CN112243769A - Method for preventing and controlling root maggot pests - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling root maggot pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN112243769A CN112243769A CN202011003037.1A CN202011003037A CN112243769A CN 112243769 A CN112243769 A CN 112243769A CN 202011003037 A CN202011003037 A CN 202011003037A CN 112243769 A CN112243769 A CN 112243769A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
- A01N47/46—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=C=S groups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling root maggot pests, which is characterized by comprising the following three methods: A. diluting the refined wood vinegar, spraying to the bulb of Liliaceae vegetables such as folium Allii tuberosi, and continuously irrigating for 2-5 times at intervals of 5-15 days while ensuring that the medicinal liquid penetrates to soil layer below 5 cm; B. diluting refined wood vinegar, mixing with biological preparation, spraying to the bulb of Liliaceae vegetables such as folium Allii tuberosi, and continuously irrigating for 2-5 times with the medicinal liquid penetrating below 5cm of soil layer at intervals of 5-15 days; C. diluting refined wood vinegar, mixing with chemical agent, spraying to the bulb of Liliaceae vegetables such as folium Allii tuberosi, and continuously irrigating for 2-5 times with the medicinal liquid penetrating below 5cm of soil layer at intervals of 5-15 days. The invention is used for preventing and controlling root maggot pests, is not limited by objective conditions, has simple operation, can enhance the killing effect on maggots, has stable preventing and controlling effect, has the growth promoting effect on vegetables, has obvious yield increasing and quality improving effects, and is suitable for large-area popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of root maggot pest control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling root maggot pests.
Background
In recent years, the root maggots of crops are increasingly harmful, root systems of the crops are rotten, plants are wilted until the plants die, seedlings and ridges are lacked, and the plants die into pieces, so that the yield of agricultural products is greatly reduced, and the quality of the agricultural products is reduced. In order to prevent root maggots, vegetable farmers often frequently or excessively use insecticides, so that the prevention effect is not ideal, pesticide residues often exceed standards, great hidden dangers are caused to food safety, soil, water sources and the like are seriously polluted, and the ecological environment is damaged.
At present, the species of root maggots mainly include Chinese chive maggots (Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang, Bradysia luhi Yang et Zhang larvae of Bradysia terreus), garlic maggots (also called scallion maggots, Allium fistulosa Delia antiaggua Meigen larvae), root maggots (Ashland maggots Delia platura Megen larvae), onion maggots (Allium sativum, Allium cepa striatus Fallen larvae).
Root maggot pests are harmful all the year round. The adults of the Chinese chive maggots are the bradysia odoriphaga, and the adults of the root maggots of the garlic of the scallion are flies and often inhabit around the roots and stems of the vegetables to lay eggs. The larvae of the hatched leek maggots and the scallion garlic root maggots have similar damage rules to the host plant, are gathered in groups at the tender shoots and roots of the host plant to gnaw, so that the roots and the roots of the host plant are rotten and withered until the plants die, and the method for preventing and controlling the leek maggots and the scallion garlic root maggots in agricultural production is the same. Therefore, the invention takes the chive maggots which harm the chives as the representative of the main control objects, and creates a novel safe and efficient control method.
The bradysia odoriphaga belongs to diptera and the family of hymenidae, is an important pest of vegetables such as allium sativum and allium sativum, is particularly favored by the bradysia odoriphaga, and larvae of the bradysia odoriphaga are commonly called bradysia odoriphaga, and are one of the main reasons for the reduction in yield of the bradysia odoriphaga and the overproof of pesticide residues. The bradysia odoriphaga is in the state of imago, egg, larva and pupa, and is damaged by the bulb and tender stem of the larva gathered in the underground part of the bradysia odoriphaga. The larva which is hatched first harms the base of the leek leaf sheath and the upper end of the bulb. The young stems of the Chinese chives are mainly damaged in spring and autumn to cause rottenness, so that the Chinese chives are withered and yellow to die. In summer, the larva moves downwards to eat the bulb, the heavy bulb is rotten, and the whole mounds of the leeks, the shallots and the garlic die.
The bradysia odoriphaga is fed in a wide range and can damage more than 30 vegetables of 7 families, such as liliaceae, Compositae, Chenopodiaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Umbelliferae, etc., wherein leeks in northern protected areas are the most seriously damaged, and garlic, onions, melons and lettuce are the second; the average larva of the serious Chinese chive affected plots reaches 200 heads/m2The average onion number is 300 bits/m2The yield loss of the Chinese chives is 30 to 80 percent, and the economic loss of the garlic field is over 30 percent. But also harms edible fungi in Jiangxi and Beijing.
In agricultural production, chemical pesticides such as neonicotinoids, pyrethrins and organic phosphorus and biological pesticides such as abamectin, athomin and matrine are often adopted to prevent and treat the damage of Chinese chive maggots, so that the Chinese chive maggots can be prevented and treated, and the yield of vegetables such as Chinese chive, scallion and garlic can be increased. A friend researchers of vegetable and flower research institute of Chinese agricultural academy of sciences invents a physical method of high-temperature film covering, and can kill leek maggots only in high-temperature seasons in summer by adopting a method of watering and film covering through high-temperature braising, so that the production standard of organic vegetables is reached. At present, a biological control method for controlling Chinese chive maggots by using entomopathogenic nematode preparations is also being explored in agriculture.
However, the chemical pesticides such as nicotinoids, pyrethrins and organic phosphorus are frequently used for root irrigation, so that the drug resistance of Chinese chive maggots is easily initiated and enhanced, the dosage of the chemical pesticides is continuously increased and accumulated, the problem that the pesticide residue exceeds the standard is serious day by day, and the occurrence of the event of poisoning the Chinese chives is frequent. The root irrigation by using biological pesticides such as abamectin, athomin, matrine and the like has the prevention and treatment effect of less than 60 percent generally, can not effectively kill the Chinese chive maggots, and the Chinese chive is needed to be cut when the athomin is used, otherwise, the phytotoxicity is easily caused. The high-temperature film covering method is used for preventing and controlling the Chinese chive maggots, the operation procedures are limited by the temperature, the Chinese chive maggots are only used in high-temperature seasons in summer, and the Chinese chive maggots are seriously harmful in spring and autumn, but cannot be popularized and applied. The action principle of the entomopathogenic nematode preparation is to utilize the parasitic relationship to slowly kill the Chinese chive maggots, but different entomopathogenic nematodes have different colonization, regeneration and parasitic abilities, are greatly influenced by environmental conditions, particularly temperature, have unstable control effect, and are difficult to popularize in a large scale in production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for controlling root maggots, which comprises the following three methods for controlling root maggots:
A. diluting refined wood vinegar solution by 800 times, spraying to the bulb part of Liliaceae vegetables such as folium Allii tuberosi at dosage of 3-8L per square meter, and continuously irrigating roots for 2-5 times at interval of 5-15 days while ensuring that the medicinal solution penetrates to below 5cm of soil layer;
B. diluting refined wood vinegar by 800 times, mixing with biological agent, spraying to the stem of Liliaceae vegetable such as folium Allii tuberosi at dosage of 3-8L per square meter, and making the medicinal liquid penetrate into soil layer below 5cm at interval of 5-15 days for 2-5 times;
C. diluting refined wood vinegar by 800 times, mixing with chemical agent, spraying to the stem of Liliaceae vegetable such as folium Allii tuberosi at dosage of 3-8L per square meter, and continuously irrigating for 2-5 times at interval of 5-15 days to ensure that the medicinal liquid permeates to below 5cm of soil layer.
Preferably, the refined pyroligneous liquor is obtained by standing and separating crude pyroligneous liquor and fractionating under reduced pressure.
Preferably, the refined pyroligneous acid has a pH of 2 to 3, and the refined pyroligneous acid has an organic acid content of more than 15% and an acetic acid content of more than 5%.
Preferably, the biological agent is a biological agent of abamectin, matrine and athomin which is suitable for preventing and controlling root maggot pests in agriculture at present.
Preferably, the chemical agent is neonicotinoid, pyrethroid and organic phosphorus chemical pesticide which are suitable for preventing and controlling root maggot pests in agriculture at present.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the pyroligneous is a natural sugar vinegar, and can stimulate the chive maggot to generate tropism and play a role in trapping. In winter, the wood vinegar can induce the Chinese chive maggots to move to the surface of the soil layer, so that the contact chance of the Chinese chive maggots and the wood vinegar or other medicaments mixed in the wood vinegar is increased, and the killing effect is enhanced.
2. The wood vinegar contains ketones, esters, amines, alkaloids and various organic compounds, has a certain killing effect on the chive maggots, can kill secondary pathogenic bacteria such as root rot caused by the rottenness of the roots and the stems of the chive maggots, kills harmful microorganisms on the roots and the stems of the chive, and is beneficial to the propagation of beneficial microorganisms.
3. The wood vinegar is mixed with biological agents or chemical agents, so that the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking caused by the fact that chemical fertilizers are used for a long time and soil is hardened day by day, seedlings are burned, Chinese chive maggots are aggravated and the like are avoided, the wood vinegar is acidic, the condition that the pH value of the soil tends to be suitable for the growth of the Chinese chives can be adjusted, the granular structure of the soil is increased, meanwhile, the decomposition of organic fertilizers is promoted, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is improved, the stress resistance of vegetables is enhanced, the growth vigor is promoted, and the effects of increasing yield and improving quality are achieved.
4. The wood vinegar liquid contains pure natural plant hormones such as indoleacetic acid, zeatin and salicylic acid, supplements necessary natural growth regulating substances for the Chinese chives, promotes the growth of the Chinese chives, and particularly can still stimulate the newborn Chinese chives buds to restore the normal growth vigor when the Chinese chives maggots damage the base parts of the Chinese chives, and the growth vigor is obviously superior to that of the conventional production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of comparative tests of control effect of Chinese chive maggots in test zones of various degrees;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the results of comparative tests of the increase in stimulation in test zones of various degrees of chive maggots.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention is further described below:
example (b):
a method for controlling root maggot pests comprises the following three methods for controlling the root maggot pests:
A. diluting refined wood vinegar solution by 800 times, spraying to the bulb part of Liliaceae vegetables such as folium Allii tuberosi at dosage of 3-8L per square meter, and continuously irrigating roots for 2-5 times at interval of 5-15 days while ensuring that the medicinal solution penetrates to below 5cm of soil layer;
B. diluting refined wood vinegar by 800 times, mixing with biological preparation such as matrine, spraying to the stem of Liliaceae vegetable such as folium Allii tuberosi at dosage of 3-8L per square meter, and continuously irrigating for 2-5 times at interval of 5-15 days to ensure that the medicinal liquid penetrates into soil layer below 5 cm;
C. diluting refined wood vinegar by 800 times, mixing with chemical pesticide such as clothianidin, spraying to the stem of Liliaceae vegetable such as folium Allii tuberosi at dosage of 3-8L per square meter, and continuously irrigating for 2-5 times at interval of 5-15 days to ensure that the medicinal liquid penetrates below 5 cm.
Specifically, the refined wood vinegar is prepared by standing and separating crude wood vinegar, and vacuum fractionating, and has a pH of 2-3, and organic acid content of more than 15% and acetic acid content of more than 5%.
As shown in attached figures 1 and 2, according to the method for preventing and controlling the Chinese chive maggots, comparison tests are carried out in test areas with different degrees of occurrence of the Chinese chive maggots, and the results show that:
(1) according to the organic production standard, the refined pyroligneous diluted by 500 times is singly used for preventing and treating the roots and stems of test areas with different degrees, the preventing and treating effects of the three areas with different degrees exceed 75 percent, the yield increasing amplitude exceeds 25 percent, and the spicy flavor of the Chinese chives is higher than that of the conventional control;
(2) according to the organic production standard, the refined pyroligneous liquid diluted by 500 times is mixed with biological agents such as matrine for rhizome control, the control effect of three degree areas exceeds 90%, the yield increase amplitude exceeds 30%, and the pungent smell of Chinese chives is higher than that of the conventional control;
(3) according to the green production standard, refined wood vinegar which is diluted by 500 times is mixed with chemical pesticides such as clothianidin and the like for rhizome control, the control effects in three regions with different degrees reach more than 92%, the yield increase amplitude exceeds 30%, and the spicy flavor of Chinese chives is higher than that of the conventional control.
It should be noted that, in this document, moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing root maggot pests is characterized by comprising the following three methods for preventing the root maggot pests:
A. diluting refined wood vinegar solution by 800 times, spraying to the bulb part of Liliaceae vegetables such as folium Allii tuberosi at dosage of 3-8L per square meter, and continuously irrigating roots for 2-5 times at interval of 5-15 days while ensuring that the medicinal solution penetrates to below 5cm of soil layer;
B. diluting refined wood vinegar by 800 times, mixing with biological agent, spraying to the stem of Liliaceae vegetable such as folium Allii tuberosi at dosage of 3-8L per square meter, and making the medicinal liquid penetrate into soil layer below 5cm at interval of 5-15 days for 2-5 times;
C. diluting refined wood vinegar by 800 times, mixing with chemical agent, spraying to the stem of Liliaceae vegetable such as folium Allii tuberosi at dosage of 3-8L per square meter, and continuously irrigating for 2-5 times at interval of 5-15 days to ensure that the medicinal liquid permeates to below 5cm of soil layer.
2. The method for controlling root maggot kind pests according to claim 1, wherein said refined pyroligneous liquor is prepared by standing and separating crude pyroligneous liquor, and fractionating under reduced pressure.
3. The method for controlling root maggot kind pests according to claim 1, wherein said refined pyroligneous liquor has PH of 2-3, and the content of organic acid in the refined pyroligneous liquor is more than 15%, wherein the content of acetic acid is more than 5%.
4. The method for controlling root maggot pests according to claim 1, wherein said biological agent is a biological agent suitable for controlling root maggot pests in agriculture at present, including but not limited to matrine and horseradish peroxidase.
5. The method for controlling root maggot pests according to claim 1, wherein said chemical agent is a chemical pesticide suitable for controlling root maggot pests in agriculture, including but not limited to neonicotinoids, pyrethroids, and organophosphates.
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