CN112244173A - Plant type high-energy low-protein complete feed for laying hens and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plant type high-energy low-protein complete feed for laying hens and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen complete feed which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of corn, 5-15 parts of millet polishing powder, 3-8 parts of pepper seeds, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 7-12 parts of stone grains, 1-5 parts of citric acid residues, 1-5 parts of corn sugar residues, 1-6 parts of peanut cakes, 1-10 parts of corn germ cakes, 1-7 parts of sesame cakes, 0.5-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-3 parts of beet molasses, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of 60% choline chloride, 0.25-0.35 part of sodium chloride, 0.25-1 part of amino acid, 0.2 part of mineral premix and 0.2 part of vitamin premix, wherein the content of crude protein in the complete feed of the laying hens consisting of the raw materials is less than or equal to 15.5%, and the metabolic energy of the complete feed is more than or equal to 11 MJ/kg. The complete feed for the laying hens, prepared by the invention, adopts a nutritional design with high metabolic energy, low protein and reasonable amino acid content, improves the health degree of the chicken flocks, and avoids the problems of heavy eggs, low laying rate, high death and culling rate of the laying hens, low egg laying number of the laying hens in a house and the like caused by too large feed intake, thereby achieving the best egg laying performance and egg quality of the laying hens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen complete feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The main subjects of raising laying hens are to improve the quality of eggs and to improve the egg yield of laying hens entering a house. The ways for improving the egg yield of the chicken entering the house mainly comprise the following points: the raising period of the laying hens is prolonged, the egg-laying peak period is prolonged, the health degree of the chicken group is improved, and the death and culling rate of the egg-laying period is reduced.
The protein resources in China are deficient, the external dependence of protein feed raw materials exceeds 70%, animal-derived feed raw materials are widely used in feed preparation due to low price and rich nutrition, but the raw materials have certain influence on the health degree of laying hens and the quality of eggs, particularly the flavor of the eggs, due to poor quality stability, easy deterioration and difficult control of sanitary indexes.
The low-protein daily ration is characterized in that the crude protein level in the daily ration is reduced, and meanwhile, the requirement of animals for amino acid is met by adding appropriate types and quantities of synthetic amino acid, so that the growth performance and the product quality of the animals are not influenced, the feed cost can be reduced, and the environment friendliness is ensured. However, the metabolic energy level of low-protein daily ration needs to be controlled in a reasonable range, too low metabolic energy can cause large feed intake, on one hand, gastrointestinal burden is increased, digestive system diseases are caused, other diseases can be induced, on the other hand, too much amino acid is taken, and egg weight is too large, so that the problems of low laying rate and high death and elutriation rate in the laying period can be caused.
The invention patent CN103156090A discloses a chicken feed special for a desuperheating chicken, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-65g of northeast corn, 5-8g of Hebei wheat, 30-33g of four-sea soybean meal, 1.0-1.5g of stone powder, 0.8-1.0g of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.5g of salt, 0.08-0.15g of lysine, 0.08-0.1g of choline chloride, 0.01-0.03g of phytase, VA800IU, VD300IU, VE3mg, VB10.2mg, VB20.5mg, VB60.4mg, 3.5mg of nicotinic acid, 1mg of pantothenic acid, 0.07mg of folic acid, 3mg of organic copper, 10mg of organic iron, 3mg of organic zinc, 0.1-0.2g of lutein and 0.05-0.1g of probiotics. The invention has the advantages that: 1. the product adopts a low-protein high-energy formula technology; 2. the product adopts a plurality of organic trace element compatibility technologies to replace the common inorganic trace elements in the past; 3. the sold desuperheated chicken skin is yellow and red, the body shape is good, and the price is high; 4. the disease resistance of the chicken is strong, and the survival rate is high; 5. the feed has high reward, high daily gain and high economic benefit. The soybean meal used in the comparison document has a high specific gravity in the whole feed and a high protein content, generally 40-50%, and is not suitable for a low-protein feed formula.
The invention patent CN109662212A discloses a plant type feed for laying hen breeding, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of soybean meal, 8-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 15-25 parts of sweet potato powder, 3-15 parts of vitamin C powder, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 5-7 parts of rice flour, 5-15 parts of bean curd residue, 2-4 parts of fructus momordicae, 1-2 parts of plantain herb, 1-3 parts of fish meal, 0.2-1 part of poria cocos, 6-10 parts of oil residue and 1-3 parts of radix isatidis. The comparison document discloses a plant type feed for laying hens, which mainly comprises soybean meal, has high protein content, low metabolic energy and high price.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the application provides a plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen complete feed and a preparation method thereof, and the content of various raw materials is controlled, so that the crude protein content and the metabolic energy of the feed are controlled, and the problems of poor egg quality, high egg weight, low laying rate, high death and culling rate of laying hens and low egg laying number of laying hens in a house caused by poor egg quality and high feed intake of the feed are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
a plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen complete feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20-50 parts of corn, 5-15 parts of millet polishing powder, 3-8 parts of pepper seeds, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 7-12 parts of stone grains, 1-5 parts of citric acid residues, 1-5 parts of corn sugar residues, 1-6 parts of peanut cakes, 1-10 parts of corn germ cakes, 1-7 parts of sesame cakes, 0.5-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-3 parts of beet molasses, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of 60% choline chloride, 0.25-0.35 part of sodium chloride, 0.25-1 part of amino acid, 0.2 part of mineral premix and 0.2 part of vitamin premix;
the crude protein content of the complete feed for the laying hens, which consists of the raw materials, is less than or equal to 15.5 percent, and the metabolic energy of the complete feed for the laying hens is more than or equal to 11 MJ/kg.
Further, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-45 parts of corn, 5-15 parts of millet polishing powder, 3-8 parts of pepper seeds, 4-7 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of stone grains, 1-3 parts of citric acid residues, 1-5 parts of corn sugar residues, 1-6 parts of peanut cakes, 3-6 parts of corn germ cakes, 1-7 parts of sesame cakes, 0.5-1 part of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of beet molasses, 0.5-0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of 60% choline chloride, 0.25-0.35 part of sodium chloride, 0.25-0.85 part of amino acid, 0.2 part of mineral premix and 0.2 part of vitamin premix.
Further, the content of crude protein in the complete feed for the laying hens is 14-15.5%.
Further, the content of crude protein in the complete feed for the laying hens is 14.7-15.3%.
Furthermore, the metabolism energy of the complete feed of the laying hens is 11-12 MJ/kg.
Furthermore, the metabolism energy of the complete feed for the laying hens is 11-11.7 MJ/kg.
Further, the amino acid is formed by mixing methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan according to the weight ratio of 1:3:0.3: 0.3.
Further, the vitamin premix comprises vitamin A4800-31400-2500KIU/Kg, vitamin E11-12KIU/Kg, vitamin K800-900 mg/Kg, vitamin B11200-2000mg/Kg of vitamin B22600-61900-2000mg/Kg of vitamin B1210-15mg/Kg, 8-10g/Kg of nicotinamide, 8000mg/Kg of calcium pantothenate 4600-.
Further, the mineral premix comprises 30-100g/Kg of iron, 25-100g/Kg of copper, 30-80g/Kg of zinc, 30-60g/Kg of manganese, 450mg/Kg of iodine 135 and 200mg/Kg of selenium 130 and per Kg of the content of the mineral premix.
A preparation method of a plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen complete feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the corn and the pepper seeds in proportion, crushing by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with the aperture of 4-7mm, and distributing to a storage bin for later use;
s2, crushing the corn sugar residue, the citric acid residue, the corn germ cake, the sesame cake and the peanut cake by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with the aperture of 4-7mm, and distributing the crushed materials to respective bins for later use;
s3, directly sieving the soybean meal with a vibrating screen with a pore diameter of 7.0mm, and distributing the soybean meal to a storage bin for later use;
s4, distributing the millet polishing powder and the stone grains to respective bins for later use;
s5, premixing calcium hydrophosphate, sodium chloride, 60% green choline, amino acid, mineral premix and vitamin premix in a mixer on the inner wall of stainless steel to obtain small mixed materials for later use;
s6, uniformly mixing the raw materials of the components prepared in the steps S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, soybean oil and beet molasses in parts by weight in a mixer to obtain the complete feed for the laying hens.
Further, the mass ratio of the pepper seeds to the corn in the step S1 is 1 (4-9).
Further, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity of the small mixed materials in the step S5 is less than or equal to 5%.
Further, the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity of the complete feed of the laying hen in the step S6 is less than or equal to 7%.
The corn germ cake in the application is a product obtained by squeezing corn germ and extracting oil; the peanut cake is a product which is prepared by taking shelled peanuts as a raw material and squeezing and extracting oil, the metabolism energy of the peanut cake is the highest among all cakes, and the crude protein content can reach more than 48%. The arginine content is as high as 5.2 percent; the sesame cake is a product obtained by squeezing sesame to extract oil; beet molasses is a by-product of the beet sugar industry, a dark brown, viscous and semi-fluid liquid.
In the present application, the crude protein is a measure of the protein content in the feed, and since the nitrogen content in the protein is generally about 16%, the total nitrogen content is usually determined by kjeldahl method in the rough analysis, and is obtained by multiplying the total nitrogen content by a coefficient of 6.25.
The metabolic energy in the application refers to the residual energy obtained by subtracting the energy of feces, urine and gas in the digestive tract from the total energy of the layer chicken eating the feed, namely the energy absorbed and utilized by animal bodies to reach nutrient substances in the layer chicken eating the feed, which is also called apparent metabolic energy.
The mixing uniformity coefficient of variation in the application is a method for expressing the uniformity of the mixing degree of the feed, and the physical and mechanical properties of materials, such as proportion, granularity, adhesion, shape and volume weight. The difference of water content, electrostatic effect and the like makes the mixing degree of materials have larger difference.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the protein feed and the energy feed in the prepared complete feed for the laying hens are all stable and safe plant raw materials, the nutritional ingredients of plant raw materials are fully utilized, the use of expensive protein materials such as bean pulp and the like is reduced, and the plant raw materials have the characteristics of difficulty in causing pathogenic bacteria to generate drug resistance, little harmful residue formed in animals and small toxic and side effects.
(2) The complete feed adopts a nutritional design with high metabolic energy, low protein and reasonable amino acid content, thereby not only improving the health degree of the chicken flocks, but also avoiding a series of problems of overlarge egg weight, low laying rate, high death and culling rate of the laying hens and low egg laying number of the laying hens entering a house caused by overlarge feed intake, and further achieving the optimal egg laying performance and egg products of the laying hens.
(3) The corn sugar residue used in the invention is a leftover generated in the corn sugar making process, has 28% of protein content and 25% of fat content, is sweet in taste and good in palatability, has obvious price advantage compared with the conventional protein raw material, has higher metabolic energy, and can provide more protein and metabolic energy in the feed formula.
(4) The pepper seeds used in the invention are the seeds of pepper, are dried and cooked to form black granules, have 11% of protein content and 18% of oil content, are high-quality energy feeds, and replace corn to save the consumption of protein raw materials.
(5) The millet polishing powder used in the application is leftovers produced in a polishing process before packaging for improving the appearance of millet, has 12% of protein content, 10% of fat content and 2.5% of crude fiber content, contains rich vitamins and trace elements, is slightly lower in protein and much higher in metabolic energy compared with common energy feed such as bran and the like.
(6) The citric acid residues used in the application are a large amount of waste residues generated in citric acid production, the crude protein content of the citric acid residues is 24%, the citric acid content of the citric acid residues is 2.8%, and laying hens serving as energy feed sources can improve the palatability of feeds, promote chicks to reduce fatty liver, increase the blood phosphorus content and improve the weight of laying eggs.
(7) According to the complete feed for the laying hens, the corn sugar residue, the citric acid residue, the millet polishing powder and the pepper seeds are matched in the feed, so that the metabolism energy of the laying hens is increased while the crude protein content of the feed is reduced, the using amount of expensive protein raw materials such as bean pulp is saved, and a formula space is provided for further improving the whole metabolism energy of the feed.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
1. Preparation method of plant type high-energy low-protein complete feed for laying hens
Example 1
(1) Mixing corn and pepper seeds according to a ratio of 9:1, crushing by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with a pore diameter of 7.0mm, and distributing to a storage bin for later use;
(2) crushing corn sugar residue, corn germ cake, sesame cake, peanut cake and citric acid residue by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with 4.0mm aperture, and distributing to respective bins for later use;
(3) sieving the soybean meal by a vibrating screen with the aperture of 7.0mm, and distributing the soybean meal to a storage bin for later use;
(4) the millet polishing powder and the stone particles are distributed to respective bins for standby;
(5) premixing 0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 0.3 part of threonine, 0.3 part of tryptophan, 1 part of methionine, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 0.2 part of mineral premix (each kg of which contains 80g of ferrum, 80g of copper, 50g of manganese, 50g of zinc, 200mg of iodine and 150mg of selenium) and 0.2 part of vitamin premix (each kg of which contains 4800KIU vitamin A, 2000KIU vitamin D3, 12KIU vitamin E, 900mg vitamin K, 1800mg vitamin B1, 3000mg vitamin B2, 2000mg vitamin B6, 15mg vitamin B12, 10g of nicotinamide, 6000g of calcium pantothenate, 1000mg of folic acid and 80mg of biotin) in a mixer on the inner wall of stainless steel to obtain mixed small materials, wherein the mixed uniformity coefficient of variation is required to be less than or equal to 5%;
(6) 51 parts of the mixture of the crushed corns and the pepper seeds prepared in the step (1); (2) 4.5 parts of medium-crushed corn sugar residue, 6 parts of corn germ cake, 4 parts of sesame cake, 5 parts of peanut cake and 2 parts of citric acid residue; (3) 6 parts of medium soybean meal; (4) 10 parts of millet polishing powder and 9 parts of stone particles; (5) and (3) putting the medium-mixed small materials into a mixing machine, fully stirring for 30s, spraying 1 part of soybean oil into the mixing machine, continuously stirring and mixing for 30s, spraying 1 part of beet molasses into the mixing machine, and continuously stirring for 80s, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is required to be less than or equal to 7%, so as to obtain the plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen compound feed.
Example 2
(1) Mixing corn and pepper seeds according to a ratio of 8:2, crushing by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with a pore diameter of 7.0mm, and distributing to a storage bin for later use;
(2) crushing corn sugar residue, corn germ cake, sesame cake, peanut cake and citric acid residue by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with 4.0mm aperture, and distributing to respective bins for later use;
(3) sieving the soybean meal by a vibrating screen with the aperture of 7.0mm, and distributing the soybean meal to a storage bin for later use;
(4) the millet polishing powder and the stone particles are distributed to respective bins for standby;
(5) premixing 0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 0.3 part of threonine, 0.3 part of tryptophan, 1 part of methionine, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 0.2 part of mineral premix (each kg of which contains 80g of ferrum, 80g of copper, 50g of manganese, 50g of zinc, 200mg of iodine and 150mg of selenium) and 0.2 part of vitamin premix (each kg of which contains 4800KIU vitamin A, 2000KIU vitamin D3, 12KIU vitamin E, 900mg vitamin K, 1800mg vitamin B1, 3000mg vitamin B2, 2000mg vitamin B6, 15mg vitamin B12, 10g of nicotinamide, 6000g of calcium pantothenate, 1000mg of folic acid and 80mg of biotin) in a mixer on the inner wall of stainless steel to obtain mixed small materials, wherein the mixed uniformity coefficient of variation is required to be less than or equal to 5%;
(6) 50 parts of a mixture of the crushed corn and the pepper seeds prepared in the step (1); (2) 1 part of medium-crushed corn sugar residue, 6 parts of corn germ cake, 5 parts of sesame cake, 6 parts of peanut cake and 3 parts of citric acid residue; (3) 5 parts of medium soybean meal; (4) 13.5 parts of millet polishing powder and 9 parts of stone particles; (5) and (3) putting the medium-mixed small materials into a mixing machine, fully stirring for 30s, spraying 0.5 part of soybean oil into the mixing machine, continuously stirring and mixing for 30s, spraying 0.5 part of beet molasses into the mixing machine, and continuously stirring for 80s, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is required to be less than or equal to 7 percent, so as to obtain the plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen compound feed.
Example 3
(1) Mixing corn and pepper seeds according to a ratio of 7:1, crushing by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with a pore diameter of 7.0mm, and distributing to a storage bin for later use;
(2) crushing corn sugar residue, corn germ cake, sesame cake, peanut cake and citric acid residue by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with 4.0mm aperture, and distributing to respective bins for later use;
(3) sieving the soybean meal by a vibrating screen with the aperture of 7.0mm, and distributing the soybean meal to a storage bin for later use;
(4) the millet polishing powder and the stone particles are distributed to respective bins for standby;
(5) premixing 0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 parts of lysine, 0.3 part of threonine, 0.3 part of tryptophan, 1 part of methionine, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 0.2 part of mineral premix (each kg of which contains 80g of ferrum, 80g of copper, 50g of manganese, 50g of zinc, 200mg of iodine and 150mg of selenium) and 0.2 part of vitamin premix (each kg of which contains 4800KIU vitamin A, 2000KIU vitamin D3, 12KIU vitamin E, 900mg vitamin K, 1800mg vitamin B1, 3000mg vitamin B2, 2000mg vitamin B6, 15mg vitamin B12, 10g of nicotinamide, 6000g of calcium pantothenate, 1000mg of folic acid and 80mg of biotin) in a mixer on the inner wall of stainless steel to obtain mixed small materials, wherein the mixed uniformity coefficient of variation is required to be less than or equal to 5%;
(6) 53 parts of a mixed material of the crushed corn and the pepper seed prepared in the step (1); (2) 3 parts of medium-crushed corn sugar residue, 10 parts of corn germ cake, 4 parts of sesame cake, 4 parts of peanut cake and 1 part of citric acid residue; (3) 7 parts of medium soybean meal; (4) 6 parts of millet polishing powder and 9 parts of stone particles; (5) and (3) putting the medium-mixed small materials into a mixing machine, fully stirring for 30s, spraying 2 parts of soybean oil into the mixing machine, continuously stirring and mixing for 30s, spraying 0.5 part of beet molasses into the mixing machine, and continuously stirring for 80s, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is required to be less than or equal to 7%, so as to obtain the plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen compound feed.
Comparative example 1
(1) Crushing corn by using a crusher with 7.0mm pore size sieve sheets, and distributing the crushed corn to a storage bin for later use;
(2) crushing corn germ cakes, sesame cakes and peanut cakes by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with the pore diameter of 4.0mm, and distributing the crushed corn germ cakes, sesame cakes and peanut cakes to respective bins for later use;
(3) sieving the soybean meal by a vibrating screen with the aperture of 7.0mm, and distributing the soybean meal to a storage bin for later use;
(4) distributing the stone particles to a bin for later use;
(5) premixing 0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 part of lysine, 0.1 part of threonine, 0.1 part of tryptophan, 0.2 part of methionine, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 0.2 part of mineral premix and 0.2 part of vitamin premix in a mixer on the inner wall of stainless steel to obtain small mixed materials, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is required to be less than or equal to 5%;
(6) 51 parts of the crushed corn material prepared in the step (1); (2) 6 parts of medium-crushed corn germ cakes, 4 parts of sesame cakes and 5 parts of peanut cakes; (3) 6 parts of medium soybean meal; (4) 9 parts of stone particles; (5) and (3) putting the medium-mixed small materials into a mixing machine, fully stirring for 30s, spraying 1 part of soybean oil into the mixing machine, continuously stirring and mixing for 30s, spraying 1 part of beet molasses into the mixing machine, continuously stirring for 80s, and obtaining the plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen compound feed, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is required to be less than or equal to 7%.
Comparative example 2
The conventional commercial laying hen batch for the animal-derived feed comprises the following components: 50-70 parts of corn, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 1-5 parts of cottonseed meal, 3-8 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of blood meal, 1-2 parts of feather meal, 8-10 parts of stone particles, 0.5-1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2-0.25 part of sodium chloride, 0.1-0.2 part of lysine, 0.1-0.15 part of methionine, 0.2 part of vitamin premix and 0.2 part of trace element premix.
(1) Crushing corn by using a crusher with 7.0mm pore size sieve sheets, and distributing the crushed corn to a storage bin for later use;
(2) sieving the soybean meal by a vibrating screen with the aperture of 7.0mm, and distributing the soybean meal to a storage bin for later use;
(3) crushing the cottonseed meal by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with the aperture of 4.0mm, and distributing the crushed cottonseed meal to a storage bin for later use;
(4) distributing the stone particles, the wheat bran, the blood powder and the feather powder to a storage bin for later use;
(5) premixing 0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1 part of lysine, 0.1 part of methionine, 0.2 part of sodium chloride, 0.2 part of mineral premix (each kg of which contains 80g of ferrum, 80g of copper, 50g of manganese, 50g of zinc, 200mg of iodine and 150mg of selenium) and 0.2 part of vitamin premix (each kg of which contains 4800KIU vitamin A, 2000KIU vitamin D3, 12KIU vitamin E, 900mg of vitamin K, 1800mg of vitamin B1, 3000mg of vitamin B2, 2000mg of vitamin B6, 15mg of vitamin B12, 10g of nicotinamide, 6000g of calcium pantothenate, 1000mg of folic acid and 80mg of biotin) in a mixer on the inner wall of stainless steel to obtain a mixed small material, wherein the mixing uniformity variation coefficient is required to be less than or equal to 5%;
(6) 60 parts of the crushed corn material prepared in the step (1); (2) 15 parts of medium soybean meal; (3) 3 parts of medium cottonseed meal; (4) 10 parts of stone grains, 7 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of blood meal and 2 parts of feather meal; (5) and (3) putting the medium-mixed small materials into a mixer, and fully stirring for 120s, wherein the variation coefficient of the mixing uniformity is required to be less than or equal to 7%, so as to obtain the compound feed for the laying hens of animal origin.
The corn germ cake used in the embodiment is a product obtained by squeezing and extracting oil from corn germ; the peanut cake is a product which is prepared by taking shelled peanuts as a raw material and squeezing and extracting oil, the metabolism energy of the peanut cake is the highest among all cakes, and the crude protein content can reach more than 48%. The arginine content is as high as 5.2 percent; the sesame cake is a product obtained by squeezing sesame to extract oil; beet molasses, a by-product of the beet sugar industry, is a dark brown, viscous and semi-fluid liquid, wherein corn germ cake, peanut cake, sesame cake and beet molasses are commonly used feed additives in the art.
2. Performance detection
The crude protein content of the feed prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 and the metabolic energy of the laying hens are determined, wherein the crude protein content is tested by reference to the Kjeldahl method for determining crude protein in feed GB/T6432-2018, the metabolic energy of the laying hens is detected by adopting a near infrared spectroscopy, and the test results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1
| Detecting items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Crude protein content (%) | 15.0 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 17.0 | 17.0 |
| Metabolism energy of egg chicken (MJ/kg) | 11.3 | 11.0 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 10.5 |
Comparative example 1 is a control group without corn sugar residue, citric acid residue, millet polishing powder and pepper seeds, as can be seen from table 1, in examples 1-3, compared with comparative example 1, after the corn sugar residue, citric acid residue, millet polishing powder and pepper seeds are added, the crude protein content of the complete feed of the laying hen is kept in the range of 14-15.5%, the metabolic energy of the laying hen is kept in the range of 11-12MJ/kg, the metabolic energy of the laying hen is increased while the crude protein content is reduced, and in comparative example 1, the crude protein content is 17%, the metabolic energy is 10.8MJ/kg, which easily causes a series of problems of overlarge feed intake, overlarge egg weight, low egg laying rate, high death and panning rate of the laying hen, and small egg laying number.
Comparative example 2 is a control group of a conventional commercial layer batch using an animal-derived feed, and it can be seen from table 1 that, in examples 1 to 3, compared with comparative example 2, the conventional commercial layer batch using the animal-derived feed has a higher crude protein content and a lower metabolic energy of layers, and easily causes a series of problems of an excessively large feed intake, an excessively large egg weight, a low laying rate, a high death and culling rate of layers, and a small number of eggs laid in a hen house.
3. Laying hens are fed with the formula feeds of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2
1750 feathers of 350-day-old healthy laying hens are selected as experimental objects and divided into 5 groups, wherein 3 groups are selected randomly to be fed with the full-value feed of the laying hens prepared by the method of the embodiment 1-3, and the rest 2 groups are fed with the feed prepared by the comparative example 1-2. Feeding for 120 days under the same environment, counting the number of eggs, the weight of the eggs, the feed intake and the number of dead panning every day, and counting the experimental results as shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
Comparative example 1 is a control group without corn sugar residue, citric acid residue, millet polishing powder and pepper seeds, and as can be seen from table 2, in examples 1-3, compared with comparative example 1, after the complete feed of the laying hens added with corn sugar residue, citric acid residue, millet polishing powder and pepper seeds is used for feeding, the average daily feed intake of the laying hens is low, the average egg weight is low, the egg laying rate is high, the death and culling rate is low, the feed-egg ratio is low, the total number of eggs laid in the house during the experiment is large, and the total final egg laying weight is large, while in comparative example 1, the average daily feed intake of the laying hens is high, the average egg weight is high, the egg laying rate is reduced, the death and culling rate is high, the total egg laying number of the laying hens in the house during the experiment is reduced, and the total.
Comparative example 2 is a control group of a conventional commercial layer batch using an animal-derived feed, and as can be seen from table 2, in examples 1 to 3, compared with comparative example 2, after the conventional commercial layer batch using the animal-derived feed is used for feeding layers, the average daily feed intake of the layers is high, the average egg weight is high, the laying rate is reduced, the death rate is increased, the feed-egg ratio is high, the total number of eggs laid by the layers in the house during the experiment is reduced, and finally the total egg weight is reduced.
In addition, through egg evaluation, compared with the groups of comparative examples 1-2, the eggs of the groups of examples 1-3 have high egg shell cleanliness, thick and clear egg white, no fishy smell, good mouthfeel and better comprehensive quality.
In conclusion, the plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen compound feed provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for feeding laying hens, the production performance and the egg quality of the laying hens are improved, and the environment friendliness and resource conservation are ensured.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to these embodiments. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A plant type high-energy low-protein complete feed for laying hens is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20-50 parts of corn, 5-15 parts of millet polishing powder, 3-8 parts of pepper seeds, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 7-12 parts of stone grains, 1-5 parts of citric acid residues, 1-5 parts of corn sugar residues, 1-6 parts of peanut cakes, 1-10 parts of corn germ cakes, 1-7 parts of sesame cakes, 0.5-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-3 parts of beet molasses, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.3 part of 60% choline chloride, 0.25-0.35 part of sodium chloride, 0.25-1 part of amino acid, 0.2 part of mineral premix and 0.2 part of vitamin premix;
the crude protein content of the complete feed for the laying hens, which consists of the raw materials, is less than or equal to 15.5 percent, and the metabolic energy of the complete feed for the laying hens is more than or equal to 11 MJ/kg.
2. The plant type high-energy low-protein laying hen complete feed according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35-45 parts of corn, 5-15 parts of millet polishing powder, 3-8 parts of pepper seeds, 4-7 parts of soybean meal, 8-10 parts of stone grains, 1-3 parts of citric acid residues, 1-5 parts of corn sugar residues, 1-6 parts of peanut cakes, 3-6 parts of corn germ cakes, 1-7 parts of sesame cakes, 0.5-1 part of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of beet molasses, 0.5-0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.1-0.2 part of 60% choline chloride, 0.25-0.35 part of sodium chloride, 0.25-0.85 part of amino acid, 0.2 part of mineral premix and 0.2 part of vitamin premix.
3. The plant-type high-energy low-protein complete feed for laying hens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crude protein content of the complete feed for laying hens is 14-15.5%.
4. The plant-type high-energy low-protein complete feed for laying hens as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the crude protein content of the complete feed for laying hens is 14.7-15.3%.
5. The plant-type high-energy low-protein complete feed for laying hens as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metabolic energy of the complete feed for laying hens is 11-12 MJ/kg.
6. The plant-type high-energy low-protein complete feed for laying hens as claimed in claim 1 or 5, wherein the metabolic energy of the complete feed for laying hens is 11-11.7 MJ/kg.
7. The plant-type high-energy low-protein laying hen complete feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amino acid is prepared by mixing methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan according to a weight ratio of 1:3:0.3: 0.3.
8. The preparation method of the plant-type high-energy low-protein layer complete feed as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing the corn and the pepper seeds in proportion, crushing by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with the aperture of 4-7mm, and distributing to a storage bin for later use;
s2, crushing the corn sugar residue, the citric acid residue, the corn germ cake, the sesame cake and the peanut cake by using a crusher with a sieve sheet with the aperture of 4-7mm, and distributing the crushed materials to respective bins for later use;
s3, directly sieving the soybean meal with a vibrating screen with a pore diameter of 7.0mm, and distributing the soybean meal to a storage bin for later use;
s4, distributing the millet polishing powder and the stone grains to respective bins for later use;
s5, premixing calcium hydrophosphate, sodium chloride, 60% green choline, amino acid, mineral premix and vitamin premix in a mixer on the inner wall of stainless steel to obtain small mixed materials for later use;
s6, uniformly mixing the raw materials of the components prepared in the steps S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, soybean oil and beet molasses in parts by weight in a mixer to obtain the complete feed for the laying hens.
9. The method for preparing a complete plant-type high-energy low-protein laying hen feed according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of the pepper seeds to the corn in step S1 is 1 (4-9).
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the variation coefficient of uniformity of mixing of the small mixed feed in step S5 is less than or equal to 5%, and the variation coefficient of uniformity of mixing of the full-value feed for layer chicken in step S6 is less than or equal to 7%.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112753886A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-07 | 吉林农业大学 | Novel feed for chickens in growing period |
| CN113397064A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-09-17 | 陕西石羊农业科技股份有限公司 | Corn-free and soybean meal-free complete feed for laying hens and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107889965A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-10 | 辽宁禾丰牧业股份有限公司 | A kind of extreme early Laying chicks curing pellet and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107889965A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-10 | 辽宁禾丰牧业股份有限公司 | A kind of extreme early Laying chicks curing pellet and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112753886A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-07 | 吉林农业大学 | Novel feed for chickens in growing period |
| CN112753886B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-12-01 | 吉林农业大学 | Feed for chickens in growing period |
| CN113397064A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-09-17 | 陕西石羊农业科技股份有限公司 | Corn-free and soybean meal-free complete feed for laying hens and preparation method thereof |
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