CN112234235A - Hydrogen generating apparatus and fuel cell system - Google Patents
Hydrogen generating apparatus and fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112234235A CN112234235A CN202011068595.6A CN202011068595A CN112234235A CN 112234235 A CN112234235 A CN 112234235A CN 202011068595 A CN202011068595 A CN 202011068595A CN 112234235 A CN112234235 A CN 112234235A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen generating device, wherein, hydrogen storage materials and water generate catalytic reaction to generate hydrogen; the hydrogen generating device comprises a hydrogen storage material storage device, a hydrogen storage material dissolving device, a hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device and a recovery device for recovering waste liquid generated by catalytic reaction; the hydrogen storage material storage device, the hydrogen storage material dissolving device, the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device and the recovery device are communicated in sequence. The invention also discloses a fuel cell system comprising the hydrogen generating device. The hydrogen generating device and the fuel cell system have the advantages of high hydrogen storage density, high hydrogen production purity, zero pollutant discharge, safe operation and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy and fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen generating device and a fuel cell system.
Background
Currently, most motor vehicles are driven by internal combustion engines that burn gasoline or diesel based on hydrocarbon fuels. In most industrialized countries, motor vehicle internal combustion engine emissions contribute more than 25% of the total carbon dioxide emissions. It is estimated that in the european union, passenger car internal combustion engine emissions account for 12% of the total amount of anthropogenic pollutants, and on average emit about 186g of carbon dioxide per kilometer of travel. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, causes global warming, and seriously affects the global environment. In addition to carbon dioxide, internal combustion engines emit other pollutants such as particulate pollutants, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, etc., which cause serious environmental pollution.
Currently, the control of engine pollutant emissions is primarily dependent on exhaust gas aftertreatment, which is typically achieved by sacrificing fuel economy. Research has shown that if a portion of hydrogen fuel is introduced into the combustion engine of a motor vehicle for combustion, the problem of engine pollutant emissions can be significantly improved, while increasing engine efficiency. The ease of manufacture of hydrogen fuels and their similarity to gasoline products means that while long term transportation solution (e.g., hydrogen fuel cells) technology continues to mature, internal combustion engines using hydrogen as a fuel can also be used to facilitate the development of hydrogen fuel infrastructure.
The hydrogen fuel cell is an ideal automobile driving device in the long term because carbon dioxide emission is zero when the hydrogen fuel cell is used as a power device. Due to the extremely low hydrogen density, high density on-board hydrogen storage becomes a problem, impeding hydrogen and/or fuel cell technology applications.
The U.S. department of energy (DoE) hydrogen energy program has established the ideal density of on-board hydrogen storage technologies: the weight ratio of the stored hydrogen to the weight of the hydrogen storage system is not less than 6.5 wt%, and the bulk density is not less than 62kg of H2/m3. There are many potential hydrogen storage technologies, such as compressed hydrogen technology, liquefied hydrogen technology, hydrogen adsorption technology, natural gas, alcohol and hydrocarbon reforming technology, water and metal catalytic reduction technology, and slurry hydrogen (slug H)2) Techniques, and the like. In addition, there have been studies which have demonstrated the use of NaBH4Used as vehicle H2Potential for storage, using NaBH which is very diluted4The aqueous solution avoids catalyst plugging and maintains reaction efficiency. However, excess water significantly reduces H2And cause safety hazards because of NaBH4Unstable in water and continuously produce H at a low rate2. However, the results of the studies published to date indicate that none of the above hydrogen storage technologies achieve the ideal density as planned by the U.S. department of energy (DoE) hydrogen energy program: the ratio of the weight of stored hydrogen to the weight of the hydrogen storage system is not less than 6.5 wt%, and the bulk density is not less than 62kg of H2/m3. Therefore, there is a need for a hydrogen storage technology that is more efficient in storing hydrogen and has less environmental impact.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen generating device with higher hydrogen storage density; it is another object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell system having a high hydrogen storage density.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a hydrogen generating device, wherein a hydrogen storage material and water are subjected to a catalytic reaction to generate hydrogen; the hydrogen generating device comprises a hydrogen storage material storage device, a hydrogen storage material dissolving device, a hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device and a recovery device for recovering waste liquid generated by catalytic reaction; the hydrogen storage material storage device, the hydrogen storage material dissolving device, the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device and the recovery device are communicated in sequence.
The hydrogen storage material is a solid hydrogen storage material, preferably a hydride; further preferably, the hydrogen storage material is sodium borohydride (NaBH)4) Potassium borohydride (KBH)4) Lithium borohydride (LiBH)4) Lithium hydride (LiH) and lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH)4) Sodium aluminum hydride (NaAlH)4) Ammonia borane (NH)3BH3) And calcium hydride (CaH)2) One or a mixture of two or more of them; the hydrogen storage material storage device is used for storing hydrogen storage materials, and in order to prevent the degradation of the hydrogen storage materials, a stabilizing agent can be added into the hydrogen storage materials, and the stabilizing agent can use materials known in the field according to the types of the specific hydrogen storage materials; the hydrogen storage material dissolving device is used for dissolving at least one part of hydrogen storage material to generate hydrogen storage material solution; the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device is internally provided with a catalyst for catalyzing the hydrogen storage material to perform catalytic reaction with water; the waste liquid generated by the catalytic reaction in the recovery device contains water and catalytic reaction byproducts; the "communication" in the above-mentioned "sequential communication of the hydrogen storage material storage device, the hydrogen storage material dissolution device, and the recovery device" may be direct connection by the existing communication means (such as a pipe, an opening, etc.) or indirect connection with other devices (such as a pump, a valve, a gas-liquid separator, etc.) interposed therebetween.
In order to reduce the whole volume of the hydrogen generating device and improve the hydrogen storage density, the volume of the hydrogen storage material storage device can adapt to the increase or decrease of the volume of the hydrogen storage material contained in the hydrogen storage material storage device, and the volume of the recovery device can adapt to the increase or decrease of the volume of waste liquid generated by the catalytic reaction of the hydrogen storage material contained in the recovery device.
In order to further reduce the whole volume of the hydrogen generating device, the hydrogen storage material storage device and the recovery device are arranged adjacently; preferably, the hydrogen storage material storage device and the recovery device are separated by a movable partition plate, and the movable partition plate can adapt to the movement of the volume of the substances contained in the hydrogen storage material storage device and the recovery device; it is further preferred that the hydrogen storage material storage means and the recovery means are formed by the same storage vessel separated by a movable partition.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage material storage means is disposed adjacent to the hydrogen storage material dissolution means; the recovery device is communicated with the hydrogen storage material dissolving device; a flow valve is arranged on a channel for communicating the recovery device and the hydrogen storage material dissolving device; preferably, a solid flow controller for controlling the flow rate of the hydrogen storage material is arranged on a channel for communicating the hydrogen storage material storage device with the hydrogen storage material dissolving device, and the solid flow controller can use the existing device for controlling the flow rate of the solid particles.
At least a part of a channel communicating the hydrogen storage material dissolving device and the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device is provided with a heat exchanger structure, or the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device is provided with a heat exchanger structure for heating reactants (water and hydrogen storage material dissolved or dispersed in the water) from the hydrogen storage material dissolving device; preferably, the heat exchanger structure comprises a first channel and a second channel isolated from each other, the first channel for receiving a reactant (hydrogen storage material dissolved or dispersed in water) from the hydrogen storage material dissolving means, the second channel for receiving a heating fluid to heat the reactant from the hydrogen storage material dissolving means; further preferably, the solid hydrogen storage and production device further comprises a gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is respectively communicated with the second channel and the hydrogen storage material dissolving device, the gas-liquid separator is further connected with an exhaust pipeline for exhausting unreacted air to the environment, the structural arrangement can enable the water heated by the reactant to flow to the hydrogen storage material dissolving device for recycling, and the air is exhausted out of the system; the gas-liquid separator can be an existing device capable of effectively separating gas and liquid, such as a centrifuge, an ultrafiltration separator and the like.
Preferably, the recovery device comprises a waste liquid purification device, and the waste liquid purification device is used for regenerating water and reaction byproducts in the waste liquid; the waste liquid purification device comprises a porous carbon adsorbent or a heating device; the water purified by the waste liquid purification apparatus is supplied to the hydrogen storage material dissolving apparatus.
Preferably, the recycling device is provided with an inlet, a separation region and a water collection region, the separation region is internally provided with a waste liquid purification device, the water collection region is used for storing the water purified by the separation region, and the water collection region of the recycling device 5 is communicated with the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3.
Although the by-products of the reaction of solid hydrogen storage materials with water generally do not have a serious environmental impact, the direct release of these by-products in large quantities into the environment is not an acceptable solution and must be handled centrally. On the other hand, since the hydrogen generation reaction and the removal of the by-product from the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device require the participation of water, the reaction solution discharged from the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device contains a large amount of water, and the recovery of the water further increases the density of the hydrogen generation device and the fuel cell system. In addition, the porous carbon adsorbent is a by-product of the reaction of absorbing solid hydrogen storage material with water (e.g., NaBO)2) And an effective agent for releasing most of the water for recycling, and by using the principle of carbon adsorption, the porous carbon adsorbent arranged in the recovery device can purify the water and recover the by-products. Preferably, the recovery device is a tank provided with an inlet through which a waste liquid produced by the catalytic reaction of the hydrogen storage material with water from the catalytic reactor is supplied to the recovery device, a separation zone filled with a porous carbon adsorbent in which the porous carbon adsorbent is mixed with the waste liquid and absorbs by-products (such as NaBO) produced by the catalytic reaction of the hydrogen storage material with water, and a water collection zone2) And the waste water filtered by the separation area flows into the water collection area. When the lower part of the separation zone is full of byproducts, the waste liquid flowing into the inlet of the recovery device flows through the upper layer of the separation zone.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a hydrogen generating device, in which water generated from the fuel cell is recovered to supply water to the hydrogen generating device, and hydrogen generated from the hydrogen generating device is supplied to the fuel cell.
The water generated by the fuel cell is recycled to supply water to the hydrogen generating device, so that the volume can be saved, and the whole volume of the fuel cell system is reduced.
Specifically, since the temperature of water generated by the reaction of the fuel cell is relatively high, the heat of the water generated by the fuel cell can be recovered for heating the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen generation device, thereby further reducing the overall volume of the fuel cell system.
Although the reaction between the solid hydrogen storage material and water can be conducted under room temperature catalytic conditions, external heating accelerates the reaction and improves the kinetics of hydrogen gas generation. Using a mature heat exchanger structure, heating the catalyst reactor with the fuel cell exhaust (mainly including water and unreacted air) can increase the reaction efficiency while reducing the temperature of the fuel cell exhaust, and can separate the fuel cell exhaust water for recycling. Since most of the water required for the reaction for generating hydrogen is recycled from the condensed fuel cell off-gas and the solution after the separation reaction, the water storage space can be greatly reduced.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: hydrogen storage materials in the hydrogen storage material storage device enter the hydrogen storage material dissolving device, water is added into the hydrogen storage material dissolving device to form hydrogen storage material aqueous solution, the hydrogen storage material aqueous solution flows into the subsequent hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device, in the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device, the hydrogen storage materials and the water are subjected to catalytic reaction to generate hydrogen for a fuel cell, waste generated by the catalytic reaction flows into a recovery device, and waste liquid generated by the catalytic reaction is recovered for recycling.
Has the advantages that: the hydrogen generating device respectively stores the hydrogen storage material and water in different containers, and does not react when hydrogen is not produced, so that the hydrogen generating device is safe and reliable; hydrogen is generated by using the hydrogen storage material and circulating water, and byproducts and water can be recycled, so that zero emission of pollutants is realized; the hydrogen production has high purity, and can be used for fuel cells without purification treatment; only 1.4g of catalyst is needed for catalyzing the hydrogen storage material to perform catalytic reaction with water, and the generated hydrogen can supply the fuel cell vehicle to normally run at the speed of about 50 mph; the system has high compatibility, and can be used for automobile and ship power drive, fixed electric power or cogeneration power plants and the like; in the fuel cell system, the hydrogen production waste liquid is recovered, and water is reused for dissolving the hydrogen storage material and has catalytic reaction with the hydrogen storage material; water generated by the reaction of the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell and unreacted air provide heat for the catalytic reaction of the hydrogen storage material and the water, and then the water is recovered to be used for dissolving the hydrogen storage material and is used as a reactant for the catalytic reaction with the hydrogen storage material, so that the water in the fuel cell system is recycled, the space occupied by the whole system is greatly saved, and the hydrogen storage efficiency is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system including a hydrogen generating device.
Reference numerals in fig. 1 denote: 1-a fuel cell; 2-hydrogen storage material storage means; 3-hydrogen storage material dissolving device; 4-hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device; 5-a recovery unit; 6-gas-liquid separator; 7-a movable partition; 8-a solids flow controller; 9-pressure relief pipeline; 10-an anode; 11-a first one-way valve; 12-a first channel; 13-a second channel; 14-a water pump; 15-a second one-way valve; 16-a third one-way valve; 17-a valve; 18-a cathode; 19-an exhaust duct; 20-flow valve.
The arrows in the figure indicate the direction of fluid flow.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description gives some specific details to facilitate understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present teachings may be practiced without these specific details. It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to scale. Techniques known to those skilled in the art may not be described in detail herein, but should be considered part of the specification.
As shown in fig. 1, a fuel cell system includes a hydrogen generating apparatus and a fuel cell 1. In the hydrogen generating device, the solid hydrogen storage material and water generate catalytic reaction under the action of a catalyst to generate hydrogen.
The hydrogen generating device comprises a hydrogen storage material storage device 2, a hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3, a hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device 4, a recovery device 5 and a gas-liquid separator 6. The hydrogen storage material storage means 2 is a container for storing hydrogen storage material; the hydrogen storage material dissolving means 3 is a means capable of dissolving at least a part of the hydrogen storage material to form a hydrogen storage material solution; the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device 4 is used for the hydrogen storage material and water to generate hydrogen through catalytic reaction; the recovery device 5 is used for recovering waste liquid generated by the reaction in the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device 4; the gas-liquid separator 6 is used to separate water and air from the cathode of the fuel cell 1.
The hydrogen storage material storage device 2 and the recovery device 5 are formed by the same storage vessel partitioned by a movable partition 7, and the hydrogen storage material storage device 2 is disposed below the recovery device 5. The hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 is adjacently disposed below the hydrogen storage material storage device 2. A solid flow controller 8 for controlling the amount of the hydrogen storage material entering the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 is provided on a passage communicating the hydrogen storage material storage device 2 and the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3.
The hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 is connected with the pressure relief pipeline 9, one end of the pressure relief pipeline 9 is communicated with the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3, the other end of the pressure relief pipeline 9 is communicated with the anode 10 of the fuel cell 1, and a very small amount of hydrogen generated in the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 can enter the anode 10 of the fuel cell 1 through the pressure relief pipeline 9 to supply hydrogen for the anode 10 of the fuel cell 1, so that the safety of the whole system is improved. The pressure relief pipe 9 is provided with a first check valve 11, and the first check valve 11 allows the gas in the pressure relief pipe 9 to flow only from the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 to the anode 10 of the fuel cell 1, but not to flow in the reverse direction.
The hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device 4 comprises a first channel 12 and a second channel 13 which are adjacently arranged and isolated from each other (i.e. not directly communicated with each other), and the first channel 12 and the second channel 13 form a heat exchanger, i.e. the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device 4 has a heat exchanger structure. The hydrogen storage material storage device 2, the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3, the first passage 12 and the recovery device 5 are communicated in sequence. The pipeline communicating the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 and the first passage 12 is provided with a water pump 14 and a second one-way valve 15, and the second one-way valve 15 enables the liquid in the pipeline communicating the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 and the first passage 12 to flow to the first passage 12 only from the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 but not to flow reversely. The pipeline communicating the first channel 12 and the recovery device 5 is provided with a third one-way valve 16, and the third one-way valve 16 enables the liquid in the pipeline communicating the first channel 12 and the recovery device 5 to flow to the recovery device 5 only from the first channel 12 but not to flow reversely. The first passage 12 is also connected to the anode 10 of the fuel cell 1, and a valve 17 is provided on a pipe that communicates the first passage 12 and the anode 10 of the fuel cell 1. The second channel 13 of the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device 4 is respectively communicated with the cathode 18 of the fuel cell 1 and the gas-liquid separator 6, the gas-liquid separator 6 is communicated with the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3, and the gas-liquid separator 6 is connected with an exhaust pipeline 19 for exhausting the air separated by the gas-liquid separator 6 to the environment.
The recovery device 5 is communicated with the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3, and a flow valve 20 is arranged on a channel for communicating the recovery device 5 with the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3. The recovery unit 5 is a tank provided with an inlet, a separation zone and a collection zone. A porous carbon adsorbent (not shown) is arranged in the separation zone, and can effectively absorb a byproduct NaBO generated by the catalytic reaction of the solid hydrogen storage material2And releasing most of the water, the released water being recyclable in the present fuel cell system, so that the separation zone can recover by-products (e.g., NaBO) while purifying the water2). The water collecting area is used for storing the water purified by the separation area, and the water collecting area of the recovery device 5 is communicated with the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage material is sodium borohydride (NaBH)4) The catalyst is a substance known in the art that catalyzes the reaction of sodium borohydride with water to produce hydrogen. Sodium borohydride (NaBH)4) In the form of solid particles stored in a sealed hydrogen storage material storage means 2, and a solid flow controller 8 controls sodium borohydride (NaBH) according to the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell 1 when the fuel cell system is in operation4) Gradual storage of particles from hydrogen storage materialsThe device 2 is transferred to a hydrogen storage material dissolution device 3 communicated therewith, and at the same time, water is added from a recovery device 5 to the hydrogen storage material dissolution device 3 under the control of a flow valve 20 to form sodium borohydride (NaBH)4) An aqueous solution. Then sodium borohydride (NaBH) is pumped under the action of a water pump 144) The water solution flows through the second one-way valve 15 from the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 into the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device 4, the sodium borohydride reacts with water to generate hydrogen under the action of a catalyst, the generated hydrogen is conveyed to the anode 10 of the fuel cell 1 through a pipeline, and the hydrogen from the anode 10 and the air from the cathode 18 generate electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell 1 to generate electric energy and water.
Generally, the air input to the cathode 18 of the fuel cell 1 is excessive. The water and unreacted air generated at the cathode 18 of the fuel cell 1 flow into the second channel 13 of the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device 4, and the sodium borohydride (NaBH) in the first channel 124) The temperature of water and unreacted air generated by the cathode of the fuel cell 1 is relatively high, and the heat exchange of substances in the first channel 12 and the second channel 13 can improve the sodium borohydride (NaBH)4) The temperature of the aqueous solution promotes the catalytic reaction, improves the reaction efficiency, and reduces the temperature of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 1. The heat-exchanged water and unreacted air flow into the gas-liquid separator 6 through a pipeline, the air separated by the gas-liquid separator 6 is discharged out of the fuel cell system from the exhaust pipeline 19, and the water separated by the gas-liquid separator 6 returns to the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 again through a pipeline, so that the water heated by the reactant flows to the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 for recycling. The water generated by the fuel cell 1 is recovered to supply heat to the hydrogen generating device, and the water is recovered, so that the overall volume of the fuel cell system can be reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
The waste liquid generated by the catalytic reaction of the hydrogen storage material from the first passage 12 of the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device 4 flows through the third one-way valve 16, is supplied into the recovery device 5 through the inlet of the recovery device 5, and is distributed to the separation zone filled with the porous carbon adsorbent, wherein the porous carbon adsorbent and sodium borohydride (NaBH)4) Mixing the waste liquid generated by the catalytic reaction and absorbing sodium borohydride (NaBH)4) NaBO by-product of catalytic reaction2. The water filtered by the separation area of the recovery device 5 flows into the water collection area and then can enter the hydrogen storage material dissolving device 3 again through the flow valve 20 for recycling. The recycling of water can further increase the density of the hydrogen generating device and the fuel cell system.
In the hydrogen generating apparatus of the present invention, the hydrogen to be stored can be up to 12.6 wt% (weight ratio of stored hydrogen to weight of hydrogen storage system) and 77kg of H2/m3The volume density of (2) is not less than 6.5 wt% and the volume density is not less than 62kg H2/m3) Compared with the prior art, the weight ratio is higher by 94 percent, and the volume density is higher by 24 percent.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen generating device, characterized in that, in the hydrogen generating device, hydrogen storage material and water generate catalytic reaction to generate hydrogen; the hydrogen generating device comprises a hydrogen storage material storage device, a hydrogen storage material dissolving device, a hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device and a recovery device for recovering waste liquid generated by catalytic reaction; the hydrogen storage material storage device, the hydrogen storage material dissolving device, the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device and the recovery device are communicated in sequence.
2. A hydrogen generation device in accordance with claim 1, wherein said hydrogen storage material is one or a mixture of two or more of sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, ammonia borane and calcium hydride.
3. A hydrogen generation device in accordance with claim 1, wherein the volume of the hydrogen storage material storage device is adaptable to increase or decrease the volume of the hydrogen storage material contained therein; the volume of the recovery device can adapt to the increase or decrease of the volume of the waste liquid contained in the recovery device.
4. The hydrogen generation device of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage material storage device is disposed adjacent to the recovery device; the hydrogen storage material storage device and the recovery device are separated by a movable partition plate; preferably, said hydrogen storage material storage means and said recovery means are formed by the same storage vessel separated by a movable partition.
5. The hydrogen generation device according to claim 1, wherein the recovery means communicates with the hydrogen storage material dissolution means; a flow valve is arranged on a channel for communicating the recovery device and the hydrogen storage material dissolving device; and a solid flow controller for controlling the flow of the hydrogen storage material is arranged on a channel for communicating the hydrogen storage material storage device and the hydrogen storage material dissolving device.
6. The hydrogen generation device according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the passage communicating the hydrogen storage material dissolution device and the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device has a heat exchanger structure, or the hydrogen storage material catalytic reaction device has a heat exchanger structure for heating the reactant from the hydrogen storage material dissolution device; preferably, the heat exchanger structure comprises a first channel and a second channel isolated from each other, the first channel for receiving a reactant from the hydrogen storage material dissolution device, the second channel for receiving a heating fluid to heat the reactant from the hydrogen storage material dissolution device; further preferably, the hydrogen generating apparatus further comprises a gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is respectively communicated with the second passage and the hydrogen storage material dissolving device, and the gas-liquid separator is further connected with an exhaust pipeline for exhausting air to the environment.
7. The hydrogen generation device according to claim 1, wherein the recovery device comprises a waste liquid purification device; the waste liquid purification device comprises a porous carbon adsorbent or a heating evaporation device.
8. A fuel cell system characterized by comprising a fuel cell and a hydrogen generating device, wherein water generated by the fuel cell is supplied to the hydrogen generating device, and hydrogen generated by the hydrogen generating device is supplied to the fuel cell.
9. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein heat of water generated by the fuel cell is recovered for heating a hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen generating device.
10. The fuel cell system according to claim 8, wherein the hydrogen generation device is the hydrogen generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113809361A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-17 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Hydrogen fuel power system capable of instantly producing hydrogen and ship |
| CN116613359A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-08-18 | 清华大学 | Power generation device and power generation system |
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| CN108502845A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-09-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of hydrogen generator and the hydrogen electricity generation system based on the hydrogen generator |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113809361A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-17 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Hydrogen fuel power system capable of instantly producing hydrogen and ship |
| CN116613359A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-08-18 | 清华大学 | Power generation device and power generation system |
| CN116613359B (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2024-06-11 | 清华大学 | Power generation device and power generation system |
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