CN112229629B - Self-lubricating joint bearing starting torque measuring tool and measuring method - Google Patents

Self-lubricating joint bearing starting torque measuring tool and measuring method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112229629B
CN112229629B CN202011114681.6A CN202011114681A CN112229629B CN 112229629 B CN112229629 B CN 112229629B CN 202011114681 A CN202011114681 A CN 202011114681A CN 112229629 B CN112229629 B CN 112229629B
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measuring
self
lubricating
starting torque
shackle
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CN112229629A (en
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李磊
张飞
刘畅
彭利乐
范平平
董锦山
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China Helicopter Research and Development Institute
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China Helicopter Research and Development Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64FGROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F5/00Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
    • B64F5/60Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0009Force sensors associated with a bearing

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-lubricating joint bearing starting torque measuring tool and a measuring method, wherein the measuring tool comprises a fixed support, a driving rod and a shackle, wherein the rod end of the driving rod is arranged in the middle of the top end of the fixed support in a detachable connection mode, and the distance between the upper end of the driving rod and the top end of the fixed support is adjustable; the shackle is a loading point and is used for connecting loading equipment; the fixed support is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and a circle of convex shoulder is arranged on the upper edge of the fixed support; the outer diameter of the fixing support is matched with the inner diameter of the inner hole of the self-lubricating joint bearing; the method can effectively and accurately measure the starting torque of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing, and avoids the flight fault of the helicopter caused by the clamping stagnation of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing. The effectiveness and the correctness of the measuring tool and the method are verified through an external field, and meanwhile, the measuring method is also suitable for measuring the starting torque of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearings of helicopters of various models.

Description

Self-lubricating knuckle bearing starting torque measuring tool and measuring method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of helicopter rotor system design, in particular to a self-lubricating spherical plain bearing starting torque measuring tool and a self-lubricating spherical plain bearing starting torque measuring method.
Background
The automatic inclinator is a key component of a helicopter rotor system and an operating system, a large spherical hinge of the automatic inclinator is an important component of the automatic inclinator, and the large spherical hinge is a joint bearing assembly with a self-lubricating layer and has a three-degree-of-freedom hinge function, so that a movable ring fixed ring assembly can tilt. The starting torque of the large spherical hinge of the automatic inclinator is a key index of the automatic inclinator, and the excessive starting torque can cause control clamping stagnation to influence the flight safety of the helicopter. Therefore, accurate and effective measurement of the starting moment of the large spherical hinge is important.
The prior art simply measures the self-lubricating joint shaft in an unassembled environment and cannot effectively reflect the working condition of the self-lubricating joint shaft in an assembled environment, so that the measurement of the starting torque is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a starting torque measuring tool and a starting torque measuring method for a self-lubricating joint bearing, which are used for accurately and effectively measuring the starting torque in the self-lubricating joint shaft assembling environment.
In order to realize the task, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a starting torque measuring tool for a self-lubricating joint bearing comprises a fixed support, a driving rod and a shackle, wherein the rod end of the driving rod is arranged in the middle of the top end of the fixed support in a detachable connection mode, the shackle is arranged on the driving rod, the shackle serves as a loading point and is used for being connected with loading equipment, and the distance between the shackle and the top end of the fixed support is adjustable; the fixed support is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and a circle of convex shoulder is arranged on the upper edge of the fixed support; the outer diameter of the fixing support is matched with the inner diameter of the inner hole of the self-lubricating joint bearing.
Further, after the measuring tool is assembled, the center of the shackle and the self-lubricating knuckle bearing is 1 m.
Furthermore, a threaded rod is arranged in the middle of the top end of the fixing support, and a threaded hole matched with the threaded rod is formed in the lower end of the driving rod.
A method for measuring starting torque of a self-lubricating joint bearing comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling a self-lubricating joint bearing to be measured in an automatic inclinator moving ring immobile ring component through a pressing ring and a bolt, and placing the assembled component on a measuring table to enable the front side of the assembled component to face upwards;
step 2, inserting a fixing support of the self-lubricating joint bearing starting torque measuring tool into an inner hole of the self-lubricating joint bearing, clamping a convex shoulder of the fixing support on the upper portion of the inner hole, and keeping a driving rod perpendicular to the surface of a measuring table;
adjusting the circumferential position of the measuring tool to enable the projection of the shackle on the pressing ring to point to a specified measuring direction;
step 3, pulling the self-lubricating joint bearing to the position of the measurement direction and inclining the self-lubricating joint bearing to the limit position in the opposite direction through a driving rod of the measurement tool, connecting the loading equipment with a shackle, and enabling the projection of the force application direction of the loading equipment to be consistent with the measurement direction;
a driving rod perpendicular to the measuring tool pulls the loading equipment at a constant speed until the self-lubricating knuckle bearing is pulled to move to the limit position of the measuring direction, the maximum value of the reading of the dynamometer is recorded, and the starting moment is calculated;
step 4, rotating the measuring tool to enable the projection of the shackle on the pressing ring to point to the opposite direction of the specified measuring direction, pulling the loading equipment at a constant speed perpendicular to a driving rod of the measuring tool until the self-lubricating knuckle bearing is pulled to move to the limit position in the opposite direction of the measuring direction, recording the maximum value of the reading of the dynamometer, and calculating the starting moment;
a plurality of measuring positions are determined on the pressing ring, and the starting moment is measured and calculated according to the methods of the steps 3 and 4 for each measuring position.
Further, determining a plurality of measurement orientations on the clamping ring comprises:
and taking a plurality of uniformly distributed measuring points on the pressing ring, and taking a connecting line between the center of the inner hole of the self-lubricating joint bearing and the measuring points as the measuring direction.
Further, the method further comprises:
the assembled assembly was placed in the reverse direction, and the starting torque was measured and calculated in the reverse state in the same manner as in steps 2 to 5.
Further, the method further comprises:
after all measurement directions start torque measurement is completed, the measurement tool is shaken in the full range, and if the ball hinge has a clamping stagnation point, the maximum torque value of the direction where the clamping stagnation point is located is measured.
Further, if the starting torque values measured in all measuring directions and the opposite directions are smaller than the set threshold value, the self-lubricating joint bearing is normally used, otherwise, the spherical hinge in the self-lubricating joint bearing is reassembled or the whole self-lubricating joint bearing is replaced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical characteristics:
by the measuring tool and the measuring method for the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing, the starting torque of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing can be effectively and accurately measured, and the helicopter is prevented from flying faults caused by clamping stagnation of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing. The measuring tool and the measuring method have the advantage that the effectiveness and the correctness of the measuring tool and the measuring method are verified through an external field. Meanwhile, the measurement method is also suitable for measuring the starting torque of self-lubricating knuckle bearings of other models of helicopters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a measurement tool;
FIG. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of a measurement tool;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a forward measurement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the start torque calculation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of reverse direction measurements;
the reference numbers in the figures illustrate: the self-lubricating joint bearing comprises a fixing support 1, a driving rod 2, a shackle 3, a pressing ring 4, a measuring point 5 and a self-lubricating joint bearing 6.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a self-lubricating joint bearing starting torque measuring tool and measuring method are used for accurately and effectively measuring starting torque in a self-lubricating joint shaft assembling environment, wherein:
the measuring tool is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and comprises a fixed support 1, a driving rod 2 and a shackle 3, wherein the rod end of the driving rod 2 is arranged in the middle of the top end of the fixed support 1 in a detachable connection mode, the shackle 3 is arranged on the driving rod 2, the shackle 3 is used as a loading point and is connected with loading equipment, and the distance between the shackle 3 and the top end of the fixed support 1 is adjustable; the fixing support 1 is of a hollow cylindrical structure, a circle of convex shoulder is arranged on the upper edge of the fixing support 1, and the convex shoulder plays a role in positioning when the fixing support 1 is inserted into an inner hole of the self-lubricating oscillating bearing 6; the outer diameter of the fixing support 1 is matched with the inner diameter of the inner hole of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6.
Specifically, a threaded rod is arranged in the middle of the top end of the fixed support 1, and a threaded hole matched with the threaded rod is formed in the lower end of the driving rod 2; by rotating the fixing bracket 1, the driving rod 2 is rotated relative to the fixing bracket 1, and the distance between the shackle 3 and the fixing bracket 1 can be adjusted. The loading device may employ a load cell.
After the measuring tool is assembled, the position of the driving rod 2 is rotationally adjusted, so that after the fixing support 1 is inserted into an inner hole of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6, the center of the shackle 3 and the center of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6 are 1 m; the aim of this design is that, since the moment is force arm, which is 1m when measured vertically, the value of the moment can be read directly from the loading device, which effectively simplifies the calculation process.
The method for measuring the starting torque is illustrated in fig. 3 by taking the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6 as an example and assembling the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing in the moving ring and fixed ring component of the automatic recliner through the pressing ring 4 and the bolt.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention provides a method for measuring the starting torque of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling a self-lubricating joint bearing 6 to be measured in an automatic inclinator moving ring fixed ring component through a pressing ring 4 and a bolt, and placing the assembled component on a measuring table to enable the front side of the assembled component to face upwards.
Step 2, inserting the fixing support 1 of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6 starting torque measuring tool into an inner hole of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, clamping a convex shoulder of the fixing support 1 on the upper part of the inner hole for positioning, and keeping the driving rod 2 perpendicular to the surface of the measuring table;
the circumferential position of the measuring tool is adjusted by rotation, so that the projection of the shackle 3 on the clamping ring 4 points to a specified measuring direction.
In order to measure the starting torque in all directions, a plurality of uniformly distributed measuring points 5 can be taken on the pressing ring 4, and a connecting line of the center of the inner hole of the self-lubricating spherical bearing 6 and the measuring points 5 is taken as the measuring direction. The number of specific measuring points 5 can be determined according to the actual measuring requirements.
For example, in the example of fig. 3, the pressing ring 4 fixes the self-lubricating spherical bearing 6 by 8 evenly distributed bolts, and then the bolt position can be taken as the measuring point 5, and the direction of the connecting line of the center of the inner hole and eight bolts can be taken as eight measuring directions.
And 3, pulling the self-lubricating joint bearing 6 to the limit position (namely, the self-lubricating joint bearing inclines until the self-lubricating joint bearing cannot be pulled continuously) in the opposite direction of the measuring direction through the driving rod 2 of the measuring tool, connecting the loading equipment with the shackle 3, and enabling the projection of the force application direction of the loading equipment to be consistent with the measuring direction.
The loading equipment is pulled at a constant speed perpendicular to the driving rod 2 of the measuring tool until the self-lubricating knuckle bearing 6 is pulled to move to the limit position of the measuring direction, as shown by a dotted line in fig. 3, the maximum value of the reading of the dynamometer is recorded, and the starting moment is calculated; since the shackle 3 has previously been adjusted to a distance L of 1m from the centre of the bore, the reading F measured here is the required starting moment, as shown in fig. 4. If the shackle 3 distance has not been adjusted before, i.e. L ≠ 1m, the activation torque is F × L (n.m).
And 4, rotating the measuring tool to enable the projection of the shackle 3 on the pressing ring 4 to point to the opposite direction of the specified measuring direction, pulling the loading equipment at a constant speed perpendicular to the driving rod 2 of the measuring tool until the self-lubricating knuckle bearing 6 is pulled to move to the limit position in the opposite direction of the measuring direction, recording the maximum value of the reading of the dynamometer, and calculating the starting moment.
The purpose of this step is to measure the starting torque also in the opposite direction to the measurement orientation, so that for the same measurement orientation there are starting torque measurements in both the forward and reverse directions, which makes it possible to measure the starting torque more fully and effectively.
And 5, reversely placing the assembled components, as shown in fig. 5, measuring and calculating the starting torque in a reverse state by adopting the same method as the steps 2 to 5, and comprehensively measuring the forward direction and the reverse direction of the self-lubricating knuckle bearing 6.
And 6, after all the measurement azimuth starting torque measurement is finished, shaking the measurement tool in a full range (without specifying azimuth), and if the spherical hinge has a clamping stagnation point, supplementing and measuring the maximum torque value of the azimuth where the clamping stagnation point is located.
The starting torque of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6 is qualified:
if the starting torque values measured in all measuring directions and in the opposite directions are less than or equal to 12Nm (the qualified starting torque value of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6 can be properly adjusted according to the size of the structure), the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing is normally used, and otherwise, the spherical hinge in the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6 is reassembled or the whole self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6 is replaced.
By the measuring tool and the measuring method of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6, the starting torque of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6 can be effectively and accurately measured, and the helicopter is prevented from flying faults caused by clamping stagnation of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing 6.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equally replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application, and they should be construed as being included in the present application.

Claims (7)

1. A method for measuring starting torque of a self-lubricating oscillating bearing is characterized in that the method utilizes a self-lubricating oscillating bearing starting torque measuring tool to measure; the frock includes:
the device comprises a fixed support (1), a driving rod (2) and a shackle (3), wherein the lower end of the driving rod (2) is arranged in the middle of the top end of the fixed support (1) in a detachable connection mode, the shackle (3) is arranged on the driving rod (2), the shackle (3) is used as a loading point and is connected with loading equipment, and the distance between the shackle (3) and the top end of the fixed support (1) is adjustable; the fixing support (1) is of a hollow cylindrical structure, and a circle of convex shoulder is arranged on the upper edge of the fixing support (1); the outer diameter of the fixing support (1) is matched with the inner diameter of an inner hole of the self-lubricating joint bearing (6);
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, assembling a self-lubricating joint bearing (6) to be tested in an automatic inclinator moving ring fixed ring component through a pressing ring (4) and a bolt, and placing the assembled component on a measuring table to enable the front side of the component to be tested to face upwards;
step 2, inserting a fixing support (1) of a starting torque measuring tool of the self-lubricating joint bearing (6) into an inner hole of the self-lubricating joint bearing (6), clamping a convex shoulder of the fixing support (1) on the upper portion of the inner hole, and keeping a driving rod (2) perpendicular to the surface of a measuring table;
adjusting the circumferential position of the measuring tool to enable the projection of the shackle (3) on the pressing ring (4) to point to a specified measuring direction;
step 3, the self-lubricating joint bearing (6) is pulled to the position where the measurement direction is inclined to the limit position in the opposite direction through a driving rod (2) of the measurement tool, the loading equipment is connected with the shackle (3), and the projection of the force application direction of the loading equipment is made to be consistent with the measurement direction; the loading equipment is a dynamometer;
a driving rod (2) vertical to the measuring tool pulls the loading equipment at a constant speed until the self-lubricating knuckle bearing (6) is pulled to move to the limit position of a measuring direction, the maximum value of the reading of the dynamometer is recorded, and the starting moment is calculated;
step 4, rotating the measuring tool to enable the projection of the shackle (3) on the pressing ring (4) to point to the opposite direction of the specified measuring direction, pulling the loading device at a constant speed by a driving rod (2) perpendicular to the measuring tool until the self-lubricating knuckle bearing (6) is pulled to move to the limit position of the opposite direction of the measuring direction, recording the maximum value of the reading of the dynamometer, and calculating the starting torque;
and 5, determining a plurality of measuring orientations on the pressing ring (4), and measuring and calculating starting torque for each measuring orientation according to the methods in the steps 3 and 4.
2. The method for measuring the starting torque of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing according to claim 1, wherein after the measuring tool is assembled, the center of the shackle (3) and the center of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing (6) are 1 m.
3. The method for measuring the starting torque of the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing according to claim 1, wherein a threaded rod is arranged in the middle of the top end of the fixing support (1), and a threaded hole matched with the threaded rod is formed in the lower end of the driving rod (2).
4. Method for measuring the starting torque of a self-lubricating spherical plain bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the determination of a plurality of measuring orientations on the clamping ring (4) comprises:
a plurality of measuring points (5) are uniformly distributed on the pressing ring (4), and a connecting line between the center of an inner hole of the self-lubricating joint bearing (6) and the measuring points (5) is used as the measuring direction.
5. The method of measuring the starting torque of a self-lubricating spherical plain bearing according to claim 1, further comprising:
the assembled components are placed in the reverse direction, and the starting torque is measured and calculated in the reverse placed state in the same manner as in steps 2 to 5.
6. The method of measuring the starting torque of a self-lubricating spherical plain bearing according to claim 1, further comprising:
after all measurement azimuth starting torque measurements are completed, the measurement tool is shaken in the full range, if a clamping stagnation point exists in the spherical hinge, the maximum value of the reading value of the dynamometer in the azimuth of the clamping stagnation point is measured, and the starting torque is calculated.
7. Method for measuring the starting torque of a self-lubricating spherical plain bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that if the starting torque values measured in all the measuring directions and in the opposite direction are less than the set threshold value, the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing is used normally, otherwise the spherical hinge in the self-lubricating spherical plain bearing (6) is reassembled or the whole self-lubricating spherical plain bearing (6) is replaced.
CN202011114681.6A 2020-10-16 2020-10-16 Self-lubricating joint bearing starting torque measuring tool and measuring method Active CN112229629B (en)

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