CN112239621A - 可见光、近红外、热红外复合多频谱隐身的一体化材料 - Google Patents

可见光、近红外、热红外复合多频谱隐身的一体化材料 Download PDF

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CN112239621A
CN112239621A CN201911299314.5A CN201911299314A CN112239621A CN 112239621 A CN112239621 A CN 112239621A CN 201911299314 A CN201911299314 A CN 201911299314A CN 112239621 A CN112239621 A CN 112239621A
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李洪彬
陈利民
陈俊声
陈蓓京
应硕本
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TIANJIN AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
Jining Changying Camping Equipment Co ltd
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Abstract

一种可见光、近红外、热红外复合多频谱隐身的一体化材料，所述一体化材料包括三色迷彩复合涂层、三防涂层，所述三色迷彩复合涂层为以纳米氧化物和半导体材料为基的可见光、近红外、热红外三色迷彩层，所述三防涂层以纳米磷酸锌为基。本发明能在恶劣环境下使用且具有很好的多频谱隐身功能；解决了隐身材料涂层要具有很好的三防使用性能，涂层具有不开裂、不掉皮、不锈蚀，具有很强的附着力，同时达到防盐雾、防霉菌、防湿热的作用；明显改变了单色性，呈现亮暗不一的不规则图案，斑驳程度与背景相仿，能较好地分割目标外形，并与背景融合较好，伪装后很难被发现，隐蔽性好，有效地应对目前的军事侦察。

Description

可见光、近红外、热红外复合多频谱隐身的一体化材料
技术领域
本发明属于特种功能材料领域，特别涉及一种可见光—近红外—热红外三色迷彩复合涂层。
背景技术
高技术战争的三大支柱是C3I系统、精密制导武器和电子战。由于C3I系统(Command指挥、Control控制、Communication通讯、 Information情报)是由大量的电子设备、各种金属构件所组成，它受电子攻击的威胁也就特别大，因此电子战的主要攻击目标是敌方C3I 系统。值得引起我们注意的一个问题是，现代高技术战争的特点是：“信息赢得战争”，在实际作战中使得电子战的“攻”、“防”概念已不同于平时作战中的攻、防概念。对雷达波红外等的隐身实际上是进行“电子攻击”。现代军事目标多频谱探测技术，精确制导技术和全球卫星定位系统(GPS)技术的高度发展，使现代化高技术战争中，攻击武器对目标的命中率几乎由军用目标的被发现概率所决定，“被发现就等于被消灭”，已成为现代军事家的共识。尤其是目前红外成象精确制导技术，双模探测技术(红外—毫米波探测技俩解术)和三毫米波末级制导技术的迅速发展，使武器装备在现代化战争条件下的生存能力受到极其严重的威胁。因此，降低军用目标被发现概率的技术—隐身技术，成为世界各国极为重视的研究课题。
在现有技术中，伪装技术所涉及到的产品主要集中在伪装涂料、伪装网、伪装布、屏蔽布、伪装变形扇和伞，但他们在多频谱兼容技术上存在一定的缺陷，如热迷彩分割效应较差，影响其与背景的融合度，设计上达不到整体伪装隐身效果。隐身材料正朝着多频谱、高性能、实用性强的方向发展，但研究工作难度很大，这主要因为建立在高反射、低比辐射率基础上的红外隐身材料和低反射、高吸收的RAM 在工作原理上发生了直接的冲突，因此研制出可见光、近红外、热红外复合多频谱隐身的一体化材料是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在一定程度上解决上述相关技术中的技术问题之一。因此，本发明目的在于提供一种能复合多频谱隐身材料的可见光—近红外—热红外三色迷彩复合涂层。
根据上述目的，本发明具体的技术方案为：
一种可见光、近红外、热红外复合多频谱隐身的一体化材料，其特征在于，所述一体化材料包括三色迷彩复合涂层、三防涂层，实际应用过程中，三色迷彩复合涂层、三防涂层、目标基体材料由上至下依次设置，所述三色迷彩复合涂层为以纳米氧化物和半导体材料为基的可见光、近红外、热红外三色迷彩层，所述三防涂层以纳米磷酸锌为基。
所述三防涂层的化学成分按重量百分比计，包含纳米磷酸锌 20-40％，改性环氧树脂40-60％，低分子聚酰胺10-20％，103稀释剂 3-5％。
所述三色迷彩复合涂层包含深绿涂料、中绿涂料和土黄涂料；所述深绿涂料的化学成分按重量百分比计，包含纳米硝酸钴10-30％，高分子粘结剂20-60％，分散剂5-20％，固化剂5-15％，稀释剂5-10％；所述中绿涂料的化学成分按重量百分比计，包含纳米硝酸钴2-10％，铁绿(Fe2O3)2-10％；，SnO2 2-8％，纳米铝粉2-5％，CdS 2-5％，高分子粘结剂25-65％，分散剂5-10％，固化剂2-10％，稀释剂2-10％；所述土黄色涂料的化学成分按重量百分比计，包含纳米氧化铁黄(纳米Fe2O3)10-30％，纳米铝粉5-10％，CdS 2-10％，SnO2 2-10％，纳米硝酸钴2-10％，高分子粘结剂25-65％，分散剂5-10％，固化剂2-10％，稀释剂2-10％。
所述高分子粘结剂为改性环氧树脂、聚氨脂、氯磺化聚乙烯、氯丁橡胶、丁晴橡胶、氯化橡胶、硅橡胶或改性有机硅中的任意一种。
所述分散剂为甲苯、二甲苯、二脂类基液、甲醇、乙醇、油酸钠或聚乙烯蚍咯烷酮中任意一种。
所述固化剂为邻苯二甲酸脂、低分子聚酰胺、咪唑、乙二胺、三乙烯四胺、二乙烯三胺、二甲基甲酰胺、顺丁烯二酸酯或均苯四甲酸酯中的任意一种。
所述稀释剂为酒精、煤焦油、异丙醇、丙酮丁醇或异丁醇中的任意一种。
有益效果：
本发明的一体化材料，能在恶劣环境下使用且具有很好的多频谱隐身功能。
解决了隐身材料涂层要具有很好的三防使用性能，涂层具有不开裂、不掉皮、不锈蚀，具有很强的附着力，同时达到防盐雾、防霉菌、防湿热的作用。
多频谱涂料明显改变了单色性，呈现亮暗不一的不规则图案，斑驳程度与背景相仿，能较好地分割目标外形，并与背景融合较好，伪装后很难被发现，隐蔽性好，有效地应对目前的军事侦察。
具体实施方式:
实施例
分别配制三批防盐雾、防霉菌、防湿热的三防底层涂料、三色迷彩复合涂层包含深绿涂料、中绿涂料和土黄涂料，其具体化学成分于表1-4所示，涂料配制好后，分别将它们喷涂在水陆两栖坦克A、国防工程目标B和钢板C上。
表1三防底层涂料的化学成分(重量％)
批号 纳米磷酸锌 改性环氧 低分子聚酰氨 103稀释剂
1 20 40 10 3
2 30 50 15 4
3 35 60 20 5
表2深绿涂料的化学成分(重量％)
Figure RE-GDA0002830776540000041
表3中绿涂料的化学成分(重量％)
Figure RE-GDA0002830776540000042
Figure RE-GDA0002830776540000051
表4土黄涂料的化学成分(重量％)
Figure RE-GDA0002830776540000052
首先将三批三防底层涂料喷涂在A、B、C上，待固化后再喷涂包含深绿涂料、中绿涂料和土黄涂料的三色迷彩复合涂层，即形成了目标的可见光、近红外、热红外复合多频谱隐身的一体化材料涂层。
然后对其A、B、C伪装隐身目标与未伪装的对照组A、B、C目标进行对比测试，其结果如表5所示。
表5可见光、近红外、热红外应用试验结果
Figure RE-GDA0002830776540000053
Figure RE-GDA0002830776540000061
以上对本发明进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种可见光、近红外、热红外复合多频谱隐身的一体化材料，其特征在于，所述一体化材料包括三色迷彩复合涂层、三防涂层，所述三色迷彩复合涂层为以纳米氧化物和半导体材料为基的可见光、近红外、热红外三色迷彩层，所述三防涂层以纳米磷酸锌为基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可见光-近红外-热红外三色迷彩复合涂层，其特征在于，所述三防涂层的化学成分按重量百分比计，包含纳米磷酸锌20-40％，改性环氧树脂40-60％，低分子聚酰胺10-20％，103稀释剂3-5％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可见光-近红外-热红外三色迷彩复合涂层，其特征在于，所述三色迷彩复合涂层包含深绿涂料、中绿涂料和土黄涂料；
所述深绿涂料的化学成分按重量百分比计，包含纳米硝酸钴10-30％，高分子粘结剂20-60％，分散剂5-20％，固化剂5-15％，稀释剂5-10％；
所述中绿涂料的化学成分按重量百分比计，包含纳米硝酸钴2-10％，铁绿(Fe2O3)2-10％；，SnO22-8％，纳米铝粉2-5％，CdS 2-5％，高分子粘结剂25-65％，分散剂5-10％，固化剂2-10％，稀释剂2-10％；
所述土黄色涂料的化学成分按重量百分比计，包含纳米氧化铁黄(纳米Fe2O3)10-30％，纳米铝粉5-10％，CdS 2-10％，SnO22-10％，纳米硝酸钴2-10％，高分子粘结剂25-65％，分散剂5-10％，固化剂2-10％，稀释剂2-10％。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的可见光-近红外-热红外三色迷彩复合涂层，其特征在于，所述高分子粘结剂为改性环氧树脂、聚氨脂、氯磺化聚乙烯、氯丁橡胶、丁晴橡胶、氯化橡胶、硅橡胶或改性有机硅中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求2或3任一项所述的可见光-近红外-热红外三色迷彩复合涂层，其特征在于，所述分散剂为甲苯、二甲苯、二脂类基液、甲醇、乙醇、油酸钠或聚乙烯蚍咯烷酮中任意一种。
6.根据权利要求2或3任一项所述的可见光-近红外-热红外三色迷彩复合涂层，其特征在于，所述固化剂为邻苯二甲酸脂、低分子聚酰胺、咪唑、乙二胺、三乙烯四胺、二乙烯三胺、二甲基甲酰胺、顺丁烯二酸酯或均苯四甲酸酯中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求3所述的可见光-近红外-热红外三色迷彩复合涂层，其特征在于，所述稀释剂为酒精、煤焦油、异丙醇、丙酮丁醇或异丁醇中的任意一种。
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