CN112254840A - Optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure - Google Patents

Optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure Download PDF

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CN112254840A
CN112254840A CN202011230947.3A CN202011230947A CN112254840A CN 112254840 A CN112254840 A CN 112254840A CN 202011230947 A CN202011230947 A CN 202011230947A CN 112254840 A CN112254840 A CN 112254840A
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optical fiber
fiber
core
magnetic field
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刘月明
涂帆
冯森林
王兆香
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China Jiliang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
    • G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
    • G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
    • G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect

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Abstract

The invention provides an optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring a magnetic field and temperature based on an STS structure, which comprises a broadband light source (1), an optical fiber circulator (2), a sensing probe (3), a first signal processing module (4) and a second signal processing module (5), wherein the sensing probe (3) takes a thin core optical fiber with a cladding surface plated with a silver film as a sensitive unit, FBGs (fiber Bragg gratings) are engraved on the thin core optical fiber by a phase mask method, and finally single mode fibers are welded at two ends of the thin core optical fiber without core deviation to form a single mode-thin core-single mode (STS) structure. The sensor can realize double-parameter measurement, utilizes the surface plasma resonance effect and the refractive index adjustable characteristic of the magnetic fluid to detect the drift of the SPR resonance peak so as to realize the measurement of a magnetic field, utilizes the thermal expansion property of the grating and the sensitivity enhancement property of the metal film to detect the drift amount of the central wavelength of the fiber grating so as to realize the measurement of temperature, and carries out temperature compensation on the measurement of the magnetic field.

Description

Optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to an optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring a magnetic field and temperature based on an STS structure.
Background
The optical fiber magnetic field sensor has the outstanding advantages of small volume, corrosion resistance, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, convenience for distributed multi-point detection, full-optical transmission and the like, and becomes a research hotspot in the field of magnetic field sensing. There are many types of magnetic field sensors based on optical fibers, such as a magnetic field sensor based on a fiber grating structure, a magnetic field sensor based on an F-P interference structure, a magnetic field sensor based on an evanescent wave mechanism, and a magnetic field sensor based on surface plasmon resonance, and the like, and can be applied to different occasions according to different sensing performances. The surface plasma resonance optical fiber refractive index sensor is a sensor for measuring the environmental refractive index by using the resonance effect generated by the excited evanescent wave and the plasma on the metal surface. Compared with other types of optical fiber sensors, the optical fiber SPR sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, electromagnetic interference resistance, high response speed, small volume and the like, can adapt to various severe sensing environments, and is widely researched and developed in the fields of temperature measurement, biochemical research, water quality detection and the like. The magnetic field is measured by using a magnetic sensitive material for encapsulation, the used magnetic sensitive material is generally magnetic fluid, and the magnetic fluid is also called magnetic liquid, ferromagnetic fluid or magnetic liquid and is a colloidal solution formed by uniformly dispersing magnetic nanoparticles in base carrier liquid under the wrapping effect of a surface active agent. The magnetic fluid has the liquidity of liquid and the magnetism of solid magnetic substances, and also has rich optical properties such as thermal lens effect, magneto-induced birefringence effect, adjustable refractive index and the like.
Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) are widely introduced in the fields of civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, composite materials, medicine, electric power, aerospace and the like as passive devices with the advantages of high sensitivity, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, no influence of strong light fluctuation, good insulativity and the like, and remarkable research results are obtained. Because the main component of the optical fiber is SiO2The FBG is fine and fragile, and is easy to damage in practical application, and in order to protect the FBG from damage and improve the temperature sensitivity of the fiber grating, the fiber grating is generally plated with a metal film by adopting methods such as chemical plating, electroplating and the like.
The optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring the magnetic field and the temperature based on the STS structure realizes the simultaneous measurement of the double parameters of the magnetic field and the temperature by utilizing the adjustable magneto-refractive index characteristic of the magnetic fluid and the thermal expansion characteristic of the metalized optical fiber grating, has the temperature self-compensation capability and improves the precision of the magnetic field measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above mentioned problems, the present invention provides a design scheme of an optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure, which can realize dual-parameter measurement of magnetic field and temperature.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an optical fiber SPR sensor based on STS structure measurement magnetic field and temperature, includes broadband light source (1), optic fibre circulator (2), sensing probe (3), first signal detection module (4), second signal detection module (5), its characterized in that: the length of the sensing probe (3) is 8-10 mm, the sensing probe comprises a first single-mode fiber (3-1), a silver metal film (3-2), a magnetic fluid (3-3), a cladding corrosion-treated thin-core fiber (3-4), a quartz glass tube (3-5) and a second single-mode fiber (3-6), the cladding diameter of the thin-core fiber (3-4) is 85um, the fiber core diameter is 4um, the length is 6mm, the left end and the right end of the thin-core fiber (3-4) are respectively subjected to non-eccentric fusion with the first single-mode fiber (3-1) and the second single-mode fiber (3-6), a magnetic control fiber grating is etched on the thin-core fiber (3-4) through a phase mask method, the silver metal film (3-2) is plated on the thin-core fiber (3-4) through a magnetic control sputtering method to obtain the magnetic control fiber, the length of a coated film is 6mm, the thickness of the coated film is 30-50nm, the inner diameter of the quartz glass tube (3-4) is 135 microns, the outer diameter of the quartz glass tube is 500 microns, the length of the coated film is 6.5mm, the magnetofluid (3-3) is filled into the quartz glass tube (3-5) through capillary action, two ends of the quartz glass tube (3-5) are sealed and fixed through epoxy resin, the sensor detects SPR formant drift by utilizing the surface plasma resonance effect and the refractive index adjustable characteristic of the magnetofluid so as to realize measurement of a magnetic field, detects the drift of the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating by utilizing the thermal expansibility of the grating and the sensibility of the metal film so as to realize measurement of temperature, and carries out temperature compensation on the measurement of.
The broadband light source (1) adopts a dual-wavelength light source and is formed by combining the working wavelengths of 540nm/740nm and 1520nm/1580 nm.
The first single-mode fiber (3-1) and the second single-mode fiber (3-6) have a fiber core diameter of 9um, a refractive index of 1.4612, a cladding diameter of 125um, and a refractive index of 1.4561.
The core refractive index of the thin-core optical fiber (3-4) is 1.4783, and the cladding refractive index is 1.4721.
When light emitted by the light source enters a fiber core of the first single-mode fiber at a certain angle for transmission, when the light is transmitted to the tail end of the first single-mode fiber, due to mismatching of the single-mode fiber and the fiber core of the thin-core fiber, a part of light can leak into a cladding of the thin-core fiber, when the light is transmitted to a junction of the thin-core fiber and the silver film, total reflection occurs, a strong evanescent field is formed, and generated evanescent waves can permeate the silver film to reach an interface of the silver film and the magnetic fluid, so that plasma waves (SPW) on the surface of the silver film are excited. SPR resonance absorption occurs when the wave vectors of the evanescent wave and the SPW match. When SPR phenomenon occurs, energy of a certain fixed wavelength corresponding to the spectrum can be absorbed, an obvious resonance peak appears on an output spectrum, energy loss caused by SPR resonance changes along with the refractive index of a medium to be detected, when an external magnetic field changes, the refractive index of the magnetic fluid close to the surface of the metal thin film changes, and the position of the resonance peak also changes, so that the magnetic field can be detected by detecting the drift amount of the SPR resonance peak.
When the surface plasmon wave matches the evanescent wave:
kspw＝kx
Figure BDA0002765180090000021
when a broadband light source is transmitted in the FBG, mode coupling occurs, and light satisfying specific conditions is reflected:
λB＝2neffΛ
in the formula neffIs the effective refractive index of the Bragg fiber grating, and Λ is the period of the Bragg fiber gratingBThe center resonant wavelength. Silver for exciting SPR resonanceThe metal film plays a role in sensitization, when the external temperature changes, the silver metal film expands with heat and contracts with cold, the thermal expansion coefficient of the sensor is increased, the period of the fiber Bragg grating is changed, the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating is moved, and the temperature change is calculated by detecting the drift amount of the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg grating.
When the temperature and the magnetic field act together, the change of the magnetic field causes the change of the refractive index of the magnetic fluid, thereby influencing the drift of an SPR (surface plasmon resonance) resonant peak, simultaneously, the change of the temperature can also influence the change of the refractive index of the magnetic fluid and can also influence the drift of the resonant peak, and the change of the measured magnetic field is calculated by detecting the drift amount of the spectrum. However, the fiber grating does not respond to the external magnetic field change and only responds to the temperature change. When the external temperature changes, the fiber grating has thermal expansion and the sensitivity enhancement of a silver film on the surface of the grating, the fiber grating is axially stretched due to the temperature change, the period of the fiber grating is changed, the central wavelength of the grating is moved, the drift amount of the central wavelength of the fiber grating is detected to calculate the temperature change, the temperature compensation is further carried out on the magnetic field measurement, and the influence of the temperature on the magnetic field measurement is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a sensing structure after capillary glass tube encapsulation in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the detection of an optical fiber SPR sensor based on STS structure for measuring magnetic field and temperature according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following will further describe an embodiment of the present invention with reference to fig. 1.
The invention relates to an optical fiber SPR sensor capable of detecting a magnetic field and measuring the magnetic field and the temperature based on an STS structure, which comprises the following specific implementation steps:
light emitted by the broadband light source is transmitted to the sensing probe through the light circulator, when the light is transmitted to the tail end of the first single-mode fiber, due to the fact that the fiber core of the first single-mode fiber is mismatched with the fiber core of the thin-core fiber, a part of light can leak to the cladding of the thin-core fiber, when the light is transmitted to the junction of the thin-core fiber and the silver film, total reflection occurs, a strong evanescent field is formed, generated evanescent waves can penetrate into the silver film to reach the interface of the silver film and the magnetic fluid, and therefore plasma waves (SPW) on the surface of the silver film are excited. SPR resonance absorption occurs when the wave vectors of the evanescent wave and the SPW match. And a part of light is transmitted in the fiber core continuously, the light with the specific wavelength is reflected by the fiber grating and returns to the circulator and is received by the first signal processing module, the light transmitted by the fiber grating is transmitted to the second single-mode fiber, and finally the required data is demodulated by the second signal processing module. The change of the fiber bragg grating reflection spectrum is shown as the drift of the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating, and the temperature change is calculated by detecting the drift amount of the central wavelength; the SPR resonance spectrum change is shown as the shift of a resonance peak, and the magnetic field intensity change is demodulated by detecting the shift amount of the resonance peak.
The method comprises the following steps: optical fiber grating inscription
Firstly, turning on an argon ion laser, adjusting the light output power to 100mw, and waiting for 5 minutes to stabilize the light output of the laser. And then selecting a thin-core optical fiber with proper length and high germanium content, scraping the coating layer of the thin-core optical fiber by using a wire stripper, cleaning and removing residual scraps in the coating layer area by using alcohol for multiple times, and straightening the optical fiber by using an optical fiber clamp and ensuring that the optical fiber is parallel to the phase mask plate and is about 1mm below the mask area. And after multiple reflections, the laser forms interference light through the phase mask plate, and finally the one-dimensional displacement platform is controlled by a computer to move at a constant speed, so that the interference light can enable the optical fiber to be continuously exposed, and the optical fiber Bragg grating is prepared.
Step two: corrosion treatment of cladding of fine-core optical fiber
Fixing the thin-core optical fiber on an optical platform by using a clamp, and removing a cladding of the thin-core optical fiber by wet etching, wherein a hydrofluoric acid solution with the concentration of 40% is specifically selected. Before corrosion, a piece of polyethylene sheet is fixed on a three-dimensional adjusting frame in the center of an optical platform, a few drops of hydrofluoric acid solution are dropped on the polyethylene sheet, and the hydrofluoric acid solution drops are accurately placed under the fine-core optical fiber by adjusting the three-dimensional adjusting frame. And then lifting the three-dimensional adjusting frame to enable the hydrofluoric acid to immerse the thin-core optical fiber. The size of the specific corrosion area can be controlled by controlling the size of hydrofluoric acid liquid drops and the height of the three-dimensional adjusting frame, and the corrosion length is 6 mm.
Step three: silver coating on cladding of fine-core optical fiber
Taking a thin core optical fiber with a proper length and processed, plating a silver film on an optical fiber cladding by a magnetron sputtering method, plating films for four times, adjusting a sample frame after each film plating to enable a sensing probe to rotate 90 degrees, and finally achieving the purpose of uniform film plating. The length of the plated film is 6mm, and the thickness of the silver film is 30-50 μm.
Step four: optical fiber end face pretreatment
The end face of the processed thin core optical fiber is cut flat by an optical fiber cutting machine, two pieces of common single mode optical fibers are properly taken, one ends of the two pieces of common single mode optical fibers are scraped to remove a coating layer by a wire stripping pliers, the end face of the single mode optical fiber with the coating layer removed is cut flat by an optical fiber cutting machine, and then an ultrasonic cleaning machine is used for cleaning the optical fiber grating and the single mode optical fibers.
Step five: manufacturing SMF-TCF-SMF (STS) sensing structure
And (3) placing the two processed sections of single-mode fibers and the thin-core fibers into an optical fiber fusion splicer, and carrying out manual non-core-shifting fusion splicing according to an STS structure.
Step six: magnetic fluid filled in capillary glass tube
The method comprises the following steps of cleaning a capillary glass tube by alcohol, dripping magnetic fluid on any end face of the capillary glass tube, filling the whole tube cavity with the magnetic fluid through capillary action, and cleaning residual magnetic fluid at the opening of the tube by the alcohol.
Step seven: packaging of sensors
And horizontally fixing the filled capillary glass tube on a clamp between two three-dimensional adjusting platforms, fixing STS on the three-dimensional adjusting platform at the left end, and roughly adjusting the positions of the STS and the capillary glass tube. And then moving the microscope to the left end face of the capillary glass tube, slowly moving the STS, staying at a distance close to the left end face of the capillary glass tube, and performing fine adjustment alignment. Then, the optical fiber is slowly inserted into the tube opening, and the STS is slowly pushed into the capillary glass tube until the capillary just covers the thin-core optical fiber, and finally, the left and right end faces of the capillary glass tube are sealed and fixed by epoxy resin.
Step eight: and cleaning and airing the whole sensing probe.
The basic principle of the invention is as follows: the sensing structure can realize double-parameter measurement of temperature and a magnetic field, the FBG is only modulated by the temperature, the FBG is axially stretched due to the temperature change and the sensitivity enhancement of the metal film, the period of the fiber grating is changed due to the temperature change, so that the central wavelength of the fiber grating is moved, and the drift amount of the central wavelength of the fiber grating is detected to calculate the temperature change. When SPR phenomenon occurs, energy of a certain fixed wavelength corresponding to the spectrum can be absorbed, an obvious resonance peak appears on an output spectrum, energy loss caused by SPR resonance changes along with the refractive index of a medium to be detected, when an external magnetic field changes, the refractive index of the magnetic fluid close to the surface of the metal thin film changes, and the position of the resonance peak also changes, so that the magnetic field can be detected by detecting the drift amount of the SPR resonance peak.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides an optical fiber SPR sensor based on STS structure measurement magnetic field and temperature, includes broadband light source (1), optic fibre circulator (2), sensing probe (3), first signal detection module (4), second signal detection module (5), its characterized in that: the length of the sensing probe (3) is 8-10 mm, the sensing probe comprises a first single-mode fiber (3-1), a silver metal film (3-2), a magnetic fluid (3-3), a cladding corrosion-treated thin-core fiber (3-4), a quartz glass tube (3-5) and a second single-mode fiber (3-6), the cladding diameter of the thin-core fiber (3-4) is 85um, the fiber core diameter is 4um, the length is 6mm, the left end and the right end of the thin-core fiber (3-4) are respectively subjected to non-eccentric fusion with the first single-mode fiber (3-1) and the second single-mode fiber (3-6), fiber gratings are etched on the thin-core fiber (3-4) through a phase mask method, and the silver metal film (3-2) is plated on the thin-core fiber (3-4) through a magnetron sputtering method to obtain the magnetic control fiber, the length of a coated film is 6mm, the thickness of the coated film is 30-50nm, the inner diameter of the quartz glass tube (3-4) is 135 microns, the outer diameter of the quartz glass tube is 500 microns, the length of the coated film is 6.5mm, the magnetofluid (3-3) is filled into the quartz glass tube (3-5) through capillary action, two ends of the quartz glass tube (3-5) are sealed and fixed through epoxy resin, a sensor utilizes the surface plasma resonance effect to achieve measurement of a magnetic field, utilizes a fiber grating to achieve measurement of temperature, and performs temperature compensation on the measurement of the magnetic field.
2. The optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure of claim 1, wherein: the broadband light source (1) adopts a dual-wavelength light source and consists of working wavelengths of 540nm/740nm and 1520nm/1580 nm.
3. The optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure of claim 1, wherein: first single mode fiber (3-1) and second single mode fiber (3-6) fibre core diameter be 9um, the refracting index is 1.4612, the cladding diameter is 125um, the refracting index is 1.4561.
4. The optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure of claim 1, wherein: the core refractive index of the thin-core optical fiber (3-4) is 1.4783, and the cladding refractive index is 1.4721.
5. The optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure of claim 1, wherein: the manufacturing steps of the sensing probe (3) are as follows:
1) the fine-core optical fiber is subjected to fiber grating writing by using a phase mask method;
2) carrying out corrosion treatment on the cladding of the thin-core optical fiber by using hydrofluoric acid;
3) plating a silver film on the cladding of the thin-core optical fiber by a magnetron sputtering method;
4) the processed thin core optical fiber and two common single mode optical fibers are cut flat by an optical fiber cutting machine, and are placed into an optical fiber fusion splicer for manual non-core-shifting fusion splicing according to an STS structure;
5) and inserting the welded optical fiber section into the capillary quartz glass tube filled with the magnetic fluid, and sealing and fixing the optical fiber section by using epoxy resin.
CN202011230947.3A 2020-11-06 2020-11-06 Optical fiber SPR sensor for measuring magnetic field and temperature based on STS structure Pending CN112254840A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114136924A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-03-04 哈尔滨理工大学 MXene and GMM coated gas and magnetic field measurement optical fiber sensor
CN114812630A (en) * 2022-07-01 2022-07-29 中北大学 Double-parameter in-situ sensor based on waveguide grating, sensing system and preparation method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114136924A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-03-04 哈尔滨理工大学 MXene and GMM coated gas and magnetic field measurement optical fiber sensor
CN114136924B (en) * 2021-11-30 2024-01-26 哈尔滨理工大学 MXene and GMM coated gas and magnetic field measurement optical fiber sensor
CN114812630A (en) * 2022-07-01 2022-07-29 中北大学 Double-parameter in-situ sensor based on waveguide grating, sensing system and preparation method

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