碎煤、煤矸石粉、煤泥按上述比例计量并搅拌混合;第三步,将上述混合料中配入计量的红薯渣和NaOH搅拌混合;第四步,加入热水混捏;第五步,将混捏均匀形成的型煤原料,加入成型机内,然后挤压成型,得到椭圆煤球;最后煤球在100-120℃左右烘干,获得产品型煤,平均抗压强度为650N/个。
实施例5:
以宁夏煤矸石、煤泥和无烟煤为主要原料,所用原料煤矸石、煤泥、碎煤、红薯渣、NaOH,各原料按重量配比为:30%煤矸石;10%煤泥;57.8%碎煤;2%红薯渣;0.2%NaOH。加入水的质量为型煤成型原料重量的8%,水温为100℃。首先将煤矸石破碎至粒径为小于0.12 mm;原煤破碎至粒径为小于3 mm;第二步,将碎煤、煤矸石粉、煤泥按上述比例计量并搅拌混合;第三步,将上述混合料中配入计量的红薯渣和NaOH搅拌混合;第四步,加入热水混捏;第五步,将混捏均匀形成的型煤原料,加入成型机内,然后挤压成型,得到椭圆煤球;最后煤球在100-120℃左右烘干,获得产品型煤,平均抗压强度为670N/个。
以上所述,仅为本发明的典型具体实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明技术基础上,可轻易类似原料替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法,其特征在于:以红薯渣、煤矸石、煤泥作为型煤粘结剂,采用特殊的加工方式,使粉煤成型;
所述的利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)原料破碎:煤矸石破碎至粒径小于0.12 mm;原煤破碎至粒径小于3 mm;
(2)原料混配:首先将碎煤、煤矸石粉、煤泥搅拌混合,然后配入红薯渣以及无机碱NaOH搅拌混合,最后加入热水混捏;
(3)型煤的制备:将混捏均匀形成的型煤原料,加入成型机内,然后挤压成型,得到椭圆煤球,再在100-120℃烘干获得型煤产品;
所得型煤的平均抗拉强度为460~670N/个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法,其特征在于:所用原料为煤矸石、煤泥、碎煤、红薯渣、NaOH,各原料按重量配比为:10-30%煤矸石;10-30%煤泥;50-70%碎煤;1-2%红薯渣;0.1-0.2%NaOH。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用可燃固废制备工业型煤的方法,其特征在于:加入热水的质量为型煤成型原料总重量的7-12%,水温为80-100℃。
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