CN112253241B

CN112253241B - Mining goaf collapse impact air wave automatic buffering protection system

Info

Publication number: CN112253241B
Application number: CN202011128532.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 武泉林; 李�浩; 武泉森; 李文林; 付丹丹
Original assignee: Jining University
Current assignee: Jining University
Priority date: 2020-10-21
Filing date: 2020-10-21
Publication date: 2022-09-27
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-21
Also published as: CN112253241A

Abstract

The invention relates to a mining goaf collapse impact air wave automatic buffering protection system which comprises a sensor, a signal processing control device and a buffering device, wherein the sensor, the signal processing control device and the buffering device are installed in a roadway, the sensor is connected with the signal processing control device, the signal processing control device is connected with the buffering device, and the buffering device comprises an ejection rod, a buffering sail and a damping device. When the sensor senses impact air waves, the inner rod is popped out, the connecting point with the buffering sail at the top end of the inner rod moves to the second side of the roadway, so that the switching device arranged at the top end of the inner rod is connected with the bearing device, falls off from the top end of the inner rod and is connected with the damping device together with the bearing device. The damping device is connected with the first side of the roadway through the two connecting points of the buffering sail, the other two connecting points which are taken to the second side by the inner rod are separated from the inner rod and then are connected with the damping device, the buffering sail is blown up by the air waves, the damping device is pulled by the four connecting points, and the damping device can consume the energy of the air waves.

Description

Mining goaf collapse impact air wave automatic buffering protection system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of mine protection, in particular to an automatic buffering protection system for collapse impact air waves of a mining goaf.

Background

In the process of underground mining, along with the continuous increase of the depth of a mine, more and more mines are threatened by rock burst accidents. A goaf with a certain scale is formed in most mines, and instability of the goaf easily causes various safety accidents to form rock burst. The rock burst refers to the instant release of elastic strain accumulated in coal working face and coal rock mass around roadway, and huge energy causes the coal rock mass of working face and roadway to collapse and cast instantly. Along with the caving of the goaf roof, air in the goaf is compressed, when the compressed air is discharged from a roadway communicated with the goaf, the compressed air has high speed which is higher than 100m/s, and forms destructive air waves, and the formed air shock waves generate great safety threat to underground operation personnel and equipment, and even can cause the mine to be scrapped. The air shock wave formed by large area roof fall has huge destructive power, and the resulting consequences are hard to imagine.

The recorded shock intensity caused by the rock burst accident can reach the grade of the 4.6 Lee's earthquake, and once the rock burst happens, disastrous damage can be caused to underground personnel and equipment. The influence range of the rock burst is not limited to the area where the rock burst occurs, and due to the fact that a large-area roof instantly falls off, high-pressure high-speed impact air waves formed by air in a compressed mine can damage the whole mine, and even a shaft bottom yard can be damaged.

The current measures taken against mine blast currents are mainly containment walls, i.e. the propagation of the current is prevented by closing the roadway, and the method is only applicable to abandoned working faces as the roadway is blocked by containment walls. The working face and the matched roadway which are normally produced cannot adopt the impact prevention measure of the sealing wall because the roadway is required to be normally used.

The Chinese utility model patent publication No. CN 208564614U discloses an active defense system for coal and gas explosion, which is provided with a shock wave induction device and an explosion door; chinese patent publication No. CN 110284927A discloses an automatic protection device based on goaf collapse under open well combined mining, which is provided with a sensor and a protection device, wherein the protection device comprises a protection door. Both techniques are such that when a collapse occurs, the sensor triggers and the guard door closes. Although the structure can block airflow, the tunnel is often provided with a plurality of branch branches due to the complex arrangement of the tunnel in the underground mine, the system can only protect the part of the tunnel where the system is installed, and the energy of air waves still exists, so that the energy can cause damage to other equipment and personnel.

Chinese utility model patent publication No. CN 207583418U discloses an explosion suppression flame proof device is initiatively pressed down to gasbag formula, sets up detector 6, detonates folding gasbag 15 after the detector triggers, and folding gasbag 15 is full of the tunnel, cuts off the shock wave propagation. After the protective air bag 18 is formed, the air bag can be quickly deformed under the impact of the air wave, and the absorption amount of the energy of the air wave is limited.

The Chinese patent publication No. CN 107975386A discloses a coal mine gas explosion buffer device, which comprises an expansion decompression chamber, a mechanical blocking module and a motion damping module, wherein when gas explosion occurs and shock waves are transmitted to the expansion decompression chamber, the section of the expansion decompression chamber is instantly enlarged, the mechanical blocking module blocks the shock waves, and the kinetic energy is consumed through a guide rail two-stage hydraulic buffer damping unit. Although the structure can absorb the energy of air waves through damping, the device needs to occupy more space of a roadway, affects the working face of normal production, affects the installation of the supporting pipeline line of the roadway, can only fixedly install the structure, passively waits for the purpose of being hidden at ordinary times without affecting production, and instantaneously changes the shape of the buffer device during accidents to achieve the effect of buffering.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a mining goaf collapse impact blast automatic buffering protection system which can absorb the energy of the goaf collapse impact blast through an energy absorption device.

In order to solve the technical problem, the mining goaf collapse impact air wave automatic buffering protection system comprises a sensor, a signal processing control device and a buffering device which are arranged in a roadway, wherein the sensor is connected with the signal processing control device, the signal processing control device is connected with the buffering device, the buffering device comprises an ejection rod, a buffering sail and a damping device, the ejection rod comprises a first ejection rod and a second ejection rod which are respectively arranged at two ends of a first side of the roadway, the ejection rod comprises a hollow loop bar which is vertical or basically vertical to the side wall of the roadway, is embedded in the side wall of the roadway and is fixed with the side wall of the roadway, and an inner rod which is sleeved in the hollow loop bar and can slide along the hollow loop bar, the bottom of the hollow loop bar is provided with an ejection mechanism capable of ejecting the inner rod, the length of the inner rod is matched with the width of the roadway, and the outer edge of the tail end of the inner rod is provided with a limiting block, the inner edge of the outer end of the hollow loop bar is provided with a limit ring matched with the limit block;

the buffer sail comprises connecting points arranged at four corners, wherein two adjacent connecting points are connected with a damping device at the top and/or the bottom of the first side of the roadway, the other two connecting points are connected with a switching device, and the switching device is arranged at the top end of the inner rod in a detachable mode;

and the top and the bottom of the second side of the roadway are provided with bearing devices matched with the switching device, and the bearing devices are connected with a damping device.

When the sensor senses impact air waves, the processing control device sends a signal, the triggering device triggers the popping device, the inner rod is popped out, the connecting point of the top end of the inner rod with the buffering sail moves to the second side of the roadway, the switching device arranged at the top end of the inner rod is connected with the bearing device, and the switching device falls off from the top end of the inner rod and is connected with the damping device together with the bearing device.

Because the buffering sail is provided with two connecting points which are connected with the damping device at the first side of the roadway, the other two connecting points which are taken to the second side by the inner rod are separated from the inner rod and then are connected with the damping device, when the air wave arrives, the buffering sail is blown up by the air wave, the damping device is pulled by the four connecting points, and the damping device can consume the energy of the air wave. The proper buffer stroke and buffer force can be designed through calculation, so that the buffer sail, the buffer sail and the damping device can bear the impact and can last for a period of time, and the effect of consuming the energy of the blast is achieved.

As a further improvement, the inner rod comprises an innermost rod and at least one middle rod, the middle rod is sleeved between the hollow sleeve rod and the innermost rod, the inner end and the outer end of the middle rod are open, a limiting block matched with a limiting ring on the inner edge of the outer end of the hollow sleeve rod is arranged at the inner end of the middle rod, the tail end of the innermost rod is provided with a limiting block, and a limiting ring matched with the limiting block is arranged on the inner edge of the outer end of the middle rod.

The ejection rod can be composed of multi-stage plungers, the innermost rod and the middle rod are all sleeved in the hollow sleeve rod, after the ejection device is triggered, the innermost rod is ejected, the limiting device at the tail end of the innermost rod drives the middle rod to also eject, the middle rod can be arranged in multiple stages, and finally all the middle rods are ejected, so that the ejection rod is short in length when not in use, and the length can be matched with the width of a roadway when being explored.

The pop-up mechanism is provided with a gas generating unit communicated with the bottom of the hollow loop bar, a gas generating agent is arranged in the gas generating unit and is connected with a trigger device, the trigger device is connected with a signal processing control device, and the inner bar is closed.

The gas generating agent is detonated when triggered, the inner rod is pushed out by high-pressure gas, the rod is ejected very fast, and timely response can be made to the condition that the distance between the gas waves and the ground is short.

The spring mechanism is a spring and a spring trigger mechanism which are arranged at the bottom of the hollow loop bar, and the spring trigger mechanism is connected with a signal processing control device.

The damping device is a hydraulic device, a heavy mass connected with a rope or a spring.

The damping device is connected with the speed reducing device. The speed reducer can increase the buffering stroke, so that the buffering force is reduced, the buffering sail and the damping device can bear the impact and can be connected for a period of time, and the effect of consuming the energy of the air waves is achieved.

The speed reducer is a pulley block or a speed reducer.

The system also comprises rails arranged at two ends of the first side and the second side of the roadway, two connection points of the buffering sail, which are close to the first side of the roadway, are connected to a sliding device capable of sliding along the rails, and the sliding block is connected with the buffering device; the bearing device can slide along the track, and the bearing device is connected with the buffer device.

Set up the track on four angles in tunnel, set up slider or lantern ring on the track, the tie point on four angles of buffering sail is even on the slider, can make the tie point of buffering sail four angles when the motion hug closely all the time on four angles in tunnel like this for the opening degree of buffering sail is the biggest all the time.

Be equipped with the connecting rod between two tie points of the first side in tunnel, be equipped with the connecting rod between two tie points of the second side in tunnel. In the four connecting points of the buffering sail, every two connecting points are connected through a rigid connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected with the sliding block and the bearing device, so that two ends of the connecting rod also move along the rail, the buffering sail is in a fully opened state, and a gap between the buffering sail and the wall of the roadway is minimum.

The system also comprises an inner rod rail arranged at the top and/or the bottom of the roadway, and an inner rod sliding block matched with the inner rod rail is arranged at the top end of the inner rod. The track and the sliding block are arranged, so that the direction is more determined when the inner rod is popped out, and the switching device and the bearing device are more reliably and accurately butted.

After the structure is adopted, when a sensor senses impact stormy waves, the processing control device sends out signals, the triggering device triggers the popping device, the inner rod is popped out, the connecting point of the top end of the inner rod with the buffering sail moves towards the second side of the roadway, the switching device arranged at the top end of the inner rod is connected with the bearing device, the switching device falls off from the top end of the inner rod and is connected with the damping device together with the bearing device, the buffering sail is provided with two connecting points which are connected with the damping device at the first side of the roadway, the other two connecting points which are brought to the second side by the inner rod are disconnected with the inner rod and then are connected with the damping device, when the stormy waves arrive, the buffering sail is blown up by the stormy waves, the damping device is pulled by the four connecting points, and the damping device can consume the energy of the stormy waves. The proper buffer stroke and buffer force can be designed through calculation, so that the buffer sail, the buffer sail and the damping device can bear impact and can last for a period of time, the effect of consuming air wave energy is achieved, and personnel and equipment in a mine are protected from being damaged.

Drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a side view of an automatic buffering and protecting system for collapse impact air waves of a mining goaf.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a roadway with the automatic bumper guard system deactivated.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a roadway with an automatic bumper guard system activated.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the eject lever, in which the eject lever is not ejected.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the ejection lever, in which the ejection lever has been ejected.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the mining goaf collapse impact air wave automatic buffering protection system, wherein the automatic buffering protection system is not triggered.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the mining goaf collapse impact blast automatic buffering protection system, which is triggered.

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the mining goaf collapse impact wave automatic buffering protection system, wherein impact waves reach the protection system.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a cushioning apparatus in which the automatic cushioning protection system is not activated.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the configuration of the cushioning apparatus, wherein the automatic cushioning protection system has been activated.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the sail when it is open and moving under the impact of a wave, without the connecting rods at the two sides.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of the sail when it is open and moving under the impact of a wave, with the attachment points on both sides provided with attachment rods.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the adapter and the adapter, which are not coupled.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the adapter and the adapter, both of which are shown in combination.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the adapter and the adapter, both of which have been disengaged.

Detailed Description

As shown in figure 1, the automatic buffering and protecting system for mining goaf collapse impact air waves comprises a sensor 2, a signal processing control device 3 and a buffering device 4 which are installed in a roadway 1, wherein the sensor 2 is connected with the signal processing control device 3 through a transmission cable 5, and the signal processing control device 3 is connected with the buffering device 4. When the sensor 2 senses impact air waves, the signal processing control device 3 sends out signals, the buffer device 4 starts to operate, and at least part of energy of the air waves is buffered. The sensor 2 may be one or more of an ultrasonic ranging sensor, a 3D acceleration sensor, and a pressure sensor, and may be any sensor as long as it can detect that a destructive surge blast is generated in the roadway 1, and the signal processing control device 3 may comprehensively determine, by using various sensors, whether or not the buffer device 4 is operated and how to operate by determining, by using a preset program, the magnitude, direction, and destructive strength of the surge blast, and transmitting a command signal to the buffer device 4. The buffer device 4 can be provided with a plurality of groups in the roadway to form multi-stage buffering. The sensors 2 can be arranged on two sides of the buffer device 4, the buffer device 4 can respond to signals transmitted by the sensors on the two sides, and the buffer device can buffer air waves from two sides.

As shown in fig. 2, the damping device 4 comprises an ejection lever 6, a damping sail 7 and a damping device 8.

The ejection rod 6 comprises a first ejection rod and a second ejection rod which are respectively arranged at two ends of the first side 1a of the roadway 1.

The first side 1a of tunnel 1 is the one side of installation pop-up lever 6, can be left side or right side, also can be upside or bottom, lies in the left pop-up lever of tunnel 1 in fig. 2 promptly, also can install on the right side, also can be ceiling or ground, can select according to actual conditions and installation degree of difficulty.

In this embodiment, the first ejection rod and the second ejection rod are called an upper ejection rod 6a and a lower ejection rod 6b, and are respectively installed at the top and the bottom of the first side 1a of the roadway 1 as shown in fig. 2, the ejection rod 6 includes a hollow loop bar 61 embedded in the side wall of the roadway 1 and fixed with the side wall of the roadway, an inner rod 62 sleeved in the hollow loop bar 61 and capable of sliding along the hollow loop bar 61, the hollow loop bar 61 is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the side wall of the roadway 1 as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the bottom of the hollow loop bar 61 is provided with an ejection mechanism capable of ejecting the inner rod, the length of the inner rod 62 is matched with the width of the roadway 1, the outer edge of the tail end of the inner rod 62 is provided with a limit block 63, and the inner edge of the outer end of the hollow loop bar 61 is provided with a limit ring 64 matched with the limit block 63.

The damping sail 7 comprises connection points 71 arranged at the four corners, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, wherein two adjacent connection points 71 are connected to the damping device 8 at the top and/or bottom of the first side 1a of the tunnel 1, and two other connection points 71 are connected to the adapter device 9, wherein the adapter device 9 is detachably mounted at the top end of the inner rod 62.

And bearing devices 10 matched with the adapter device 9 are arranged at the top and the bottom of the second side 1b of the roadway 1, and the bearing devices 10 are connected with the damping device 8.

When the sensor 2 senses impact air waves, the processing and control device 3 sends a signal, the triggering device triggers the popping device 65, the inner rod 62 is popped out, the connecting point 71 with the buffering sail 7 at the top end of the inner rod 62 moves to the second side of the roadway, so that the adapter device 9 arranged at the top end of the inner rod 71 is connected with the bearing device 10, the adapter device 9 falls off from the top end of the inner rod and is connected with the damping device together with the bearing device 10, and the impact air waves are shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.

Because the buffering sail 7 is provided with two connecting points 71 which are connected with the damping device 8 with the first side of the roadway, and the other two connecting points 71 which are brought to the second side 1b by the inner rod 62 are separated from the inner rod 62 and then connected with the damping device 8, when the air wave comes, the buffering sail 7 is blown up by the air wave, the four connecting points 71 pull the damping device 8, the damping device 8 does work, and the energy of the air wave can be consumed. The proper buffering stroke and buffering force can be designed through calculation, so that the buffering sail 7, the buffering sail 7 and the damping device 8 can bear the impact and can be connected for a period of time, and the effect of consuming the energy of the air waves is achieved.

As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the inner rod 62 includes an innermost rod 621 and at least one middle rod 622 sleeved between the hollow sleeve rod 61 and the innermost rod 621, the inner end and the outer end of the middle rod 622 are open, the inner end of the middle rod 622 is provided with a limit block 63 matched with the limit ring 64 on the inner edge of the outer end of the hollow sleeve rod 61, the tail end of the innermost rod 621 is provided with a limit block 63, and the inner edge of the outer end of the middle rod 622 is provided with a limit ring 64 matched with the limit block 63.

The ejection rod 6 can be composed of multistage plungers, the innermost rod 621 and the middle rod 622 are all sleeved in the hollow sleeve rod 61, after the ejection device 65 is triggered, the innermost rod 621 ejects, the limiting device at the tail end of the innermost rod 621 drives the middle rod 622 to also eject, the middle rod 622 can be arranged in multiple stages, and finally all the middle rods 622 eject, so that the ejection rod 6 is short in length when not in use, and the length can be matched with the width of the roadway 1 when in extension. The sealing rings are arranged among the innermost rod 621, the middle rod 622 and the hollow sleeved rod 61 for sealing.

The adapter 9 may be a convex structure sleeved on the top end of the inner rod 62, and is connected with the connection point 71 of the buffering sail 7, when the elastic rod 6 is not ejected, as shown in fig. 13, the adapter 9 is mounted on the top end of the inner rod 62, when the elastic rod 6 is popped out, the elastic rod moves to the other side 1b of the roadway 1 along with the inner rod 62, is butted with the bearing device 10, as shown in fig. 14, a relatively weak elastic clamp 91 is arranged between the inner rod 62 and the adapter 9, so as to ensure that the adapter 9 and the inner rod 62 do not fall off when the system is not in operation and the elastic rod 6 is ejected, the connection and the next action of the adapter device 9 and the receiving device 10 are not affected after the adapter device 9 is combined with the receiving device 10, that is, after the elastic rod 6 is ejected, the switching device 9 and the receiving device 10 can be smoothly separated after the blast wave starts to impact the device, as shown in fig. 15. The receiving device 10 may be a hollow sphere, an opening 101 is provided in a direction facing the pop-up rod, the opening 101 is matched with the adapting device 9, a guide plate 102 is provided outside the opening and inwardly converges, a guide inclined plane 92 of the adapting device 9 is matched with the opening 101, a one-way door 103, a ratchet pawl and the like with sufficient strength are provided in the opening 101, the adapting device 9 is provided with a protruding stop 93 matched with the one-way door, so that the adapting device 9 is pushed into the receiving device 10 by the inner rod 62, and the adapting device cannot fall off from the receiving device 10 in a process that the buffering sail 7 bears the blast. A limit stop is arranged at the position where the receiving device 10 contacts the top end of the inner rod 62, so that the inner rod 62 stops at a proper position, the receiving device 10 is prevented from being damaged by the residual kinetic energy of the inner rod 62 while the adapter 9 is ensured to be sent into the receiving device 10.

The ejection mechanism 65 has two embodiments, one is a gas generating unit communicated with the bottom of the hollow loop bar 61, a gas generating agent is arranged in the gas generating unit, the gas generating agent is connected with a triggering device, and the triggering device is connected with a signal processing control device. The end or top of the innermost rod 621 is closed, the end of the hollow sleeve rod is closed, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, both ends of the middle rod 622 are open. The gas generating agent is detonated when triggered, the inner rod 62 is pushed out by high-pressure gas, the rod is ejected very fast, and the gas generating agent can also make a timely response to the condition that the distance between the gas waves and the ground is short.

The gas generating unit may use a gas generator similar in principle to an airbag of an automobile. The explosive force of gas powder in the gas generator is enough to quickly eject the inner rod and the middle rod. The gas generator is filled with about 5 to 6 grams of gas chemicals which can be nitrate gas generating agents and generally comprise reducing agents and oxidizing agents, wherein the reducing agents can be carbohydrazide complexes, the oxidizing agents can be KCLO4 or KNO3, and the specific dosage can be obtained according to actual conditions and experiments and calculation.

The second type of pop-up mechanism is a spring and a spring trigger mechanism (not shown in the figure) arranged at the bottom of the hollow loop bar, and the spring trigger mechanism is connected with a signal processing control device.

As shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, an inner rod rail 11 is arranged at the top and/or the bottom of the roadway 1, the inner rod rail 11 is perpendicular to the roadway direction, and an inner rod slider 12 matched with the inner rod rail 11 is arranged at the top end of the inner rod 62. The arrangement of the inner rod rail 11 and the inner rod slider 12 can ensure that the direction is more determined when the inner rod 62 is popped out, so that the adapter device and the bearing device can be more reliably and accurately butted.

The damping device 8 is a device for reducing kinetic energy, which can also be called as an energy consumption device or an energy absorption device, and the buffering sail 7 connected with the damping device can absorb the kinetic energy of the impact air waves when moving for a certain distance. The damping device 8 may be various dampers, or hydraulic devices, heavy masses or springs connected to ropes, etc. The damping device 8 is connected with a speed reducing device 13. The reduction gear 13 can increase the buffering stroke, so as to reduce the buffering force, so that the buffering sail, the buffering sail and the damping device can bear the impact and can last for a period of time, thereby achieving the effect of consuming the energy of the blast. The speed reducer 13 is a pulley block or a speed reducer.

The damping device 8 and the reduction device 13 can be mounted on the tunnel wall, with the damping device connected by a rope. The damper device 8 and the reduction gear 13 may be installed at a position intermediate between the upper ejection lever 6a and the lower ejection lever 6 b.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the damping device 8 is a weight 81, the decelerating device 13 is a pulley set, and the two are connected by a rope, and then connected to four corners of the buffering sail 7 by a plurality of rollers, a distributing pulley, a hoisting tackle and the like. At least two ropes connected with the damping device 8 and the speed reducer 13 are divided into an upper path and a lower path through the branching wheel 17, the upper connecting point 71 and the lower connecting point 71 are connected in a distributed mode, the second branching wheel 19 is arranged at a position close to the connecting point 71, the connecting point 71 of the buffering sail 7 can move towards the left direction and the right direction, and the shock wave in the two directions can be adapted.

Other forms of damping device 8 and reduction device 13 may be hydraulic devices, reducers, etc., as shown in fig. 6 to 8. The rope at one end of the connection point 71 is connected to an output shaft (not shown) of the speed reducer, the rope can be wound on the output shaft for a plurality of circles, when the buffering sail 7 acts, the rope is released through rotation of the output shaft, and the output shaft is also connected with the rope through a gear rack mechanism. The hydraulic device is connected with an input shaft of the speed reducer through a rope or a chain or a gear rack mechanism.

Damping devices 8 are arranged on the first side 1a and the second side 1b of the tunnel 1. It is also possible to arrange only one side and connect the connection points 71 of the first and second sides of the roadway by a series of diverting rollers. When the ejection rod 6 is not mounted on the side of the roadway 1, but on the ceiling or on the ground, the position of the damping device 8 can be adjusted as the case may be, and the damping device 8 is connected to the buffer sail 6 by means of a series of steering rollers (not shown in the figures).

Besides, rails 14 parallel to the roadway direction are arranged at the top and the bottom of the first side and the second side of the roadway 1, as shown in fig. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, two connection points 71 of the buffering sail 7 close to the first side of the roadway are connected to a sliding device 15 capable of sliding along the rails, and the sliding device 15 is connected with the buffering device 4; the receiving device 10 is slidable along the rail 14, and the receiving device 10 is connected to the buffer device 4. The slide 15 may be a slider disposed within the track 14, or the track may be a slide bar and the slide 15 may be a collar; the carrier 10 can be mounted directly on the rail 14 or the carrier 10 is also connected to the rail 14 by means of a sliding device 15.

Rails 14 are arranged at four corners of the roadway 1, sliding devices are arranged on the rails 14, and connection points 71 at four corners of the buffering sail 7 are connected to the sliding devices 15, so that the connection points 71 at four corners of the buffering sail 7 are always tightly attached to the four corners of the roadway 1 during movement, and the opening degree of the buffering sail 7 is larger, as shown in fig. 6 to 11.

Of course, the connection points 71 at the four corners of the buffering sail 7 may not be connected to the rails 14, but are directly connected to the buffering device 4 through ropes, so that the connection points 71 at the four corners of the buffering sail 7 may leave the four corners of the roadway 1, and may take the shape of a four-corner sail when acting under the impact of the air wave, and the effective area for intercepting the air wave may be smaller.

A connecting rod 16 is arranged between two connecting points 71 on the first side 1a of the roadway 1, a connecting rod 16 can also be arranged between two connecting points on the second side 1b of the roadway 1, and two side surfaces of the buffering sail are integrally connected with the connecting rod, as shown in the figure. Of the four connecting points 71 of the buffering sail 7, two connecting points are connected 16 by a rigid connecting rod, and the connecting rod 16 is connected with the sliding device 15 and the bearing device 10, so that the two ends of the connecting rod 16 also move along the track 14, as shown in fig. 12, the gap between the buffering sail 7 and the roadway wall is reduced, and the opening area of the buffering sail 7 is larger.

After the protection system is installed, an outer protection film can be arranged outside the protection system.

Claims

1. An automatic buffering and protecting system for mining goaf collapse impact air waves comprises a sensor, a signal processing control device and a buffering device which are arranged in a roadway, wherein the sensor is connected with the signal processing control device, the signal processing control device is connected with the buffering device,

the method is characterized in that: the buffer device comprises an ejection rod, a buffer sail and a damping device,

the ejection rods comprise a first ejection rod and a second ejection rod which are respectively installed at two ends of a first side of a roadway, each ejection rod comprises a hollow loop bar and an inner rod, the hollow loop bar is perpendicular or basically perpendicular to the side wall of the roadway, the hollow loop bar is embedded in the side wall of the roadway and fixed with the side wall of the roadway, the inner rod is sleeved in the hollow loop bar and can slide along the hollow loop bar, an ejection mechanism capable of ejecting the inner rod is arranged at the bottom of the hollow loop bar, the length of the inner rod is matched with the width of the roadway, the outer edge of the tail end of the inner rod is provided with a limiting block, and the outer end of the inner edge of the hollow loop bar is provided with a limiting ring matched with the limiting block;

the buffer sail comprises connecting points arranged at four corners, wherein two adjacent connecting points are connected with the damping device at the top and/or the bottom of the first side of the roadway, the other two connecting points are connected with the switching device, and the switching device can be arranged at the top end of the inner rod in a falling mode;

2. The automatic buffering and protecting system for the collapse impact air waves of the mining goaf according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inner rod comprises an innermost rod and at least one middle rod, the middle rod is sleeved between the hollow sleeve rod and the innermost rod, the inner end and the outer end of the middle rod are open, a limiting block matched with a limiting ring on the inner edge of the outer end of the hollow sleeve rod is arranged at the inner end of the middle rod, a limiting block is arranged at the tail end of the innermost rod, and a limiting ring matched with the limiting block is arranged on the inner edge of the outer end of the middle rod.

3. The mining goaf collapse impact blast automatic buffering protection system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pop-up mechanism is provided with a gas generating unit communicated with the bottom of the hollow loop bar, a gas generating agent is arranged in the gas generating unit and connected with a trigger device, the trigger device is connected with a signal processing control device, and the inner bar is closed.

4. The mining goaf collapse impact blast automatic buffering protection system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the spring mechanism is a spring and a spring trigger mechanism which are arranged at the bottom of the hollow loop bar, and the spring trigger mechanism is connected with a signal processing control device.

5. The mining goaf collapse impact blast automatic buffering protection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the damping device is a hydraulic device, a heavy mass connected with a rope or a spring.

6. The automatic buffering and protecting system for the collapse impact air waves of the mining goaf according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the damping device is connected with the speed reducing device.

7. The automatic buffering and protecting system for the collapse impact air waves of the mining goaf according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the speed reducer is a pulley block or a speed reducer.

8. The automatic buffering and protecting system for the collapse impact air waves of the mining goaf according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the device also comprises rails arranged at two ends of the first side and the second side of the roadway, two connection points of the buffering sail, which are close to the first side of the roadway, are connected to a sliding device capable of sliding along the rails, and the sliding device is connected with a buffering device;

the bearing device can slide along the track and is connected with the buffer device.

9. The automatic buffering and protecting system for the collapse impact air waves of the mining goaf according to claim 8, is characterized in that: a connecting rod is arranged between two connecting points on the first side of the tunnel, and/or

A connecting rod is arranged between the two connecting points on the second side of the roadway.

10. The mining goaf collapse impact blast automatic buffering protection system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the device is characterized by further comprising an inner rod rail arranged at the top and/or the bottom of the roadway, and an inner rod sliding block matched with the inner rod rail is arranged at the top end of the inner rod.