RU2580331C1 - Methods for localizing highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances in mines during blasting operations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental protection.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the protection of the environment from the harmful effects of hazardous and highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances and can be used to prevent the consequences of accidents during in mines blasting with charges or explosive devices. Method of localizing highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances into the underground workings during blasting works include the construction of barriers to form a sealed working volume and at least one buffer volume. In place to obscure the pumping system to create a low pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. Size of the working volume of the pump longer possible volume of gas products formed during the bombing of an explosive device. Pumping quantity of buffer volume several times larger than the possible volume of gaseous combustion products comprising medium through the impingement barrier of the working volume.

EFFECT: improving the protection of the environment from highly environmentally hazardous or explosive products.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for protecting the environment from the dangerous and harmful effects of highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances and can be used to prevent the consequences of emergencies during blasting in a mine with charges or explosive devices containing highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances.

The well-known "Method of localizing the energy of a blast wave and a device for its implementation" (see patent RU No. 2174602, E21F 5/02, publ. 10.10.2001), used to suppress the energy of a shock wave during the explosion of gas and dust in mines. A method of localizing blast wave energy involves erecting barriers for blast wave energy in a section of a mine; in the place of installing a barrier in a main mine, arranging for expansion by sinking through a sidewall of a bypass mine. Additional means of localizing the energy of the blast wave and actively extinguishing the flame front are placed in the bypass working out.

In options:

- at the entrance to the expanding part of the mine set the bump of the front of the energy of the blast wave;

- as an additional means of localizing the energy of the blast wave, a foam curtain is used, and a self-expanding parachute bridge is used as a screen for its formation;

- against the front of the blast wave flame, at least one bunker with a fire extinguishing composition is placed along the bypass working out;

- a bunker with a fire extinguishing composition is placed in a special niche or well;

- the bunker with a fire extinguishing composition is equipped with an ejector with a drive mechanism in communication with a remotely installed emergency sensor;

- as a bunker with a fire extinguishing composition, an easily destructible container with liquid nitrogen is used;

- the expansion is arranged at the place of crossing crossing by connecting it through a gateway device in the roof of the main mine with access to crossing;

- in the wings of crossing set traps that localize the energy of the blast wave;

- the bypass working and the input and output branches of crossing pass with the formation of a maze made by partitions installed in the working on opposite sides and offset relative to each other along the longitudinal axis of the working;

- the barriers in the main production set before leaving the bypass working on the main;

- the bump front of the blast wave at the crossover mine is hinged to the cross section of the main mine and provide communication with a remotely installed emergency sensor;

- as an additional means of localizing the energy of the blast wave and extinguishing the flame front, dead-end niches-traps are made in the form of district water collectors.

The device for localizing the energy of the blast wave includes movable front and rear carriages connected by a flexible connection, a descent trigger, guards rigidly attached to the chains, guides of the descent with a limiter, integrated into the guards of the cartridge with gas generating devices, the output nozzles of which are oriented opposite to the direction of the shock wave, and on the rear carriage set a self-opening fence made in the form of a parachute bridge.

The disadvantage of this method and device for localizing the energy of the blast wave is the possibility of penetration of highly toxic or environmentally hazardous explosion products through barriers that are not airtight, into the zone of the main mine and further into the environment.

The well-known "Complex of technical means of protection" (see patent RU No. 2354927, F42D 5/04, publ. 05/10/2009, Bull. No. 13), used in blasting operations with charges or explosive devices of great destructive force, containing in addition to conventional explosive substances highly toxic and environmentally hazardous products. The complex of technical means of protection consists of at least three cascades of protection. The first is an explosion-proof chamber in which a charge or explosive device is placed. The second one is a device localized around the explosion-proof chamber, which allows holding highly toxic and environmentally hazardous explosion products and removing the explosion-proof chamber, which unauthorizedly lost its tightness, into the sump. The third is the terminal box in the mine working, locked by a cascade of at least three boxes: an armored box with an armored door and at least two pressure boxes with a pressure door each.

A disadvantage of the known complex of technical means of protection is the possibility of the explosion products penetrating through the third cascade of protection in an emergency when, when the first and second cascade of protection is destroyed, hot explosion products fall into the working volume of the mine and increase the pressure in it. When exposed to elevated pressure of a medium containing highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances on thermocouples having structural and technological leaks, these substances may enter the environment.

This patent is selected as a prototype.

The task is to ensure that in case of an emergency during blasting in the mine with charges or explosive devices containing highly toxic or environmentally hazardous products, to ensure the complete localization of hazardous substances in a given volume of mining.

The technical result consists in increasing the protection of the environment from highly toxic or environmentally hazardous explosion products.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a method for the localization of highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances in a mine during blasting is proposed, including the erection of cross-sections in the mine working with the formation of a sealed working volume and at least one buffer volume, in a sealed working volume and in each pumping systems are placed in the buffer volume to create a reduced pressure with respect to atmospheric pressure, while the amount of pumping from the working volume is greater than the estimated gas volume s products formed by blasting of the explosive device, the pumping quantity of each buffer volume is several times greater than the calculated volume of gaseous combustion products containing medium screener through impingement of the previous volume.

Creating with the help of barriers dividing the main volume of mining into a sealed working volume and a buffer volume, and installing a pumping system to create a reduced pressure with respect to atmospheric pressure allows you to:

- create a reduced pressure in the working volume with respect to atmospheric pressure, at which the evacuation value is greater than the possible volume of gas products generated when the explosive device is detonated and exit the explosion-proof device in the event of its destruction, i.e. Accidents

- create a reduced pressure in the buffer volume with respect to atmospheric pressure, at which the pumping amount is several times greater than the possible leakage rate of the medium containing gaseous products of the explosion from the working volume.

The pressure of the gaseous medium in the buffer volume will always be lower than the pressure in the working volume containing gaseous products of the explosion, while the gas flows of the environment will be directed inside the buffer volume. This ensures the full localization of highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances that fell into the working volume during an accident in a given volume of mining.

In the embodiment, it is possible to create several buffer volumes by increasing barriers and pumping devices, while increasing the reliability of localization of highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances in a given volume of mining

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a method for localizing highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances in a mine, where:

1 - mining;

2 - screening;

3 - working volume;

4 - buffer volume;

5 - devices of the pumping system;

6 - charge with a protective device (explosive device).

Using the method of localization of highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances in mining is as follows:

- perform mining 1, for example, an adit, in which at least two shutters 2 are installed, dividing the main adit volume into sealed working volume 3 and buffer volume 4;

- from the working volume 3 and the buffer volume 4 through the blocking of the shields 2 output devices of the pumping system 5;

- through the doorways of the screeners 2 deliver from the mouth of the mine to a predetermined area of the working volume 3 explosive device 6;

- carry out the preparation of the explosive device 6 to undermine;

- close the doors of the screen 2;

- at a predetermined time before the charge is detonated, the working volume 3 and the buffer volume 4 are pumped out, while ensuring:

a) the amount of pumping out of the working volume 3 is greater than the possible volume of gas products generated during the explosion of the explosive device 6;

b) the amount of pumping from the buffer volume 4 is several times larger than the possible volume of the medium containing gaseous products of the explosion flowing through the airtight barrier 2 from the working volume 3.

When the explosive device 6 is detonated in a normal situation, the explosion products are localized inside the protective device, for example, in an explosion-proof chamber. In the event of an accident, when the protective device is destroyed and the explosion products fall into the working volume 3, the pressure inside the working volume 3 increases, but does not exceed atmospheric pressure, since the amount of pumping out of the working volume 3 is greater than the possible volume of gaseous products generated when the explosive device 6 is detonated. . Due to the increase in pressure in the working volume 3, which exceeds the pressure in the buffer volume 4, gas explosion products may enter the buffer volume 4, but the pressure inside the buffer volume 4 remains below atmospheric pressure, since the pumping volume from the buffer volume 4 is much larger than possible the volume of incoming gaseous products from the working volume 3.

The method of localization of highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances in the mine was tested in an explosive experiment and showed high localization efficiency in the mining of explosion products.

Claims (1)

A method of localizing highly toxic and environmentally hazardous substances in a mine during blasting, including erecting barriers in the mine section to form a sealed working volume and at least one buffer volume, characterized in that pumping systems are placed in a sealed working volume and in each buffer volume to create a reduced pressure with respect to atmospheric pressure, while the amount of pumping out of the working volume is greater than the estimated volume of gas products formed during ve explosive device, the pumping quantity of each buffer volume is several times greater than the calculated volume of gaseous combustion products containing medium screener through impingement of the previous volume.

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