CN112266462A - Anti-aging elastic fabric and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-aging elastic fabric and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112266462A CN112266462A CN202011195017.9A CN202011195017A CN112266462A CN 112266462 A CN112266462 A CN 112266462A CN 202011195017 A CN202011195017 A CN 202011195017A CN 112266462 A CN112266462 A CN 112266462A
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- fabric
- spandex
- pentaerythritol
- isocyanate
- spinning
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/70—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyurethanes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6674—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
- C08G18/6677—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203 having at least three hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6681—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6685—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or C08G18/3271 and/or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3225 or polyamines of C08G18/38
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of textile fabrics, and particularly relates to an anti-aging elastic fabric. The invention also provides a preparation method of the fabric.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of textile fabrics, and particularly relates to an anti-aging elastic fabric and a preparation method of the fabric.
Background
Most textile products are fiber fabrics and are widely applied to the fields of clothing, medical treatment, aerospace, mechanical manufacturing and the like. Spandex and its synthetic fiber gradually occupy the textile product market due to their characteristics of high strength, low modulus, high resilience, high elongation at break, etc., especially in the industries of tight-fitting clothes, swimwear, underwear, etc. However, spandex is affected by internal and external factors during its application process, such as oxidation, light irradiation, chemical agent influence, etc., and its excellent mechanical properties gradually decrease, thereby losing its application value. Therefore, the aging resistance of the textile fabric is a key factor influencing the use of the textile fabric, particularly the aging resistance and the service life of spandex are improved, and the comprehensive performance of the elastic textile fabric can be determined.
At present, the research on the aging-resistant elastic fabric in the prior art still cannot meet the requirement of social development, and a fabric with excellent elasticity and better aging resistance needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an anti-aging elastic fabric, wherein spandex fibers used by the fabric are combined by specially-made polyether polyol and matched with ethylenediamine, triethylene glycol and pentaerythritol to serve as a composite chain extender, so that the spandex fibers have excellent elasticity and high anti-aging performance, and the performance of the final fabric is improved. The invention also provides a preparation method of the fabric.
An anti-aging elastic fabric is obtained by spinning spandex fibers and polyester fibers; the preparation method of the spandex fiber comprises the following steps:
mixing an isocyanate component and an isocyanate reactive component for reaction to obtain a prepolymer after the reaction is finished, wherein the isocyanate reactive component comprises polytetramethylene ether glycol and polyether polyol initiated by pentaerythritol;
continuously adding N, N-dimethylformamide into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring, adding ethylenediamine to react, adding triethylene glycol and pentaerythritol to react after reacting for 1-3 hours, adding a chain terminator after reacting for 1-3 hours, and uniformly stirring to obtain a spinning stock solution; wherein the ethylene diamine, the triethylene glycol and the pentaerythritol are chain extender components;
and step three, preparing the spinning solution into the spandex fiber by a dry spinning process.
The invention adopts the specially-made spandex fiber, wherein polyether polyol initiated by pentaerythritol is introduced, and the pentaerythritol is added in the chain extension step, so that the cross-linking degree of molecules in the finally-prepared spandex fiber is improved to a certain extent, the molecular structure is more stable, and the aging resistance of the spandex fiber is improved to a certain extent; in addition, triethylene glycol is introduced into the preparation process, and other raw materials and processes in the preparation method are combined, so that the aging resistance of the spandex fiber is ensured, and the excellent elasticity of the spandex fiber is ensured. Therefore, the finally prepared fabric has excellent ageing resistance and elasticity.
The isocyanate component may be selected from the isocyanates commonly used in the art, preferably diisocyanates, especially diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
Preferably, the polytetramethylene ether glycol has a number average molecular weight of 2000 and the pentaerythritol-initiated polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight of 2000, obtained by homopolymerization of ethylene oxide.
Preferably, the molar ratio of isocyanate groups in the isocyanate component to hydroxyl groups in the isocyanate-reactive component is from 1.5 to 1.7: 1. more preferably, the molar ratio of polytetramethylene ether glycol to polyether polyol starting from pentaerythritol is 9: 1.
controlling the amount of polytetramethylene ether glycol and the amount of polyether polyol initiated with pentaerythritol can control the degree of crosslinking of the resulting spandex molecules from not too great, which would otherwise affect the elasticity of the spandex.
Preferably, the molar ratio of isocyanate groups in the prepolymer to hydroxyl groups in the chain extender component is 1.01-1.05: 1; more preferably, the molar ratio between ethylenediamine, triethylene glycol and pentaerythritol is 1: (0.03-0.05): (0.01-0.03).
The preparation method is characterized in that the proportion of triethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in the chain extender component is controlled, and the chain extender component is matched with other components and processes in the preparation method, so that the crosslinking degree of spandex molecules is controlled not to be too large, and the finally prepared spandex fiber is suitable in elasticity and excellent in ageing resistance by controlling the content of ether bonds and combining the factors.
The chain terminator may be one commonly used in the art, preferably diethylamine; the amount of the diethylamine is based on the total reaction of the remaining isocyanate groups in the reaction system.
The amount of the N, N-dimethylformamide can be referred to the amount commonly used in the art, and preferably, the amount of the N, N-dimethylformamide is based on the solid content of the spinning solution controlled within the range of 35-40%.
It should be noted that the limitations of the invention on the amount or proportion of each component are limited ranges obtained by combining a great deal of experimental results of the inventor on the basis of theoretical calculation; in the process of applying the technical scheme of the invention to the embodiment, the weighing is actually carried out by taking the mass as a unit, and the determination of the mass of the components is obtained by converting a theoretical formula according to the proportion or the dosage defined by the invention, thereby belonging to the limited range of the invention.
The spandex fiber is prepared from the spinning solution by a dry spinning process, the dry spinning process is a process well known in the art, and specific preparation steps can refer to the content disclosed in the prior art without influencing the implementation of the invention. Preferably, the linear density of the spandex fiber is controlled to be 150-155 dtex.
The polyester fiber can be selected from polyester fibers commonly used in the field, and the polyester fiber with the specification of 22dtex/6f is preferred.
The spandex fiber content of the fabric is 25-28%, and the total mass of the spandex fibers and the polyester fibers is taken as a reference.
A preparation method of the fabric comprises the following steps: the spandex fiber and the polyester fiber are used as raw materials, and the fabric is obtained through spinning.
The preparation method is not described, and can be carried out by adopting the processes, parameters, methods and the like commonly used in the field, and the implementation of the invention is not influenced.
In a preferred embodiment, the warping speed of the spandex fiber is 400m/min, the pre-draft is 120%, and the full-draft is 60%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: polyether polyol, triethylene glycol and pentaerythritol initiated by pentaerythritol are matched with other components to control the crosslinking degree of spandex molecules, so that the aging resistance of the fabric is further enhanced under the condition of ensuring that the finally prepared fabric has excellent elasticity.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Diphenylmethane diisocyanate, manufactured by basf corporation;
polyether polyol 1, polytetramethylene ether glycol, number average molecular weight 2000, manufactured by basf corporation;
polyether polyol 2, an initiator of pentaerythritol, obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide, having a number average molecular weight of 2000, produced by basf corporation;
the specification of the polyester fiber is 22dtex/6 f.
The preparation method of the spandex fibers 1-3 and the comparative spandex fiber 1 comprises the following steps:
adding an isocyanate component and an isocyanate reactive component into a reactor, controlling the temperature of the reactor to be 45 ℃, starting stirring to react for 4 hours, and obtaining a prepolymer after the reaction is finished;
continuously adding N, N-dimethylformamide into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring, adding ethylenediamine to react, adding triethylene glycol and pentaerythritol to react after reacting for 1 hour, adding a chain terminator after reacting for 3 hours, uniformly stirring, and then carrying out defoaming treatment to obtain a spinning stock solution with the solid content of 35% after defoaming; wherein the adding amount of the N, N-dimethylformamide is based on 35 percent of the solid content of the spinning solution;
and step three, preparing the spinning solution into spandex fibers by a dry spinning process, and controlling the linear density of the spandex fibers to be 154 dtex.
The preparation method of the comparative spandex fiber 2 is as follows:
adding an isocyanate component and an isocyanate reactive component into a reactor, controlling the temperature of the reactor to be 45 ℃, starting stirring to react for 4 hours, and obtaining a prepolymer after the reaction is finished;
continuously adding N, N-dimethylformamide into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring, adding ethylenediamine to react, adding triethylene glycol to react after reacting for 1 hour, adding a chain terminator after reacting for 3 hours, uniformly stirring, defoaming, and obtaining a spinning solution with the solid content of 35% after defoaming; wherein the adding amount of the N, N-dimethylformamide is based on 35 percent of the solid content of the spinning solution;
and step three, preparing the spinning solution into spandex fibers by a dry spinning process, and controlling the linear density of the spandex fibers to be 154 dtex.
The preparation method of the comparative spandex fiber 3 is as follows:
adding an isocyanate component and an isocyanate reactive component into a reactor, controlling the temperature of the reactor to be 45 ℃, starting stirring to react for 4 hours, and obtaining a prepolymer after the reaction is finished;
continuously adding N, N-dimethylformamide into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring, adding ethylenediamine to react, adding pentaerythritol to react after 1 hour of reaction, adding a chain terminator after 3 hours of reaction, uniformly stirring, defoaming, and obtaining a spinning stock solution with the solid content of 35% after defoaming; wherein the adding amount of the N, N-dimethylformamide is based on 35 percent of the solid content of the spinning solution;
and step three, preparing the spinning solution into spandex fibers by a dry spinning process, and controlling the linear density of the spandex fibers to be 154 dtex.
The preparation method of the comparative spandex fiber 4 is as follows:
adding an isocyanate component and an isocyanate reactive component into a reactor, controlling the temperature of the reactor to be 45 ℃, starting stirring to react for 4 hours, and obtaining a prepolymer after the reaction is finished;
continuously adding N, N-dimethylformamide into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring, simultaneously adding ethylenediamine, triethylene glycol and pentaerythritol to react for 4 hours, adding a chain terminator after the reaction is carried out, uniformly stirring, carrying out defoaming treatment, and obtaining a spinning stock solution with the solid content of 35% after the defoaming is finished; wherein the adding amount of the N, N-dimethylformamide is based on 35 percent of the solid content of the spinning solution;
and step three, preparing the spinning solution into spandex fibers by a dry spinning process, and controlling the linear density of the spandex fibers to be 154 dtex.
The amounts of the raw materials in the preparation method of the spandex fiber are respectively listed in table 1, and are calculated in terms of molar fraction, which refers to the relative molar ratio of the raw materials to each other in a specific preparation step.
TABLE 1 amount (molar fraction) of each raw material in the spandex fiber preparation step
The preparation method of the fabrics of the examples and the comparative examples comprises the following steps: spinning spandex fibers and polyester fibers according to the spandex fiber content of 26.5% to obtain a fabric; wherein the warp knitting machine is a Raschel warp knitting machine, the technological parameters are that the transverse density of a finished product is 19cm, the longitudinal density of the finished product is 126cm, the machine number is 36, the drawing density is 50cm, the let-off quantity of the polyester fiber is 642mm/rack, the let-off quantity of the spandex fiber is 64mm/rack, and the surface density is 85g/m2。
The fabric samples of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4 are respectively obtained by spinning spandex fibers 1-3 and comparative spandex fibers 1-4.
The samples of examples and comparative examples were tested according to the standards of the FZ/T70006-2004 knitted fabric tensile elastic recovery test method, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 elasticity test results of examples and comparative fabrics
The aging resistance test method comprises the following steps: taking the fabric samples of the embodiment and the comparative example, respectively placing the fabric samples in a constant-temperature constant-humidity box, controlling the temperature in the box to be 60 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 20 percent, and directly illuminating the samples by using a xenon lamp in an air atmosphere; the samples are respectively placed in the box body for 36 hours, 72 hours and 144 hours and then taken out, the breaking strength of the samples is tested, and the breaking strength retention rate is used as the evaluation standard of the aging resistance of the samples.
The breaking strength retention rate is 100% of the breaking strength value/initial breaking strength value after aging test. Wherein, the initial value of the breaking strength is the test result of the breaking strength of the sample listed in Table 2.
The results of the aging resistance tests of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 retention of breaking strength of examples and comparative examples
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An anti-aging elastic fabric is characterized by being obtained by spinning spandex fibers and polyester fibers; the preparation method of the spandex fiber comprises the following steps:
mixing an isocyanate component and an isocyanate reactive component for reaction to obtain a prepolymer after the reaction is finished, wherein the isocyanate reactive component comprises polytetramethylene ether glycol and polyether polyol initiated by pentaerythritol;
continuously adding N, N-dimethylformamide into the prepolymer, uniformly stirring, adding ethylenediamine to react, adding triethylene glycol and pentaerythritol to react after reacting for 1-3 hours, adding a chain terminator after reacting for 1-3 hours, and uniformly stirring to obtain a spinning stock solution; wherein the ethylene diamine, the triethylene glycol and the pentaerythritol are chain extender components;
and step three, preparing the spinning solution into the spandex fiber by a dry spinning process.
2. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the isocyanate component is a diisocyanate, preferably diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
3. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the polytetramethylene ether glycol has a number average molecular weight of 2000 and the pentaerythritol-initiated polyether polyol has a number average molecular weight of 2000 and is obtained by homopolymerization of ethylene oxide.
4. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate groups in the isocyanate component to hydroxyl groups in the isocyanate-reactive component is from 1.5 to 1.7: 1; preferably, the molar ratio of polytetramethylene ether glycol to polyether polyol starting from pentaerythritol is 9: 1.
5. the fabric according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate groups in the prepolymer to hydroxyl groups in the chain extender component is 1.01 to 1.05: 1; preferably, the molar ratio between ethylenediamine, triethylene glycol and pentaerythritol is 1: (0.03-0.05): (0.01-0.03).
6. The face fabric of claim 1, wherein the chain terminator is diethylamine; the amount of the diethylamine is based on the total reaction of the remaining isocyanate groups in the reaction system.
7. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the N, N-dimethylformamide is used in an amount such that the solid content of the spinning solution is controlled within a range of 35-40%.
8. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the linear density of the spandex fiber is controlled to be 150-155 dtex; the specification of the polyester fiber is 22dtex/6 f.
9. The fabric according to claim 1, wherein the content of spandex fibers in the fabric is 25-28% based on the total mass of the spandex fibers and the polyester fibers.
10. A method for preparing the fabric of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spandex fiber and the polyester fiber are used as raw materials, and the fabric is obtained through spinning.
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