CN112254766B - Iron tower stress and vibration detection device - Google Patents
Iron tower stress and vibration detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112254766B CN112254766B CN202011120465.2A CN202011120465A CN112254766B CN 112254766 B CN112254766 B CN 112254766B CN 202011120465 A CN202011120465 A CN 202011120465A CN 112254766 B CN112254766 B CN 112254766B
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- iron tower
- polar plate
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- steel string
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
- G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/14—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators
- G01L1/142—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators using capacitors
Abstract
The device comprises a shell, holes are formed in two sides of the shell, and a steel string penetrates through the shell from the holes in the two sides and then is fixed with an iron tower. An upper polar plate and a lower polar plate are arranged in the shell, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are fixed in the shell through a first spring and a second spring respectively, a middle polar plate is arranged between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate, the middle polar plate is fixed on the steel string, and the three polar plates are connected with a detection circuit. An exciting coil is arranged in the shell, the exciting coil is close to the steel string and fixed right below the steel string, and the exciting coil is connected with the driving circuit. The detection circuit and the drive circuit are both connected with the processor module. The iron tower stress and vibration detection device integrates iron tower stress detection and vibration detection, and has the advantages of convenience in installation, high detection precision and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of iron tower detection, in particular to an iron tower stress and vibration detection device.
Background
In the aspect of application of the internet of things technology, the power industry mainly takes manual inspection and online monitoring forms as main aspects. Each provincial power company installs and deploys a large number of online monitoring devices for monitoring the power transmission and transformation state and the operating environment, thereby greatly improving the perception capability of the equipment state, and monitoring the physical parameters of the line besides realizing the perception target of the electric quantity.
The traditional iron tower online monitoring technology has the advantages that the iron tower stress sensor and the vibration sensor are separated, the size is large, the carrying is inconvenient, the two sensors are respectively installed, certain workload is increased, and the installation cost of the system is increased. Meanwhile, the traditional vibration sensor and the traditional stress sensor have poor anti-interference capability, low measurement precision, large volume, high equipment energy consumption and complex installation, and have great promotion space in integration, precision and stability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device for detecting the stress and the vibration of the iron tower, which integrates the stress detection and the vibration detection of the iron tower and has the advantages of convenience in installation, high detection precision and low cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the device comprises a shell, holes are formed in two sides of the shell, and a steel string penetrates through the shell from the holes in the two sides and then is fixed with an iron tower.
An upper polar plate and a lower polar plate are arranged in the shell, the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are fixed in the shell through a first spring and a second spring respectively, a middle polar plate is arranged between the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate and fixed on the steel string, the upper polar plate, the lower polar plate and the middle polar plate are parallel to each other, and the three polar plates are connected with a detection circuit.
The upper electrode plate and the middle electrode plate form a capacitor C1The lower plate and the middle plate form a capacitor C2；
An excitation coil is arranged in the shell, is close to the steel string and is fixed right below the steel string, and is connected with a driving circuit;
the detection circuit and the drive circuit are both connected with the processor module.
The processor module is respectively connected with the storage module, the communication module, the clock module and the power supply module.
The two ends of the steel string are respectively provided with a knob, and the tightness degree of the steel string can be adjusted through the knobs.
The iron tower stress and vibration detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first working mode is as follows: when the vibration of the iron tower is measured, the processor module triggers the detection circuit, the detection circuit measures the capacitance variation of the detection device, the clock module records the vibration period of the capacitor plate, and the vibration acceleration of the iron tower is solved through an acceleration mechanics equivalent model of the differential capacitor, so that the vibration condition of the iron tower can be reflected;
and a second working mode: when the surface stress of the iron tower is measured, the processor module triggers the detection circuit and applies trigger pulses to the driving circuit at the same time, the driving circuit drives the capacitor plate to vibrate through the exciting coil, the vibration period of the capacitor plate is recorded through the detection circuit and the clock module, and the surface stress of the iron tower can be obtained through the frequency and the physical model of the surface stress of the iron tower.
Aiming at the problems of large volume, poor integration level, poor interference resistance, complex installation and the like of the current iron tower vibration sensor and stress sensor, the invention provides a new iron tower stress and vibration detection device, and provides a new sensor internal structure design, a detection circuit and a driving circuit, and the device has the advantages of the following three aspects:
(1) the detection device has the functions of iron tower vibration detection and detection, is high in integration level and small in size, mainly relates to the fixation of fixing frames at two ends of the device and steel string fixing splints and the adjustment of knobs during installation, and is simple and convenient to install;
(2) the detection device adopts a differential capacitor model, has high sensitivity, small nonlinear error, small influence by external environment and strong anti-interference capability, and the detection circuit can simultaneously and respectively measure a pair of differential capacitors, thereby eliminating external interference and effectively avoiding the influence of common-mode signals;
(3) the driving circuit of the detection device is simple in structure, small in heat productivity, strong in anti-interference capability, capable of effectively eliminating spike pulses through diodes in the circuit, and capable of acting on circuit driving voltage directly through the single chip microcomputer, acting rapidly and being convenient to control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the hardware module connection of the detection device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the installation of the detecting device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the detecting device of the present invention.
FIG. 4(1) is a diagram of a capacitor plate model before vibration;
FIG. 4(2) is a diagram of a capacitor plate model after vibration.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a detection circuit according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a driving circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the iron tower stress and vibration detection device comprises a shell 1, holes are formed in two sides of the shell 1, and steel strings 2 penetrate through the shell 1 from the holes in the two sides and then are fixed to an iron tower.
An upper polar plate 3 and a lower polar plate 3 ' are arranged in the shell 1, the upper polar plate 3 and the lower polar plate 3 ' are fixed inside the shell 1 through a first spring 4 and a second spring 4 ', a middle polar plate 5 is arranged between the upper polar plate 3 and the lower polar plate 3 ', the middle polar plate 5 is fixed on the steel string 2, the upper polar plate 3, the lower polar plate 3 ' and the middle polar plate 5 are parallel to each other, and the three polar plates are connected with a detection circuit 7.
The upper electrode plate 3 and the middle electrode plate 5 form a capacitor C1Under, isThe plate 3' and the middle plate 5 form a capacitor C2；
An exciting coil 6 is arranged in the shell 1, the exciting coil 6 is close to the steel string 2 and is fixed under the steel string 2, and the exciting coil 6 is connected with a driving circuit 8;
the detection circuit 7 and the drive circuit 8 are both connected with a processor module 9.
The processor module 9 is respectively connected with the storage module, the communication module, the clock module and the power supply module.
Processor module 9 employs an STM32 single chip.
The storage module adopts an EEPROM storage module.
The communication module adopts an RS485 interface and transmits data to the data base station through a cable.
The clock module adopts a DS1302 clock chip.
The power module adopts a dry battery, or photovoltaic power taking or ground wire induction power taking, and is connected with the LM2596 voltage regulator.
The installation schematic diagram of the detection device is shown in fig. 2, the detection device is fixed on an iron tower by 8 hexagon nuts 12, and the steel strings 2 are fixed on the iron tower by two steel string fixing clamping plates 11. The two ends of the string 2 are respectively provided with a knob 10, and the tightness degree of the string can be adjusted by the knobs 10 at the two ends.
The two ends of the shell 1 are provided with fixing frames to form an integrated structure, the detection device is fixed on an iron tower through 8 hexagon nuts 12, hexagon nut holes are formed in a steel string fixing clamping plate 11 and are fixed on the surface of the iron tower through the hexagon nuts, the knobs 10 are screwed on the two ends of the fixing frames through threaded holes in the fixing frames, and the end portions of the knobs 10 are connected with steel strings 2.
Preferably, the whole detection device is fixed on a foot iron of an iron tower and is parallel to the ground. Four corners of a common iron tower are the places with the most concentrated stress on the iron tower, and the iron tower support monitoring device has greater representativeness.
The working principle is as follows:
when the vibration of the iron tower is measured, the steel string 2 can vibrate when the iron tower vibrates, the middle polar plate 5 fixed on the steel string 2 can vibrate along with the steel string 2, and the upper polar plate 3 and the lower polar plate 3' vibrate due to inertiaA capacitor C consisting of an upper plate 3 and a middle plate 5 which are kept in a relatively static state1And a capacitor C consisting of a lower plate 3' and an intermediate plate 52Changes with vibration.
As shown in FIG. 4(1) and FIG. 4(2), an initial capacitor C is provided1＝C2＝C0Initial plate pole pitch d1＝d2＝d0The capacitance defines the formula:
in the formula (1), epsilon is the dielectric constant between the polar plates, S is the relative effective area between the polar plates, and d is the distance between the polar plates. As shown in the formula (1),
after vibration:
C1＝C0+ΔC (4)；
C2＝C0-ΔC (5)；
the present invention adopts the differential capacitive sensor model of equation (6), and this model has a good linear structure as shown in equation (6).
Setting the period of vibration of the middle polar plate 5 as T, and the second occurrence of C when the steel string 2 vibrates1＝C2The elapsed time interval is measured jointly by the detection circuit 7, the processor module 9 and the clock module. When C is present1>C2The vibration displacement is 4 Δ d, and the displacement formula in one period is as follows:
from formulas (6) and (7):
the formula (7) is an acceleration mechanical equivalent model of the differential capacitor, and the vibration condition of the iron tower can be reflected by solving the acceleration a through a detection circuit in the system.
When the stress on the surface of the iron tower is measured, the exciting coil 6 is electrified, the exciting coil 6 drives the steel string 2 to vibrate, and the vibration of the steel string 2 drives the middle polar plate 5 to vibrate, so that C is caused1And C2In the second occurrence of C during vibration1＝C2And (4) detecting for a vibration period T to obtain the vibration frequency f, and outputting the stress magnitude of the steel string.
In the formula (9), L is the effective length of the steel string, rho is the material density of the steel string, F is the stress borne by the steel string, and the vibration frequency and the physical model of the stress of the steel string can be obtained through the formulas (9) and (10):
the stress on the surface of the iron tower can be obtained by the formula (11).
The circuit diagram of the detection circuit 7 is shown in FIG. 5, A1Is an integrator, R2＝R3＝R4＝R5，A2And A3Is a reverse voltage follower，A4Is a comparator outputting a high voltage level UA4And low level-UA4. When the circuit works, the singlechip is arranged at A4The output port provides a square wave voltage, C1And C2The circuit has four working states: 1: diode D2On, the capacitance C2Discharge, A4Output high level, the duration of this state T1Comprises the following steps:
namely:
T1＝C2R1 (13)；
2: diode D1On, the capacitance C1Discharge, A4Output low level, the duration of this state T2Comprises the following steps:
namely:
T2＝C1R1 (15)；
3: diode D2On, the capacitance C1Charging, A4Output low level, the duration of this state T3Comprises the following steps:
T3＝C1R1 (16)；
4: diode D2On, the capacitance C2Charging, A4Output high level, the duration of this state T4Comprises the following steps:
T4＝C2R1 (17)；
T1and T4Period A1Output high level, T2And T3Period A4Output low level, A4The duty ratio and the capacitance of the output high level have the following relations:
through a singlechip and a clock module, a pair detection circuit T1、T2、T3And T4Calculating to obtain C1And C2From the linear relationship of (1), C can be obtained from the equation (18)1And C2The linear relation of the measurement circuit 7, the processor module 9 and the clock module measures T together and replaces the formula (8), the acceleration a when the iron tower vibrates can be obtained, the acceleration a is an index for measuring the vibration condition of the iron tower, and the capacitance C appearing for the second time is used for measuring the acceleration a1＝C2Recording of time intervals, i.e. A4When the duty ratio of the output high level is 1/2 for the second time, the vibration period of the steel string can be measured, the effective length L of the steel string and the material density rho of the steel string are known quantities of the device, T is measured by the detection circuit 7, the processor module 9 and the clock module together, and the value is substituted into the formula (11) to obtain the surface stress F of the iron tower, so that the surface stress of the iron tower can be obtained.
The circuit diagram of the driving circuit 8 is shown in fig. 6 and comprises a diode D, a triode Q and a resistor R, when the driving circuit works, the singlechip supplies driving voltage to the circuit to enable the triode Q to be conducted, the exciting coil 6 generates a magnetic field to excite the steel string 2 in the detection device to vibrate, and the steel string 2 can drive the middle polar plate 5 to vibrate when vibrating, so that the size of the upper capacitor and the lower capacitor is changed. The diode D is used for absorbing spike pulses when the triode Q is switched on and off and eliminating interference of the triode Q on a circuit, and VCC is power supply voltage for the exciting coil.
Claims (4)
1. Iron tower stress, vibration detection device, its characterized in that: the device comprises a shell (1), wherein holes are formed in two sides of the shell (1), and a steel string (2) penetrates through the shell (1) from the holes in the two sides and then is fixed with an iron tower;
the improved energy-saving battery is characterized in that an upper polar plate (3) and a lower polar plate (3 ') are arranged in the shell (1), the upper polar plate (3) and the lower polar plate (3') are fixed inside the shell (1) through a first spring (4) and a second spring (4 '), a middle polar plate (5) is arranged between the upper polar plate (3) and the lower polar plate (3'), the middle polar plate (5) is fixed on the steel string (2), and the upper polar plate (3) and the lower polar plate (3) are fixed on the steel string (2)') and the middle pole plate are parallel to each other, the three pole plates are connected with a detection circuit (7), and the upper pole plate (3) and the middle pole plate (5) form a capacitor C1The lower plate (3') and the middle plate (5) form a capacitor C2；
When the vibration of the iron tower is measured, the steel string (2) can vibrate when the iron tower vibrates, the middle polar plate (5) fixed on the steel string (2) can vibrate along with the steel string (2), the upper polar plate (3) and the lower polar plate (3') keep a relative static state due to inertia, and a capacitor C formed by the upper polar plate (3) and the middle polar plate (5)1And a capacitor C consisting of a lower plate (3') and an intermediate plate (5)2Changes with vibration;
an excitation coil (6) is arranged in the shell (1), the excitation coil (6) is close to the steel string (2) and fixed right below the steel string (2), and the excitation coil (6) is connected with a driving circuit (8);
the detection circuit (7) and the drive circuit (8) are both connected with the processor module (9);
when the stress on the surface of the iron tower is measured, the exciting coil (6) is electrified, the exciting coil (6) drives the steel string (2) to vibrate, the steel string (2) vibrates to drive the middle polar plate (5) to vibrate, and C is caused1And C2In the second occurrence of C during vibration1＝C2Detecting for a vibration period T to obtain a vibration frequency f, and outputting the stress on the steel string;
the capacitance C can be obtained by measuring and calculating the detection circuit (7) through the processor module (9) and the clock module1And a capacitor C2The linear relationship of (a); the detection circuit (7), the processor module (9) and the clock module jointly measure T and replace the formula (8),
the acceleration a when the iron tower vibrates can be obtained, wherein the acceleration a is an index for measuring the vibration condition of the iron tower;
the effective length L of the steel string and the material density rho of the steel string are known quantities of the device per se, and the formula (11) is replaced:
the surface stress F of the iron tower can be obtained.
2. The iron tower stress and vibration detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the processor module (9) is respectively connected with the storage module, the communication module, the clock module and the power supply module.
3. The iron tower stress and vibration detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the two ends of the steel string (2) are respectively provided with a knob (10), and the tightness degree of the steel string (2) can be adjusted through the knobs (10).
4. The iron tower stress and vibration detection method by adopting the detection device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized in that:
the first working mode is as follows:
when the vibration of the iron tower is measured, the processor module (9) triggers the detection circuit (7), the detection circuit (7) measures the capacitance variation of the detection device, the clock module records the vibration period of a capacitor plate, and the vibration acceleration of the iron tower is solved through an acceleration mechanics equivalent model of a differential capacitor, so that the vibration condition of the iron tower can be reflected;
and a second working mode:
when the surface stress of the iron tower is measured, the processor module (9) triggers the detection circuit (7) and simultaneously applies trigger pulses to the driving circuit (8), the driving circuit (6) drives the capacitor plate to vibrate through the exciting coil (6), the vibration period of the capacitor plate is recorded through the detection circuit (7) and the clock module, and the surface stress of the iron tower can be obtained through the frequency and the physical model of the surface stress of the iron tower.
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