CN112254667A - Gear offset measurement method based on laser displacement sensor - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
本发明公开了齿轮测量技术领域内的一种基于激光位移传感器的齿轮偏置测量方法,包括以下步骤:(1)驱动激光位移传感器沿导轨运动,标定被测齿轮中心轴位置;(2)安装被测齿轮,驱动激光位移传感器沿Z轴导轨运动到齿廓待测量的位置,设置偏置量,驱动激光位移传感器移动使激光束直射到被测齿廓上;(3)驱动工件回转台沿单侧齿面渐开线展开方向反转,采集光束在被测齿廓上投射点相对测量齿轮坐标系中心轴的位移数据;(4)设置新偏置量,使激光位移传感器偏置到齿轮另一侧,沿齿轮另一侧齿面渐开线展开方向旋转工件回转台,采集在被测齿廓上投射点的位移数据;(5)将两次测量的位移数据转化为极坐标;使用本发明测量精度高。
The invention discloses a gear offset measurement method based on a laser displacement sensor in the technical field of gear measurement. The gear to be tested drives the laser displacement sensor to move along the Z-axis guide rail to the position where the tooth profile is to be measured, sets the offset, drives the laser displacement sensor to move so that the laser beam directly hits the measured tooth profile; (3) drives the workpiece turntable along the The involute development direction of the unilateral tooth surface is reversed, and the displacement data of the projection point of the beam on the measured tooth profile relative to the central axis of the measured gear coordinate system is collected; (4) Set a new offset to make the laser displacement sensor offset to the gear. On the other side, rotate the workpiece turntable along the involute development direction of the tooth surface on the other side of the gear, and collect the displacement data of the projected point on the measured tooth profile; (5) Convert the displacement data of the two measurements into polar coordinates; use The invention has high measurement precision.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种齿轮测量方法,特别涉及一种基于激光位移传感器的齿轮偏置测量方法。The invention relates to a gear measurement method, in particular to a gear offset measurement method based on a laser displacement sensor.
背景技术Background technique
齿轮测量技术可以分为接触时测量和非接触式测量两大类,目前广泛使用的是通过触法式或扫描式传感测头与几何形体表面接触而记录形体表面点的三维坐标位置的接触式测量方法,这种方法操作繁琐,有接触测头半径较大带来的横向分辨率的问题,而且需要提前规划测头运动路径。接触式测量能够有效的对直齿轮,斜齿轮等进行测量,但是当接触式测头测头测量弧齿圆柱齿轮时,接触面是曲面,接触点的法向量是不断变化的,因为测头体积的存在使得理论接触点与实际接触点存在差异,要对测头位置进行补偿有一定的困难且耗费大量计算。而目前非接触式测量主要是利用激光三角法,测量装置包括工作台,工作台上设有工件回转台和三坐标平移机构,三坐标平移机构包括固定在工作台上侧的X轴导轨,X轴导轨上可滑动地连接有Y轴导轨,Y轴导轨上可滑动地连接有Z轴导轨,Z轴导轨上可滑动地连接有滑架,滑架上连接有可转动的激光位移传感器,测试时激光头与齿轮中心始终在一条直线上,通过测量激光头与齿面的距离得到被测点到齿轮中心的距离,这种方法可以对弧齿圆柱齿轮等复杂齿轮进行直接测量,操作简单,但这种过中心的测量方法在测量齿面时齿面的法向量与测量激光束夹角较大,激光束在齿面上无法汇聚到一点,而是形成一块较大的光斑,测量结果波动较大,测量精度低。Gear measurement technology can be divided into two categories: contact measurement and non-contact measurement. At present, the contact type that records the three-dimensional coordinate position of the surface point of the shape by contacting the touch or scanning sensor probe with the surface of the geometric shape is widely used. Measurement method, this method is cumbersome to operate, has the problem of lateral resolution caused by the larger radius of the contact probe, and needs to plan the movement path of the probe in advance. Contact measurement can effectively measure spur gears, helical gears, etc., but when the contact probe probe measures the spiral gear, the contact surface is a curved surface, and the normal vector of the contact point is constantly changing, because the probe volume The existence of the contact point makes the theoretical contact point different from the actual contact point. It is difficult and expensive to compensate the position of the probe. At present, the non-contact measurement mainly uses the laser triangulation method. The measurement device includes a worktable. The worktable is provided with a workpiece turntable and a three-coordinate translation mechanism. The three-coordinate translation mechanism includes an X-axis guide fixed on the upper side of the worktable. The Y-axis guide rail is slidably connected to the Y-axis guide rail, the Z-axis guide rail is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail, the Z-axis guide rail is slidably connected to a carriage, and the carriage is connected to a rotatable laser displacement sensor. When the laser head and the center of the gear are always in a straight line, the distance from the measured point to the center of the gear can be obtained by measuring the distance between the laser head and the tooth surface. This method can directly measure complex gears such as spiral gears, and the operation is simple. However, in this over-center measurement method, when measuring the tooth surface, the angle between the normal vector of the tooth surface and the measuring laser beam is relatively large, and the laser beam cannot converge to a point on the tooth surface, but a large spot is formed, and the measurement result fluctuates. larger, the measurement accuracy is low.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术中的缺陷,本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术中测量精度低的技术问题,提供一种基于激光位移传感器的齿轮偏置测量方法,本发明可以实现复杂齿轮的测量,测量过程中齿面数据无波动,精度好。In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem of low measurement accuracy in the prior art, and to provide a gear offset measurement method based on a laser displacement sensor. The present invention can realize the measurement of complex gears. There is no fluctuation in the tooth surface data during the process, and the precision is good.
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种基于激光位移传感器的齿轮偏置测量方法,测量方法中使用到的测量装置包括工作台,所述工作台上设有工件回转台和三坐标平移机构,所述三坐标平移机构包括固定在工作台上侧的X轴导轨,所述X轴导轨上可滑动地连接有Y轴导轨,所述Y轴导轨上可滑动地连接有Z轴导轨,所述Z轴导轨上可滑动地连接有升降架,所述升降架上连接有激光位移传感器,所述工件回转台上垂直设有中心定位芯轴,测量方法包括以下步骤,The purpose of the present invention is to achieve this: a gear offset measurement method based on a laser displacement sensor, the measurement device used in the measurement method includes a worktable, and the worktable is provided with a workpiece turntable and a three-coordinate translation mechanism, The three-coordinate translation mechanism includes an X-axis guide rail fixed on the upper side of the worktable, a Y-axis guide rail is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail, and a Z-axis guide rail is slidably connected to the Y-axis guide rail. A lift frame is slidably connected to the Z-axis guide rail, a laser displacement sensor is connected to the lift frame, and a center positioning mandrel is vertically arranged on the workpiece turntable. The measurement method includes the following steps:
(1)驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴、Y轴、Z轴导轨运动,采集中心定位芯轴外圆周数据,以标定被测齿轮中心轴位置;(1) Drive the laser displacement sensor to move along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis guide rails, and collect the outer circumference data of the center positioning mandrel to calibrate the position of the center axis of the measured gear;
(2)将被测齿轮安装在中心定位芯轴上,通过驱动激光位移传感器沿Z 轴导轨运动到齿廓待测量的位置,设置偏置量e,通过驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴导轨运动,使激光位移传感器发射的激光束直射到被测齿廓上;(2) Install the gear to be measured on the central positioning mandrel, drive the laser displacement sensor to move along the Z-axis guide rail to the position where the tooth profile is to be measured, set the offset e, and drive the laser displacement sensor to move along the X-axis guide rail, Direct the laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor to the measured tooth profile;
(3)驱动工件回转台沿单侧齿面渐开线展开方向反向匀速旋转,激光位移传感器发射的激光束依次直射在被测齿轮廓上,采集光束在被测齿廓上投射点相对测量齿轮坐标系中心轴的位移数据;(3) Drive the workpiece turntable to rotate at a constant speed in the opposite direction along the involute development direction of the unilateral tooth surface. The laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor is directed directly on the measured tooth profile in turn, and the collected beam is projected on the measured tooth profile. Relative measurement The displacement data of the central axis of the gear coordinate system;
(4)设置偏置量2e,通过驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴导轨运动,使激光位移传感器偏置到齿轮另一侧,沿齿轮另一侧齿面渐开线展开方向旋转工件回转台,激光位移传感器发射的激光束依次直射到被测齿轮的齿廓上,采集光束在被测齿廓上投射点相对测量齿轮坐标系中心轴的位移数据;(4) Set the offset amount 2e. By driving the laser displacement sensor to move along the X-axis guide rail, the laser displacement sensor is biased to the other side of the gear, and the workpiece turntable is rotated along the involute expansion direction of the tooth surface on the other side of the gear. The laser beam emitted by the displacement sensor is directed to the tooth profile of the measured gear in turn, and the displacement data of the projection point of the beam on the measured tooth profile relative to the central axis of the coordinate system of the measured gear is collected;
(5)将两次测量的位移数据转化为极坐标,将齿廓的坐标点描述拟合,以判定被测齿廓的误差。(5) Convert the displacement data of the two measurements into polar coordinates, and describe and fit the coordinate points of the tooth profile to determine the error of the measured tooth profile.
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述三坐标平移机构通过伺服电机驱动并通过控制器控制激光位移传感器沿X轴导轨或Y轴导轨或Z轴导轨移动,工件回转台底部设有回转驱动装置。As a further improvement of the present invention, the three-coordinate translation mechanism is driven by a servo motor and the controller controls the laser displacement sensor to move along the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail or the Z-axis guide rail, and a rotary drive device is provided at the bottom of the workpiece turntable.
为了进一步实现坐标系的标定,所述步骤(1)中,坐标系的标定方法为:通过伺服电机驱动激光位移传感器沿Z轴导轨运动到中心定位芯轴上任意合适位置,固定Y轴和Z轴导轨,令激光位移传感器沿X轴方向从中心定位芯轴的一侧向另一侧移动,记录过程中激光位移传感器示数,当光束接近中心定位芯轴的中心时,示数先减小后增大,通过驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴导轨往复运动进行多次比较,示数最小处刚好通过中心定位芯轴的中心轴线。In order to further realize the calibration of the coordinate system, in the step (1), the calibration method of the coordinate system is: drive the laser displacement sensor to move along the Z-axis guide rail to any suitable position on the center positioning mandrel through the servo motor, and fix the Y-axis and Z-axis Shaft guide, make the laser displacement sensor move from one side of the centering mandrel to the other side along the X-axis direction. During the recording process, the laser displacement sensor counts. When the beam approaches the center of the centering mandrel, the count first decreases. After increasing, the laser displacement sensor is driven to reciprocate along the X-axis guide rail for multiple comparisons, and the minimum number of indications just passes through the central axis of the central positioning mandrel.
为了进一步实现偏置量的设置,所述步骤(2)中,将被测齿轮安装在中心定位芯轴上,中心定位芯轴通过鸡心夹头与工件回转台固定同轴转动,带动被测齿轮与工件回转台同轴转动,通过伺服电机调节激光位移传感器的Z向高度,使激光位移传感器发射的激光束打在齿面上,标定后设置偏置值e,通过伺服电机调节X轴导轨运动使激光位移传感器位于偏置位置,通过控制器驱动伺服电机调节激光位移传感器沿Y轴向导轨运动靠近齿轮表面,使被测齿廓分度圆位于激光位移传感器标准量程D处,此时激光位移传感器的位移量示数为零。In order to further realize the setting of the offset, in the step (2), the gear to be tested is installed on the central positioning mandrel, and the central positioning mandrel is fixed and rotated coaxially with the workpiece turntable through the chicken core chuck to drive the gear to be tested. Rotate coaxially with the workpiece turntable, adjust the Z height of the laser displacement sensor through the servo motor, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor hits the tooth surface, set the offset value e after calibration, and adjust the X-axis guide rail movement through the servo motor Make the laser displacement sensor at the offset position, and drive the servo motor through the controller to adjust the laser displacement sensor to move along the Y-axis guide rail to the surface of the gear, so that the measured tooth profile index circle is located at the standard range D of the laser displacement sensor. At this time, the laser displacement The displacement of the sensor indicates zero.
为了进一步实现测量数据的采集,所述步骤(3),规定被测齿轮渐开线展开方向反向为当前测量的回转方向,回转驱动装置驱动工件回转台带动被测齿轮转动,同时激光位移传感器将激光束投射到被测齿廓上,进行相对于X轴位置位移坐标数据的采集,以被测齿轮坐标系的中心为极点,采集到的的数据为被测齿轮为极点为中心转过的角度和该角度对应的激光位移传感器到齿面的距离。In order to further realize the collection of measurement data, in the step (3), it is stipulated that the involute unfolding direction of the measured gear is reversed to the rotation direction of the current measurement, and the rotary drive device drives the workpiece turntable to drive the measured gear to rotate, while the laser displacement sensor Project the laser beam onto the measured tooth profile, and collect the coordinate data relative to the position of the X-axis. Taking the center of the measured gear coordinate system as the pole, the collected data is the rotation of the measured gear with the pole as the center. The angle and the distance from the laser displacement sensor corresponding to the angle to the tooth surface.
为了进一步反向偏置量的设置,所述步骤(4)中,设置偏置量为步骤(2)中单侧偏置量的两倍,具体为,通过伺服电机驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴向另一方向偏置,经过一个偏置量激光束回到偏置前的标定处,经过两个偏置量到达相对于被测齿轮坐标系X轴一个偏置量的位置,此时被测齿面为齿轮的另一侧齿面,规定该侧被测齿面的渐开线展开方向反向为当前测量的回转方向。In order to further set the reverse bias amount, in the step (4), the bias amount is set to be twice the unilateral bias amount in the step (2), specifically, the laser displacement sensor is driven along the X axis by the servo motor Offset in the other direction, go back to the calibration position before the offset through an offset laser beam, and reach a position with an offset relative to the X-axis of the measured gear coordinate system after two offsets. The tooth surface is the tooth surface of the other side of the gear, and it is stipulated that the involute development direction of the measured tooth surface on this side is reversed to the rotation direction of the current measurement.
为了进一步实现各个测量点坐标的计算,所述步骤(5)中,极坐标的转换方法具体为,取任意两点pm和pn,两点的测量值为pm(l测m,θm), pn(l测n,θn),l测为激光位移传感器到齿面被测点的距离,l测m为激光位移传感器到齿面被测点pm的距离,l测n为激光位移传感器到齿面被测点pn的距离,θm为激光位移传感器测量点pm时工件回转台内设有的角度编码器所对应的点pm的角度读数,θn为激光位移传感器测量点pn时角度编码器所对应的点pn的角度读数,激光位移传感器到X轴的距离为d,则被测点到X轴的距离为l=d-l测,偏置值为e,测量结果可转化为极坐标公式以pm为基准,pm与X轴的夹角为arcos(e/rm),从pm到pn齿轮转过的角度为θn-θm,pn与Y轴的夹角为arsin(e/rn),则pm和pn相对于齿轮坐标系的夹角θ=arcos(e/rm)+θn-θm+arsin(e/rn)-π/2,令被测点pm为初始点零点,pn点为pm点的下一个转换点,将pm和pn转化极坐标为pm(rm,0),pn(rn,θ),其中θ=arcos(e/rm)+θn-θm+arsin(e/rn)-π/2,转换下一个点时,令下一点为pn+1,转换点pn+1的极坐标公式为pn+1(rn+1,θ+θ1),其中,θ1=arcos(e/rn)+θn+1-θn+arsin(e/rn+1)-π/2。In order to further realize the calculation of the coordinates of each measurement point, in the step (5), the conversion method of polar coordinates is specifically, taking any two points p m and p n , and the measured values of the two points are p m (1 measurement m , θ m ), p n (l measure n , θ n ), l measure is the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the measured point on the tooth surface, l measure m is the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the measured point p m on the tooth surface, l measure n is the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the measured point p n on the tooth surface, θ m is the angle reading of the point p m corresponding to the angle encoder provided in the workpiece turntable when the laser displacement sensor measures the point p m , and θ n is the laser displacement sensor. When the displacement sensor measures point p n , the angle reading of the point p n corresponding to the angle encoder, the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the X axis is d, then the distance from the measured point to the X axis is l=dl, and the offset value is e, the measurement results can be converted into polar coordinate formulas Taking p m as the benchmark, the angle between p m and the X axis is arcos(e/r m ), the angle that the gear rotates from p m to p n is θ n -θ m , and the angle between p n and the Y axis is arsin(e/r n ), then the angle between p m and p n relative to the gear coordinate system θ=arcos(e/r m )+θ n -θ m +arsin(e/r n )-π/2, Let the measured point p m be the initial zero point, p n be the next conversion point of p m , convert p m and p n into polar coordinates p m (r m ,0), p n (r n ,θ ),in θ=arcos(e/r m )+θ n -θ m +arsin(e/r n )-π/2, when converting the next point, let the next point be p n+1 , the conversion point of p n+1 is The polar coordinate formula is p n+1 (r n+1 ,θ+θ 1 ), where, θ 1 =arcos(e/rn )+θ n +1 −θ n +arsin(e/rn +1 )−π/2.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中测量装置的立体结构图。FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the measuring device in the present invention.
图2为本发明中偏置测量的原理图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the bias measurement in the present invention.
图3为本发明中反向偏置测量的原理图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the reverse bias measurement in the present invention.
图4为本发明中极坐标转换的原理图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of polar coordinate conversion in the present invention.
其中,1X轴导轨,2工作台,3回转驱动装置,4工件回转台,5下顶尖,6鸡心夹头,7中心定位芯轴,8被测齿轮,9固定座,10上顶尖,11 激光位移传感器,12Z轴导轨,13升降架,14Y轴导轨。Among them, 1X-axis guide rail, 2 worktables, 3 rotary drive devices, 4 workpiece rotary tables, 5 lower centers, 6 core chucks, 7 center positioning mandrels, 8 tested gears, 9 fixed seats, 10 top centers, 11 laser Displacement sensor, 12Z-axis guide rail, 13 lifting frame, 14Y-axis guide rail.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做出进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
一种基于激光位移传感器的齿轮偏置测量方法,测量方法中使用到的测量装置包括工作台,工作台上设有工件回转台、三坐标平移机构和固定座,三坐标平移机构包括固定在工作台上侧的X轴导轨,X轴导轨上可滑动地连接有Y轴导轨,Y轴导轨上可滑动地连接有Z轴导轨,Z轴导轨上可滑动地连接有升降架,升降架上连接有激光位移传感器,工件回转台上垂直设有中心定位芯轴,三坐标平移机构通过伺服电机驱动并通过控制器控制激光位移传感器沿X轴导轨或Y轴导轨或Z轴导轨移动,工件回转台底部设有回转驱动装置,固定座上连接有可升降且朝下伸出的上顶尖,工件回转台上侧连接有鸡心夹头和下顶尖,鸡心夹头夹住中心定位芯轴,降下上顶尖,使中心定位芯轴在下顶尖和上顶尖之间,上下顶尖和中心定位芯轴随工件回转台转动,测量方法包括以下步骤,A gear offset measurement method based on a laser displacement sensor, the measurement device used in the measurement method comprises a worktable, and the worktable is provided with a workpiece turntable, a three-coordinate translation mechanism and a fixed seat, and the three-coordinate translation mechanism includes a fixed seat on the work table. The X-axis guide rail on the upper side of the table, the Y-axis guide rail is slidably connected to the X-axis guide rail, the Z-axis guide rail is slidably connected to the Y-axis guide rail, the Z-axis guide rail is slidably connected to a lifting frame, and the lifting frame is connected to the lifting frame. There is a laser displacement sensor, a center positioning mandrel is vertically arranged on the workpiece turntable, the three-coordinate translation mechanism is driven by a servo motor, and the laser displacement sensor is controlled by the controller to move along the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail or the Z-axis guide rail, and the workpiece turntable The bottom is provided with a rotary drive device, the fixed seat is connected with an upper center that can be lifted up and down and protruded downward, and the upper side of the workpiece turntable is connected with a chicken core chuck and a lower center. The chicken core clamp clamps the center positioning mandrel and lowers the upper center , so that the center positioning mandrel is between the lower center and the upper center, and the upper and lower centers and the center positioning mandrel rotate with the workpiece turntable. The measurement method includes the following steps:
(1)驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴、Y轴、Z轴导轨运动,采集中心定位芯轴外圆周数据,以标定被测齿轮中心轴位置;(1) Drive the laser displacement sensor to move along the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis guide rails, and collect the outer circumference data of the center positioning mandrel to calibrate the position of the center axis of the measured gear;
(2)将被测齿轮安装在中心定位芯轴上,通过驱动激光位移传感器沿Z 轴导轨运动到齿廓待测量的位置,设置偏置量e,通过驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴导轨运动,使激光位移传感器发射的激光束直射到被测齿廓上;(2) Install the gear to be measured on the central positioning mandrel, drive the laser displacement sensor to move along the Z-axis guide rail to the position where the tooth profile is to be measured, set the offset e, and drive the laser displacement sensor to move along the X-axis guide rail, Direct the laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor to the measured tooth profile;
(3)驱动工件回转台沿单侧齿面渐开线展开方向反向匀速旋转,激光位移传感器发射的激光束依次直射在被测齿轮廓上,采集光束在被测齿廓上投射点相对测量齿轮坐标系中心轴的位移数据;(3) Drive the workpiece turntable to rotate at a constant speed in the opposite direction along the involute development direction of the unilateral tooth surface. The laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor is directed directly on the measured tooth profile in turn, and the collected beam is projected on the measured tooth profile. Relative measurement The displacement data of the central axis of the gear coordinate system;
(4)设置偏置量2e,通过驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴导轨运动,使激光位移传感器偏置到齿轮另一侧,沿齿轮另一侧齿面渐开线展开方向旋转工件回转台,激光位移传感器发射的激光束依次直射到被测齿轮的齿廓上,采集光束在被测齿廓上投射点相对测量齿轮坐标系中心轴的位移数据;(4) Set the offset amount 2e. By driving the laser displacement sensor to move along the X-axis guide rail, the laser displacement sensor is biased to the other side of the gear, and the workpiece turntable is rotated along the involute expansion direction of the tooth surface on the other side of the gear. The laser beam emitted by the displacement sensor is directed to the tooth profile of the measured gear in turn, and the displacement data of the projection point of the beam on the measured tooth profile relative to the central axis of the coordinate system of the measured gear is collected;
(5)将两次测量的位移数据转化为极坐标,将齿廓的坐标点描述拟合,以判定被测齿廓的误差。(5) Convert the displacement data of the two measurements into polar coordinates, and describe and fit the coordinate points of the tooth profile to determine the error of the measured tooth profile.
为了进一步实现坐标系的标定,步骤(1)中,坐标系的标定方法为:通过伺服电机驱动激光位移传感器沿Z轴导轨运动到中心定位芯轴上任意合适位置,固定Y轴和Z轴导轨,令激光位移传感器沿X轴方向从中心定位芯轴的一侧向另一侧移动,记录过程中激光位移传感器示数,当光束接近中心定位芯轴的中心时,示数先减小后增大,通过驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴导轨往复运动进行多次比较,示数最小处刚好通过中心定位芯轴的中心轴线。In order to further realize the calibration of the coordinate system, in step (1), the calibration method of the coordinate system is: drive the laser displacement sensor to move along the Z-axis guide rail to any suitable position on the central positioning mandrel through the servo motor, and fix the Y-axis and Z-axis guide rails. , make the laser displacement sensor move from one side of the centering mandrel to the other side along the X-axis direction. During the recording process, the laser displacement sensor counts. When the beam approaches the center of the centering mandrel, the count first decreases and then increases. Large, by driving the laser displacement sensor to reciprocate along the X-axis guide rail for multiple comparisons, the minimum number of indications just passes through the central axis of the central positioning mandrel.
为了进一步实现偏置量的设置,步骤(2)中,将被测齿轮安装在中心定位芯轴上,中心定位芯轴通过鸡心夹头与工件回转台固定同轴转动,带动被测齿轮与工件回转台同轴转动,通过伺服电机调节激光位移传感器的Z向高度,使激光位移传感器发射的激光束打在齿面上,标定后设置偏置值e,通过伺服电机调节X轴导轨运动使激光位移传感器位于偏置位置,通过控制器驱动伺服电机调节激光位移传感器沿Y轴向导轨运动靠近齿轮表面,使被测齿廓分度圆位于激光位移传感器标准量程D处,此时激光位移传感器的位移量示数为零。In order to further realize the setting of the offset, in step (2), the gear to be tested is installed on the central positioning mandrel, and the central positioning mandrel rotates fixedly and coaxially with the workpiece turntable through the core chuck to drive the gear to be tested and the workpiece. The rotary table rotates coaxially, adjust the Z-direction height of the laser displacement sensor through the servo motor, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor hits the tooth surface, set the offset value e after calibration, and adjust the X-axis guide rail movement through the servo motor to make the laser The displacement sensor is located in the offset position, and the controller drives the servo motor to adjust the laser displacement sensor to move along the Y-axis guide rail to move closer to the gear surface, so that the measured tooth profile index circle is located at the standard range D of the laser displacement sensor. The displacement indicator is zero.
为了进一步实现测量数据的采集,步骤(3),规定被测齿轮渐开线展开方向反向为当前测量的回转方向,回转驱动装置驱动工件回转台带动被测齿轮转动,同时激光位移传感器将激光束投射到被测齿廓上,进行相对于X轴位置位移坐标数据的采集,以被测齿轮坐标系的中心为极点,采集到的的数据为被测齿轮为极点为中心转过的角度和该角度对应的激光位移传感器到齿面的距离。In order to further realize the collection of measurement data, in step (3), it is stipulated that the involute unfolding direction of the measured gear is reversed to the rotation direction of the current measurement, and the rotary drive device drives the workpiece turntable to drive the measured gear to rotate. The beam is projected onto the measured tooth profile, and the coordinate data of displacement relative to the X-axis position is collected. Taking the center of the measured gear coordinate system as the pole, the collected data is the angle and the rotation angle of the measured gear as the center. This angle corresponds to the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the tooth surface.
为了进一步反向偏置量的设置,步骤(4)中,设置偏置量为步骤(2) 中单侧偏置量的两倍,具体为,通过伺服电机驱动激光位移传感器沿X轴向另一方向偏置,经过一个偏置量激光束回到偏置前的标定处,经过两个偏置量到达相对于被测齿轮坐标系X轴一个偏置量的位置,此时被测齿面为齿轮的另一侧齿面,规定该侧被测齿面的渐开线展开方向反向为当前测量的回转方向。In order to further set the reverse bias amount, in step (4), set the bias amount to be twice the one-sided bias amount in step (2), specifically, drive the laser displacement sensor along the X-axis through the servo motor. Offset in one direction, the laser beam returns to the calibration position before the offset through an offset, and reaches a position with an offset relative to the X-axis of the measured gear coordinate system after two offsets. At this time, the measured tooth surface It is the tooth surface of the other side of the gear, and it is stipulated that the involute development direction of the measured tooth surface on this side is reversed to the rotation direction of the current measurement.
为了进一步实现各个测量点坐标的计算,步骤(5)中,极坐标的转换方法具体为,取任意两点pm和pn,两点的测量值为pm(l测m,θm),pn(l测n,θn), l测为激光位移传感器到齿面被测点的距离,l测m为激光位移传感器到齿面被测点pm的距离,l测n为激光位移传感器到齿面被测点pn的距离,θm为激光位移传感器测量点pm时工件回转台内设有的角度编码器所对应的点pm的角度读数,θn为激光位移传感器测量点pn时角度编码器所对应的点pn的角度读数,激光位移传感器到X轴的距离为d,则被测点到X轴的距离为 l=d-l测,偏置值为e,测量结果可转化为极坐标公式以pm为基准,pm与X轴的夹角为arcos(e/rm),从pm到pn齿轮转过的角度为θn-θm, pn与Y轴的夹角为arsin(e/rn),则pm和pn相对于齿轮坐标系的夹角θ=arcos(e/rm)+θn-θm+arsin(e/rn)-π/2,令被测点pm为初始点零点,pn点为pm点的下一个转换点,将pm和pn转化极坐标为pm(rm,0),pn(rn,θ),其中θ=arcos(e/rm)+θn-θm+arsin(e/rn)-π/2,转换下一个点时,令下一点为pn+1,转换点pn+1的极坐标公式为pn+1(rn+1,θ+θ1), pn点后的下i个转换点的极坐标公式为其中,θ1=arcos(e/rn)+θn+1-θn+arsin(e/rn+1)-π/2,θj=arcos(e/rn+j-1)+θn+j-θn+j-1+arsin(e/rn+j)-π/2,j≥1且为整数;θn+1为激光位移传感器测量点pn+1时角度编码器所对应的点pn+1的角度读数。In order to further realize the calculation of the coordinates of each measurement point, in step (5), the conversion method of polar coordinates is as follows: take any two points p m and p n , and the measurement values of the two points are p m (1 measurement m , θ m ) , p n (l measure n , θ n ), l measure is the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the measured point on the tooth surface, l measure m is the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the measured point p m on the tooth surface, l measure n is the laser The distance from the displacement sensor to the measured point p n on the tooth surface, θ m is the angle reading of the point p m corresponding to the angle encoder provided in the workpiece turntable when the laser displacement sensor measures the point p m , and θ n is the laser displacement sensor When measuring point p n , the angle reading of the point p n corresponding to the angle encoder, the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the X axis is d, then the distance from the measured point to the X axis is l=dl, and the offset value is e, Measurement results can be converted into polar coordinate formulas Taking p m as the benchmark, the angle between p m and the X axis is arcos(e/r m ), the angle that the gear rotates from p m to p n is θ n -θ m , and the angle between p n and the Y axis is arsin(e/r n ), then the angle between p m and p n relative to the gear coordinate system θ=arcos(e/r m )+θ n -θ m +arsin(e/r n )-π/2, Let the measured point p m be the initial zero point, p n be the next conversion point of p m , convert p m and p n into polar coordinates p m (r m ,0), p n (r n ,θ ),in θ=arcos(e/r m )+θ n -θ m +arsin(e/r n )-π/2, when converting the next point, let the next point be p n+1 , the conversion point of p n+1 is The polar coordinate formula is p n+1 (r n+1 ,θ+θ 1 ), and the polar coordinate formula of the next i conversion points after the p n point is in, θ 1 =arcos(e/r n )+θ n+1 -θ n +arsin(e/r n+1 )-π/2, θ j =arcos(e/r n+j-1 )+θ n +j -θ n+j-1 + arsin(e/r n +j )-π/2, j≥1 and is an integer; The angle reading of the corresponding point p n+1 .
本发明中通过激光位移传感器测出光斑像的位置,计算出主光线的角度,从而计算出物体表面该点处的位置参数,通过本发明的方法,可以改善激光光束和齿面法向的夹角,使激光光束打在齿面上的光斑汇聚成一点,改善了过齿轮中心的测量激光光束在齿面较陡处光线无法汇聚成一点而导致测量数据波动的问题,可以实现复杂齿轮的测量,测量过程中齿面数据无波动,精度好;可应用于各种齿轮的测量工作中。In the present invention, the position of the spot image is measured by the laser displacement sensor, the angle of the chief ray is calculated, and the position parameter at the point on the surface of the object is calculated. Through the method of the present invention, the clamping between the laser beam and the normal direction of the tooth surface can be improved. The angle of the laser beam on the tooth surface converges to a point, which improves the problem that the measurement laser beam passing through the center of the gear cannot converge to a point at the steeper tooth surface, resulting in the fluctuation of the measurement data, which can realize the measurement of complex gears. , There is no fluctuation in the tooth surface data during the measurement process, and the accuracy is good; it can be used in the measurement of various gears.
本发明并不局限于上述实施例,在本发明公开的技术方案的基础上,本领域的技术人员根据所公开的技术内容,不需要创造性的劳动就可以对其中的一些技术特征作出一些替换和变形,这些替换和变形均在本发明保护范围内。The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. On the basis of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some of the technical features according to the disclosed technical contents without creative work. Modifications, replacements and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
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