CN112262237A - 无甲醛的粘合剂组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于粘合纤维的水性粘合剂组合物,包含通过在水性介质中在聚乙烯醇存在下以下的自由基引发的聚合获得的乙酸乙烯酯‑乙烯共聚物A):a1)60至94wt.%乙酸乙烯酯、a2)5至30wt.%乙烯和a3)0至20wt.%的其它烯属不饱和的可共聚的共聚单体,其特征在于该聚合在互聚物B)存在下进行,该互聚物B)具有b1)20至50wt.%的衍生自烯属不饱和羧酰胺的单体单元、b2)20至50wt.%的衍生自烯属不饱和一元羧酸的单体单元、b3)20至50wt.%的衍生自烯属不饱和二元羧酸或其酸酐的单体单元,单体a1)、a2)和a3)的wt.%的规格合计为100wt.%,并且单体单元b1)、b2)和b3)的wt.%的规格合计为100wt.%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无甲醛的粘合剂组合物及其用于生产纺织织物(textilefabrics)的用途。
背景技术
用于纺织织物的粘合剂组合物通常包含基于烯属不饱和单体的聚合物作为粘合剂组分,并且通常为水分散体的形式。该聚合物通常包含交联单体的单元,因此可以彼此交联并可选地还可以与纤维交联,因此有助于形成具有更高强度的纺织织物。因此,可以实现纤维的永久固定和纺织织物对机械应力的抵抗力提高。纺织织物也被称为术语无纺织物(nonwoven),并且可以例如通过气流铺展(airlay)、湿法铺展(wetlay)或纺丝铺展(spunlay)法生产。
在工业实践中,主要包含N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺单元(NMA)的聚合物已普遍用作粘合剂组分。N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺基团可以与纤维素或淀粉的OH基团反应,并因此在粘合剂聚合物和纤维之间产生共价键。不利的是在这种聚合物的交联过程中形成甲醛,出于毒理学原因这是应当避免的。另外,由于其生产,这种聚合物在许多情况下包含甲醛作为伴随物质,例如当它们通过使用释放甲醛的引发剂(如甲醛次硫酸氢钠)的聚合反应生产时。
因此,需要使粘合剂组合物中的甲醛含量最小化,并以尽可能不含甲醛的有效方式获得纺织织物。
在EP 0 596 318 B1中,在氧化还原引发剂体系中代替甲醛次硫酸氢钠将抗坏血酸用作还原剂,以在聚合过程中减少聚合物水分散体中的甲醛。WO 2013/124417 A1描述了一种含NMA的无纺织物粘合剂,其中使用丙烯酰胺单体单元部分替代N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺单体单元。从WO 2017/189350 A1已知使用由聚乙烯醇或由N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺共聚单体单元的组合稳定的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物。WO 2013/085764 A1描述了基于用聚乙烯醇稳定的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物分散体的纤维粘合剂,其不包含N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺,并且其包含氯化铵以提高粘合剂的湿强度。WO 2015/067621 A1描述了无纺织物粘合剂,其代替NMA单体单元具有含环氧化物的单体单元和含硅烷的单体单元的组合。EP 0 609 849 A1描述了一种无纺织物粘合剂,其为具有N-丁氧基甲基丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰胺单体单元的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的乳化剂稳定的水性分散体的形式。EP 0 184 153 B1描述了用阴离子乳化剂稳定的无甲醛的胶乳粘合剂,其基于具有丙烯酰胺和二羧酸单体单元的丙烯酸酯共聚物。JP 2008-297523 A描述了基于用聚乙烯醇稳定的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的粘合剂,其也包含衍生自丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸的共聚单体单元。申请号为PCT/EP2019/052740的PCT申请描述了基于用聚乙烯醇稳定的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的无甲醛粘合剂,其也包含衍生自丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸和马来酸酐的共聚单体单元。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于粘合纤维的水性粘合剂,其即使不添加交联催化剂,也能使纤维复合材料具有高的湿强度而不释放甲醛。
本发明涉及一种用于粘合纤维的水性粘合剂组合物,包含乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A),其是通过以下可获得的:在水性介质中在聚乙烯醇存在下自由基引发的a1)60至94重量%的乙酸乙烯酯、a2)5至30重量%的乙烯和a3)0至20重量%的与其可共聚的其它烯属不饱和共聚单体的聚合,其特征在于聚合在共聚物B)的存在下进行,该共聚物B)具有:
b1)20至50重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和羧酰胺的单体单元,
b2)20至50重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和一元羧酸的单体单元,
b3)20至50重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和二元羧酸或其酸酐的单体单元,
其中,单体a1)、a2)和a3)的重量%的数字合计为100重量%,并且单体单元b1)、b2)和b3)的重量%的数字合计为100重量%。
优选地,基于共聚单体的总重量,共聚a1)70至85重量%的乙酸乙烯酯。
优选地,基于共聚单体的总重量,共聚a2)15至28重量%的乙烯。
优选的烯属不饱和共聚单体a3)为在羧酸基团中具有3至12个碳原子的乙烯基酯,如丙酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯,具有9至13个碳原子的α-支链羧酸的乙烯基酯,如VeoVa9R或VeoValOR(Hexion的商品名)。还优选具有1至15个碳原子的直链或支链醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯,特别是丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯或甲基丙烯酸甲酯。还优选氯乙烯,烯属不饱和羧酸如丙烯酸,烯属不饱和磺酸及其盐,如乙烯基磺酸或2-丙烯酰胺基丙烷磺酸。
乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A)优选不包含任何N-羟甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺单元或N-(烷氧基甲基)(甲基)丙烯酰胺单元。
对于共聚物B),优选的单体单元b1)是由丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酰胺和/或马来酰胺酸,特别优选由丙烯酰胺获得的。优选共聚30至40重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和羧酰胺的单体单元b1)。优选的单体单元b2)是由丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸,特别优选由丙烯酸获得的。优选共聚30至40重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和一元羧酸的单体单元b2)。优选的单体单元b3)是由马来酸酐和/或马来酸,特别优选由马来酸酐获得的。优选共聚20至30重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和二元羧酸或其酸酐的单体单元b3)。
具有单体单元b1)、b2)和b3)的共聚物B)优选通过在水中自由基引发的聚合获得,在其完成后,共聚物处于水溶液中。然后将该溶液用于制备乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A)。
乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A)通过自由基引发的聚合生产。制备可以以本身已知的方式进行,例如通过悬浮聚合法,或优选通过在水中的乳液聚合法。聚合温度通常为20℃至120℃,并且该过程在压力下进行,通常为5bar至100bar。聚合可以用乳液聚合或悬浮聚合常用的水溶性或单体可溶性引发剂或氧化还原引发剂组合引发。作为还原剂,优选抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸或其盐,或无甲醛的还原剂,如2-羟基-2-亚磺酸基乙酸二钠盐(BruggoliteFF6)。优选过硫酸盐化合物和过氧化物化合物作为氧化剂,特别是铵或碱金属过硫酸盐或过氧化氢。优选使用的引发剂是不释放任何甲醛的物质,如甲醛次硫酸盐。
共聚物B)可以在开始聚合反应之前首先整体上全部加入,或者可以先加入一部分并且在聚合过程中计量加入其余部分。也可以以如下方式进行:在上游步骤中,在水溶液中类原位聚合共聚单体b1)、b2)和b3)以形成共聚物B),然后引发聚合以生产乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A)。基于共聚单体a1)、a2)和a3)的总重量,优选在0.5至15重量%(特别优选0.5至5重量%)的共聚物B)的存在下制备乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A)。根据本发明的粘合剂组合物的一个特别优点是,功能性共聚单体单元b1)、b2)和b3)在乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A)的生产中作为“预聚物”存在并因此以比与乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯共聚时可能的更大的量掺入到粘合剂组合物中。
基于共聚单体的总重量,聚合在优选1至10重量%的水解度在每种情形下为80至99摩尔%(优选85至90摩尔%,特别优选87至89摩尔%)的一种或多种聚乙烯醇的存在下进行的。聚乙烯醇在4%水溶液中的粘度优选为2至40mPas,优选2至15mPas(方法,20℃下,DIN 53015)。所提及的聚乙烯醇是可商购的,并且可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方法获得。
可选地,在聚合中还可以使用少量乳化剂,例如阴离子和/或非离子乳化剂,例如基于共聚单体的总重量,0.1至2.0重量%。阴离子乳化剂的例子是链长为8至18个碳原子的烷基硫酸盐、在疏水基团中具有8至18个碳原子和至多40个氧化乙烯或氧化丙烯单元的烷基或烷基芳基醚硫酸盐、具有8至18个碳原子的烷基或烷基芳基磺酸盐、磺基琥珀酸与一元醇的酯和半酯。非离子乳化剂的实例是具有2至20个氧化乙烯单元的乙氧基化度的C12-C14脂肪醇乙氧基化物。水性分散体的固含量通常为40至60重量%且优选为45至55重量%。水性分散液的布氏粘度优选为50至2000mPas,特别优选为100至1500mPas(使用布氏粘度计在23℃下在20rpm下使用固含量为49至51重量%的分散液测定)。
粘合剂组合物还可以包含一种或多种添加剂,例如乳化剂,如乙氧基化程度低(特别是2至5)的脂肪醇乙氧基化物、或磺基琥珀酸二异十三烷基酯或其盐,如钠盐。基于聚合物的干重,乳化剂的典型量为0至1重量%,优选0至0.6重量%。使用乳化剂,可以提高用此类粘合剂组合物完成的纺织织物的亲水性。
其它添加剂是酸性催化剂,如氯化铵、柠檬酸或硫酸。基于聚合物的干重,酸性催化剂的添加量通常为0至2重量%,优选0.1至1重量%。如果酸性催化剂是布朗斯台德酸,同样使用这些,使得pH优选为0至4,特别优选2至3。最优选地,在水性粘合剂组合物中不使用催化剂。
水性分散体形式的水性粘合剂组合物的固含量通常为35至65重量%,优选40至60重量%且特别优选为45至55重量%。
根据本发明的用于生产纺织织物的用途通常是通过使纤维与一种或多种根据本发明的水性粘合剂组合物接触然后将它们干燥来进行的。干燥优选在≤160℃的温度下进行,特别优选120至160℃且最优选140至160℃。
纤维通常基于天然或合成的材料,特别是有机材料。这些的实例是基于纤维形成聚合物的合成纤维,如纤维胶、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯和聚乙烯纤维。天然纤维材料的实例是木材、羊毛、棉花、黄麻、亚麻、大麻、椰子、苎麻、剑麻纤维并且尤其是纤维素纤维。纤维可以松散地使用,或者以束或编织的织物、纱线的形式使用,或者优选以无纺织物的形式使用,如起绒布(fleece)、粗布(scrim)或针织物。无纺织物可以可选地进行热或机械预固结,例如针刺。
纤维可以具有任何长度,优选5mm至100mm,特别优选7mm至75mm且最优选10mm至60mm。纤维可以具有常规直径,优选直径为0.1μm至1mm,特别优选0.5μm至100μm且最优选1μm至50μm。
为了生产纺织织物,在每种情况下基于纤维的总重量,水性粘合剂组合物的以优选1至50重量%,特别优选10至30重量%且最优选15至25重量%的量使用。在每种情况下基于纺织织物的总重量,纤维的比例优选为40至99重量%,特别优选为60至90重量%且最优选为70至80重量%。
为了生产纺织织物,程序可以使纤维在固结之前以薄片形式铺开。该方法是已知的,并且主要取决于使用固结的纤维材料的应用。纤维可以例如通过气流铺展、湿法铺展、直接纺丝或梳理设备铺设。可选地,在用粘合剂固结之前,也可以进行机械固结,例如通过交叉铺网、针刺或水射流固结。随后,可以将粘合剂组合物施加到铺设的纤维上,粘合剂组合物可以以面状、点状或图案形式施加。然后可以通过施加热和可选地施加压力来粘合纤维。
水性粘合剂组合物也适用于层压品的生产,将两个纤维层粘合在一起或将一个纤维层粘合至另一基材。可以以这样的方式进行:铺设一个纤维层,在铺设之后施加粘合剂组合物,并且例如通过气流铺展法将另一纤维层铺设在顶部。代替第二纤维层,也可以在其上布置另一基材,例如塑料膜。随后,通过加热和可选地施加压力来实现粘结。例如,此程序使得可以获得经耐久地覆盖有作为表面材料的纤维网的再生棉绝缘材料。
该粘合剂组合物还适合于生产蓬松的无纺织物或填絮,例如用作由纤维材料生产模制品的半成品或用作垫料、隔热和过滤填絮。为此,可以将粘合剂组合物施加到纤维上并通过升高温度来固结,优选在模制工具中。
根据本发明生产的纺织织物优选是无纺织物,特别是纸巾、毛毡、填絮或粗网、松散的纺织物或针织物。纺织织物可用于例如汽车行业,用于如桌布的家用产品,如卫生纸的卫生用品,用于服装工业,用于医用纺织品或土工织物。
具体实施方式
下列实施例用于进一步阐明本发明:
共聚物B)的水溶液的制备:
首先装入0.05g处于86g去离子水中的硫酸铁(II)铵,用氮气吹洗聚合反应器并加热至70℃。在90分钟中向反应器中计量加入处于208g去离子水中的81.8g的30重量%的丙烯酰胺水溶液、24.5g丙烯酸与13.6g马来酸酐的混合物。通过以6ml/h的速率计量加入1重量%过氧化氢水溶液和3.1重量%异抗坏血酸钠水溶液来开始反应,并且将该速率保持90分钟。获得固含量为约14重量%,具有39重量%丙烯酰胺单元、39重量%丙烯酸单元和22重量%马来酸单元的共聚物的水溶液。
实施例1:
在共聚物B)的存在下制备乙酸乙烯酯共聚物A)的水分散体:
在配有搅拌器和加热夹套的压力反应器中,首先装入400g水、4.1g水解度为88mol%且粘度为13mPas的聚乙烯醇、36.9g水解度为88mol%且粘度为4mPas的聚乙烯醇,并且加入0.5g柠檬酸和0.06g硫酸铁(II)铵。通过进一步添加柠檬酸将pH设置为4.1。随后,将反应器排空并用氮气吹洗。然后,加入591g乙酸乙烯酯,注入229.5g乙烯并且将混合物加热至32℃。
以5.6ml/h的计量速率各自计量加入1重量%过氧化氢水溶液和3.1重量%异抗坏血酸钠水溶液。同时,开始计量添加14重量%丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物B)的溶液,并且在150分钟过程中计量加入133g水溶液。聚合温度在50分钟内升至70℃。开始计量加入引发剂60分钟后,开始在138分钟中计量加入另外147g乙酸乙烯酯,并将乙烯压力维持在68bar,直到注入另外的58g乙烯。乙酸乙烯酯计量添加完成后,将引发剂计量添加的计量速率提高到15.4ml/h。在开始计量加入引发剂五个半小时后,终止聚合反应,并使用氨水溶液将pH调节至4.2。获得具有约53重量%固体含量的水分散体。
比较例2:
该程序类型于实施例1,不同之处在于在聚合过程中未添加133g的14%共聚物B)的溶液,而仅是在聚合完成之后计量加入到乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的水分散体中。
比较例3:
类似于申请号为PCT/EP2019/052740的PCT申请的实施例1,制备了基于共聚单体的总重量由10重量%的粘度为5mPas且水解度为88mol%的聚乙烯醇稳定的,由77重量%乙酸乙烯酯、21重量%乙烯、0.8重量%丙烯酰胺、0.8重量%丙烯酸和0.4重量%马来酸酐组成的共聚物的水分散体(固体含量约55%)。
比较例4:
类似于申请号为PCT/EP2019/052740的PCT申请的比较例5,制备了基于共聚单体的总重量由10重量%的粘度为5mPas且水解度为88mol%的聚乙烯醇稳定的,由78重量%乙酸乙烯酯、21.2重量%乙烯和0.8重量%N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺组成的共聚物的水分散体(固体含量约55%)。
气流铺展的无纺织物的湿强度值的测定:
使用半自动喷涂组件根据无气法(狭缝喷嘴Unijet 8001E;5bar),用喷雾液将用水稀释至固含量为20%的特定(比较)实施例的聚合物分散体均匀喷涂到热预粘结的气流铺展的起绒布(75g/m2;88%绒毛浆和12%PP/PE双组分纤维;0.85mm厚度)的两侧,然后在实验室通风干燥机(Mathis LTF;Mathis/CH)中在160℃下干燥3分钟(施用量:基于聚合物和起绒布的总重量,20重量%聚合物)。
对于每次拉伸强度测试,在与机器生产方向的横向方向上准备10片起绒布条(20cm夹持长度;5cm夹持长度)。为了测量湿拉伸强度,在测量之前,将条样品各自在水中储存1分钟。
根据DIN EN 29073(第3部分:无纺织物的测试方法,1992)和测试样品,通过在使用软件版本11.02(来自Zwick Roell)的1445测试机(100N称重传感器)上以夹持长度100±1mm、夹持宽度15±1mm和变形速度150mm/min下通过最大拉力测量来测定湿拉伸强度。
测试结果汇总在表1中。
表1:
实施例 | AA(%) | AAc(%) | MA(%) | NMA(%) | 湿强度(N/5cm)<sup>***</sup> |
实施例1 | 0.8* | 0.8* | 0.4* | 0.0 | 1353/1200 |
比较例2 | 0.8* | 0.8* | 0.4* | 0.0 | 734/616 |
比较例3 | 0.8** | 0.8** | 0.4** | 0.0 | 1170/1120 |
比较例4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8** | 1020/1570 |
*=作为共聚物B)
**=与乙酸乙烯酯和乙烯共聚
***=无催化剂/1%柠檬酸作为催化剂
实施例1与比较例3的比较表明,使用由丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸和马来酸单元组成的“预聚物”(共聚物B),与在共聚物中包含这些单体单元的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物(比较例3)相比,获得了强度值的改善。
实施例1与比较例2的比较表明,仅当在乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物的生产过程中在聚合混合物中存在共聚物B)(预聚物)时获得这种改善(实施例1),而随后添加其时则不能获得(比较例2)。
实施例1与比较例4的比较表明,即使没有交联NMA单元且甚至没有催化剂,用改进本发明的粘合剂仍获得了高的湿强度。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于粘合纤维的水性粘合剂组合物,包含通过在水性介质中在聚乙烯醇存在下以下的自由基引发聚合可获得的乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A):a1)60至94重量%的乙酸乙烯酯、a2)5至30重量%的乙烯和a3)0至20重量%的与它们可共聚的其它烯属不饱和共聚单体,其特征在于,所述聚合在共聚物B)的存在下进行,所述共聚物B)具有b1)20至50重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和羧酰胺的单体单元、b2)20至50重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和一元羧酸的单体单元、b3)20至50重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和二元羧酸或其酸酐的单体单元,其中单体a1)、a2)和a3)的重量%的数值合计为100重量%,并且单体单元b1)、b2)和b3)的重量%的数值合计为100重量%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水性粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,基于单体a1)、a2)和a3)的总重量,共聚a1)70至85重量%的乙酸乙烯酯。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的水性粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,基于单体a1)、a2)和a3)的总重量,共聚a2)15至28重量%的乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1至3所述的水性粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A)不包含任何N-羟甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺单元或N-(烷氧基甲基)(甲基)丙烯酰胺单元。
5.根据权利要求1至4所述的水性粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述共聚物B)包含来自包括丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺和马来酰胺酸的组的一种或多种单体的单体单元b1)。
6.根据权利要求1至5所述的水性粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述共聚物B)包含来自包括丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的组的一种或多种单体的单体单元b2)。
7.根据权利要求1至6所述的水性粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述共聚物B)包含来自包括马来酸酐和马来酸的组的一种或多种单体的单体单元b3)。
8.根据权利要求1至6所述的水性粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,基于共聚单体a1)、a2)和a3)的总重量,所述共聚物B)以0.5至15重量%共聚物B)的量存在。
9.一种用于生产权利要求1至8所述的水性粘合剂组合物的方法,通过在水性介质中在聚乙烯醇存在下以下的自由基引发聚合:a1)60至94重量%的乙酸乙烯酯、a2)5至30重量%的乙烯、a3)0至20重量%的与它们可共聚的其它烯属不饱和共聚单体,其特征在于,所述聚合在共聚物B)的存在下进行,所述共聚物B)具有b1)20至50重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和羧酰胺的单体单元、b2)20至50重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和一元羧酸的单体单元、b3)20至50重量%的衍生自烯属不饱和二元羧酸或其酸酐的单体单元,其中单体a1)、a2)和a3)的重量%的数值合计为100重量%,并且单体单元b1)、b2)和b3)的重量%的数值合计为100重量%。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于生产水性粘合剂组合物的方法,其特征在于,所述共聚物B)在所述聚合开始之前首先整体加入,或者首先加入一部分并且在所述聚合期间计量加入剩余部分。
11.根据权利要求9所述的用于生产水性粘合剂组合物的方法,其特征在于,在上游步骤中,在水溶液中原位聚合共聚单体b1)、b2)和b3)以形成所述共聚物B),然后引发聚合以生产所述乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯共聚物A)。
12.根据权利要求1至8所述的水性粘合剂组合物用于生产纺织织物的用途。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用途,其特征在于,使纤维与所述水性粘合剂组合物接触,然后干燥。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的用途,其特征在于,所述水性粘合剂组合物中不存在催化剂。
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- 2019-03-27 WO PCT/EP2019/057764 patent/WO2020192912A1/de unknown
- 2019-03-27 US US17/251,642 patent/US11866576B2/en active Active
- 2019-03-27 CN CN201980038847.XA patent/CN112262237B/zh active Active
- 2019-03-27 EP EP19714408.2A patent/EP3781741B1/de active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2020192912A1 (de) | 2020-10-01 |
EP3781741B1 (de) | 2023-05-03 |
CN112262237B (zh) | 2023-04-25 |
US20220002533A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
EP3781741A1 (de) | 2021-02-24 |
US11866576B2 (en) | 2024-01-09 |
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