RU2426092C1 - System of automatic control of industrial and ecological safety of reservoirs with light fire-explosion hazardous product - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: system of automatic control of industrial and ecological safety of reservoirs with light fire and explosion hazardous product consists of automatic system of pump down of liquid phase of fire explosion hazardous product to treatment facilities under emergencies and of device for collection and removal of steam-gas phase at emergency condition in mechanism. Also, the said system additionally consists of device for condensation of steam-gas phase including a condenser-water separator with a central perforated pipe and a steam ejector connected to an access hatch of the mechanism through a coil. Steam-gas phase is supplied with the steam ejector into the central perforated pipe of the condenser-water separator with small holes, wherein at out flow through small holes mixture of steam-gas phase and steam is bubbled through a water layer of the condenser-water separator and is condensed. Condensed hydrocarbon portion rises to an upper part of the condenser-water separator and is periodically pumped out to treatment facilities, while steam condensed with water is periodically damped through a valve into sewage.

EFFECT: increased reliability and safety of mechanism and equipment operation under emergency situations at large volume of steam-gas phase in mechanism and prevention of its rupture.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial and environmental safety management in emergency situations at enterprises of the chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries, accompanied by contamination of the soil, water and air pools with harmful substances.

Fires occur during vapors and leaks of the vapor-gas phase from the reservoirs through the breathing valves of the reservoir (mechanical and hydraulic) during the so-called large and small breaths from the reservoir, which leads to the formation of a vapor-gas phase above the reservoir and when exposed to an ignition source, most often an atmospheric discharge, accumulated by thunderstorms clouds, leads to its ignition, explosion and fire in the tank.

A known system for protecting the tank from fire by watering the tank with water. However, this system is not very effective for large volumes of the vapor-gas phase, since only part of the vapor-gas phase condenses (L.A. Muravei et al. Ecology and life safety: Textbook for universities / M .: UNITI-DANA, 2000. - 447 p. .).

There is a known system for collecting light hydrocarbon vapors and gas from the safety valves of reservoirs into gas tanks, this system is effective when gas tanks are not filled, and if they are full, the valves discharge the vapor-gas phase onto a candle, i.e. into the atmosphere (A.A. Abrosimov, Ecology of hydrocarbon processing systems: Textbook / M.: Chemistry, 2002. - 608 p.).

There is a system for dispersing the vapor-gas phase with water vapor, which is used to protect a group of tanks from a fire when one of them ignites (Abrosimov A.A. Ecology of hydrocarbon processing: Textbook / M .: Chemistry, 2002. - 608 p.).

The prototype of this invention is a system for the automatic control and regulation of industrial and environmental safety of equipment with a fire and explosion hazard product for a high energy process, comprising an automatic system for pumping the liquid phase in an emergency to treatment plants and an automatic system for collecting the gas-vapor phase of a fire and explosion hazard product through the manhole, a coil and a flame arrester into which water vapor is supplied to dilute a fire and explosion hazard product is below the limit its ignition (see the application of a positive decision № 2008140802.

However, the existing system has the disadvantage that the operation of the system causes difficulties with large volumes of the vapor-gas phase, since a large amount of water vapor and a long time are required to dilute the vapor-gas phase below the explosive limit of a fire and explosion hazard product.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability and safety of the apparatus and equipment in emergency situations with a large volume of gas-vapor phase in the apparatus and prevent its rupture.

This problem is solved by the fact that the system of automatic control and regulation of industrial and environmental safety of tanks with a light fire and explosion hazard product, comprising an automatic system for pumping the liquid phase of a fire and explosion hazard product to treatment plants in emergency situations and a device for collecting and removing the vapor-gas phase in case of emergency in the apparatus, according to The invention comprises a device for condensing a vapor-gas phase, consisting of a condenser-water separator with a central perf orientated pipe and a steam ejector connected to the inspection hatch of the apparatus through a coil. The vapor-gas phase is supplied by a steam ejector to the central perforated tube of the condenser-water separator having small openings, where the mixture of the gas-vapor phase and water vapor is bubbled through small openings through the water layer of the condenser-water separator and condenses; the condensed hydrocarbon portion rises to the top of the condenser-water separator and is periodically pumped to the treatment plant, and water vapor, condensing with the water, is periodically discharged through the valve into the sewer. The condenser-water separator before starting up is filled once with water; LGS (HL) is installed to measure the water level in the condenser-water separator system. The condenser-water separator is made of stainless steel pipe Х18Н10Т Ду 500 mm in diameter, the pipe has an elliptical bottom at the bottom, there are three fittings in the pipe: the bottom for draining water through the valve from the apparatus, the other in the upper part of the apparatus, for pumping the hydrocarbon phase to treatment facilities, the third in the middle part to supply water to the apparatus. In the condenser-water separator there is a central perforated pipe DN 300 mm made of steel grade Х18Н10Т, perforation is made with holes Ф 2-3 mm, located at a height of 2/3 from the bottom of the pipe, at the bottom the pipe has an elliptical bottom.

To carry out the process of intensive condensation of the vapor-gas phase, the diameter of the holes is chosen to be 2-3 mm, since with large sizes of the holes, individual bubbles merge into a continuous stream, which affects the process of heat and mass transfer; the number of holes is selected so that their total surface is equal to the cross-sectional area of the pipe at the input of the gas-vapor phase into the central pipe of the condenser-water separator; the selected height 2/3 from the bottom of the pipe at which the perforation is carried out is a bubble zone, which should not create additional resistance for the vapor-gas flow.

The drawing shows a diagram of a system for automatic control and regulation of industrial and environmental safety for tanks with a light fire and explosion hazard product. The system contains in the tank 1 a device for collecting the vapor-gas phase, consisting of a steam ejector 2 connected to the inspection hatch 3 through the coil 4, and a valve for supplying water vapor 5 to the steam ejector 2. The system contains a device for condensing the vapor-gas phase, consisting of a condenser-water separator 6 with a central perforated pipe 7, and a device for measuring water level 8; in the condenser-water separator 6, which has an elliptical bottom 9, there are three fittings: the bottom 10 for draining the water, the other 11, in the upper part of the apparatus, for pumping the condensed hydrocarbon phase to the treatment plant, the third in the middle part for supplying water to the apparatus through valve 18. The system comprises, for emergency pumping of the product from the tank, a pump 12, and for stopping the process operations, a pump 13.

The system operates as follows.

In the event of an emergency in the tank 1, the signal for increasing the pressure and temperature is supplied to the fire and explosion hazard control unit 14, which sends a signal to open the valve 5 for supplying water vapor to the steam ejector 2; the vapor phase from the tank 1 through the inspection hatch 3 and the coil 4 is sucked in by the steam ejector 2, then the vapor-gas phase and water vapor are ejected by the steam ejector 2 into the pipe 15, then into the central perforated pipe 7 of the condenser-water separator 6, where, after flowing through the holes, bubbling through water layer and condensation of the vapor-gas phase in the condenser-water separator; the condensed hydrocarbon portion rises to the top of the condenser-water separator 6 and is periodically pumped through the nozzle 11 to the treatment plant, and water vapor, condensing with the water, is periodically discharged into the sewer 16 through the control valve 17. A condenser-water separator is installed to measure the water level in the system LGS device (HL) - 8. The condenser-water separator is filled once before starting with water through valve 18.

At the same time, from the control unit for the fire and explosion hazard situation 14, the signal is supplied to turn on the emergency pump 12 for pumping the product to the treatment plant and stop the pump 13 for technological operations.

Using the proposed invention will improve the reliability and safety of operation of tanks with a light fire and explosion hazard product, avoiding rupture of the apparatus and eliminating emergency situations associated with large fires at enterprises.

Claims (5)

1. The system of automatic control and regulation of industrial and environmental safety of tanks with a light fire and explosion hazard product, comprising an automatic system for pumping the liquid phase of a fire and explosion hazard product to treatment facilities in emergency situations and a device for collecting and removing the vapor-gas phase in an emergency in the apparatus, characterized in that it additionally contains a device for condensing the vapor-gas phase, consisting of a condenser-water separator with a central perforated pipe slaughter and a steam ejector connected to the inspection hatch of the apparatus through a coil. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the vapor-gas phase is supplied by a steam ejector to a central perforated condenser-water separator pipe having small openings, where the mixture of the vapor-gas phase and water vapor is bubbled through small openings through the water layer of the condenser-water separator and condenses ; the condensed hydrocarbon portion rises to the top of the condenser-water separator and is periodically pumped to the treatment plant, and water vapor, condensing with the water, is periodically discharged through the valve into the sewer. 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the condenser-water separator before starting up is filled once with water; LGS (HL) is installed to measure the water level in the condenser-water separator system. 4. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the condenser-water separator is made of stainless steel pipe Х18Н10Т Du 500 mm, the pipe has an elliptical bottom at the bottom, there are three fittings in the pipe: the bottom for draining water through the valve from the apparatus, the other in the upper part of the apparatus for pumping the hydrocarbon phase to treatment plants, the third - in the middle part for supplying water to the apparatus. 5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the condenser-water separator has a central perforated pipe of Du 300 mm made of steel grade X18H10T, the perforation is made with holes 2-3 mm, located at a height of 2/3 from the bottom of the pipe, the bottom of the pipe has elliptical bottom.