CN112259757B - Membrane electrode sealing filler and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Membrane electrode sealing filler and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112259757B CN112259757B CN202011013869.1A CN202011013869A CN112259757B CN 112259757 B CN112259757 B CN 112259757B CN 202011013869 A CN202011013869 A CN 202011013869A CN 112259757 B CN112259757 B CN 112259757B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
- H01M8/0282—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
- H01M8/0284—Organic resins; Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0286—Processes for forming seals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a membrane electrode sealing filler and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of fuel cells; in order to solve the problem that the membrane electrode seal is easy to leak; the filler component comprises an ion conductor, carbon powder, additive powder and a thickening agent; the ionic conductor is perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer resin; the preparation method of the filler comprises the following steps: weighing carbon powder and an ionic conductor solution, adding the additive powder into a solvent, and dispersing by one or two of ultrasonic and mechanical stirring to prepare the prefabricated sealing filler, wherein the dispersion time is 0.2-3 h. The sealing filler is filled on the triangular air leakage point formed by the gas diffusion layer, the frame and the catalyst layer, and the carbon powder is used for effectively increasing the contact area of the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer and enhancing the conductivity because the sealing filler is composed of the ion conductor, the carbon powder, the additive powder and the thickening agent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a membrane electrode sealing filler and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell is a chemical device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, wherein the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has a category with the most application prospect in all the current fuel cell categories, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell takes hydrogen as anode fuel, air or oxygen as cathode oxidant, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency (40% -60%), normal working temperature, environment-friendly emission, high starting speed, long working life and the like, and under various application scenes, particularly in the aspects of automobile power, mobile power supply and the like, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has demonstration and commercial operation scales with a certain scale in the world range and is known as a power generation technology with the greatest development prospect.
The membrane electrode is an important key part of the fuel cell and consists of a CCM (proton exchange membrane with a catalytic layer), a frame and a gas diffusion layer, wherein hydrogen and air are respectively distributed on two sides of the membrane electrode through bipolar plate runners, and the gas passes through the gas diffusion layer to reach reaction sites on the catalytic layer to generate electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy. Because the hydrogen molecules have small diameters, the hydrogen molecules are easy to escape during flowing, which brings difficulty to the sealing of a fuel cell, particularly a membrane electrode, and air also needs good sealing property to prevent the air from leaking to generate a hydrogen-air interface at an anode, so that irreversible damage is generated to the membrane electrode, and even the performance of a galvanic pile is influenced.
The traditional membrane electrode sealing method comprises the steps that a frame with a hollowed center is bonded on two surfaces of a CCM, the frame is pressed on a proton exchange membrane larger than a catalyst layer, due to errors in the process, a certain gap exists between the frame and the catalyst layer, then four edges of a gas diffusion layer are glued with sealant, the frame is pressed on the frame, the thickness of a common frame is thicker than that of the catalyst layer, the CCM with the frame can form an inwards concave structure, the gas diffusion layer glued and bonded on the inwards concave structure through glue at the moment can also be inwards concave to a certain degree, triangular gas leakage points are formed at contact positions of the gas diffusion layer, the frame and the catalyst layer, and gas can reach the triangular gas leakage points when being diffused in the gas diffusion layer, so that the gas escapes out of the membrane electrode.
Through search, chinese patent publication No. CN106941182A discloses a membrane electrode sealing frame for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which employs a flat layer in epitaxial butt joint with a proton exchange membrane, wherein a protective layer, an adhesive layer, a gas diffusion layer and a sealing layer are respectively disposed on two sides of the flat layer, and the sealing property of the membrane electrode is improved by adding the protective layer. The above patents suffer from the following disadvantages: the method has complicated procedures, the height of the frame is obviously increased after the protective layer and the bonding layer are added, and the triangular air leakage points among the catalyst layer, the frame and the gas diffusion layer, which are generated by the height difference between the frame and the catalyst layer, cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a membrane electrode sealing filler and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a membrane electrode sealing filler comprises ion conductor, carbon powder, additive powder and thickener; the ion conductor is perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer resin, specificallyD520、D2020、D79、SS700C、One of SS900C, wherein the mass fraction of the ion conductor accounts for 2-10 wt% of the total solid content.
Preferably: the carbon powder is one or a mixture of at least two of conductive carbon black Vulcan XC72, conductive carbon black EC 300J and conductive carbon black EC 600J, and the mass fraction of the carbon powder accounts for 5-60 wt% of the total solid content.
Further: the additive powder is one of PP, PET and PE, and the mesh number of the powder is 200-2000 meshes; the mass fraction of the additive powder accounts for 20-40 wt% of the total solid content.
Further preferred is: the thickening agent is one of polyacrylic acid thickening agents and polyoxyethylene thickening agents, and the mass fraction of the thickening agent accounts for 0.5-10 wt% of the total solid content.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention: the membrane electrode comprises catalyst layers, frames, a proton exchange membrane and a gas diffusion layer, wherein frame bonding materials are filled between the frames and the catalyst layers, the proton exchange membrane is arranged between the two catalyst layers, and two filling areas are arranged at the two ends of the four frames and the proton exchange membrane; the filler is filled in the filling area.
Further preferred as the invention: and filling grooves are formed in one side, close to the filling area, of each of the two adjacent frames, and the filling agent is filled in the filling area and the filling grooves.
A preparation method of a membrane electrode sealing filler comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing carbon powder and an ionic conductor solution, adding additive powder into a solvent, and dispersing by one or two of ultrasonic and mechanical stirring to prepare a prefabricated sealing filler, wherein the dispersion time is 0.2-3 h;
s2: weighing a thickening agent, adding the thickening agent into a prefabricated sealing filler, dispersing by one or two of ultrasonic and mechanical stirring for 0.1-1 h to obtain a sealing filler base solution;
s3: drying the sealing filler base solution to obtain the sealing filler with the viscosity of 500000-1000000 mPas at 25 ℃;
s4: the sealant is dispensed in the filling area between the frames through the dispensing gun, the thickness is 20-300 um, and the filling of the gap is completed.
On the basis of the scheme: in the step S1, the solvent is one or a mixture of at least two of ethanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol, and the solvent is 2 to 20 times the mass of the preformed sealing filler.
On the basis of the foregoing scheme, it is preferable that: the drying process in the step S3 is as follows: and one of natural air drying, hot air drying and vacuum drying, wherein the treatment time is 0.3-4 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the sealing filler is filled on the triangular air leakage point formed by the gas diffusion layer, the frame and the catalyst layer, and the carbon powder is used for effectively increasing the contact area of the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer, reducing the contact resistance and enhancing the conductivity because the sealing filler is composed of the ion conductor, the carbon powder, the additive powder and the thickening agent.
2. According to the invention, the gas barrier additive is used, so that the gas tightness is improved, the gas escape is reduced, the hydrophobic effect is improved, the accumulation of moisture on a triangular gas leakage point is reduced, the effect of improving the output performance of the battery is achieved by combining with carbon powder, and the overall performance of the membrane electrode is improved.
3. According to the invention, the filling groove is arranged, so that the contact area between the sealing filler and the frame is extended, the filling of the filler is more compact and full, the hydrophobic and conductive performances are achieved at a high price, and the sealing effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a filling position of a membrane electrode sealing filler according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the filling position of a membrane electrode sealing filler according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of single cell polarization performance of the membrane electrode filled with the membrane electrode sealing filler prepared in example 3 and the traditional membrane electrode without the membrane electrode sealing filler.
In the figure: the membrane comprises a catalyst layer 1, a frame 2, a proton exchange membrane 3, a gas diffusion layer 4, a frame bonding material 5, a filling area 6 and a filling groove 7.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present patent, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present patent and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of describing the patent and for the simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the patent.
In the description of this patent, it is noted that unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "disposed" are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixedly connected, disposed, detachably connected, disposed, or integrally connected and disposed. The specific meaning of the above terms in this patent may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Example 1:
a membrane electrode sealing filler is shown in figure 1, and comprises ion conductor, carbon powder, additive powder and thickener; the ion conductor is perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer resin, specificallyD520、D2020、D79、SS700C、One of SS900C, wherein the mass fraction of the ion conductor accounts for 2-10 wt% of the total solid content.
The carbon powder is one or a mixture of at least two of conductive carbon black Vulcan XC72, conductive carbon black EC 300J and conductive carbon black EC 600J, and the mass fraction of the carbon powder accounts for 5-60 wt% of the total solid content.
The additive powder is one of PP, PET and PE, and the mesh number of the powder is 200-2000 meshes; the mass fraction of the additive powder accounts for 20-40 wt% of the total solid content.
The thickening agent is one of polyacrylic acid thickening agents and polyoxyethylene thickening agents, and the mass fraction of the thickening agent accounts for 0.5-10 wt% of the total solid content.
The filler is filled in the sealing position of the membrane electrode, the membrane electrode comprises catalyst layers 1, frames 2, a proton exchange membrane 3 and a gas diffusion layer 4, frame bonding materials 5 are filled between the frames 2 and the catalyst layers 1, the proton exchange membrane 3 is arranged between the two catalyst layers 1, and two filling areas 6 are arranged at the two ends of the four frames 2 and the proton exchange membrane 3; the filler is filled in the filling zone 6.
Example 2:
a membrane electrode sealing filler, as shown in fig. 2, for more compact filling; the present embodiment is modified from embodiment 1 as follows: and filling grooves 7 are formed in one sides, close to the filling areas 6, of the two adjacent frames 2, and the filling agents are filled in the filling areas 6 and the filling grooves 7.
When the filling device is used, the filling groove 7 is arranged, so that the filling agent can be filled more compactly and plump, and the sealing effect is improved.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a membrane electrode sealing filler comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing carbon powder and an ionic conductor solution, adding additive powder into a solvent, and dispersing by one or two of ultrasonic and mechanical stirring to prepare a prefabricated sealing filler, wherein the dispersion time is 0.2-3 h;
s2: weighing a thickening agent, adding the thickening agent into a prefabricated sealing filler, dispersing by one or two of ultrasonic and mechanical stirring for 0.1-1 h to obtain a sealing filler base solution;
s3: drying the sealing filler base solution to obtain the sealing filler with the viscosity of 500000-1000000 mPas at 25 ℃;
s4: the sealant is dispensed in the filling area 6 between the frames 2 through the dispensing gun, the thickness is 20-300 um, and the filling of the gap is completed.
In the step S1, the solvent is one or a mixture of at least two of ethanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol, and the solvent is 2 to 20 times the mass of the preformed sealing filler.
The drying process in the step S3 is as follows: and one of natural air drying, hot air drying and vacuum drying, wherein the treatment time is 0.3-4 h.
Experiment one: testing the performance of the battery;
A5X 5cm section was assembled according to the method of example 32Membrane electrode, and assembling single cell test; the comparison sample is a conventional membrane electrode which is traditionally filled and sealed for a gas leakage point, and the materials of the comparison sample and the gas leakage point are the same as the sample preparation method; the test conditions are that the temperature of the battery is 80 ℃, the humidity of the cathode and the anode is 100%, the stoichiometric ratio of the hydrogen/oxygen flow is 1.5/2.5, and the experimental result is shown in figure 3.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the current density of the membrane electrode using the membrane electrode sealing filler prepared in example 3 was 0 to 1000mA/cm2During the process, the power density of the battery is slightly improved and is about 0-25 mW/cm2When the current density is 1000 to 2000mA/cm2The power density of the battery is remarkably improved and is about 25-100 mW/cm2As can be seen from fig. 3, the battery performance improvement effect is positively correlated to the current density.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A membrane electrode sealing filler, whichIs characterized in that the components comprise an ion conductor, carbon powder, additive powder and a thickening agent; the ion conductor is perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer resin, specificallyD520、D2020、D79、SS700C、One of SS900C, wherein the mass fraction of the ion conductor accounts for 2-10 wt% of the total solid content;
the membrane electrode comprises catalyst layers (1), frames (2), a proton exchange membrane (3) and a gas diffusion layer (4), wherein frame bonding materials (5) are filled between the frames (2) and the catalyst layers (1), the proton exchange membrane (3) is arranged between the two catalyst layers (1), and two filling areas (6) are arranged at two ends of the four frames (2) and the proton exchange membrane (3); the filling agent is filled in the filling area (6); filling grooves (7) are formed in one sides, close to the filling areas (6), of the two adjacent frames (2), and the filling agents are filled in the filling areas (6) and the filling grooves (7);
the additive powder is one of PP, PET and PE, and the mesh number of the powder is 200-2000 meshes; the mass fraction of the additive powder accounts for 20-40 wt% of the total solid content.
2. The membrane electrode sealing filler as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon powder is one or a mixture of at least two of conductive carbon black Vulcan XC72, conductive carbon black EC 300J and conductive carbon black EC 600J, and the mass fraction of the carbon powder accounts for 5-60 wt% of the total solid content.
3. The membrane electrode sealing filler according to claim 1, wherein the thickener is one of polyacrylic acid thickener and polyoxyethylene thickener, and the mass fraction of the thickener is 0.5-10 wt% of the total solid content.
4. A method of making a membrane electrode seal filler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1: weighing carbon powder and an ionic conductor solution, adding additive powder into a solvent, and dispersing by one or two of ultrasonic and mechanical stirring to prepare a prefabricated sealing filler, wherein the dispersion time is 0.2-3 h;
s2: weighing a thickening agent, adding the thickening agent into a prefabricated sealing filler, dispersing by one or two of ultrasonic and mechanical stirring for 0.1-1 h to obtain a sealing filler base solution;
s3: drying the sealing filler base solution to obtain the sealing filler with the viscosity of 500000-1000000 mPas at 25 ℃;
s4: the sealing filler is dispensed in the filling area (6) between the frames (2) through a dispensing gun, the thickness is 20-300 um, and filling of the gap is completed.
5. The method for preparing a membrane electrode sealing filler according to claim 4, wherein in the step S1, the solvent is one or a mixture of at least two of ethanol, isopropanol and n-propanol, and the mass of the solvent is 2-20 times of that of the preformed sealing filler.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the drying process in step S3 is as follows: and one of natural air drying, hot air drying and vacuum drying, wherein the treatment time is 0.3-4 h.
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