CN112251105A - Composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112251105A
CN112251105A CN202011031203.9A CN202011031203A CN112251105A CN 112251105 A CN112251105 A CN 112251105A CN 202011031203 A CN202011031203 A CN 202011031203A CN 112251105 A CN112251105 A CN 112251105A
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metal
coating
base material
parts
metal base
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CN112251105B (en
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陈正茂
赵成雷
田敬磊
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Guangdong Qiujing Electrical
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Guangdong Qiujing Electrical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/06—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing zinc
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C6/00—Coating by casting molten material on the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C08K2003/085—Copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
    • C08K2003/222—Magnesia, i.e. magnesium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/08—Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend

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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a composite material which comprises a metal base material, a functional coating coated on one side of the metal base material and a metal coating arranged on the other side of the metal base material, wherein a nickel-based alloy is arranged between the metal base material and the metal coating to serve as transition. The composite material in the scheme forms a compact protective layer on the surface of a metal substrate, and has excellent puncture resistance, corrosion resistance and moisture resistance. The functional coating has high temperature resistance, and the metal coating can also strengthen the mechanical property of the metal substrate while increasing the corrosion resistance, and is provided with a transition material to increase the stability of integrated molding. The prepared composite material is applied to the preparation of the high-voltage switch cabinet, so that the prepared high-voltage switch cabinet has better high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, excellent mechanical property and less possibility of being damaged by the environment, and the service life of the high-voltage switch cabinet is prolonged.

Description

Composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material preparation, in particular to a composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-low voltage switch cabinet is an important device used in a power supply and distribution system, and is a main component in the power transmission and distribution industry and used for placing various control switches, motors, generators or other control devices. With the development of industries, the requirements of various industries on the power supply reliability and stability of electronic systems are increasingly improved. The high-voltage switch cabinet is used as important equipment, plays a role in closing and opening a power line, and has very important significance for safe and reliable operation of a power system. However, the service environment is severe, the existing switch cabinet is used in a high-temperature high-pressure or corrosive environment, the aging phenomenon easily occurs, the phenomena easily cause the local temperature inside the switch cabinet to rise, the potential safety hazard occurs, if the potential safety hazard is not eliminated in time, the electric fire is easily caused, the service life of the high-low voltage switch cabinet is greatly reduced, the existing switch cabinet adopts a material with a coating, the overall moisture resistance is poor, the breakdown resistance of the coating is poor, the switch cabinet is applied outdoors, the aging of the internal circuit of the switch cabinet is serious due to weather influences such as rain, even the circuit is short-circuited, and the service life is short.
In summary, there are still problems to be solved in the field of preparing materials for switch cabinets.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, in order to solve the problems that in the prior art, the local temperature in the switch cabinet is increased, potential safety hazards are easy to occur, the overall moisture resistance is poor, the breakdown resistance of the coating is poor, the switch cabinet is applied outdoors, and the aging of the internal circuit of the switch cabinet is serious and even the short circuit of the circuit is caused due to the weather influence of rain and the like, the service life is short, the invention provides a composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a composite material is used for preparing a high-voltage switch cabinet and comprises a metal base material, a first material layer arranged on one side of the metal base material and a second material layer arranged on the other side of the metal base material, wherein the first material layer is coated on the metal base material, and a transition material which is integrally formed with the metal base material is arranged between the second material layer and the metal base material;
wherein the first material layer is a functional coating;
the second material layer is a metal coating;
the transition material is nickel-based alloy.
Further, the metal base material is an aluminum alloy material.
Further, the functional coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of epoxy resin, 10-15 parts of polyurethane resin, 10-25 parts of ceramic powder, 14-20 parts of copper powder, 5-14 parts of quartz silicon, 3-10 parts of magnesium oxide, 1-3 parts of curing agent, 1-5 parts of toughening agent and 1-8 parts of film forming agent.
Further, the preparation method of the functional coating comprises the following steps:
mixing epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, a curing agent and a toughening agent, heating to 75-95 ℃, and stirring for 1-2 hours to obtain a mixture A;
adding ceramic powder, copper powder, quartz silicon and magnesium oxide into the mixture A, mixing, ball-milling and dispersing for 10-12 h to obtain a mixture B;
adding a film forming agent into the mixture B under the stirring condition, mixing for 10-20 min under the ultrasonic condition, and standing for 30-60 min to obtain a mixture C;
and uniformly coating the mixture C on the metal substrate, and forming a functional coating on one side of the metal substrate through pre-curing and post-curing.
Further, the nickel-based alloy at least comprises 60-75 wt% of Ni and less than 0.01 wt% of Fe.
Further, the metal coating comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 20-35% of Al, 30-40% of Zn, 1-5% of Si, 2-9% of Ni and 10-25% of Ti.
Further, the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
placing the nickel-based alloy in a smelting chamber to form molten metal in a molten state for later use;
placing the material for preparing the metal coating into a smelting chamber to form molten metal coating solution in a molten state for later use;
respectively placing a metal solution and a metal coating solution into a coating chamber with two adjacent ports;
placing a metal substrate with a functional coating on one side in a coating chamber, aligning one side of a non-functional coating with the ports, and uniformly coating a molten metal solution on the metal substrate from one port during moving;
moving out the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 350-650 ℃, and integrally forming the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material after pressing;
preheating the material formed by the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material integrally, placing the material in the coating chamber again, aligning one side with the nickel-based alloy with the port, and uniformly coating the molten metal coating solution from the other port in the moving process;
and removing the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 350-550 ℃, and standing for 3-5 h to obtain the composite material.
Furthermore, the curing agent is methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, the boiling point is 115-155 ℃, the viscosity is 40-80mPa & s at 25 ℃, and the content of anhydride groups is more than or equal to 40%.
Further, the pre-curing conditions are as follows: normal pressure, temperature of 95-120 deg.c and time of 1-2 hr.
Further, the post-curing conditions are as follows: the pressure is 5-10 Mpa, the temperature is 125 ℃, and the time is 1-3 h.
The composite material in the scheme is provided with the first material layer and the second material layer, and the transition material which is integrally formed with the metal base material is arranged between the second material layer and the metal base material, so that a compact protective layer is formed on the surface of the metal base material, and the composite material has excellent puncture resistance, corrosion resistance and moisture resistance. One side with functional coating has high temperature resistance, and metal coating can also strengthen metal substrate's mechanical properties when increasing corrosion resisting property, and sets up transition material, increases integrated into one piece's stability. The prepared composite material is applied to the preparation of the high-voltage switch cabinet, one side with the functional coating is the inner side of the high-voltage switch cabinet, and the other side with the second material layer is the outer side of the high-voltage switch cabinet, so that the prepared high-voltage switch cabinet has better high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, excellent mechanical property, and is not easy to be damaged by the environment, and the service life of the high-voltage switch cabinet is prolonged.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments thereof. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
A composite material is used for preparing a high-voltage switch cabinet and comprises a metal base material, a first material layer arranged on one side of the metal base material and a second material layer arranged on the other side of the metal base material, wherein the first material layer is coated on the metal base material, and a transition material which is integrally formed with the metal base material is arranged between the second material layer and the metal base material;
wherein the first material layer is a functional coating;
the second material layer is a metal coating;
the transition material is nickel-based alloy.
In one embodiment, the metal substrate is an aluminum alloy material.
Different material layers are arranged on two sides of the metal base material, so that a compact protective layer is formed on the surface of the metal base material, and the metal base material has excellent puncture resistance, corrosion resistance and moisture resistance. One side with functional coating has high temperature resistance, and metal coating can also strengthen metal substrate's mechanical properties when increasing corrosion resisting property, and sets up transition material, increases integrated into one piece's stability. The prepared composite material is applied to the preparation of the high-voltage switch cabinet, one side with the functional coating is the inner side of the high-voltage switch cabinet, and the side with the second material layer is the outdoor side of the high-voltage switch cabinet, so that the prepared high-voltage switch cabinet has better high-temperature resistance. The corrosion resistance is high, the mechanical property is excellent, the environment is not easy to damage, and the service life of the coating is prolonged.
In one embodiment, the functional coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of epoxy resin, 10-15 parts of polyurethane resin, 10-25 parts of ceramic powder, 14-20 parts of copper powder, 5-14 parts of quartz silicon, 3-10 parts of magnesium oxide, 1-3 parts of curing agent, 1-5 parts of toughening agent and 1-8 parts of film forming agent.
In one embodiment, the curing agent is methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, the boiling point is 115-155 ℃, the viscosity is 40-80mPa & s at 25 ℃, and the content of anhydride groups is more than or equal to 40%.
In one embodiment, the toughening agent is a nitrile rubber.
In one embodiment, the film former is a mixture of propylene glycol butyl ether and propylene resin in a 3:1 weight ratio.
The functional coating has the advantages of good film-forming property due to interaction of components and component contents, and the ceramic powder and the copper powder are added into the coating, so that the coating has excellent heat-conducting property when being coated on the surface of a metal base material, and the risk of high temperature caused by the application of the composite material in the preparation of a high-voltage switch cabinet is reduced. Meanwhile, the coating has strong adhesive force, and can form a layer of protective film on the surface of the metal base material, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the metal base material.
In one embodiment, the method for preparing the functional coating comprises the following steps:
mixing epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, a curing agent and a toughening agent, heating to 75-95 ℃, and stirring for 1-2 hours to obtain a mixture A;
adding ceramic powder, copper powder, quartz silicon and magnesium oxide into the mixture A, mixing, ball-milling and dispersing for 10-12 h to obtain a mixture B;
adding a film forming agent into the mixture B under the stirring condition, mixing for 10-20 min under the ultrasonic condition, and standing for 30-60 min to obtain a mixture C;
and uniformly coating the mixture C on the metal substrate, and forming a functional coating on one side of the metal substrate through pre-curing and post-curing.
In one embodiment, the metal coating comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 20-35% of Al, 30-40% of Zn, 1-5% of Si, 2-9% of Ni and 10-25% of Ti.
In one embodiment, the stirring speed is 500r/min-2500 r/min.
In one embodiment, the ultrasound conditions are: the ultrasonic power is 420W-500W.
In one embodiment, the functional coating is applied at a thickness of 2mm to 7 mm.
In one embodiment, the nickel-based alloy includes at least 60 wt% to 75 wt% Ni and less than 0.01 wt% Fe.
In one embodiment, the pre-curing conditions are: normal pressure, temperature of 95-120 deg.c and time of 1-2 hr.
In one embodiment, the post-cure conditions are: the pressure is 5-10 Mpa, the temperature is 125 ℃, and the time is 1-3 h. In one embodiment, the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
placing the nickel-based alloy in a smelting chamber to form molten metal in a molten state for later use;
placing the material for preparing the metal coating into a smelting chamber to form molten metal coating solution in a molten state for later use; the elements of the material for limiting the metal coating are Al, Zn, Si, Ni and Ti, wherein the Al element has better ductility, can form an oxidation film for preventing metal corrosion in humid air, and can form an AL-Ni active metal phase with the Ni element, and has excellent impact reaction activity; zn has hexagonal crystal structure, and acts with Al and Ti to increase the ductility of the metal coating. The metal coating has the characteristics of difficult corrosion, has a synergistic effect when used together, effectively improves the mechanical property of the composite material, and elements in the metal coating and the nickel-based alloy can form a uniform and fine grain distribution layer on a contact surface, thereby being beneficial to heat dispersion and reducing the risk of local high temperature. Respectively placing a metal solution and a metal coating solution into a coating chamber with two adjacent ports;
placing a metal substrate with a functional coating on one side in a coating chamber, aligning one side of a non-functional coating with the ports, and uniformly coating a molten metal solution on the metal substrate from one port during moving;
moving out the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 350-650 ℃, and integrally forming the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material after pressing;
preheating the material formed by the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material integrally, placing the material in the coating chamber again, aligning one side with the nickel-based alloy with the port, and uniformly coating the molten metal coating solution from the other port in the moving process;
and removing the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 350-550 ℃, and standing for 3-5 h to obtain the composite material.
In one embodiment, the Al element is added as pure aluminum, which has excellent heat conductivity and good atmospheric decay resistance, and can prevent the further oxidation of internal metal due to the easy formation of a compact aluminum oxide film on the surface, and can form an AL-Ni active metal phase with the Ni element, thereby having excellent impact reaction activity.
In one embodiment, the added raw material of the Zn element is zinc metal which is an active metal, a dense basic carbonate [ ZnCO 3.3 Zn (OH)2] film is generated on the surface of the zinc in humid air, the film can prevent the continuous oxidation of the zinc, and the film as the raw material of the metal coating also has certain anti-corrosion property.
In one embodiment, the added raw material of the Si element is crystalline silicon, which has a distinct metallic luster and a high temperature resistance, and is mixed with other metal components to contribute to the improvement of the thermal conductivity of the metal coating as a whole.
In one embodiment, the raw material added by the Ni element is nickel metal which is malleable metal and has strong corrosion resistance, and the Ni element added in other metal matrixes can play a role in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the metal matrixes.
In one embodiment, the raw material added by the Ti element is titanium metal, which has high mechanical strength, is easy to process, has good corrosion resistance and is not influenced by atmosphere and environment.
In one embodiment, the nickel-based alloy is melted at a temperature of 850 ℃ to 1200 ℃.
In one embodiment, the temperature of melting of the material of the metal coating is 750 ℃ to 1200 ℃.
In one embodiment, the conditions of the pressing are: the pressure is 250-450 Mpa, the temperature is 250-300 ℃, and the nickel base alloy is pressed until the density of the nickel base alloy is 2.5g/cm3-3.0g/cm3。
In one embodiment, the preheating temperature is 150-250 ℃ and the time is 10-15 min.
In one embodiment, the metal coating has a thickness of 1mm to 3 mm.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a composite material is used for preparing a high-voltage switch cabinet and comprises a metal base material, a first material layer arranged on one side of the metal base material and a second material layer arranged on the other side of the metal base material, wherein the first material layer is coated on the metal base material, and a transition material which is integrally formed with the metal base material is arranged between the second material layer and the metal base material;
the first material layer is a functional coating, and the functional coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of polyurethane resin, 25 parts of ceramic powder, 20 parts of copper powder, 5 parts of quartz silicon, 10 parts of magnesium oxide, 1 part of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 5 parts of nitrile rubber and 1 part of film-forming agent, wherein the film-forming agent is a mixture of propylene glycol butyl ether and propylene resin in a weight ratio of 3: 1;
the second material layer is a metal coating, and the metal coating comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 21% of Al, 40% of Zn, 5% of Si, 9% of Ni and 25% of Ti;
in the embodiment, the Al element is added as pure aluminum, which has excellent heat conductivity and good atmospheric decay resistance, and a dense aluminum oxide film is easily formed on the surface of the Al element, so that the Al element can prevent the internal metal from being further oxidized, can form an Al-Ni active metal phase with the Ni element, and has excellent impact reaction activity. The Zn element is added with zinc metal which is active metal, a dense basic carbonate [ ZnCO 3.3 Zn (OH)2] film is generated on the surface of zinc in humid air, the film can prevent the continuous oxidation of the zinc, and the Zn element also has certain anti-corrosion property as a metal coating raw material. The Si element is added into the crystalline silicon, has obvious metal luster and high temperature resistance, is mixed with other metal components, and is beneficial to improving the overall thermal conductivity of the metal coating. The raw material added by the Ni element is nickel metal which is malleable metal and has strong corrosion resistance, and the Ni element is added into other metal matrixes and can play a role in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the metal matrixes. The raw material added by the Ti element is titanium metal, has high mechanical strength, is easy to process, has good corrosion resistance and is not influenced by atmosphere and environment.
The transition material is a nickel-based alloy, and the nickel-based alloy at least comprises 60 wt% of Ni and less than 0.01 wt% of Fe.
The metal base material is an aluminum alloy material.
The preparation method of the functional coating comprises the following steps:
mixing epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, a curing agent and a toughening agent, heating to 75 ℃, and stirring for 1h at a stirring speed of 500r/min to obtain a mixture A;
adding ceramic powder, copper powder, quartz silicon and magnesium oxide into the mixture A, mixing, ball-milling and dispersing for 10 hours to obtain a mixture B;
adding a film forming agent into the mixture B under the stirring condition, mixing for 10min under the ultrasonic power of 420W, and standing for 30min to obtain a mixture C;
uniformly coating the mixture C on the metal substrate, wherein the coating thickness is 7mm, and the mixture C is pre-cured for 1h under the conditions of normal pressure and 95 ℃; and then post-curing for 1h under the conditions that the pressure is 5Mpa and the temperature is 125 ℃ to form a functional coating on one side of the metal substrate.
The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
placing the nickel-based alloy in a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal in a molten state at 850 ℃ for later use;
placing the material for preparing the metal coating into a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal coating solution in a molten state at 1200 ℃ for later use;
respectively placing a metal solution and a metal coating solution into a coating chamber with two adjacent ports;
placing a metal substrate with a functional coating on one side in a coating chamber, aligning one side of a non-functional coating with the ports, and uniformly coating a molten metal solution on the metal substrate from one port during moving;
removing the material, quenching with 350 deg.C fluid coolant, pressing at 250 deg.C under 250Mpa until the density of the nickel-base alloy is2.5g/cm3-3.0g/cm3Integrally molding the nickel-based alloy with the metal base material;
preheating the material formed by integrally forming the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material at 150 ℃ for 10min, placing the material in the coating chamber again, aligning one side with the nickel-based alloy with the port, and uniformly coating the molten metal coating solution from the other port in the moving process, wherein the coating thickness is 1 mm;
and (3) moving out the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 350 ℃, and standing the material for 3 hours to obtain the composite material.
Example 2:
a composite material is used for preparing a high-voltage switch cabinet and comprises a metal base material, a first material layer arranged on one side of the metal base material and a second material layer arranged on the other side of the metal base material, wherein the first material layer is coated on the metal base material, and a transition material which is integrally formed with the metal base material is arranged between the second material layer and the metal base material;
the first material layer is a functional coating, and the functional coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of polyurethane resin, 25 parts of ceramic powder, 14 parts of copper powder, 14 parts of quartz silicon, 10 parts of magnesium oxide, 3 parts of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 5 parts of nitrile rubber and 8 parts of a film-forming agent, wherein the film-forming agent is a mixture of propylene glycol butyl ether and propylene resin in a weight ratio of 3: 1;
the second material layer is a metal coating, and the metal coating comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 35% of Al, 38% of Zn, 1% of Si, 2% of Ni and 24% of Ti;
in the embodiment, the Al element is added as pure aluminum, which has excellent heat conductivity and good atmospheric decay resistance, and a dense aluminum oxide film is easily formed on the surface of the Al element, so that the Al element can prevent the internal metal from being further oxidized, can form an Al-Ni active metal phase with the Ni element, and has excellent impact reaction activity. The Zn element is added with zinc metal which is active metal, a dense basic carbonate [ ZnCO 3.3 Zn (OH)2] film is generated on the surface of zinc in humid air, the film can prevent the continuous oxidation of the zinc, and the Zn element also has certain anti-corrosion property as a metal coating raw material. The Si element is added into the crystalline silicon, has obvious metal luster and high temperature resistance, is mixed with other metal components, and is beneficial to improving the overall thermal conductivity of the metal coating. The raw material added by the Ni element is nickel metal which is malleable metal and has strong corrosion resistance, and the Ni element is added into other metal matrixes and can play a role in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the metal matrixes. The raw material added by the Ti element is titanium metal, has high mechanical strength, is easy to process, has good corrosion resistance and is not influenced by atmosphere and environment.
The transition material is a nickel-based alloy, and the nickel-based alloy at least comprises 75 wt% of Ni and less than 0.01 wt% of Fe.
The metal base material is an aluminum alloy material.
The preparation method of the functional coating comprises the following steps:
mixing epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, a curing agent and a toughening agent, heating to 95 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours at the stirring speed of 2500r/min to obtain a mixture A;
adding ceramic powder, copper powder, quartz silicon and magnesium oxide into the mixture A, mixing, ball-milling and dispersing for 12 hours to obtain a mixture B;
adding a film forming agent into the mixture B under the stirring condition, mixing for 20min under the ultrasonic power of 500W, and standing for 60min to obtain a mixture C;
uniformly coating the mixture C on the metal substrate, wherein the coating thickness is 7mm, and the precuring time is 1-2 h under the conditions of normal pressure and 120 ℃; and then post-curing for 2h under the conditions that the pressure is 10Mpa and the temperature is 125 ℃ to form a functional coating on one side of the metal substrate.
The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
placing the nickel-based alloy in a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal in a molten state at 1200 ℃ for later use;
placing the material for preparing the metal coating into a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal coating solution in a molten state at 1200 ℃ for later use;
respectively placing a metal solution and a metal coating solution into a coating chamber with two adjacent ports;
placing a metal substrate with a functional coating on one side in a coating chamber, aligning one side of a non-functional coating with the ports, and uniformly coating a molten metal solution on the metal substrate from one port during moving;
removing the material, quenching with 650 deg.C fluid coolant, pressing at 450Mpa and 300 deg.C until the density of the nickel-based alloy is 2.5g/cm3-3.0g/cm3Integrally molding the nickel-based alloy with the metal base material;
preheating the material formed by integrally forming the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material at 250 ℃ for 15min, placing the material in a coating chamber again, aligning one side with the nickel-based alloy with the port, and uniformly coating the molten metal coating solution from the other port in the moving process, wherein the coating thickness is 3 mm;
and removing the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 350-550 ℃, and standing for 5 hours to obtain the composite material.
Example 3:
a composite material is used for preparing a high-voltage switch cabinet and comprises a metal base material, a first material layer arranged on one side of the metal base material and a second material layer arranged on the other side of the metal base material, wherein the first material layer is coated on the metal base material, and a transition material which is integrally formed with the metal base material is arranged between the second material layer and the metal base material;
the first material layer is a functional coating, and the functional coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of epoxy resin, 12 parts of polyurethane resin, 20 parts of ceramic powder, 16 parts of copper powder, 10 parts of quartz silicon, 7 parts of magnesium oxide, 2 parts of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 3 parts of nitrile rubber and 5 parts of a film-forming agent, wherein the film-forming agent is a mixture of propylene glycol butyl ether and propylene resin in a weight ratio of 3: 1;
the second material layer is a metal coating, and the metal coating comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: al 30%, Zn 38%, Si 4%, Ni 6%, Ti 22%;
in the embodiment, the Al element is added as pure aluminum, which has excellent heat conductivity and good atmospheric decay resistance, and a dense aluminum oxide film is easily formed on the surface of the Al element, so that the Al element can prevent the internal metal from being further oxidized, can form an Al-Ni active metal phase with the Ni element, and has excellent impact reaction activity. The Zn element is added with zinc metal which is active metal, a dense basic carbonate [ ZnCO 3.3 Zn (OH)2] film is generated on the surface of zinc in humid air, the film can prevent the continuous oxidation of the zinc, and the Zn element also has certain anti-corrosion property as a metal coating raw material. The Si element is added into the crystalline silicon, has obvious metal luster and high temperature resistance, is mixed with other metal components, and is beneficial to improving the overall thermal conductivity of the metal coating. The raw material added by the Ni element is nickel metal which is malleable metal and has strong corrosion resistance, and the Ni element is added into other metal matrixes and can play a role in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the metal matrixes. The raw material added by the Ti element is titanium metal, has high mechanical strength, is easy to process, has good corrosion resistance and is not influenced by atmosphere and environment.
The transition material is a nickel-based alloy, and the nickel-based alloy at least comprises 65 weight percent of Ni and less than 0.01 weight percent of Fe.
The metal base material is an aluminum alloy material.
The preparation method of the functional coating comprises the following steps:
mixing epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, a curing agent and a toughening agent, heating to 80 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours at a stirring speed of 1000r/min to obtain a mixture A;
adding ceramic powder, copper powder, quartz silicon and magnesium oxide into the mixture A, mixing, ball-milling and dispersing for 11 hours to obtain a mixture B;
adding a film forming agent into the mixture B under the stirring condition, mixing for 15min under the ultrasonic power of 450W, and standing for 40min to obtain a mixture C;
uniformly coating the mixture C on the metal substrate, wherein the coating thickness is 5mm, and the mixture C is pre-cured for 2 hours under the conditions of normal pressure and 105 ℃; and then post-curing for 2h under the conditions that the pressure is 6Mpa and the temperature is 125 ℃ to form a functional coating on one side of the metal substrate.
The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
placing the nickel-based alloy in a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal in a molten state at 950 ℃ for later use;
placing the material for preparing the metal coating into a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal coating solution in a molten state at 1100 ℃ for later use;
respectively placing a metal solution and a metal coating solution into a coating chamber with two adjacent ports;
placing a metal substrate with a functional coating on one side in a coating chamber, aligning one side of a non-functional coating with the ports, and uniformly coating a molten metal solution on the metal substrate from one port during moving;
removing the material, quenching with fluid coolant at 450 deg.C, pressing at 300Mpa and 260 deg.C until the density of nickel-based alloy is 2.5g/cm3-3.0g/cm3Integrally molding the nickel-based alloy with the metal base material;
preheating the material formed by integrally forming the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material at 220 ℃ for 12min, placing the material in a coating chamber again, aligning one side with the nickel-based alloy with the port, and uniformly coating the molten metal coating solution from the other port in the moving process, wherein the coating thickness is 2 mm;
and removing the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 420 ℃, and standing for 4 hours to obtain the composite material.
Example 4:
a composite material is used for preparing a high-voltage switch cabinet and comprises a metal base material, a first material layer arranged on one side of the metal base material and a second material layer arranged on the other side of the metal base material, wherein the first material layer is coated on the metal base material, and a transition material which is integrally formed with the metal base material is arranged between the second material layer and the metal base material;
the first material layer is a functional coating, and the functional coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of epoxy resin, 12 parts of polyurethane resin, 20 parts of ceramic powder, 18 parts of copper powder, 12 parts of quartz silicon, 8 parts of magnesium oxide, 2 parts of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 3 parts of nitrile rubber and 7 parts of a film-forming agent, wherein the film-forming agent is a mixture of propylene glycol butyl ether and propylene resin in a weight ratio of 3: 1;
the second material layer is a metal coating, and the metal coating comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 32% of Al, 35% of Zn, 4% of Si, 7% of Ni and 22% of Ti;
in the embodiment, the Al element is added as pure aluminum, which has excellent heat conductivity and good atmospheric decay resistance, and a dense aluminum oxide film is easily formed on the surface of the Al element, so that the Al element can prevent the internal metal from being further oxidized, can form an Al-Ni active metal phase with the Ni element, and has excellent impact reaction activity. The Zn element is added with zinc metal which is active metal, a dense basic carbonate [ ZnCO 3.3 Zn (OH)2] film is generated on the surface of zinc in humid air, the film can prevent the continuous oxidation of the zinc, and the Zn element also has certain anti-corrosion property as a metal coating raw material. The Si element is added into the crystalline silicon, has obvious metal luster and high temperature resistance, is mixed with other metal components, and is beneficial to improving the overall thermal conductivity of the metal coating. The raw material added by the Ni element is nickel metal which is malleable metal and has strong corrosion resistance, and the Ni element is added into other metal matrixes and can play a role in enhancing the corrosion resistance of the metal matrixes. The raw material added by the Ti element is titanium metal, has high mechanical strength, is easy to process, has good corrosion resistance and is not influenced by atmosphere and environment.
The transition material is a nickel-based alloy, and the nickel-based alloy at least comprises 72 wt% of Ni and less than 0.01 wt% of Fe.
The metal base material is an aluminum alloy material.
The preparation method of the functional coating comprises the following steps:
mixing epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, a curing agent and a toughening agent, heating to 90 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours at a stirring speed of 2200r/min to obtain a mixture A;
adding ceramic powder, copper powder, quartz silicon and magnesium oxide into the mixture A, mixing, ball-milling and dispersing for 11 hours to obtain a mixture B;
adding a film forming agent into the mixture B under the stirring condition, mixing for 15min under the ultrasonic power of 480W, and standing for 40min to obtain a mixture C;
uniformly coating the mixture C on the metal substrate, wherein the coating thickness is 5mm, and the mixture C is pre-cured for 2 hours under the conditions of normal pressure and the temperature of 110 ℃; and then post-curing for 2h under the conditions that the pressure is 8Mpa and the temperature is 125 ℃ to form a functional coating on one side of the metal substrate.
The preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
placing the nickel-based alloy in a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal in a molten state at 1000 ℃ for later use;
placing the material for preparing the metal coating into a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal coating solution in a molten state at 950 ℃ for later use;
respectively placing a metal solution and a metal coating solution into a coating chamber with two adjacent ports;
placing a metal substrate with a functional coating on one side in a coating chamber, aligning one side of a non-functional coating with the ports, and uniformly coating a molten metal solution on the metal substrate from one port during moving;
removing the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 620 ℃, performing pressing treatment at the pressure of 440Mpa and the temperature of 280 ℃ until the density of the nickel-based alloy is 2.5g/cm3-3.0g/cm3, and integrally forming the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material;
preheating the material formed by integrally forming the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material at 240 ℃ for 13min, placing the material in a coating chamber again, aligning one side with the nickel-based alloy with the port, and uniformly coating the molten metal coating solution from the other port in the moving process, wherein the coating thickness is 1 mm;
and removing the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 520 ℃, and standing for 4 hours to obtain the composite material.
Comparative example 1:
the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
the following functional coating components are mixed according to parts by weight: 25 parts of epoxy resin, 12 parts of polyurethane resin, 20 parts of ceramic powder, 16 parts of copper powder, 10 parts of quartz silicon, 7 parts of magnesium oxide, 2 parts of methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 3 parts of nitrile rubber and 5 parts of a film-forming agent, wherein the film-forming agent is a mixture of propylene glycol butyl ether and propylene resin in a weight ratio of 3: 1.
In this comparative example, the same aluminum alloy material as in example 3 was selected as the metal base material.
Mixing epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, a curing agent and a toughening agent, heating to 80 ℃, and stirring for 2 hours at a stirring speed of 1000r/min to obtain a mixture A;
adding ceramic powder, copper powder, quartz silicon and magnesium oxide into the mixture A, mixing, ball-milling and dispersing for 11 hours to obtain a mixture B;
adding a film forming agent into the mixture B under the stirring condition, mixing for 15min under the ultrasonic power of 450W, and standing for 40min to obtain a mixture C;
uniformly coating the mixture C on the metal substrate, wherein the coating thickness is 5mm, and the mixture C is pre-cured for 2 hours under the conditions of normal pressure and 105 ℃; and then post-curing for 2h under the conditions that the pressure is 6Mpa and the temperature is 125 ℃ to form a functional coating on one side of the metal substrate.
Comparative example 2:
the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
selecting a metal coating material, wherein the metal coating comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: al 30%, Zn 38%, Si 4%, Ni 6%, Ti 22%;
selecting a transition material as a nickel-based alloy, wherein the nickel-based alloy at least comprises 65 wt% of Ni and less than 0.01 wt% of Fe;
selecting the same aluminum alloy material as that in example 3 as a metal base material;
placing the nickel-based alloy in a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal in a molten state at 950 ℃ for later use;
placing the material for preparing the metal coating into a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal coating solution in a molten state at 1100 ℃ for later use;
respectively placing a metal solution and a metal coating solution into a coating chamber with two adjacent ports;
placing a metal substrate in a coating chamber, and uniformly coating a molten metal solution on the metal substrate from one port in the moving process;
removing the material, quenching with fluid coolant at 450 deg.C, pressing at 300Mpa and 260 deg.C until the density of nickel-based alloy is 2.5g/cm3-3.0g/cm3Integrally molding the nickel-based alloy with the metal base material;
preheating the material formed by integrally forming the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material at 220 ℃ for 12min, placing the material in a coating chamber again, aligning one side with the nickel-based alloy with the port, and uniformly coating the molten metal coating solution from the other port in the moving process, wherein the coating thickness is 2 mm;
and removing the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 420 ℃, and standing for 4 hours to obtain the composite material.
Comparative example 3:
the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
selecting a metal coating material, wherein the metal coating comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: al 30%, Zn 38%, Si 4%, Ni 6%, Ti 22%;
the same aluminum alloy material as in example 3 was selected as the metal base material;
placing the material for preparing the metal coating into a smelting chamber, and forming molten metal coating solution in a molten state at 1100 ℃ for later use;
placing a metal coating solution into a coating chamber having a port;
preheating a metal base material at 220 ℃ for 12min, placing the metal base material in a coating chamber, and uniformly coating a molten metal coating solution from an end port in the moving process, wherein the coating thickness is 2 mm;
and removing the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 420 ℃, and standing for 4 hours to obtain the composite material.
Comparative example 4:
the same aluminum alloy material as in example 3.
1) The composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4, the composite materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3, and the aluminum alloy material in comparative example 4 were subjected to compressive property testing using a compressive property tester, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1:
Figure BDA0002703735120000191
Figure BDA0002703735120000201
as can be seen from the data analysis in table 1, the composite materials prepared in examples 1-4 all have excellent compression resistance, and comparing comparative example 1 with example 3, the composite material in comparative example 1 is coated with only the functional coating, the composite material in comparative example 2 is coated with only the metal coating, and has the integrally formed transition material, the composite material in comparative example 3 is not provided with the transition material, and the untreated aluminum alloy material in comparative example 4, it can be seen from the data comparison analysis that the provision of the metal coating and the transition material both contribute to the improvement of the compression resistance of the metal base material.
2) The composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4, the composite materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3, and the aluminum alloy material in comparative example 4 were subjected to a tensile test and a reduction of area test, the tensile test being referred to as GB/T228, and the reduction of area being referred to as GB/T4161, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2:
Figure BDA0002703735120000202
as can be seen from the analysis in Table 2, the composite materials prepared in examples 1-4 have an elongation of more than 11% and a reduction of area of more than 35%, indicating that they have excellent ductility. Compared with the example 3, the composite material in the comparative example 1 is only coated with the functional coating, the composite material in the comparative example 2 is only coated with the metal coating and is provided with the integrally formed transition material, the transition material is not arranged in the comparative example 3, and the untreated aluminum alloy material in the comparative example 4 shows that the metal coating and the transition material are beneficial to improving the comprehensive performance of the composite material.
3) The composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4, the composite materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 and the aluminum alloy material in comparative example 4 were subjected to an impact test with reference to GB/T229, GB/T1043 and GB/T1843, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3:
Figure BDA0002703735120000211
from the analysis of the data in Table 3, it can be seen that the impact energy of the composites prepared in examples 1-4 is greater than 46%, while the impact energy of the comparative examples is all worse than that of the examples, indicating that the composites prepared according to the present invention have excellent mechanical properties.
4) The composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4, the composite materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3, and the aluminum alloy material in comparative example 4 were subjected to a heat conductive property test with reference to the standard test method for the heat transfer characteristics of ASTM D5470-12 thermally conductive electrically insulating materials, and the results are shown in table 4 below.
Table 4:
Figure BDA0002703735120000212
as can be seen from the data analysis in table 4, the composite material prepared in the example has excellent thermal conductivity, but compared to example 3, the composite material in comparative example 1 is coated with only the functional material, although the thermal conductivity is inferior to that in examples 1 to 4, but is superior to that in comparative examples 2 to 4, indicating that the functional coating layer plays a major role in heat conduction and the metal coating layer plays a role in auxiliary heat conduction.
5) The composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 4, the composite materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3, and the aluminum alloy material in comparative example 4 were subjected to a moisture resistance test in accordance with the reference standard GB/T21529-2008, and the results are shown in Table 5 below.
Table 5:
Figure BDA0002703735120000221
it should be noted that: the above test is that the composite material is placed in the same humidity environment for 50 days, and then taken out and weighed. "Excellent" means no significant change in the weight of the composite, no significant change in the surface of the composite; "generally" means that the weight of the composite material is slightly increased, which indicates that the interior of the composite material is infiltrated with water and the surface of the composite material is slightly rusted; by "poor" is meant that the weight of the composite material becomes significantly heavier and the surface of the composite material is significantly rusted. As can be seen from Table 5: the composite materials prepared in the examples had excellent moisture resistance, while the materials in the comparative examples all had poorer moisture resistance than in the examples.
In addition, the composite material prepared in the example 4 is applied to the preparation of a high-voltage switch cabinet, and relevant application tests are carried out, so that the prepared high-voltage switch cabinet has excellent thermal conductivity, breakdown resistance, corrosion resistance and moisture resistance.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The composite material is used for preparing a high-voltage switch cabinet and is characterized by comprising a metal base material, a first material layer and a second material layer, wherein the first material layer is arranged on one side of the metal base material, the second material layer is arranged on the other side of the metal base material, the first material layer is coated on the metal base material, and a transition material which is integrally formed with the metal base material is arranged between the second material layer and the metal base material;
wherein the first material layer is a functional coating;
the second material layer is a metal coating;
the transition material is nickel-based alloy.
2. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the metal substrate is an aluminum alloy material.
3. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the functional coating comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of epoxy resin, 10-15 parts of polyurethane resin, 10-25 parts of ceramic powder, 14-20 parts of copper powder, 5-14 parts of quartz silicon, 3-10 parts of magnesium oxide, 1-3 parts of curing agent, 1-5 parts of toughening agent and 1-8 parts of film forming agent.
4. The composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that the preparation method of the functional coating comprises the following steps:
mixing epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, a curing agent and a toughening agent, heating to 75-95 ℃, and stirring for 1-2 hours to obtain a mixture A;
adding ceramic powder, copper powder, quartz silicon and magnesium oxide into the mixture A, mixing, ball-milling and dispersing for 10-12 h to obtain a mixture B;
uniformly coating the mixture C on the metal substrate, and forming a functional coating on one side of the metal substrate through pre-curing and post-curing;
and uniformly coating the mixture C on the metal base material, and performing pre-curing and post-curing to obtain the metal base material with one side provided with the functional coating.
5. Composite according to claim 4, characterized in that said nickel-based alloy comprises at least 60-75% by weight of Ni and less than 0.01% by weight of Fe.
6. The composite material according to claim 5, wherein the metal coating comprises the following elements in mass percent: 20-35% of Al, 30-40% of Zn, 1-5% of Si, 2-9% of Ni and 10-25% of Ti.
7. The composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that the method for preparing the composite material comprises the following steps:
placing the nickel-based alloy in a smelting chamber to form molten metal in a molten state for later use;
placing the material for preparing the metal coating into a smelting chamber to form molten metal coating solution in a molten state for later use;
respectively placing a metal solution and a metal coating solution into a coating chamber with two adjacent ports;
placing a metal substrate with a functional coating on one side in a coating chamber, aligning one side of a non-functional coating with the ports, and uniformly coating a molten metal solution on the metal substrate from one port during moving;
moving out the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 350-650 ℃, and integrally forming the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material after pressing;
preheating the material formed by the nickel-based alloy and the metal base material integrally, placing the material in the coating chamber again, aligning one side with the nickel-based alloy with the port, and uniformly coating the molten metal coating solution from the other port in the moving process;
and removing the material, quenching the material by using a fluid coolant with the temperature of 350-550 ℃, and standing for 3-5 h to obtain the composite material.
8. The composite material according to claim 3, wherein the curing agent is methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, the boiling point is 115-155 ℃, the viscosity is 40-80mPa s at 25 ℃, and the content of anhydride groups is not less than 40%.
9. The composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that the conditions of pre-curing are: normal pressure, temperature of 95-120 deg.c and time of 1-2 hr.
10. The composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that the conditions of post-curing are: the pressure is 5-10 Mpa, the temperature is 125 ℃, and the time is 1-3 h.
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CN110592523A (en) * 2019-10-24 2019-12-20 西安宇丰喷涂技术有限公司 Method for improving bonding strength of thermal spraying coating and metal substrate

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