CN112255132B - Method for measuring hardness of wolfberry fruits based on texture analyzer - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
A method for measuring hardness of fructus Lycii based on texture analyzer comprises designing three kinds of texture test experimental schemes of fructus Lycii with target deformation; preparing fresh wolfberry fruits for later use; preparing a stretching probe to perform physical property difference tests of fresh fruits of medlar under different deformation; parallel experiments are carried out on each group of experiments, and the results are analyzed by instrument software; designing a single destructive testing experimental scheme of the medlar, and analyzing the result by adopting an instrument software self-contained statistical algorithm; recording full-texture experimental data and single-failure test experimental data; and determining parameters for testing the hardness of the wolfberry fruits according to the analysis of the test data. The invention relates to a method for measuring hardness of Chinese wolfberry fruits, which can rapidly measure the hardness of different Chinese wolfberry fruits, classify the hardness of different Chinese wolfberry fruits, and establish an evaluation system of the hardness of different varieties of Chinese wolfberry fruits, thereby providing physical data support for breeding, fresh keeping and processing technology exploration of fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to the technical field of determination of fruit indexes of Chinese wolfberry, in particular to a method for determining hardness of Chinese wolfberry based on a texture analyzer.
The background technology is as follows:
the medlar belongs to the plants of the genus medlar of the family Solanaceae, and is an important medicinal plant resource in China. The wolfberry fruit is taken as a dried fruit, and the wolfberry fruit is considered to have the effects of nourishing liver, improving eyesight, clearing lung-heat, tonifying kidney in traditional medicine, and the modern clinical medicine also proves that the wolfberry fruit has the effects of resisting oxidation, resisting tumor, delaying aging, enhancing immunity, softening blood vessels, reducing blood fat and the like.
The fresh fruits of the medlar are berry fruits, have high water content and tender tissues, are extremely easy to rot and deteriorate due to mechanical damage and microorganism infection, and can change color after being placed for 2-3 days at normal temperature, so that the fruits are difficult to store and preserve. The respiration intensity is continuously increased and the hardness of the fruits is gradually reduced along with the gradual increase of the ripeness of the fruits after picking.
At present, fruit hardness is one of important indexes for measuring fruit quality, a series of changes can occur after fruit picking, including changes of respiration rate, contents, cell wall and other substances metabolism, wherein the most obvious changes are pectin changes, and pectin is subjected to hydrolysis reaction under the action of various enzymes, so that the cell wall is disintegrated, the fruit hardness is reduced, the shelf life is influenced, and the transportation, storage, processing and economic benefits of the fruit are greatly influenced.
The hardness is the capability of the material to locally resist the hard object from being pressed into the surface of the material or the capability of the solid to locally resist the invasion of the external object, is an index for comparing the hardness of various materials and reflects one comprehensive performance index of the elasticity, the plasticity, the strength, the toughness and the like of the material, and the main methods at present are a pressing-in type, a rebound type and a scoring method, and the mechanical meanings of hardness standards are different among different materials in different fields. During the ripening and storage period of fruit, the pectic acid is further produced through degrading protopectin into pectic acid to separate and disintegrate connected cells, so that the hardness of pulp is lowered sharply (see fruit ripening process), and calcium may prevent cell membrane from decomposing and delay cell structure disintegration to increase and maintain fruit hardness.
The prior art scheme is as follows: pulp hardness (kg/cm 2) was measured using a GY-1 type fruit durometer. Dividing the fruits into 4 parts of the top, the sun side, the shade side and the shoulder side of the fruits before measurement, peeling off the peel of the predicted part, slightly larger than the area of a sclerometer measuring head, vertically aligning the sclerometer measuring head with the test part, applying pressure until the specified part of the sclerometer measuring head is pressed into pulp, directly reading from a sclerometer dial, and then reducing a sclerometer reading pointer to measure the hardness of the next part.
The defects of the prior art measurement method are mainly shown in that: the diameter of the measuring head is larger, and fruit juice can splash into the instrument during measurement, so that friction resistance is increased, and measurement accuracy is affected.
The invention comprises the following steps:
in view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method for measuring the hardness of the fruit of Lycium barbarum based on a texture analyzer.
A method for measuring hardness of wolfberry fruits based on a texture analyzer comprises the following steps:
step one, designing three target deformation medlar full-texture test experimental schemes;
step two, preparing fresh wolfberry fruits for later use;
step three, preparing a probe to perform physical property difference tests of fresh fruits of medlar under different deformation;
step four, each group of experiments are carried out in parallel, and the results are analyzed by instrument software;
fifthly, designing a single destructive testing experimental scheme of the medlar, and analyzing the result by adopting an instrument software self-contained statistical algorithm;
step six, recording full-texture experimental data and single-failure test experimental data;
and step seven, according to analysis of test data, determining that the type of the probe for testing the hardness of the medlar fruits is probe TA/36R, the speed before the test is 1mm/s, the test speed is 1mm/s, the speed after the test is 1mm/s, the pressing deformation is 30%, and the triggering force is 5g.
Preferably, in the first step, the three target deformations are a first deformation, a second deformation and a third deformation, the first deformation is a 30% medlar full texture test, the second deformation is a 40% medlar full texture test, and the third deformation is a 50% medlar full texture test.
Preferably, in the third step, the probe is a TA/36R probe, and tensile hardness test is carried out; in the fourth step, 5 groups of parallel experiments are carried out on each group of experiments, and the probes are respectively TA/2 and TA/2N, TA/36R for hardness test; in step four, 5 parallel experiments were performed for each set of experiments.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the single destructive test experiment adopts a first probe and a second probe, the two probes are used for performing puncture experiments on the fresh wolfberry fruits, a third probe is used for performing pressing deformation on the fresh wolfberry fruits to 80% destructive experiments, each group of experiments is performed in parallel with 5 groups, the results are analyzed through a software analysis system, the first probe is a probe TA/2, the second probe is a probe TA/2N, and the third probe is a TA/36R cylindrical probe.
Preferably, in the sixth step, full-texture experimental data is recorded, the data includes a medlar fruit sample number, a sample height corresponding to a corresponding number sample, a sample hardness corresponding to a corresponding number sample, a sample elasticity corresponding to a corresponding number sample, a sample chewing elasticity corresponding to a corresponding number sample, a sample cohesiveness corresponding to a corresponding number sample, and a sample restorability corresponding to a corresponding number sample;
recording single damage test experimental data, wherein the data comprise numbers of medlar fruit samples, maximum positive compression stress values of samples corresponding to the corresponding numbered samples, first compression stress peaks of the samples corresponding to the corresponding numbered samples, and displacement amounts of the first compression stress peaks of the samples corresponding to the corresponding numbered samples.
Preferably, in the seventh step, according to the recorded full-texture experimental data and single-time damage test experimental data of the medlar fruits, performing variation coefficient analysis on five groups of horizontal data under the same group of compression amount to obtain a data discrete degree graph; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a single pressing destructive experiment on the wolfberry fruit, carrying out destructive operation on the wolfberry fruit, wherein in the pressing movement process of a probe, the sample is broken, the appearance of the first peak represents the breaking of the sample, the hardness of the probe penetrating through the epidermis of the sample, and the displacement of the first peak represents the easy breaking degree of the sample, and the brittleness of the sample is represented.
In the present invention, pulp hardness sensory is defined as the maximum force with which a tooth squeezes a sample, meaning the maximum pulp hardness; the instrument measurement is defined as the peak of maximum force in N, the pressure that can be sustained per unit area of the surface of the fruit, the resistance of the pulp when it is pressed, and its size is mainly determined by the pectin content of the pulp cell wall.
The invention relates to a method for measuring hardness of Chinese wolfberry fruits, which can rapidly measure the hardness of different Chinese wolfberry fruits, classify the hardness of different Chinese wolfberry fruits, and establish an evaluation system of the hardness of different varieties of Chinese wolfberry fruits, thereby providing physical data support for breeding, fresh keeping and processing technology exploration of fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits.
Description of the drawings:
in order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a full texture curve of Lycium barbarum;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the degree of variation of the coefficient of variation of physical property data under different compression amounts;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a probe TA/2 cylindrical probe penetration test curve;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a probe TA/2N needle type probe penetration experiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single depression texture curve of a probe TA/36R needle type probe;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the degree of variation of the coefficient of variation of the physical property data under the test probe.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The present invention provides the following specific examples.
A method for measuring hardness of wolfberry fruits based on a texture analyzer comprises the following steps:
step one, designing three target deformation medlar full-texture test experimental schemes;
step two, preparing fresh wolfberry fruits for later use;
step three, preparing a stretching probe to perform physical property difference tests of fresh fruits of medlar under different deformation;
step four, each group of experiments are carried out in parallel, and the results are analyzed by instrument software;
fifthly, designing a single destructive testing experimental scheme of the medlar, and analyzing the result by adopting an instrument software self-contained statistical algorithm;
step six, recording full-texture experimental data and single-failure test experimental data;
and step seven, according to analysis of test data, determining that the type of the probe for testing the hardness of the medlar fruits is probe TA/36R, the speed before the test is 1mm/s, the test speed is 1mm/s, the speed after the test is 1mm/s, the pressing deformation is 30%, and the triggering force is 5g.
In the first step, the three kinds of target deformation are respectively a first deformation, a second deformation and a third deformation, wherein the first deformation is a 30% medlar full-texture test, the second deformation is a 40% medlar full-texture test, and the third deformation is a 50% medlar full-texture test.
In the third step, the probe is a TA/36R probe, and hardness test is carried out; in step four, 5 parallel experiments were performed for each set of experiments.
In the fifth step, a first probe and a second probe are respectively adopted in a single destructive test experiment, puncture experiments are carried out on medlar fruits by the two probes, pressing deformation is carried out on fresh medlar fruits by a third probe to obtain 80% destructive experiments, 5 groups of experiments are carried out in parallel, the results are analyzed through software analysis communication, the first probe is a probe TA/2, the second probe is a probe TA/2N, and the third probe is a TA/36R cylindrical probe.
In the sixth step, recording full-texture experimental data, wherein the data comprises medlar fruit sample numbers, sample heights corresponding to corresponding numbered samples, sample hardness corresponding to corresponding numbered samples, sample elasticity corresponding to corresponding numbered samples, sample chewing elasticity corresponding to corresponding numbered samples, sample cohesiveness corresponding to corresponding numbered samples and sample restorability corresponding to corresponding numbered samples;
recording single damage test experimental data, wherein the data comprise numbers of medlar fruit samples, maximum positive compression stress values of samples corresponding to the corresponding numbered samples, first compression stress peaks of the samples corresponding to the corresponding numbered samples, and displacement amounts of the first compression stress peaks of the samples corresponding to the corresponding numbered samples.
In the seventh step, according to the recorded full-texture experimental data and single-damage experimental data of the medlar fruits, carrying out variation coefficient analysis on five groups of horizontal data under the same group of compression amount to obtain a data discrete degree graph; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a single pressing destructive experiment on the wolfberry fruit, carrying out destructive operation on the wolfberry fruit, wherein in the pressing movement process of a probe, the sample is broken, the appearance of the first peak represents the breaking of the sample, the hardness of the probe penetrating through the epidermis of the sample, and the displacement of the first peak represents the easy breaking degree of the sample, and the brittleness of the sample is represented.
In the present invention, fruit firmness is the resistance of a fruit when it is under pressure.
The defects of the prior art measurement method are mainly shown in that: the diameter of the measuring head is larger, and fruit juice can splash into the instrument during measurement, so that friction resistance is increased, and measurement accuracy is affected.
The invention aims to provide a measuring method which can measure the hardness of fruits accurately and is easy to operate and provides data support for measuring the hardness change of the fruits.
The present invention provides the following preferred embodiments:
the method is characterized in that a medlar full-texture test experimental scheme with target deformation of 30%,40% and 50% is designed, a probe is a TA/36R probe, each group of experiments is conducted in parallel with 5 groups, and the results are analyzed by using an instrument software self-contained statistical algorithm. The method is named as follows: the TPA test of fresh wolfberry fruits comprises the following experimental types: testing the whole texture; the speed before testing was set as: 1.00mm/s; the test speed is set as follows: 1.00mm/s; the post-test speed was set as: 1.0mm/s; the test types are as follows: pressing down; the test target mode is set as follows: deformation, setting the trigger point type as follows: force; the trigger point value is set as: 5.000gf;
in order to explore the physical property difference of single-particle fresh fruits of medlar, a single destructive test experimental scheme of medlar is designed, puncture experiments are carried out on the probes by designing a first probe to be TA/2 and a second probe to be TA/2N, and a third probe TA/36R cylindrical probe is used for carrying out a push-down deformation experiment on fresh fruits of medlar to be 80%. Carrying out 5 groups of experiments in parallel, and analyzing results by using an instrument software self-contained statistical algorithm;
the puncture test parameters are specifically set as follows: the method is named as follows: puncturing experiments of fresh fruits of Chinese wolfberry; experiment type: single test; speed before test: 1.00mm/s; the test speed is set as follows: 1.00mm/s; the post-test speed was set as: 1.00mm/s; test type: pressing down; target mode: displacement; target value: 8.000mm; trigger point type: force; trigger point value: 3.000gf;
the single-time pressing test parameters are specifically set as follows: the method comprises the following steps: fresh fruits of Chinese wolfberry; experiment type: single test; speed before test: 1.00mm/s; the test speed is set as follows: 1.00mm/s; the post-test speed was set as: 1.00mm/s; test type: pressing down; target mode: deformation; target value: 80%; trigger point type: force; trigger point value: 3.000gf;
the experimental data of the full texture obtained after the setting of the test parameters are as follows:
TABLE 1 full texture values
Table 2, puncture test data
Data analysis was performed on the above experiments:
full texture experimental data analysis
1) Full texture data of different deformation amounts are carried out on fresh fruits of Chinese wolfberry, experimental data are shown in table 1, and texture curves are shown in fig. 1. And carrying out variation coefficient analysis on five groups of horizontal data under the same group of compression quantity to obtain a data discrete degree chart shown in figure 2.
2) According to Table 1, the hardness, elasticity, chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness and recovery of the fresh fruits of Lycium barbarum can be obtained by performing the full texture test on the fresh fruits of Lycium barbarum.
3) According to fig. 1, the texture curve was smooth at 30% deformation, which indicates that the sample remained intact during the experiment; when the deformation amount is 40%, a remarkable inflection point appears on the texture curve of one group of samples, which indicates that the yield point appears in the process of pressing down one group of samples, and the inside of the samples is damaged; at a deformation of 50%, a plurality of peaks appear in the texture curves of the samples, which indicates that the samples are significantly broken at a depression of 50%. According to the analysis chart of the discrete degree of the data shown in fig. 2, the variation coefficient of the texture data with the deformation amount of 30% is relatively smaller, and the variation coefficient of the texture data with the deformation amount of 50% is relatively larger, which shows that when the full texture experiment is carried out on fresh fruits of Chinese wolfberry, the sample shows more stable physical data with the deformation amount of 30%.
4.2.2 analysis of Single experiment data
1) A single downward pressure destructive experiment was performed on fresh wolfberry fruits, and experimental data are shown in Table 2. The texture curves are shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5.
2) The method has the advantages that the fresh wolfberry fruits are destructive, and the samples are broken in the process of pressing down the probe. The appearance of the first peak represents the rupture of the sample, and in the test process of the TA/2 and TA/2N probes, the appearance of the first peak represents the penetration of the probe through the sample epidermis, and the appearance of the first peak can represent the hardness of the sample epidermis; the displacement of the first peak value can be used for representing the cracking degree of the sample and the brittleness of the sample.
3) As can be seen from the degree of variation of the data variation coefficient of fig. 6, the degree of variation of the data tested by the probe TA/2 is smaller; the experimental data of the probe TA/2N test are large in difference, and the data dispersion degree is high. The data of the TA/2 probe test are more stable in the single destructive downloading test of the individual fresh wolfberry fruits, and the surface hardness and the easily broken degree of the fresh wolfberry fruits can be obtained by performing a puncture test on the fresh wolfberry fruits through the TA/2 probe, so that the texture data can be used for evaluating the freshness of the fresh wolfberry fruits.
According to the design of the experimental scheme, the optimal experimental scheme for TPA full-texture experiment on fresh wolfberry fruits can be obtained, and the probe TA/36R is adopted, so that experimental parameters are set as follows: the speed before the experiment is 1mm/s, the experiment speed is 1mm/s, the speed after the experiment is 1mm/s, the pressing deformation is 30%, the trigger force is 5g, and the full-texture physical property analysis can be carried out on fresh fruits of Chinese wolfberry.
The experimental data are analyzed by adopting different probes to perform single-time downward-pressing destructive experiments on fresh fruits of the Chinese wolfberry, and the optimal experimental scheme for exploring the single-particle physical properties of the fresh fruits of the Chinese wolfberry can be obtained, wherein the experimental scheme comprises the following steps: the probe TA/2, the speed before experiment is 1mm/s, the experiment speed is 1mm/s, the speed after experiment is 1mm/s, the pressing target value is 8mm, and the triggering force is 3g.
The experimental parameters were set as follows: adopting a probe TA/36R; the experimental speed was set as follows: the speed before the experiment is 1mm/s, the speed after the experiment is 1mm/s, the pressing deformation is 30%, and the triggering force is 5g.
1) The method has high sensitivity and objectivity when measuring the hardness of the fruits, and has accurate data, avoids the interference of human factors and more objectively evaluates the texture condition of the fruits.
2) In the measuring process, the invention can make accurate expression of data according to the physical property characteristics of the sample, and has simple and convenient operation.
3) The invention has high precision, stable performance, firmness and durability and flexible detection mode in the measurement process.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring hardness of wolfberry fruits based on a texture analyzer is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method for measuring the hardness of the wolfberry fruits based on the texture analyzer comprises the following steps:
step one, designing three target deformation medlar full-texture test experimental schemes;
step two, preparing fresh wolfberry fruits for later use;
step three, preparing a stretching probe to perform physical property difference tests of fresh fruits of medlar under different deformation;
step four, each group of experiments are carried out in parallel, and the results are analyzed by instrument software;
fifthly, designing a single destructive testing experimental scheme of the medlar, and analyzing the result by adopting an instrument software self-contained statistical algorithm;
step six, recording full-texture experimental data and single-failure test experimental data;
step seven, according to test data analysis, determining that the type of a probe for testing the hardness of the medlar fruits is probe TA/36R, the speed before the experiment is 1mm/s, the experiment speed is 1mm/s, the speed after the experiment is 1mm/s, the pressing deformation is 30%, and the triggering force is 5g;
in the first step, three kinds of target deformation are respectively a first deformation, a second deformation and a third deformation, wherein the first deformation is a 30% medlar full-texture test, the second deformation is a 40% medlar full-texture test, and the third deformation is a 50% medlar full-texture test;
in the third step, the probe is a TA/36R probe, and hardness test is carried out; in the fourth step, 5 groups of parallel experiments are carried out on each group of experiments;
in the fifth step, a first probe and a second probe are respectively adopted in a single destructive test experiment, puncture experiments are carried out on medlar fruits by the two probes, pressing deformation is carried out on fresh medlar fruits by a third probe to obtain 80% destructive experiments, 5 groups of experiments are parallel, the results are analyzed by a software analysis system, the first probe is a probe TA/2, the second probe is a probe TA/2N, and the third probe is a TA/36R cylindrical probe;
in the sixth step, recording full-texture experimental data, wherein the data comprises medlar fruit sample numbers, sample heights corresponding to corresponding numbered samples, sample hardness corresponding to corresponding numbered samples, sample elasticity corresponding to corresponding numbered samples, sample chewing elasticity corresponding to corresponding numbered samples, sample cohesiveness corresponding to corresponding numbered samples and sample restorability corresponding to corresponding numbered samples;
recording single damage test experimental data, wherein the data comprise numbers of medlar fruit samples, maximum positive compression stress values of samples corresponding to the corresponding numbered samples, first compression stress peaks of the samples corresponding to the corresponding numbered samples, and displacement amounts of the first compression stress peaks of the samples corresponding to the corresponding numbered samples;
in the seventh step, according to the recorded full-texture experimental data and single-damage experimental data of the medlar fruits, carrying out variation coefficient analysis on five groups of horizontal data under the same group of compression amount to obtain a data discrete degree graph; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a single pressing destructive experiment on the wolfberry fruit, carrying out destructive operation on the wolfberry fruit, wherein in the pressing movement process of a probe, the sample is broken, the appearance of a first peak represents the broken appearance of the sample, the hardness of the probe penetrating through the epidermis of the sample, and the displacement of the first peak represents the easy broken degree of the sample, and the brittleness of the sample is represented;
the method can rapidly measure the hardness of different Chinese wolfberry fruits, classify the hardness of different Chinese wolfberry fruits, and establish an evaluation system of the hardness of different varieties of Chinese wolfberry fruits, thereby providing physical data support for breeding, fresh keeping and processing technology exploration of fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits.
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| CN101011643A (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2007-08-08 | 福建医科大学 | Continuous free flow electrophoresis device composed of a plurality of specific sub-chambers separated by films |
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| CN104062223A (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-24 | 华中农业大学 | Determination method of citrus chewiness |
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