CN112243632B - Processing method and application of aged cauliflower seeds - Google Patents
Processing method and application of aged cauliflower seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN112243632B CN112243632B CN202011100378.0A CN202011100378A CN112243632B CN 112243632 B CN112243632 B CN 112243632B CN 202011100378 A CN202011100378 A CN 202011100378A CN 112243632 B CN112243632 B CN 112243632B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment method and application of aged cauliflower seeds, wherein the treatment method of aged cauliflower seeds comprises the following steps: dissolving potassium nitrate, spermidine and spermine in water to obtain the treatment solution. And (3) sequentially adding seeds, vermiculite and treatment fluid into the container with the cover, uniformly mixing, and placing in an incubator for dark culture. After the culture is finished, the seeds are separated from the vermiculite, and the seeds are washed by running water and then slowly dried. The dried seeds are selected and then sown or stored. The invention can improve the activity of the aged cauliflower seeds, particularly improve the germination and emergence capacities of the seeds under the low temperature condition, and improve the activities of the imbibition seed antioxidase CAT, POD and APX. The treated cauliflower seeds can be stored for more than 24 months at normal temperature or below and under the condition of relative humidity of 10-40%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of treatment of aged cauliflower seeds, in particular to a treatment method and application of aged cauliflower seeds.
Background
The cauliflower seeds, such as broccoli, cauliflower and the like, belong to brassica of cruciferae, are annual and biennial vegetable crops, are rich in nutrition, have large cultivation area and have important economic and edible values. The activity level of the seeds is highest when the seeds reach the physiological maturation stage, and then the activity of the seeds is continuously reduced along with the increase of the storage time. The cauliflower seeds are generally stored for a period of time from harvest to sowing, and the vitality of the seeds is reduced year by year due to natural aging or unsuitable storage environment. Along with the increase of the storage time, the seed emergence speed is reduced, the required emergence time is increased, the emergence rate is reduced, and the seedling emergence method is particularly remarkable in low-temperature seedling culture in winter. Due to the fact that the price of the cauliflower seeds is relatively high, the vitality of the seeds is reduced in the storage process, and the quality of the seeds is influenced and cannot be sold for a seed company; for breeders and seed resource maintainers, vigor is reduced and genetic integrity is lost.
There are many studies on methods for repairing and improving the vigor of seeds, and seed priming technology is one of them. The seed priming is to control the seeds to slowly absorb water to stay in the second stage of imbibition, so that the seeds can perform the physiological and biochemical metabolism and repair functions of pregermination, and the repair of cell membranes, organelles and DNA and the activation of enzymes are promoted. The seeds initiated are in the "germinated state" but the radicles do not protrude, have a high germination vigor and sprout neatly. The seed initiation technology is used as a seed pre-sowing treatment technology, and can improve the seed vitality and the seedling quality, improve the seed germination speed, improve the uniformity of seedling emergence and increase the yield.
Currently, most of the existing seed priming technologies are in the laboratory research stage, the popularization and the application are few, and the primed seeds are not storage-resistant; the problems of low rate of emergence and long time of emergence of aged cauliflowers are particularly prominent in winter seedling culture. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art to develop a simple and effective treatment technique for improving the vigor of the seeds of the cauliflower, so as to repair and improve the seed vigor of the aged seeds, particularly improve the seed germination and emergence capacity under low temperature conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a treatment method of aged cauliflower seeds and application thereof, which solve the technical problems of poor vitality and poor seedling emergence rate of the conventional aged cauliflower seeds.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the activity of aged cauliflower seeds comprises the following steps:
s10, dissolving potassium nitrate, spermidine and spermine in water to prepare a treatment solution;
s20, sequentially adding seeds, vermiculite and treatment fluid into the container with the cover, uniformly mixing, and placing the container in an incubator for dark culture;
s30, after the cultivation is finished, separating the seeds from the vermiculite, washing the seeds with running water, and slowly drying the seeds;
s40, selecting the dried seeds, and sowing or storing.
Among the treatment solutions, the treatment with the treatment solution containing potassium nitrate has the effects of breaking dormancy, promoting germination of seeds, improving seed vigor and improving emergence rate at low temperature. K + in the potassium nitrate is used as an activator of various enzymes (such as NAD kinase, ATP enzyme and the like), improves the activity of promoting the metabolism of various enzymes to a certain extent, partially repairs cell membranes, and can participate in the induction of the biosynthesis and the activity regulation of growth-promoting sex hormones (such as auxin and gibberellin) in plants, so that the viability of the seeds of the aged cauliflowers with different storage years is improved, and the germination is promoted.
The spermine and spermidine solution can promote the growth of isolated tissues and organs of plants in a certain concentration range. In general, the growth rate is promoted, so do the concentrations of spermine and spermidine and the rates of their biosynthesis, which always precede or coincide with the increase in DNA and proteins. The spermine and spermidine content in tissues is related to the synthesis of DNA, and not only can the DNA metabolism influence the synthesis of spermine and spermidine, but also exogenous spermine and spermidine can influence the DNA metabolism and plant growth, and stimulate the formation of zona differentiation and vascular tissue formation.
The differentiation process can be accelerated by spermine and spermidine treatments. Spermine and spermidine are closely related to root growth. Spermine and spermidine vary significantly during somatic embryogenesis of plants, and elevated levels of spermine and spermidine are considered a prerequisite for somatic embryogenesis.
In the scheme, the potassium nitrate, the spermine, the spermidine and the vermiculite are used in a matching manner, so that the seed vigor is improved; seed viability at low temperature; the germination rate, the germination vigor and the emergence rate of the seeds are reduced, and the average germination time and the average emergence time of the seeds are reduced; meanwhile, the activity of seed antioxidant enzyme CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase) and APX (ascorbic acid peroxidase) can be improved.
Preferably, the concentration of the potassium nitrate solution in the treatment solution of step S10 is 0.1-0.3 mol/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the spermidine solution in the treating solution in the step S10 is 2-5 mmol/L.
Preferably, the concentration of the spermine solution in the treatment solution in the step S10 is 0.1-0.2 mmol/L.
Preferably, the seed in step S20: vermiculite: the mixing ratio of the treatment liquid is 2: 2-3: 1-3, the culture temperature is 15-20 ℃, and the culture time is 36-72 h.
Preferably, in step S40, the storage temperature is normal temperature or lower, and the relative humidity is 10% to 40%.
Preferably, the cauliflower seeds refer to aged broccoli, pine pollen or purple-flower vegetable seeds.
The invention also provides an application of the treatment method of the aged cauliflower seeds in any one of the following steps:
1) improving the seed vitality;
2) improving the seed activity under the low temperature condition;
3) the germination rate and/or the germination potential and/or the emergence rate of the seeds are improved, and the average germination time and/or the average emergence time of the seeds are reduced;
4) improving the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT, POD and APX of the imbibition seeds.
Compared with the prior art, the processing method and the application of the aged cauliflower seeds provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention improves the seed vitality; seed viability at low temperature; the germination rate, the germination vigor and the emergence rate of the seeds are reduced, and the average germination time and the average emergence time of the seeds are reduced; meanwhile, the activity of seed antioxidant enzyme CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase) and APX (ascorbic acid peroxidase) can be improved.
2. The invention can improve the vitality of the aged cauliflower seeds, particularly improve the germination capacity of the seeds under the low-temperature condition, and improve the emergence rate of the seeds sowed in the low-temperature season in winter. The cauliflower seeds treated by the method are storage-resistant, and can be stored for more than 24 months at normal temperature or below and under the condition that the relative humidity is 10-40%. And the method in the scheme is simple and convenient to operate, low in consumption and easy to popularize.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of seed treatment on germination of broccoli seeds at different temperatures;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of seed treatment on the antioxidant enzyme activity of imbibed broccoli seeds at different temperatures.
Detailed Description
The technical features of the technical solutions provided by the present invention are further clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments, and the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
The words "preferred", "more preferred", and the like, in the present invention refer to embodiments of the invention that may provide certain benefits, under certain circumstances. However, other embodiments may be preferred, under the same or other circumstances. Furthermore, the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful, nor is it intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for improving the vitality of aged cauliflower seeds, which comprises the following steps:
s10, dissolving potassium nitrate, spermidine and spermine in water to prepare a treatment solution, wherein the concentration of a potassium nitrate solution in the treatment solution is 0.1-0.3 mol/L, the concentration of a spermidine solution is 2-5 mmol/L, and the concentration of a spermine solution is 0.1-0.2 mmol/L;
s20, placing seeds into the container with the cover: vermiculite: the mass mixing ratio of the treatment liquid is 2: 2-3: 1-3, sequentially adding seeds, vermiculite and treatment fluid, uniformly mixing, and placing in an incubator for dark culture for 36-72 hours at the culture temperature of 15-20 ℃;
s30, after the cultivation is finished, separating the seeds from the vermiculite, washing the seeds with running water, and slowly drying the seeds;
s40, selecting the dried seeds, sowing or storing, wherein the storage temperature is normal temperature or below, and the relative humidity is 10-40%.
Example 1
A method for improving the activity of aged cauliflower seeds comprises the following steps:
s10, dissolving potassium nitrate, spermidine and spermine in water to prepare a treatment solution, wherein the concentration of a potassium nitrate solution in the treatment solution is 0.1mol/L, the concentration of the spermidine solution in the treatment solution is 2mmol/L, and the concentration of the spermine solution is 0.1 mmol/L;
s20, placing seeds into the container with the cover: vermiculite: the mixing ratio of the treatment liquid is 2: 2: 1, adding seeds, vermiculite and treatment fluid in sequence, mixing uniformly, and placing in an incubator for dark culture for 36h, wherein the culture temperature is 20 ℃;
s30, after the cultivation is finished, separating the seeds from the vermiculite, washing the seeds with running water, and slowly drying the seeds;
s40, selecting the dried seeds, sowing or storing, wherein the storage temperature is normal temperature or below, and the relative humidity is 10%.
Example 2
A method for improving the activity of aged cauliflower seeds comprises the following steps:
s10, dissolving potassium nitrate, spermidine and spermine in water to prepare a treatment solution, wherein the concentration of a potassium nitrate solution in the treatment solution is 0.3mol/L, the concentration of the spermidine solution in the treatment solution is 5mmol/L, and the concentration of the spermine solution is 0.2 mmol/L;
s20, placing seeds into the container with the cover: vermiculite: the mixing ratio of the treatment liquid is 2: 3: 3, adding the seeds, the vermiculite and the treatment solution in sequence, uniformly mixing, and placing in an incubator for dark culture for 72 hours at the culture temperature of 15 ℃;
s30, after the cultivation is finished, separating the seeds from the vermiculite, washing the seeds with running water, and slowly drying the seeds;
s40, selecting the dried seeds, sowing or storing, wherein the storage temperature is normal temperature or below, and the relative humidity is 40%.
Example 3
A method for improving the activity of aged cauliflower seeds comprises the following steps:
s10, dissolving potassium nitrate, spermidine and spermine in water to prepare a treatment solution, wherein the concentration of a potassium nitrate solution in the treatment solution is 0.2mol/L, the concentration of the spermidine solution in the treatment solution is 3.5mmol/L, and the concentration of the spermine solution is 0.15 mmol/L;
s20, placing seeds into the container with the cover: vermiculite: the mixing ratio of the treatment liquid is 2: 2.5: 2, sequentially adding seeds, vermiculite and treatment liquid, uniformly mixing, and placing in an incubator for dark culture for 36-72 hours at the culture temperature of 17 ℃;
s30, after the cultivation is finished, separating the seeds from the vermiculite, washing the seeds with running water, and slowly drying the seeds;
s40, selecting the dried seeds, sowing or storing, wherein the storage temperature is normal temperature or below, and the relative humidity during storage is 25%.
Effect verification:
the broccoli seeds to be tested in the following experiments are harvested in 2013, and then stored in a lime barrel for 5 years at normal temperature for testing.
(1) 11 g of potassium nitrate, 0.5 g of spermidine and 0.03 g of spermine were weighed and dissolved in 1000mL of water to prepare a seed treatment solution. Taking 100 g of seeds, 200 g of vermiculite and 160mL of seed treatment solution, fully and uniformly mixing in a container with a cover, and placing in an incubator at 20 ℃ for culturing for 48 h. After the culture is finished, the seeds and the vermiculite are separated by a sieve, and the seeds are washed by running water and then slowly dried. Selecting dried seeds with a fine selector, taking part of the selected seeds to measure germination indexes, storing the part of the selected seeds at normal temperature and 30% relative humidity, and performing laboratory germination and greenhouse seedling test on the other part of the selected seeds under the following conditions.
(2) Treated and untreated (control) seeds were taken and three replicates of each treatment were taken, 50 replicates each were germinated at 10, 15, 20, 25 ℃ respectively, and the seed germination vigor, germination rate and average germination time were calculated as shown in figure 1.
(3) 0.5 g of each of the treated and untreated seeds (control) was germinated at 10, 15, 20, and 25 ℃ for 24 hours, ground with liquid nitrogen and stored in a refrigerator at-80 ℃, and the CAT, POD, and APX activities of the swelled seeds were measured as shown in FIG. 2.
(4) The treated and untreated (control) seeds were sown in the greenhouse for seedling raising experiments in 1 month of 2019, each treatment was repeated 2 times, 50 seeds were repeated each time, the seedling emergence conditions were investigated daily from the emergence of the seedlings after sowing, and the average time of emergence and rate of emergence were calculated as shown in table 1.
(5) Treated broccoli seeds stored for two years were taken to determine seed germination indicators as shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 1 Effect of seed treatment on broccoli seed emergence
| Average time to emerge/d | Rate of emergence/%) | |
| Control | 12 | 52.0 |
| Treatment of | 7 | 80.0 |
TABLE 2 Effect of storage on Germination of treated broccoli seeds
| Germination potential/%) | Germination rate/% | |
| Treated broccoli seeds (unpreserved) | 90 | 94 |
| Treated broccoli seeds (stored for 24 months) | 88 | 93 |
The test cauliflower seeds were 2017 years seeds and were used for the test after 2 years of storage at room temperature.
(1) 11 g of potassium nitrate, 0.6 g of spermidine and 0.03 g of spermine were weighed and dissolved in 1000mL of water to prepare a seed treatment solution. 100 g of seeds, 150 g of vermiculite and 120mL of seed treatment solution are taken and fully and uniformly mixed in a container with a cover, and the mixture is placed in an incubator at 20 ℃ for culturing for 48 hours. After the culture is finished, the seeds and the vermiculite are separated by a sieve, and the seeds are washed by running water and then slowly dried. The redried seeds were subjected to emergence testing under the following conditions.
(2) The treated and untreated (control) seeds were taken, treated three times each, 30 seeds were each replicated, sowed in a plug tray, placed in a seedling raising room at 20 ℃ for raising seedlings, the emergence conditions were investigated daily from the emergence of the seedlings after sowing, and the emergence rate and average emergence time were calculated as shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Effect of seed treatment on emergence of broccoli seeds
| Rate of emergence/%) | Average time to emerge/d | |
| Control | 64 | 5 |
| Treatment of | 84 | 4 |
The invention also provides an application of the treatment method of the aged cauliflower seeds in any one of the following steps:
1) improving the seed vitality;
2) improving the seed activity under the low temperature condition;
3) the germination rate and/or the germination potential and/or the emergence rate of the seeds are improved, and the average germination time and/or the average emergence time of the seeds are reduced;
4) improving the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT, POD and APX of the imbibition seeds.
The treatment method can be applied to the four conditions so as to improve the vitality of the treated seeds.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A treatment method of aged cauliflower seeds is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s10, dissolving potassium nitrate, spermidine and spermine in water to prepare a treatment solution;
s20, sequentially adding seeds, vermiculite and treatment fluid into the container with the cover, uniformly mixing, and placing the container in an incubator for dark culture;
s30, after the cultivation is finished, separating the seeds from the vermiculite, washing the seeds with running water, and slowly drying the seeds;
s40, selecting the dried seeds, and sowing or storing;
the concentration of the potassium nitrate solution in the treatment solution of the step S10 is 0.1-0.3 mol/L;
the concentration of the spermidine solution in the treatment solution obtained in the step S10 is 2-5 mmol/L;
the concentration of the spermine solution in the treatment solution in the step S10 is 0.1-0.2 mmol/L;
the seed in the step S20: vermiculite: the weight mixing ratio of the treatment liquid is 2: 2-3: 1-3, the culture temperature is 15-20 ℃, and the culture time is 36-72 h;
in the step S40, the storage temperature is normal temperature or below, and the relative humidity is 10-40%.
2. The method for treating aged cauliflower seeds according to claim 1, wherein the method is applied to any one of the following 1) to 4):
1) improving the seed vitality;
2) improving the seed activity under the low temperature condition;
3) the germination rate and/or the germination potential and/or the emergence rate of the seeds are improved, and the average germination time and/or the average emergence time of the seeds are reduced;
4) improving the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT, POD and APX of the imbibition seeds.
3. The use of claim 2, wherein the cauliflower seeds are aged broccoli, piny flower or purple-flowered vegetable seeds.
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