CN112228101A

CN112228101A - Spraying-based roadway support forming method and system

Info

Publication number: CN112228101A
Application number: CN202011042232.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 康红普; 姜鹏飞; 王子越; 韦尧中; 刘畅; 高富强; 郭吉昌; 罗超; 曹晓明; 陈志良; 王正胜; 郑仰发
Original assignee: Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd; CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute
Current assignee: Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd; CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute
Priority date: 2020-09-28
Filing date: 2020-09-28
Publication date: 2021-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-28
Also published as: CN112228101B

Abstract

The application discloses a roadway support forming method and a system based on spraying, wherein the roadway tunneling construction operation is composed of a plurality of operation circulating units, and each operation circulating unit comprises the following steps: tunneling at least one row pitch to form a new tunnel; and spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, wherein the bonding property and the sealing property of the sealing spraying layer need to meet preset conditions, and the sealing spraying layer has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming support. The method effectively supports the newly formed roadway in a layer spraying mode, achieves the purposes of digging forwards and backwards, and is simple and convenient in process flow. Need not to adopt entry driving machine on-board ceiling or from moving canopy formula support, strut the country rock, can reduce consuming time long and promote the area that the tunnel can be strutted, satisfy the demand that the colliery tunnel was tunneled fast. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved.

Description

Spraying-based roadway support forming method and system

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a spraying-based roadway support forming method and system.

Background

Coal is the main energy in China, and plays an important role in promoting national industrial development, national economic progress and the like. The rapid tunneling of coal mine tunnels has become a 'neck' problem which restricts the safe and efficient mining of coal. The tunneling and supporting process is optimized, efficient, safe and reliable temporary support is developed, and the improvement of the permanent support efficiency is a fundamental way for improving the roadway forming speed. In the related technology, the surrounding rock of the coal mine roadway, namely the surface of the surrounding rock, is effectively and temporarily supported immediately after an excavation section is formed in the process of coal mining.

However, the above-mentioned support method is to temporarily support the surface of the surrounding rock by using a metal probe beam, a single hydraulic prop, etc., and in this way, the support needs to be carried manually, and the construction speed is slow, the support strength is insufficient, the support quality is poor, and the manual labor intensity is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

Therefore, the first purpose of the application is to provide a roadway support forming method based on spraying, which is used for solving the technical problems that the supporting needs to be carried manually in the prior art, the construction speed is slow, the supporting strength is insufficient, the supporting quality is poor, and the manual labor intensity is high.

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present application provides a method for forming a spray-based roadway support, where a roadway driving construction operation is composed of a plurality of operation cycle units, and each operation cycle unit includes the following steps: tunneling at least one row pitch to form a new tunnel; and spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, wherein the bonding property and the sealing property of the sealing spraying layer need to meet preset conditions, and the sealing spraying layer has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming support.

In addition, the method for forming a roadway support based on spraying according to the above embodiment of the present application may further have the following additional technical features:

according to one embodiment of the application, spraying material is sprayed on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spray layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, and the method comprises the following steps: determining surrounding rock parameters of a region to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock; determining the spraying thickness of the area to be sprayed according to the surrounding rock parameters; and spraying the spraying material onto the surface of the roadway according to the spraying thickness to form the sealing spraying layer.

According to one embodiment of the present application, the spray material includes a first material having an adhesive property satisfying an adhesive condition and a second material having a sealing property satisfying a sealing condition, wherein the first material has a higher adhesive property than the second material and the second material has a higher air-tightness than the first material.

According to one embodiment of the application, spraying material is sprayed on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spray layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, and the method comprises the following steps: spraying the first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway surface, and bonding the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the bonding property of the first material; and spraying the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, and forming the sealing spraying layer through the sealing performance of the second material.

According to one embodiment of the application, the surrounding rock parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: the flatness of the area to be sprayed and the gap parameters of the area to be sprayed are calculated; the gap parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters: number of gaps, size of gaps, and depth of gaps.

According to an embodiment of the present application, further comprising: in the spraying process, the spraying quality of a region to be sprayed is collected, and the spraying angle is adjusted according to the spraying quality.

According to one embodiment of the application, spraying the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, further comprises: judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not; and if the sealed spraying layer does not meet the supporting requirement, continuing to perform supplementary spraying or grouting treatment on the acquisition area corresponding to the image.

According to one embodiment of the application, the performance index of the sealing spray layer formed by spraying the spraying material within 180 seconds after the spraying is finished needs to meet the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3MPa, bonding strength is more than 1MPa, shearing strength is more than 5MPa, and elongation is more than 60%; the compressive strength is more than 10 MPa.

According to one embodiment of the application, the performance index of the spray material at the final strength needs to meet the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3.5MPa, shearing strength is more than 6MPa, elongation is more than 30%, and compressive strength is more than 20 MPa.

According to one embodiment of the application, when the spraying material is an organic material, the flash point of the spraying material is less than or equal to 200 ℃, and the oxygen index is less than or equal to 35%.

According to one embodiment of the present application, the maximum reaction temperature of the spray material is 90 degrees Celsius or less.

According to one embodiment of the present application, the spray material is also required to have flame retardant properties and antistatic properties.

According to the spraying-based roadway support forming method provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the application, a newly formed roadway is effectively supported in a layer spraying manner, front excavation and rear excavation are achieved, and the process flow is simple and convenient. Need not to adopt entry driving machine on-board ceiling or from moving canopy formula support, strut the country rock, can reduce consuming time long and promote the area that the tunnel can be strutted, satisfy the demand that the colliery tunnel was tunneled fast. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a spray-based roadway support forming system, which includes: the tunneling device is used for tunneling at least one row distance to form a new tunnel; and the spraying device is used for spraying a spraying material to the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, wherein the sealing spraying layer is used for forming support.

According to an embodiment of the application, the spray coating device comprises: the mechanical arm is arranged on the vehicle body; the spraying assembly, the spraying end of spraying assembly with drive assembly is connected to the arm, drive assembly sets up on the automobile body, drive assembly with the arm is connected, drive assembly drives the arm action is in order to drive spraying assembly will spraying material sprays to newly dig the tunnel surface in tunnel, form sealed layer of spouting.

According to one embodiment of the present application, the spray assembly comprises: a spray head;

and the pumping equipment is used for pumping the spraying material in the material storage area into the material conveying pipeline and conveying the spraying material to the spray head for spraying.

According to one embodiment of the present application, the spray assembly comprises: the device comprises a spray head, a material storage area, pumping equipment and a material conveying pipeline for connecting the spray head and the pumping equipment; the spray head is a spraying end of the spraying component and is connected with the mechanical arm;

According to an embodiment of the application, the shower nozzle includes one or more spouts, the direction of injection of a plurality of spouts is different, the shower nozzle passes through a rotary part and is connected with the arm, the shower nozzle can wind the arm arbitrary direction rotation through rotary part.

According to the roadway support forming system based on spraying provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the application, a newly formed roadway is effectively supported in a layer spraying manner, front excavation and rear excavation are realized, and the process flow is simple and convenient. Need not to adopt entry driving machine on-board ceiling or from moving canopy formula support, carry out temporary support to the country rock, can reduce consuming time long and promote the area that the tunnel can be strutted, satisfy the demand that the colliery tunnel was tunneled fast. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for forming a spray-based roadway support according to one embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a flow chart of another method of forming a spray-based roadway support disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a flow chart of another method of forming a spray-based roadway support disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a flow chart of another method of forming a spray-based roadway support disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a spatial plan view of a construction state of a method for forming a spray-based roadway support according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a spatial plan view of a construction state of a method for forming a spray-based roadway support according to an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a vacuum head as disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a vacuum head as disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a vacuum head as disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a vacuum head as disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 11 is a flow chart of another method for forming a spray-based roadway support as disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 12 is a flow chart of another method of forming a spray-based roadway support disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 13 is a flow chart of another method for forming a spray-based roadway support as disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 14 is a flow chart of another method of forming a spray-based roadway support disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 15 is a block diagram of a system for forming a roadway support based on painting according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 16 is a block diagram of a spraying device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In fig. 1 to 10:

1: a tunneling device; 2: a transportation device; 3: a sealing device; 4: a ventilation line; 5: a spraying device; 6: a sealing and air extraction device; 7: a vacuum generating device; 8: an anchor rod trolley; 81: a roof bolt; 82: anchor rods are arranged; 9: surrounding rocks;

01: a suction cup holder; 02: a first seal ring; 03: an air extraction opening; 04: a ball bearing; 05: a flexible material connecting sleeve; 06: a shaft sleeve; 07: a flange plate; 08: a second seal ring; 09: a quick coupling sleeve; 010: a suction rod; 011: an air extraction passage; 012: one-way valve, 013: and (4) a groove.

Detailed Description

For a better understanding of the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

The spraying-based roadway support forming method comprises a plurality of operation circulating units, wherein each operation circulating unit comprises the following steps:

fig. 1 is a flowchart of a roadway support forming method based on spraying provided by the present application.

S101, tunneling at least one row distance to form a new tunnel.

In this application, tunnel to the country rock through entry driving device 1, can tunnel a row spacing at every turn, also can tunnel a plurality of row spacings at every turn, then form a new tunnel of digging.

S102, spraying the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock.

In the application, the tunneling device 1 is provided with the spraying device 5, and the spraying device 5 can spray a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock 9.

As a possible realization mode, the adhesive property and the sealing property of the spraying material need to meet preset conditions, and the sealing spraying layer formed after spraying has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming a support.

The spraying material is sprayed on a sealing spraying layer which can be formed on the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the wall caving can be prevented, the protection effect is achieved, and the effect similar to that of a metal mesh in anchor rod cable support can be achieved.

Optionally, the performance index of the sealing spray layer formed by spraying the spray material within 180 seconds after the spraying is finished needs to satisfy the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3MPa, bonding strength is more than 1MPa, shearing strength is more than 5MPa, and elongation is more than 60%; the compressive strength is more than 10 MPa. Further, the performance index of the spraying material at final strength needs to meet the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3.5MPa, shearing strength is more than 6MPa, elongation is more than 30%, and compressive strength is more than 20 MPa.

Optionally, after the material reaction is finished after the spraying material is sprayed, the sealing spraying layer needs not to react with water, that is, the spraying material in the sealing spraying layer does not continue to expand after meeting water, and the compressive strength, the shear strength and the tensile strength need to be kept from being reduced, so that the supporting effect of the sealing spraying layer cannot be reduced due to the meeting water, and the occurrence of accidents can be avoided.

Optionally, the spraying material is an organic material, and when the spraying material is an organic material, the flash point of the spraying material is required to be greater than or equal to 200 ℃, and the oxygen index is required to be less than or equal to 35%, so that a fire disaster can be avoided, and the occurrence probability of a relatively serious safety accident is reduced. The spray material may also be an inorganic material. For environmental protection, the spray coating material needs to be a non-toxic, odorless and pollution-free material.

The temperature of the environment for using the spray coating material is generally 0-40 ℃, and optionally, the highest reaction temperature of the spray coating material is less than or equal to 90 ℃.

Optionally, the spray material also needs to have flame retardant and antistatic properties.

As another possible implementation, the spray material includes a first material having an adhesive property satisfying an adhesive condition and a second material having a sealing property satisfying a sealing condition, wherein the first material has a higher adhesive property than the second material. The first material is a material with strong adhesive property, optionally, the first material may be a foaming material, and the foaming material may be a polyurethane material. The second material has higher air tightness than the first material, and is an air tightness thin spraying material. For example, the gas-tight flash material may be a flexible support material, such as TSL (Thin spray-on liners).

It should be noted that the above is only a specific example of the spraying material, and the present application mainly aims at protecting the supporting process, and in the present application, other spraying materials with similar functions may also be provided.

Therefore, the newly formed roadway is effectively supported in a layer spraying mode, the front digging and the rear digging are achieved, and the process flow is simple and convenient. Need not to adopt entry driving machine on-board ceiling or from moving canopy formula support, strut the country rock, can reduce consuming time long and promote the area that the tunnel can be strutted, satisfy the demand that the colliery tunnel was tunneled fast. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved.

Fig. 2 is a flowchart of another method for forming a roadway support based on spraying according to the present application. On the basis of the above embodiment, the method may further include the following steps:

and S103, carrying out permanent support on the anchor rod of the newly excavated roadway.

In this application, after forming sealed layer of spouting, in order to make the tunnel safer, can beat the stock through the stock platform truck to newly digging the tunnel. The anchor rod trolley can advance along with the tunneling machine, the anchor rod trolley can be used for driving an anchor rod on the top of a newly excavated roadway, and anchor rods on the upper sides of the newly excavated roadway are driven.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart of another method for forming a roadway support based on spraying according to the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the method specifically includes the following steps:

s201, arranging a sealing device at the intersection of the newly excavated roadway and the roadway which is finished with the supporting operation, isolating the newly excavated roadway from the roadway which is finished with the supporting operation, and performing extraction type ventilation on the newly excavated roadway.

S202, tunneling at least one row distance to form a new tunnel.

And S203, transporting the crushed coal rocks generated by the newly-excavated roadway out.

And S204, spraying the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock.

And S205, carrying out permanent support on the anchor rod of the newly excavated roadway.

Fig. 4 is a flowchart of another method for forming a roadway support based on spraying according to the present application. On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a step 206 is further included between step S204 and step 205, and specifically includes the following steps:

s206, extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the region, not sprayed, on the surface of the surrounding rock so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state, wherein the sealing spraying layer forms a support in the negative pressure state.

In the application, when the spraying material is sprayed to the surface of the surrounding rock, an area which is not sprayed can be reserved. The uncoated area may be used to extract gas from within the surrounding rock gap. In this application, through the evacuation subsystem from the not gas in the spraying region on country rock surface extraction country rock clearance. The vacuumizing subsystem comprises a vacuum generating device, a vacuum suction head and an air suction passage for connecting the vacuum generating device and the vacuum suction head. The vacuum generating device includes, but is not limited to, a vacuum generator and a vacuum pump.

As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the spray-based roadway support forming system includes: the device comprises a tunneling device 1, a sealing device 3, a ventilation pipeline 4, a spraying device 5, a vacuum suction head 6 and a vacuum generating device 7. Wherein the vacuum suction head 6 and the vacuum generating device 7 form a vacuum-pumping subsystem.

It should be noted that, in the method for forming a roadway support based on spraying provided in fig. 1 to 3, the system for forming a support includes: the device comprises a tunneling device 1, a sealing device 3, a ventilation pipeline 4 and a spraying device 5. In the method for forming the roadway support based on spraying provided by figures 1 to 3, the sealed spraying layer does not need to be pumped, so that a vacuum generating device 7 and a vacuum suction head 6 do not need to be included in a support forming system.

And arranging a sealing device 3 at the intersection of the roadway without supporting operation and the roadway with supporting operation, wherein the sealing device 3 can isolate the area without supporting operation from the area with supporting operation, and the newly excavated roadway is subjected to extraction type ventilation through a ventilation pipeline 4.

The tunnelling device 1 may be used to tunnel one or more pitches over the surrounding rock and then form a new tunnelling tunnel. Optionally, the heading device 1 comprises a vehicle body, and a cutting part, namely a first mechanical arm and a second mechanical arm, is arranged on the vehicle body. Wherein, the cutting part is used for cutting the surrounding rock.

Alternatively, the ripping apparatus 1 may include a partial face ripper or a full face ripper. Wherein, the partial section heading machine can comprise a horizontal shaft type heading machine and a longitudinal shaft type heading machine.

After the tunneling device 2 tunnels, the crushed coal rocks generated in the newly tunneled road can be transported out by following the operation device 2 behind the tunneling device 2. The type of the transportation device 2 is not limited in the present application, and can be set according to actual conditions. Alternatively, the transport device 2 may employ a transport belt.

Further, the spraying device 5 sprays the spraying material to the surface of the newly excavated roadway to form a high-air-tightness spraying layer, as a possible implementation mode, the bonding performance and the sealing performance of the spraying material need to meet preset conditions, and the sealing spraying layer formed after spraying has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming support.

Optionally, the spraying device 5 is arranged on the first mechanical arm, and the first mechanical arm can control the spraying device 5 to spray the spraying material on the roadway surface of the newly excavated roadway to form a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock.

Alternatively, the spray coating device 5 includes: the spraying device comprises a mechanical arm, a spraying assembly and a driving assembly. The robot is provided on a vehicle body, which may be a vehicle body of the boring device or a vehicle body of the painting device, that is, the painting device may be mounted on the boring device or may be an independent device.

The spraying end of the spraying component is connected with the mechanical arm.

The drive assembly sets up on the automobile body, and drive assembly is connected with the arm, and drive assembly drive arm action is in order to drive the spraying end with the spraying material spraying to the tunnel surface in new tunnel of digging, form sealed layer of spouting.

Optionally, the spraying assembly comprises a spray head, a storage area for storing spraying materials, pumping equipment, and a material conveying pipeline connecting the storage area and the spray head. The nozzle is the spraying end of the spraying component and is connected with the mechanical arm.

The pumping equipment is used for pumping the spraying material in the material storage area into the material conveying pipeline and conveying the spraying material to the spray head for spraying.

In the application, the pumping equipment and the storage area are optionally fixedly carried in or on a vehicle body of the tunneling device; alternatively, if the spray coating device is a separate device, it may also be carried within the body of the spray coating device. One end of the material conveying pipeline is connected with the spray head, and the other end of the material conveying pipeline is connected with a discharge hole of the material storage area. Optionally, the material conveying pipeline can be arranged independently, and one end connected with the spraying can be arranged in the mechanical arm and penetrates through the mechanical arm to be connected with the spray head. Furthermore, the spray head is connected with the mechanical arm through a rotating component, and the spray head can rotate around the mechanical arm in any direction through the rotating component.

Further, the spray head comprises one or more spray orifices, and the spray directions of the plurality of spray orifices are different.

In the spraying process, the spraying device can collect the spraying quality of the area to be sprayed, and the spraying angle is adjusted according to the spraying quality. For example, the spraying quality may be the spraying effect of the unevenness, and in order to make the spraying of the surface of the surrounding rock uniform, the spraying angle needs to be adjusted according to the current actual spraying quality.

When a spray unevenness or a missing spray position is detected, it is optionally possible to rotate a rotary member by which the nozzle head of the spray device is adjusted to a spray angle toward the unevenness or missing spray and then spray. Or determining the spray openings facing the positions with uneven spraying or missed spraying, controlling the spray openings facing the positions to be opened, and controlling the spray openings facing the positions to be closed in other directions, and then spraying.

Furthermore, the vacuum generating device 7 and the vacuum suction head 6 are matched to realize air suction of the gas inside the surrounding rock 9, so that pressure difference is formed on the surface of the roadway, and the maximum pressure can reach 1 atmospheric pressure, namely 0.1MPa, so that active supporting of the surrounding rock 9 of the roadway is realized.

The working principle of the air extraction process is as follows: the vacuum generating device 7 is connected with the vacuum suction head 6, and the vacuum suction head 6 can be lifted to an area which is reserved on the surface of the surrounding rock and is not sprayed through a mechanical arm on the vehicle body. The vacuum suction head 6 is attached to the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock to form an air-extracting working environment. The vacuum suction head 6 is quickly attached to the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock, the vacuum suction head 6 and the sealing spraying layer are mutually sealed, the surface of the surrounding rock can be quickly sealed, and an air pumping operation environment is formed. The gas in the surrounding rock is continuously pumped out by the vacuum generating device 7, and the surrounding rock and the newly-excavated roadway are separated by the high-air-tightness spraying layer, so that pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, and the supporting effect is realized.

Regarding the implementation of the vacuum suction head 6 and the process of vacuum pumping, reference may be made to the description of the embodiments described in fig. 7 to 10.

In this application, after forming sealed layer of spouting, in order to make the tunnel safer, can beat the stock through stock platform truck 8 to newly digging the tunnel. The anchor rod trolley 8 can advance along with the tunneling device 1, the anchor rod trolley 8 can be used for driving an anchor rod on the top of a newly excavated roadway, and anchor rods on the upper sides of the newly excavated roadway are driven to form permanent support.

In the method for forming the spraying-based roadway support as shown in fig. 4, the gas in the surrounding rock gap is automatically extracted, so that the pressure difference is formed between the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, namely the inside of the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, the newly formed roadway can be effectively supported through atmospheric pressure, the purposes of front excavation and rear support are achieved, and the process flow is simple and convenient. By adopting the mode of forming negative pressure by spraying layer air exhaust, the surrounding rock is supported without adopting a machine-mounted ceiling or a self-moving shed type support of the development machine, the time consumption can be reduced, the supportable area of a roadway can be improved, and the requirement of rapid development of a coal mine roadway is met. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, so that the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved. Furthermore, a permanent support is formed on the roadway in an anchor rod drilling mode, and a safer working environment for coal mining is provided.

The vacuum suction head provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a vacuum head provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 7, the vacuum head may include: the suction cup frame 01, the first sealing ring 02 arranged at the bottom of the suction cup frame 01, the air suction rod 010 penetrating through the suction cup frame 01, the air suction passage 011 arranged in the air suction rod 010, the quick connector 09 sleeved at the top end of the air suction rod 010, and the check valve 012 arranged in the air suction passage 011 of the air suction rod 010.

The air pumping rod 010 is used for punching on the surface of the surrounding rock and stopping punching after the hole is punched to the air pumping depth.

The air extraction passage 011 is used for extracting air in the surrounding rock and adsorbing the suction cup frame 01 on the surface of the surrounding rock.

And the quick connector 09 is used for quickly connecting and disconnecting with an air pumping pipeline connected with the vacuum generating device.

The check valve 012 is configured to close the air suction passage 011, and maintain the suction state of the suction cup holder 01 when the quick coupling 09 is disconnected from the air suction line connected to the vacuum generator.

In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the first sealing ring 02 may be a sponge ring or a silicone rubber ring. The first sealing ring 02 may be glued to the suction cup holder 01. Through set up first sealing washer 02 in the bottom of sucking disc frame 01, can realize that sucking disc frame 01 closely attaches on the country rock surface.

In the embodiment of this application, the vacuum suction head is attached on the wall rock surface, extract the inside gas of wall rock through pumping channel 011, can produce pressure differential in the both sides of sucking disc frame 01, under the effect of atmospheric pressure, first sealing washer 02, for example, the sponge circle is compressed, make sucking disc frame 01 closely attached on the wall rock surface, thereby the clearance between sealed sucking disc frame 01 and the wall rock surface, then, continue to pass through pumping channel 011, constantly take the inside gas of wall rock out, thereby produce pressure differential at the wall rock surface inside and outside surface, effectively strut the wall rock surface through atmospheric pressure.

In the embodiment of the present application, the quick coupling 09 is used for quick connection and quick disconnection with the air pumping pipeline of the vacuum generating device. Wherein, the air extraction pipeline is used for connecting the vacuum generating device and the vacuum suction head. For example, when the evacuation subsystem is used to evacuate the gas inside the surrounding rock, the quick connector 09 can be quickly connected to the air extraction pipe connected to the vacuum generation device, and when the evacuation of the gas inside the surrounding rock is stopped, the quick connector 09 can be quickly disconnected from the air extraction pipe connected to the vacuum generation device, so as to maintain the adsorption state of the suction cup holder 01.

In the embodiment of the present application, after the air pumping through the air pumping passage 011 is completed, the check valve 012 provided in the air pumping passage 011 of the air pumping rod 010 can close the air pumping passage 011 and maintain the adsorption state of the suction cup holder 01, thereby ensuring that the inside of the surrounding rock maintains the negative pressure state, and the surface of the surrounding rock is continuously and effectively supported by the atmospheric pressure.

The working principle of the air extraction process of the above embodiment of the application is as follows: the vacuum suction head is connected with the vacuum suction head through the vacuum generating device and attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, and gas inside the surrounding rock is absorbed through the air suction passage 011 inside the air suction rod 010. When the vacuum generating device absorbs the air in the coverage area of the sucker frame 01, pressure difference can be generated on two sides of the sucker frame 01, and under the action of atmospheric pressure, the first sealing ring 02, such as a sponge ring, is compressed to enable the sucker frame 01 to be closely attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the gap between the sucker frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock is sealed, then air is continuously pumped out through the vacuum generating device, the air inside the surrounding rock is continuously pumped out, and the pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, so that the supporting effect is realized.

In order to clearly illustrate the above embodiment, this embodiment provides another vacuum head, and fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the vacuum head provided in the second embodiment of the present application.

As shown in fig. 8, the vacuum head may further include: and a ball bearing 04.

Wherein, the ball bearing 04 is arranged at the central position in the suction cup frame 01, and the ball bearing 04 is connected with the air pumping rod 010.

The ball bearing is one of rolling bearings, and ball balls are arranged between the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring and can bear larger load.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 8, the vacuum head may further include: a flexible material connecting sleeve 05, a shaft sleeve 06 and a flange plate 07.

Wherein, the flange plate 07 is fixed on the top of the suction cup frame 01.

The flexible material connecting sleeve 05 is clamped between the flange plate 07 and the sucker frame 01.

The shaft sleeve 06 is sleeved on the air pumping rod 010 and connected with the flexible material connecting sleeve 05.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the flange plate 07 may be connected to the suction cup holder 01 by screws, and a flexible material connecting sleeve 05 is disposed between the flange plate 07 and the suction cup holder 01.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 8, the number of the first sealing rings 02 is at least two, for example, the number of the first sealing rings 02 may be 4, 6, 8, and so on. Fig. 8 illustrates only the number of the first seal rings 02 as 4.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 8, an air suction port 03 is disposed between at least two first seal rings 02 on the suction cup holder 01, for example, the air suction port 03 may be disposed between adjacent first seal rings 02, and air in a gap between the suction cup holder 01 and a surface of a surrounding rock is sucked through the air suction port 03, so that the suction cup holder 01 is tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, a check valve may be disposed in the air suction port 03 to close the air suction port 03 and maintain the suction state of the chuck holder 01.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, a second sealing ring may be further interposed between the shaft sleeve 06 and the air pumping rod 010 to achieve the sealing connection between the shaft sleeve 06 and the air pumping rod 010.

Further, in another possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, a shaft sleeve hole may be further disposed on the inner side of the shaft sleeve 06, and a second sealing ring is disposed in the shaft sleeve hole to achieve the sealing connection between the shaft sleeve 06 and the suction rod 010.

It should be noted that fig. 8 is only illustrated that the second seal ring 08 is disposed in the shaft sleeve hole, and in practical applications, it is not necessary to dispose the shaft sleeve hole inside the shaft sleeve 06, and the second seal ring 08 is further disposed in the shaft sleeve hole, for example, the second seal ring 08 may be directly interposed between the shaft sleeve 06 and the suction rod 010, which is not limited in the present application. Therefore, the shaft sleeve 06 can be hermetically connected with the air pumping rod 010 in various modes, and the applicability of the vacuum suction head can be improved.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the air suction port 03 may also be provided with a quick coupling for quick connection and quick disconnection with an air suction pipeline connected to the vacuum generating device.

Specifically, the vacuum generating device can absorb the gas in the gap between the suction cup holder 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock through the suction port 03, and can also absorb the gas in the surrounding rock through the suction passage 011 in the suction rod 010. After the vacuum generating device absorbs the air in the coverage area of the sucker frame 01, namely the vacuum generating device absorbs the air in the gap between the sucker frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock and absorbs the air in the surrounding rock, pressure difference can be generated on two sides of the sucker frame 01, and under the action of atmospheric pressure, the first sealing ring 02 such as a sponge ring is compressed to enable the sucker frame 01 to be tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the gap between the sucker frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock is sealed, then, air is continuously pumped through the vacuum generating device, the air in the gap of the surrounding rock is continuously pumped out, so that the pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, and the supporting effect is realized.

In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the suction cup holder 01 may be a circle, or the shape of the suction cup holder 01 may also be a rectangle, which is not limited in the present application.

As an example, when the shape of the suction cup holder 01 is a circle, referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a top view of the vacuum suction head provided in the third embodiment of the present application.

As another example, when the suction cup holder 01 has a rectangular shape, referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a top view of a vacuum suction head provided in the fourth embodiment of the present application.

In the above embodiment, the air-extracting process may adopt the process a, or may also adopt the process B, which is not limited in this application embodiment.

Wherein the process A comprises the following steps: the vacuum generating device 7 is connected with an air pumping passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 6, air in cracks on the surface of the surrounding rock is pumped out by the vacuum generating device 7, so that the surface of the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, a pressure difference P is formed on the surface of the surrounding rock at the shallow part, wherein P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1MPa, and an active temporary supporting effect is formed. The vacuum generating device 7 is always connected with the air exhaust passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 6 in the process, and air is continuously exhausted until the construction is finished.

The process B comprises the following steps: the vacuum generating device 7 is connected with an air pumping passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 6, air in cracks on the surface of the surrounding rock is pumped out by the vacuum generating device 7, so that the surface of the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, a pressure difference P is formed on the surface of the surrounding rock at the shallow part, wherein P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1MPa, and an active temporary supporting effect is formed. In the process, when P is 0.1MPa, the vacuum generator 7 is disconnected from the vacuum suction head 6, that is, the suction line connected to the vacuum generator 7 is quickly disconnected from the quick connector 09, and the check valve 012 in the vacuum suction head 7 is used to maintain the pressure difference until the construction is finished.

The spray coating for forming the sealing spray layer may include the following means, and a specific process of the spray coating will be explained below.

In a possible embodiment manner of the present application, when the spraying material is a material, fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of a roadway support forming method based on spraying disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

And S301, forming a new roadway surface.

S302, determining surrounding rock parameters of a region to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock.

Wherein the surrounding rock parameters comprise at least one of the following parameters: the flatness of the area to be sprayed and the clearance parameters of the area to be sprayed comprise at least one of the following parameters: number of gaps, size of gaps, and depth of gaps.

S303, determining the spraying thickness of the area to be sprayed according to the surrounding rock parameters.

As a possible implementation manner, dividing a new roadway surface into N (N is greater than 1) areas to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, acquiring an image of each area to be sprayed through a camera (such as a 360-degree rotary camera) installed on the tunneling device, acquiring the flatness, the number of gaps, the size and the depth of each area to be sprayed according to the acquired image, and further determining the spraying thickness of the area to be sprayed where the image is located.

And S304, spraying the spraying material on the surface of the roadway according to the spraying thickness to form a sealing spraying layer.

The spraying device (such as the spraying device 5 in fig. 5 and 6) is stand-alone or is carried on the tunneling device, and the spraying device can spray the spraying material on the surface of the surrounding rock (such as the surrounding rock 9 in fig. 5 and 6) on the roadway surface according to the spraying thickness so as to form the sealing spraying layer. In this application, the sealed layer of spouting that the spraying can form to the country rock surface can prevent the rib, plays the guard action, can play the effect of metal mesh in similar stock cable support to the sealed layer of spouting that forms after the spraying has tensile and toughness and is used for forming and struts.

In another possible embodiment of the present application, when the spraying material is two materials, fig. 12 is a schematic flow chart of a roadway support forming method based on spraying disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in fig. 12, the method for forming a roadway support based on spraying according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

and S401, forming a new roadway surface.

S402, spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock on the surface of the roadway, and adhering the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesive property of the first material.

The adhesive property of the first material needs to meet a preset condition, and the first material is sprayed on a sealing spraying layer which can be formed on the surface of the surrounding rock, so that rib spalling can be prevented, a protection effect is achieved, and a function similar to that of a metal mesh in anchor rod cable support can be achieved. For example, within 180 seconds after the spraying, the adhesive performance index of the sealing sprayed layer formed by spraying needs to satisfy the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3MPa, bonding strength is more than 1MPa, shearing strength is more than 5MPa, and elongation is more than 60%; the compressive strength is more than 10 MPa.

For example, the first material may be a foam material, the foam material foams when meeting water, expands in volume, has good adhesion performance with the coal rock mass, can fill the surrounding rock surface of the rugged roadway surface of the coal rock mass, and is sprayed on the surrounding rock surface of the roadway surface as a primary spraying material.

And S403, spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, and forming a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material to support the surface of the roadway.

The sealing performance of the second material needs to meet a preset condition, and the sealing spraying layer formed after spraying has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming support. Optionally, the performance index of the spray material at the final strength needs to meet the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3.5MPa, shearing strength is more than 6MPa, elongation is more than 30%, and compressive strength is more than 20 MPa.

For example, the second material may be a gas-tight thin-spraying material with better tensile property, and is used as a secondary spraying material to be sprayed on the surface of the primary spraying material to form a gas-tight thin layer.

Optionally, after the material reaction is finished after the second material is sprayed, the sealing spray layer needs not to react with water, that is, the spraying material in the sealing spray layer does not continue to expand after meeting water, and the compressive strength, the shear strength and the tensile strength need to be kept from decreasing, so that the supporting effect of the sealing spray layer cannot be reduced due to meeting water, and an accident can be avoided.

It can be understood that the first material and the second material can be organic materials, wherein when the first material and the second material are organic materials, the flash point of the spraying material is required to be ensured to be more than or equal to 200 ℃, and the oxygen index is required to be less than or equal to 35%, so that a fire disaster can be avoided, and the occurrence probability of a serious safety accident is reduced. The first and second materials may also be inorganic materials. For environmental protection, the first material and the second material need to be non-toxic, odorless, and non-polluting. The temperature of the using environment of the first material and the second material is generally 0-40 ℃, and optionally, the highest reaction temperature of the first material and the second material is less than or equal to 90 ℃.

Optionally, the first and second materials also need to have flame retardant and antistatic properties.

It should be noted that the present invention is mainly directed to protecting a process of supporting, and in the present application, the first material and the second material may also be spraying materials having other similar functions, which are not limited herein.

The tunnel support forming method based on spraying of the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of digging out a new tunnel surface, spraying a first material on the surface of surrounding rock on the new tunnel surface, adhering the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesive property of the first material, spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, and forming a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing property of the second material, so that a support can be effectively formed, the distance between a hollow top and a hollow side is reduced, the repeated transposition operation of tunneling and supporting equipment is avoided, the forward digging and the backward digging are realized, the process flow is simple and convenient, the tunnel forming speed of a coal tunnel can be obviously improved, the efficiency is improved, and the continuous tense atmosphere of digging is relieved.

Fig. 13 is a flow chart of a method of forming a spray-based roadway support according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 13, the method for forming a roadway support based on spraying according to the embodiment of the present invention includes:

and S501, forming a new roadway surface.

S502, determining surrounding rock parameters of a region to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock.

S503, determining a first thickness of the first material according to the surrounding rock parameters.

S504, according to the first thickness, spraying a first material on the surface of the surrounding rock on the surface of the roadway, and adhering the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the adhesive property of a sealed spraying layer formed by spraying.

As a possible implementation manner, dividing a new roadway surface into N (N is greater than 1) areas to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, acquiring an image of each area to be sprayed through a camera (such as a 360-degree rotary camera) installed on the tunneling device, acquiring the flatness, the number of gaps, the size and the depth of each area to be sprayed according to the acquired image, further determining the first thickness of the first material of the area to be sprayed where the image is located, and spraying the first material with the corresponding thickness on the area, so that each area to be sprayed can be processed in a targeted manner, and the first material can be better adhered to the surface of the surrounding rock.

And S505, determining the surrounding rock parameters of the area to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock.

And S506, determining a second thickness of the second material according to the surrounding rock parameters.

And S507, spraying a second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material according to the second thickness, and forming a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock through the sealing performance of the second material to support the surface of the roadway.

As a possible implementation manner, the new roadway surface sprayed with the first material may be divided into N areas to be sprayed, an image of each area to be sprayed is obtained through a camera (e.g., a 360-degree rotating camera) installed on the tunneling device 1, the flatness, the number of gaps, the size and the depth of each area to be sprayed are obtained according to the image, the second thickness of the second material in the area to be sprayed where the image is located is further determined, and the area sprayed with the first material is sprayed with the second material with the corresponding thickness, so that each area to be sprayed can be processed in a targeted manner, and the quality of a sealing layer formed on the surface of the surrounding rock by the second material is better, the sealing performance is better, and the firmness of support formed on the roadway surface is stronger.

In order to further improve the quality and sealing performance of the sealing spray layer and further enhance the robustness of the support formed on the roadway surface, as shown in fig. 14, after the sealing spray layer is formed, the method further comprises the following steps:

and S601, judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the support requirement.

And S602, if the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement, continuing to supplement the spray or grouting treatment in the spray area process which does not meet the support requirement.

Wherein the supporting requirement comprises at least one of the following requirements: the thickness of the sealing spraying layer reaches a preset thickness threshold value, spraying is uniform, namely no abnormal spraying area exists, and air leakage is smaller than a preset air leakage threshold value. The preset thickness threshold value and the preset air leakage threshold value can be set according to actual needs.

As an implementation manner capable of obtaining the thickness of the sealing spray layer, the image obtained in step S601 is preprocessed to obtain the thickness of the sealing spray layer. Optionally, images of the surface of the surrounding rock before and after spraying may be acquired by an image sensor such as a camera, and then the acquired images are sent to a computer for image processing, so as to acquire the thickness of the surface of the surrounding rock before and after spraying.

As another implementation manner capable of obtaining the thickness of the sealing spray layer, the thickness of the sealing spray layer can be directly obtained through a laser three-dimensional scanner installed on the tunneling device. Optionally, the three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock surface before and after spraying, and various drawing data such as lines, surfaces, bodies and the like can be quickly reconstructed by recording information such as three-dimensional coordinates, reflectivity, texture and the like of a large number of dense points on the surrounding rock surface before and after spraying through three-dimensional laser scanning and based on a laser ranging principle, so that the thickness of the surrounding rock surface before and after spraying can be obtained.

Optionally, the obtained thickness of the sealing spray layer may be compared with a preset thickness threshold, and if it is identified that the thickness of the sealing spray layer is lower than the thickness threshold, it is determined that the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement; and if the thickness of the sealing spray layer is identified to be higher than or equal to the thickness threshold value, determining that the sealing spray layer meets the support requirement.

As an implementation mode capable of obtaining the air leakage of the sealing spray layer, the air leakage of each part can be known by utilizing the vacuum detection of the blocks, covering the surfaces of different sealing spray layers by using a large cover and detecting the change of the air pressure in the cover. In this embodiment, the sealing spray layer may be divided into regions, and vacuum detection may be performed on each region. Optionally, a corresponding vacuum hood or other related apparatus may be provided for each partition, so as to completely cover the surface partition of the sealing spray layer. Further, the air pressure of the detected area can be acquired by a preset air pressure sensor.

Optionally, after the air pressure of the detected area is obtained, whether the air pressure of each detected area changes or not can be identified, and if the air pressure of the detected area changes, it is determined that the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement; and if the air pressure of the detected area is identified to be unchanged, determining that the sealing spray layer meets the support requirement.

Further, the air leakage of the detected area is determined according to the air pressure change condition of the detected area. The specific manner of determining the air leakage of the detected area according to the air pressure change of the detected area is not limited, and may be set according to the actual situation. Optionally, the air pressure waveform and the air pressure peak value may be obtained according to the air pressure change condition of the detected region, the collected air pressure waveform curve is compared with the air pressure waveform standard curve to determine the air leakage level, and then the extracted air pressure peak value is used to determine the air leakage amount of the detected region based on the air pressure peak value-air leakage relation.

Optionally, whether a spraying abnormal region exists in the sealing spraying layer can be identified according to the RGB mode image of the sealing spraying layer, wherein the spraying abnormal region includes an unpainted region and a spraying concave-convex region.

That is to say, in this embodiment, the thickness of the sealing spray layer and the air leakage are obtained first, and then it is determined whether the thickness reaches the preset thickness threshold value, whether the air leakage is smaller than the preset air leakage threshold value, there is an abnormal spraying area, and if any one of the areas does not meet the requirement, it is determined that the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement.

When the spraying material is a material, the spraying material is continuously sprayed to the spraying area which does not meet the requirement, or grouting treatment is carried out.

When the spraying material is two materials, namely the first material and the second material are sprayed in a combined mode, the second material is continuously sprayed to the spraying area which does not meet the requirement (local supplementary spraying), or second material injection treatment (local grouting) is continuously carried out on the spraying area which does not meet the requirement until the thickness and air leakage of the sealing spraying layer at the position meet the requirement, and then the local supplementary spraying or the local grouting is stopped, so that the quality of the sealing spraying layer is further better, the sealing performance is better, and the firmness of supporting the roadway surface is further enhanced.

Figure 15 is a block schematic diagram of a paint-based roadway support forming system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 15, a system 1000 for forming a roadway support based on painting according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a heading device 1 and a spraying device 5.

The tunneling device 1 is used for tunneling at least one row distance to form a new tunnel;

and the spraying device 5 is used for spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, wherein the bonding property and the sealing property of the spraying material meet the preset conditions, and the sealed spraying layer formed after spraying has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming support.

Further, as shown in fig. 16, the spray coating device 5 includes: a robotic arm 51, a spray assembly 52, and a drive assembly 52.

The robot arm 51 is provided on the vehicle body.

The spray assembly 52 is connected to the robot arm 51, and the spray assembly 52 includes a magazine for storing spray material.

The driving assembly 53 is arranged on the vehicle body, the driving assembly 53 is connected with the mechanical arm 51, and the driving assembly 53 drives the mechanical arm 51 to move so as to drive the spraying end of the spraying assembly 52 to spray the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealed spraying layer.

Further, the spray assembly 52 includes: spray head 521, storage area 522, pumping equipment 523, and delivery pipeline 524 connecting the spray head and the storage area.

The nozzle 521 is a spraying end of the spraying assembly 52 and is connected to the robot arm 51.

The pumping device 523 is used for pumping the spraying material in the storage area 522 into the delivery pipeline 524, and delivering the spraying material to the spraying head 521 through the delivery pipeline 524 for spraying.

Further, the spray head 521 includes one or more spray nozzles, and the spray directions of the plurality of spray nozzles are different. Alternatively, the spray head 521 is connected to the robot arm 51 through a rotating part 54, and the spray assembly 51 can rotate around the robot arm 51 in any direction through the rotating part 54.

Further, the vacuumizing subsystem 130 comprises a vacuum generating device 7, a vacuum suction head 6 and an air suction pipeline connecting the vacuum generating device and the vacuum suction head, wherein the vacuum suction head is adsorbed on the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock, and the vacuum suction head is used for being sealed with the sealed spraying layer.

The method effectively supports the newly formed roadway in a layer spraying mode, achieves the purposes of digging forwards and backwards, and is simple and convenient in process flow. Need not to adopt entry driving machine on-board ceiling or from moving canopy formula support, strut the country rock, can reduce consuming time long and promote the area that the tunnel can be strutted, satisfy the demand that the colliery tunnel was tunneled fast. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A roadway support forming method based on spraying is characterized in that roadway excavation construction operation is composed of a plurality of operation circulating units, and each operation circulating unit comprises the following steps:

tunneling at least one row pitch to form a new tunnel;

and spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, wherein the bonding property and the sealing property of the sealing spraying layer need to meet preset conditions, and the sealing spraying layer has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming support.

2. The method of forming a roadway support based on spraying of claim 1, wherein said spraying of a spray material onto the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spray on the surface of the surrounding rock comprises:

determining surrounding rock parameters of a region to be sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock;

determining the spraying thickness of the area to be sprayed according to the surrounding rock parameters;

and spraying the spraying material onto the surface of the roadway according to the spraying thickness to form the sealing spraying layer.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the spray material includes a first material having a bonding property satisfying a bonding condition and a second material having a sealing property satisfying a sealing condition, wherein the first material has a bonding property greater than that of the second material, and the second material has a gas tightness greater than that of the first material.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of spraying a sealing layer on the surface of the surrounding rock by spraying a spray material on the newly formed roadway surface comprises:

spraying the first material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the roadway surface, and bonding the first material to the surface of the surrounding rock through the bonding property of the first material;

and spraying the second material on the surface of the surrounding rock sprayed with the first material, and forming the sealing spraying layer through the sealing performance of the second material.

5. The method of forming a spray-based roadway support of claim 2 or 3, wherein the wall rock parameters include at least one of: the flatness of the area to be sprayed and the gap parameters of the area to be sprayed are calculated;

the gap parameter comprises at least one of the following parameters: number of gaps, size of gaps, and depth of gaps.

6. The method of forming a spray-based roadway support of claim 1, further comprising:

in the spraying process, the spraying quality of a region to be sprayed is collected, and the spraying angle is adjusted according to the spraying quality.

7. The method of forming a roadway support based on spraying of claim 1, wherein after spraying the newly formed roadway surface with the spray material to form a sealing layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, further comprising:

judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not;

and if the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement, continuing to perform supplementary spraying or grouting treatment on the spraying area which does not meet the support requirement.

8. The method for forming a roadway support based on spraying of any one of claims 1-4 or 6-7, wherein the performance index of the spraying material within 180 seconds after the spraying is finished needs to meet the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3MPa, bonding strength is more than 1MPa, shearing strength is more than 5MPa, and elongation is more than 60%; the compressive strength is more than 10 MPa.

9. The method for forming a roadway support based on spraying of claim 8, wherein the performance index of the spraying material at the final strength needs to meet the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3.5MPa, shearing strength is more than 6MPa, elongation is more than 30%, and compressive strength is more than 20 MPa.

10. The method for forming a roadway support based on spraying of claim 9, wherein when the spraying material is an organic material, the flash point of the spraying material is not less than 200 ℃, and the oxygen index is not more than 35%.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the maximum reaction temperature of the spray material is less than or equal to 90 ℃.

12. The method of forming a spray-based roadway support of claim 9, wherein said spray material is further required to have flame retardant and antistatic properties.

13. A roadway support forming system based on spraying is characterized by comprising:

the tunneling device is used for tunneling at least one row distance to form a new tunnel;

and the spraying device is used for spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock, wherein the bonding property and the sealing property of the sealing spraying layer meet the preset conditions, and the sealing spraying layer has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming support.

14. A system for forming temporary supports in roadways as claimed in claim 13, wherein said spraying means comprises:

the mechanical arm is arranged on the vehicle body;

the spraying end of the spraying component is connected with the mechanical arm;

drive assembly, drive assembly sets up on the automobile body, drive assembly with the arm is connected, drive assembly drives the arm action is in order to drive the spraying end will the spraying material spraying arrive newly dig the tunnel surface in tunnel, form sealed layer of spouting.

15. An in-tunnel temporary support forming system as claimed in claim 14, wherein said spray assembly includes: the device comprises a spray head, a material storage area, pumping equipment and a material conveying pipeline for connecting the spray head and the material storage area; the spray head is a spraying end of the spraying component and is connected with the mechanical arm;

16. The system for forming temporary supports in roadways of claim 15, wherein the spray head comprises one or more spray nozzles, the spray direction of the plurality of spray nozzles is different;

the spraying device comprises a spraying nozzle, a mechanical arm, a rotating component, a spraying nozzle and a spraying nozzle, wherein the spraying nozzle is connected with the mechanical arm through the rotating component, and the spraying nozzle can rotate around the mechanical arm in any direction through the rotating component.