CN112228100A

CN112228100A - Air pumping system and method for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support

Info

Publication number: CN112228100A
Application number: CN202011042217.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 康红普; 姜鹏飞; 王子越; 韦尧中; 刘畅; 郭吉昌; 罗超; 曹晓明; 陈志良; 郑仰发; 杨建威; 孙志勇; 王涛
Original assignee: Ccteg Coal Mining Research Institute Co ltd; Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Ccteg Coal Mining Research Institute Co ltd; Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-28
Filing date: 2020-09-28
Publication date: 2021-01-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-28
Also published as: CN112228100B

Abstract

The application discloses an air pumping system and a method for forming a roadway atmospheric pressure support, wherein the system comprises: the spraying device is used for spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock; the vacuumizing subsystem is used for extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the region, which is not sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state; the air pressure sensor is used for detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in the air extraction process; and the controller is used for controlling the vacuumizing subsystem and adjusting the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem according to the current air pressure. By automatically extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap, pressure difference is formed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, namely the inside of the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, so that the newly formed roadway can be effectively supported through atmospheric pressure. In addition, the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap is detected in real time, and the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem are adjusted according to the current air pressure, so that the forming efficiency of temporary support in the roadway is ensured.

Description

Air pumping system and method for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to an air pumping system and method for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support.

Background

Coal is the main energy in China, and plays an important role in promoting national industrial development, national economic progress and the like. The rapid tunneling of coal mine tunnels has become a 'neck' problem which restricts the safe and efficient mining of coal. The tunneling and supporting process is optimized, efficient, safe and reliable temporary support is developed, and the improvement of the permanent support efficiency is a fundamental way for improving the roadway forming speed.

The traditional temporary support mode is a metal probe beam, a single hydraulic prop and the like, manual carrying is needed for supporting, the construction speed is low, the support strength is insufficient, the support quality is poor, and the manual labor intensity is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.

Therefore, the first objective of the present application is to provide an air pumping system for forming a roadway atmospheric pressure support, which is used for solving the problems that the support needs to be carried manually in the prior art, the construction speed is slow, the support strength is insufficient, the support quality is poor, and the manual labor intensity is large.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides an air extraction system for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway, including: the spraying device is used for spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock; the vacuumizing subsystem is used for extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state, wherein the sealing spraying layer forms a temporary support in the negative pressure state; the air pressure sensor is used for detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in the air extraction process; and the controller is used for controlling the vacuumizing subsystem to exhaust air and adjusting the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem according to the current air pressure.

In addition, the air exhaust system for forming the roadway atmospheric pressure support according to the embodiment of the application can also have the following additional technical characteristics:

according to an embodiment of the present application, further comprising: the vacuumizing subsystem comprises a vacuum generating device, at least one vacuum suction head and an air suction passage of each vacuum suction head, wherein the vacuum generating device is connected with the vacuum suction heads through the air suction passages, the vacuum suction heads are adsorbed on an uncoated area, and the vacuum suction heads are used for being mutually sealed with the sealed spray layer;

and the controller is further used for adjusting the working power of the vacuum generating device and the air pumping quantity of each air pumping channel.

According to an embodiment of the present application, further comprising: the air pressure sensor is arranged in the air pumping passage.

According to an embodiment of the present application, further comprising: the air pressure sensor is arranged in a local area in the surrounding rock, and the local area is a hole formed by punching in the surrounding rock through the sealing spray layer.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the vacuum suction head further includes: the bottom of the suction disc frame is provided with a groove, and the air pressure sensor is arranged in the groove.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the vacuum suction head further includes: the suction disc frame and the first sealing rings arranged at the bottom of the suction disc frame are arranged, and an air pumping hole is formed between at least two first sealing rings and used for pumping air in a surrounding rock gap; wherein, the air pressure sensor is arranged in the air exhaust port.

According to one embodiment of the present application, the air pressure sensor is a probe-type sensor.

According to one embodiment of the application, the air pressure sensor is a negative pressure sensor.

The air exhaust system that formation tunnel atmospheric pressure was strutted that this application first aspect embodiment provided can be so that the inside and outside surface of country rock forms pressure differential through the inside gas in automatic extraction country rock clearance, is in the negative pressure state inside the country rock promptly to can effectively strut the tunnel of newly forming through atmospheric pressure, dig before realizing, the back, technological process is simple and convenient. Through adopting the mode that the layer of spouting bleeds and forms the negative pressure, need not to adopt entry driving machine to carry formula ceiling or from moving canopy formula support, carry out temporary support to the country rock, can reduce long time consuming and promote the area that the tunnel can be strutted, satisfy the demand that the colliery tunnel was tunneled fast. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved. And moreover, by additionally arranging the air pressure sensor, the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap can be detected in real time, so that the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem can be adjusted according to the current air pressure, and the air exhaust efficiency of the roadway atmospheric pressure support is ensured.

In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of a second aspect of the present application provides an air-extracting method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway, including: spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock; the method comprises the following steps of (1) extracting gas in a surrounding rock gap from an area, which is not sprayed, on the surface of the surrounding rock by using a vacuumizing subsystem so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state, wherein a sealing spraying layer forms a temporary support in the negative pressure state; and detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap through an air pressure sensor in the air pumping process, and adjusting the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem according to the current air pressure.

In addition, the air extraction method for forming the roadway atmospheric pressure support according to the embodiment of the application can also have the following additional technical characteristics:

wherein, according to current atmospheric pressure, adjust the working parameter of vacuum subsystem, include:

and adjusting the working power of the vacuum generating device and/or the air suction quantity of the air suction passage according to the pressure difference between the current air pressure and the atmospheric pressure.

According to an embodiment of the present application, further comprising: the air exhaust passage is provided with a valve, and the method further comprises the following steps:

the air suction amount of the air suction passage is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the valve on the air suction passage.

According to one embodiment of the application, the negative pressure state is that the pressure difference between the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap and the atmospheric pressure in the newly excavated roadway is within 0 & lt P & lt 0.1 MPa.

According to an embodiment of the present application, further comprising: and when the surrounding rock is in the required negative pressure state, controlling the vacuum subsystem to stop pumping air, wherein a one-way valve in the pumping port of the vacuum suction head closes the pumping port to maintain the adsorption state of the vacuum suction head.

According to an embodiment of the present application, further comprising: and when the surrounding rock is in a required negative pressure state, adjusting the working power of the vacuum generating device and the air suction quantity of each air suction passage.

According to an embodiment of the application, in the spraying of the spray material to the newly formed roadway surface, the method further comprises: collecting an image of the surface of the surrounding rock, and acquiring a surface area with a gap according to the image; in the process of spraying the spraying material on the surface of the roadway, the surface area with gaps is avoided to form an uncoated area.

According to an embodiment of the application, when spraying the spray coating material to the tunnel surface, dodge the surface region that has the clearance, include: acquiring the gap area existing in the surface area according to the image; selecting a surface area with gaps, the gap area of which is larger than a preset threshold value, wherein the surface area with the gaps exists; wherein the preset threshold is the coverage area of the vacuum suction head; when spraying the spraying material, reserving a region with a coverage area in the selected surface region with the gap, and fully spraying the rest region.

According to one embodiment of the present application, the operating power of the vacuum generating device and the pumping amount of each pumping passage when the current air pressure is not lower than the preset air pressure region are inversely related to the current air pressure.

According to the air extraction method for forming the roadway atmospheric pressure support, provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the application, the gas in the surrounding rock gap is automatically extracted, so that the pressure difference is formed on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, namely the inside of the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, therefore, the newly formed roadway can be effectively supported through the atmospheric pressure, the front excavation and the rear support are realized, and the process flow is simple and convenient. Through adopting the mode that the layer of spouting bleeds and forms the negative pressure, need not to adopt entry driving machine to carry formula ceiling or from moving canopy formula support, carry out temporary support to the country rock, can reduce long time consuming and promote the area that the tunnel can be strutted, satisfy the demand that the colliery tunnel was tunneled fast. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved. And moreover, by additionally arranging the air pressure sensor, the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap can be detected in real time, so that the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem can be adjusted according to the current air pressure, and the air exhaust efficiency of the roadway atmospheric pressure support is ensured.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an air extraction method for forming a roadway atmospheric pressure support according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a flowchart of an air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a spatial plan view of a construction state of the air extraction method for forming the roadway atmospheric pressure support, which is disclosed in one embodiment of the application.

Fig. 5 is a spatial plan view of a construction state of an air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the application.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a vacuum head as disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a vacuum head as disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 8 is a top view of a vacuum head as disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 9 is a top view of a vacuum head as disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 10 is a flowchart of an air-extracting method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 11 is a flow chart of another air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 12 is a flow chart of another air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 13 is a flow chart of another air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application.

Figure 14 is a block diagram of an air extraction system for forming roadway barometric support as disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

1: a tunneling device; 2: a transportation device; 3: a sealing device; 4: a ventilation line; 5: a spraying device; 6: a sealing and air extraction device; 7: a vacuum generating device; 8: an anchor rod trolley; 81: a roof bolt; 82: anchor rods are arranged; 9: surrounding rocks;

01: a suction cup holder; 02: a sponge; 03: an air extraction opening; 04: a ball bearing; 05: a flexible material connecting sleeve; 06: a shaft sleeve; 07: a flange plate; 08: a seal ring; 09: a quick coupling sleeve; 010: a suction rod; 011: an air extraction passage; 012: one-way valve, 013: and (4) a groove.

Detailed Description

For a better understanding of the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application. The method for forming the support in the roadway comprises a plurality of operation circulating units, and as shown in fig. 1, each operation circulating unit comprises the following steps:

s101, tunneling at least one row distance to form a new tunnel.

In this application, tunnel to the country rock through entry driving device 1, can tunnel a row spacing at every turn, also can tunnel a plurality of row spacings at every turn, then form a new tunnel of digging.

S102, spraying the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock.

In the application, the tunneling device 1 is provided with the spraying device 5, and the spraying device 5 can spray a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock 9.

As a possible implementation mode, the adhesive property and the sealing property of the sealing spray layer need to meet preset conditions, and the sealing spray layer formed after spraying has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming support.

The spraying material is sprayed on a sealing spraying layer which can be formed on the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the wall caving can be prevented, the protection effect is achieved, and the effect similar to that of a metal mesh in anchor rod cable support can be achieved.

Optionally, the performance index of the spray material after 2 hours from the end of spraying needs to satisfy the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3MPa, bonding strength is more than 1MPa, shearing strength is more than 5MPa, and elongation is more than 60%; the compressive strength is more than 10 MPa. Further, the performance index of the spraying material at final strength needs to meet the following preset conditions: tensile strength is more than 3.5MPa, shearing strength is more than 6MPa, elongation is more than 30%, and compressive strength is more than 20 MPa.

Optionally, after the material reaction is finished after the spraying material is sprayed, the sealing spraying layer needs not to react with water, that is, the spraying material in the sealing spraying layer does not continue to expand after meeting water, and the compressive strength, the shear strength and the tensile strength need to be kept from being reduced, so that the supporting effect of the sealing spraying layer cannot be reduced due to the meeting water, and the occurrence of accidents can be avoided.

Further, the gas permeability of the layer is spouted to the sealing <100md, will make like this that the sealing spouts the in-situ too much gas that can not get into, like this when the layer forms the back negative pressure state of bleeding into, because gas permeability <100md, and then the condition that a large amount of gas reentrant sealing spouts the layer the inside can not appear, can effectively avoid disappearing of negative pressure state, can make the time of the supporting effect on sealing spout the layer as far as possible longer.

Optionally, the spraying material is an organic material, and when the spraying material is an organic material, the flash point of the spraying material is required to be greater than or equal to 200 ℃, and the oxygen index is required to be less than or equal to 35%, so that a fire disaster can be avoided, and the occurrence probability of a relatively serious safety accident is reduced. The spray material may also be an inorganic material. For environmental protection, the spray coating material needs to be a non-toxic, odorless and pollution-free material.

The temperature of the environment for using the spray coating material is generally 0-40 ℃, and optionally, the highest reaction temperature of the spray coating material is less than or equal to 90 ℃.

Optionally, the spray material also needs to have flame retardant and antistatic properties.

As another possible implementation manner, the spray material includes a first material whose viscosity property satisfies the viscosity condition and a second material whose sealing property satisfies the sealing condition, where the first material is a foam material, and the second material is an airtight thin spray material. For example, the foam material may be a polyurethane material, an airtight Thin-blown material, and a flexible support material, such as a TSL (Thin spray-on liners) Thin-blown material.

It should be noted that the above is only a specific example of the spraying material, and the present application mainly aims at protecting the supporting process, and in the present application, other spraying materials with similar functions may also be provided.

S103, extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the region, not sprayed, on the surface of the surrounding rock so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state, wherein the sealing spraying layer forms a temporary support in the negative pressure state.

In the application, when the spraying material is sprayed to the surface of the surrounding rock, an area which is not sprayed can be reserved. The uncoated area may be used to extract gas from within the surrounding rock gap. In this application, through the evacuation subsystem from the not gas in the spraying region on country rock surface extraction country rock clearance. The vacuumizing subsystem comprises a vacuum generating device, a vacuum suction head and an air suction passage for connecting the vacuum generating device and the vacuum suction head. The vacuum generating device includes, but is not limited to, a vacuum generator, a vacuum pump, etc.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the working principle of the air-extracting process is as follows: the vacuum generating device 7 is connected with the vacuum suction head 6, the vacuum suction head 6 is quickly attached to the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock, the vacuum suction head 6 and the sealing spraying layer are mutually sealed, the surface of the surrounding rock can be quickly sealed, and an air-extracting operation environment is formed. The gas in the surrounding rock is continuously pumped out by the vacuum generating device 7, and the surrounding rock and the newly-excavated roadway are separated by the high-air-tightness spraying layer, so that pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, and the supporting effect is realized.

This application can be through the inside gas in automatic extraction country rock clearance for the inside and outside surface of country rock forms pressure differential, is in negative pressure state promptly to can effectively strut the tunnel of newly forming through atmospheric pressure, dig before realizing and back, process flow is simple and convenient. Through adopting the mode that the layer of spouting bleeds and forms the negative pressure, need not to adopt entry driving machine to carry formula ceiling or from moving canopy formula support, carry out temporary support to the country rock, can reduce long time consuming and promote the area that can strut in tunnel, satisfy the demand that the colliery tunnel tunneled fast. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, so that the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of an air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, after the air-exhaust is completed, each operation cycle unit further includes the following steps:

and S104, carrying out permanent support on the anchor rod of the newly excavated roadway.

In this application, after forming sealed layer of spouting, in order to make the tunnel safer, can beat the stock through the stock platform truck to newly digging the tunnel. The anchor rod trolley can advance along with the tunneling machine, the anchor rod trolley can drive the top anchor rod at the top of the newly excavated roadway, and the upper anchor rods are driven at two sides of the newly excavated roadway to form permanent support, so that a safer mining environment is provided.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, each work cycle unit comprises the steps of:

s201, arranging a sealing device at the intersection of the roadway without supporting operation and the roadway with supporting operation, isolating the area without supporting operation from the area with supporting operation, and performing extraction type ventilation on the newly excavated roadway.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the system for forming a support in a roadway includes: the device comprises a tunneling device 1, a sealing device 3, a ventilation pipeline 4, a spraying device 5, a vacuum suction head 6 and a vacuum generating device 7. Wherein, the vacuum suction head 6 and the vacuum generating device 7 are used for forming a vacuum-pumping subsystem for pumping air from the surrounding rock gap.

And arranging a sealing device 3 at the intersection of the roadway without supporting operation and the roadway with supporting operation, wherein the sealing device 3 can isolate the area without supporting operation from the area with supporting operation, and the newly excavated roadway is subjected to extraction type ventilation through a ventilation pipeline 4.

S202, tunneling at least one row distance to form a new tunnel.

The tunnelling device 1 may be used to tunnel one or more pitches over the surrounding rock and then form a new tunnelling tunnel. Optionally, the heading device 1 includes a vehicle body, and the vehicle body is provided with a cutting part, a first mechanical arm and a second mechanical arm. Wherein, the cutting part is used for cutting the surrounding rock.

Alternatively, the ripping apparatus 1 may include a partial face ripper or a full face ripper. Wherein, the partial section heading machine can comprise a horizontal shaft type heading machine and a longitudinal shaft type heading machine.

And S203, transporting the crushed coal rocks generated by the newly-excavated roadway out.

After the tunneling device 2 tunnels, the crushed coal rocks generated in the newly tunneled road can be transported out by following the operation device 2 behind the tunneling device 2. The type of the transportation device 2 is not limited in the present application, and can be set according to actual conditions. Alternatively, the transport device 2 may employ a transport belt.

And S204, spraying the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock.

Further, the spraying device 5 sprays the spraying material to the surface of the new excavation roadway to form a high-air-tightness spraying layer. As a possible realization mode, the adhesive property and the sealing property of the spraying material need to meet preset conditions, and the sealing spraying layer formed after spraying has tensile strength and toughness and is used for forming a support.

Optionally, the spraying device 5 is arranged on the first mechanical arm, and the first mechanical arm can control the spraying device 5 to spray the spraying material on the roadway surface of the newly excavated roadway to form a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock.

Alternatively, the spray coating device 5 includes: the spraying device comprises a mechanical arm, a spraying assembly and a driving assembly. The robot is provided on a vehicle body, which may be a vehicle body of the boring device or a vehicle body of the painting device, that is, the painting device may be mounted on the boring device or may be an independent device.

The spraying end of the spraying component is connected with the mechanical arm.

The drive assembly sets up on the automobile body, and drive assembly is connected with the arm, and drive assembly drive arm action is in order to drive the spraying end with the spraying material spraying to the tunnel surface in new tunnel of digging, form sealed layer of spouting.

Optionally, the spraying assembly comprises a spray head, a storage area for storing spraying materials, pumping equipment, and a material conveying pipeline connecting the storage area and the spray head. The nozzle is the spraying end of the spraying component and is connected with the mechanical arm.

The pumping equipment is used for pumping the spraying material in the material storage area into the material conveying pipeline and conveying the spraying material to the spray head for spraying.

In the application, the pumping equipment and the storage area are optionally fixedly carried in or on a vehicle body of the tunneling device; alternatively, if the spray coating device is a separate device, it may also be carried within the body of the spray coating device. One end of the material conveying pipeline is connected with the spray head, and the other end of the material conveying pipeline is connected with a discharge hole of the material storage area. Optionally, the material conveying pipeline can be arranged independently, and one end connected with the spraying can be arranged in the mechanical arm and penetrates through the mechanical arm to be connected with the spray head.

Furthermore, the spray head is connected with the mechanical arm through a rotating part, and the spray head can rotate around the mechanical arm in any direction through the rotating part.

Further, the spray head has one or more spray nozzles, and the spray direction of the plurality of spray nozzles is different.

In the spraying process, the spraying device can collect the spraying quality of the area to be sprayed, and the spraying angle is adjusted according to the spraying quality. For example, the spraying quality may include that the effect of the spray head is the unevenness of the spray head, and in order to enable the spraying of the surrounding rock surface to be uniform, the spraying angle needs to be adjusted according to the current actual spraying quality.

When a spray unevenness or a missing spray position is detected, it is optionally possible to rotate a rotary member by which the nozzle head of the spray device is adjusted to a spray angle toward the unevenness or missing spray and then spray. Or determining the spray openings facing the positions with uneven spraying or missed spraying, controlling the spray openings facing the positions to be opened, and controlling the spray openings facing the positions to be closed in other directions, and then spraying.

S205, extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the region, not coated, on the surface of the surrounding rock so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state, wherein the sealing coating forms a temporary support in the negative pressure state.

Furthermore, the vacuum generating device 7 and the vacuum suction head 6 are matched to realize air suction of the gas inside the surrounding rock 9, so that pressure difference is formed on the surface of the roadway, and the maximum pressure can reach 1 atmospheric pressure, namely 0.1MPa, so that active supporting of the surrounding rock 9 of the roadway is realized.

The working principle of the air extraction process is as follows: the vacuum generating device 7 is connected with the vacuum suction head 6, and the vacuum suction head 6 can be lifted to the reserved non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock through a mechanical arm on the vehicle body. The vacuum suction head 6 is attached to the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock to form an air-extracting working environment. The vacuum suction head 6 is quickly attached to the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock, the vacuum suction head 6 and the sealing spraying layer are mutually sealed, the surface of the surrounding rock can be quickly sealed, and an air pumping operation environment is formed. The gas in the surrounding rock is continuously pumped out by the vacuum generating device 7, and the surrounding rock and the newly-excavated roadway are separated by the high-air-tightness spraying layer, so that pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, and the supporting effect is realized.

Regarding the implementation of the vacuum suction head 6 and the process of vacuum pumping, reference may be made to the description related to the embodiments of fig. 6 to 9 below.

And S206, carrying out permanent support on the newly excavated roadway bolting rod.

In this application, after forming sealed layer of spouting, in order to make the tunnel safer, can beat the stock through stock platform truck 8 to newly digging the tunnel. The anchor rod trolley 8 can advance along with the tunneling device 1, the anchor rod trolley 8 can be used for driving an anchor rod on the top of a newly excavated roadway, and anchor rods on the upper sides of the newly excavated roadway are driven to form permanent support.

This application can be through the inside gas in automatic extraction country rock clearance for the inside and outside surface of country rock forms pressure differential, is in negative pressure state promptly to can effectively strut the tunnel of newly forming through atmospheric pressure, dig before realizing and back, process flow is simple and convenient. Through adopting the mode that the layer of spouting bleeds and forms the negative pressure, need not to adopt entry driving machine to carry formula ceiling or from moving canopy formula support, carry out temporary support to the country rock, can reduce long time consuming and promote the area that can strut in tunnel, satisfy the demand that the colliery tunnel tunneled fast. In addition, the roadway is supported without a manual carrying mode, so that the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved. Furthermore, a permanent support is formed on the roadway in an anchor rod drilling mode, and a safer working environment for coal mining is provided.

The vacuum suction head provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a vacuum head disclosed in one embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 6, the vacuum head may include: the suction cup frame 01, the first sealing ring 02 arranged at the bottom of the suction cup frame 01, the air suction rod 010 penetrating through the suction cup frame 01, the air suction passage 011 arranged in the air suction rod 010, the quick connector 09 sleeved at the top end of the air suction rod 010, and the check valve 012 arranged in the air suction passage 011 of the air suction rod 010.

The air pumping rod 010 is used for punching on the surface of the surrounding rock and stopping punching after the hole is punched to the air pumping depth.

The air extraction passage 011 is used for extracting air in the surrounding rock and adsorbing the suction cup frame 01 on the surface of the surrounding rock.

And the quick connector 09 is used for quickly connecting and disconnecting with an air pumping pipeline connected with the vacuum generating device.

The check valve 012 is configured to close the air suction passage 011, and maintain the suction state of the chuck holder 01 when the quick coupling 09 is disconnected from the air suction line of the vacuum generator.

In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the first sealing ring 02 may be a sponge ring or a silicone rubber ring. The first sealing ring 02 may be glued to the suction cup holder 01. Through set up first sealing washer 02 in the bottom of sucking disc frame 01, can realize that sucking disc frame 01 closely attaches on the country rock surface.

The bonding refers to a process of joining two bonding members, such as the first seal ring 02 and the suction cup holder 01, by using a mechanical bonding force, a physical adsorption force and a chemical bonding force generated by an adhesive on a joint surface. Wherein, the cementing not only is applicable to the homogeneous material, also is applicable to the xenogenesis material, can promote the suitability. Moreover, the bonding process is simple and convenient, complex process equipment is not needed, and the bonding operation is not needed to be carried out at high temperature and high pressure, so that the bonding part is not easy to deform, and the stress distribution of the joint is uniform. In general, a glued joint also has good sealing, electrical insulation and corrosion resistance.

In the embodiment of this application, the vacuum suction head is attached on the wall rock surface, extract the inside gas of wall rock through pumping channel 011, can produce pressure differential in the both sides of sucking disc frame 01, under the effect of atmospheric pressure, first sealing washer 02, for example, the sponge circle is compressed, make sucking disc frame 01 closely attached on the wall rock surface, thereby the clearance between sealed sucking disc frame 01 and the wall rock surface, then, continue to pass through pumping channel 011, constantly take the inside gas of wall rock out, thereby produce pressure differential at the wall rock surface inside and outside surface, effectively strut the wall rock surface through atmospheric pressure.

In the embodiment of the present application, the quick coupling 09 is used for quick connection and quick disconnection with the air pumping pipeline of the vacuum generating device. Wherein, the air extraction pipeline is used for connecting the vacuum generating device and the vacuum suction head. For example, when the evacuation subsystem is used to evacuate the gas inside the surrounding rock, the quick connector 09 can be quickly connected to the air extraction pipe connected to the vacuum generation device, and when the evacuation of the gas inside the surrounding rock is stopped, the quick connector 09 can be quickly disconnected from the air extraction pipe connected to the vacuum generation device, so as to maintain the adsorption state of the suction cup holder 01.

In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the quick connector 09 may be a connector parent body, and a connector sub-body is disposed on the air exhaust pipeline connected to the vacuum generating device, and is used for performing quick connection and quick disconnection with the connector parent body.

In another possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the quick connector 09 may be a connector sub-body, and a connector parent body is disposed on the air exhaust pipeline connected to the vacuum generating device, and is used for performing quick connection and quick disconnection with the connector sub-body.

In the embodiment of the present application, after the air pumping through the air pumping passage 011 is completed, the check valve 012 provided in the air pumping passage 011 of the air pumping rod 010 can close the air pumping passage 011 and maintain the adsorption state of the suction cup holder 01, thereby ensuring that the inside of the surrounding rock maintains the negative pressure state, and the surface of the surrounding rock is continuously and effectively supported by the atmospheric pressure.

In the embodiment of the application, when beginning to bleed, quick-operation joint 09 can carry out the high-speed joint with the exhaust line that vacuum generator connected, then absorb the inside gas of country rock through pumping channel 011, after vacuum generator absorbs the air in the suction cup frame 01 coverage area, can produce pressure differential in suction cup frame 01's both sides, under the effect of atmospheric pressure, first sealing washer 02, for example, the sponge ring is compressed, make suction cup frame 01 closely attached on the country rock surface, thereby seal the clearance between suction cup frame 01 and the country rock surface, then, continue to bleed through vacuum generator, constantly take out the inside gas of country rock, thereby produce pressure differential at the inside and outside surface of country rock surface, realize the effect of strutting. When air extraction is stopped, the quick connector 09 can be quickly disconnected from an air extraction pipeline connected with the vacuum generation device, the air extraction passage 011 is closed through the check valve 012 in the air extraction passage 011, and the adsorption state of the suction cup frame is maintained, so that continuous and effective support on the surface of the surrounding rock is realized.

That is to say, the vacuum suction head has a closed structure, and when the vacuum pumping subsystem maintains negative pressure balance in the surrounding rock through pumping, the pumping passage 011 can be closed through the check valve 012 in the pumping passage 011, so as to realize continuous and effective support of the surface of the surrounding rock. The temporary support continues to move forward along with the heading machine, the vacuum suction head continues to be adsorbed on the surface of the surrounding rock, the air suction passage 011 is closed by the one-way valve 012, and the negative pressure inside the surrounding rock is ensured to be in a holding state so as to continuously and effectively support the surface of the surrounding rock through atmospheric pressure. After the anchor rod machine finishes driving the anchor rod, the vacuum suction head can be taken down for recycling. Therefore, the vacuum suction head can be connected with the suction pipeline connected with the vacuum generating device in a pluggable manner, and the newly formed roadway surface, namely the surrounding rock surface can be effectively supported. In addition, the vacuum suction head can be repeatedly used, and the supportable area can be further increased.

The vacuum suction head of the embodiment of the application can automatically extract the gas inside the surrounding rock through the air extraction passage 011, so that the pressure difference is formed between the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, namely the inside of the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, and the surface of the surrounding rock can be effectively supported through atmospheric pressure. Through check valve 012, seal air exhaust passageway 011, when the extraction line that quick-operation joint 09 and vacuum generating device are connected breaks off, maintain the adsorption state of suction disc frame, can realize lasting and effectively strutting the country rock surface. And the temporary support of the surface of the surrounding rock is carried out without adopting a machine-mounted ceiling or a self-moving ceiling type support of the development machine, so that the time consumption is reduced, the supportable area of the surface of the surrounding rock is increased, and the requirement of rapid development of a coal mine tunnel is met. In addition, the mode of manual handling is not needed, the surface of the surrounding rock is supported, the manual labor intensity can be reduced, and the supporting efficiency is improved.

In a possible implementation manner of the application, the number of the vacuum suction heads may be 1, or may be multiple, and when the number of the vacuum suction heads is multiple, the supportable area of the surface of the surrounding rock may be further increased.

The working principle of the air extraction process of the above embodiment of the application is as follows: the vacuum suction head is connected with the vacuum suction head through the vacuum generating device and attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, and gas inside the surrounding rock is absorbed through the air suction passage 011 inside the air suction rod 010. When the vacuum generating device absorbs the air in the coverage area of the sucker frame 01, pressure difference can be generated on two sides of the sucker frame 01, and under the action of atmospheric pressure, the first sealing ring 02, such as a sponge ring, is compressed to enable the sucker frame 01 to be closely attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the gap between the sucker frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock is sealed, then air is continuously pumped out through the vacuum generating device, the air inside the surrounding rock is continuously pumped out, and the pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, so that the supporting effect is realized.

In order to clearly illustrate the above embodiment, this embodiment provides another vacuum head, and fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the vacuum head disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

As shown in fig. 7, the vacuum head may further include: and a ball bearing 04.

Wherein, the ball bearing 04 is arranged at the central position in the suction cup frame 01, and the ball bearing 04 is connected with the air pumping rod 010.

The ball bearing is one of rolling bearings, and ball balls are arranged between the inner steel ring and the outer steel ring and can bear larger load.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 7, the vacuum head may further include: a flexible material connecting sleeve 05, a shaft sleeve 06 and a flange plate 07.

Wherein, the flange plate 07 is fixed on the top of the suction cup frame 01.

The flexible material connecting sleeve 05 is clamped between the flange plate 07 and the sucker frame 01.

The shaft sleeve 06 is sleeved on the air pumping rod 010 and connected with the flexible material connecting sleeve 05.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the flange plate 07 may be connected to the suction cup holder 01 by screws, and a flexible material connecting sleeve 05 is disposed between the flange plate 07 and the suction cup holder 01.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 7, the number of the first sealing rings 02 is at least two, for example, the number of the first sealing rings 02 may be 4, 6, 8, and so on. Fig. 7 illustrates only the number of the first seal rings 02 as 4.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 7, an air suction port 03 is disposed between at least two first seal rings 02 of the suction cup holder 01, for example, the air suction port 03 may be disposed between adjacent first seal rings 02, and air in a gap between the suction cup holder 01 and a surface of a surrounding rock is sucked through the air suction port 03, so that the suction cup holder 01 is tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, a check valve may be disposed in the air suction port 03 to close the air suction port 03 and maintain the suction state of the chuck holder 01.

Specifically, after air exhaust through the air exhaust port 03 is finished, the one-way valve arranged in the air exhaust port 03 can seal the air exhaust port 03 and maintain the adsorption state of the suction cup holder 01, so that the negative pressure state inside the surrounding rock is maintained, and the surface of the surrounding rock is continuously and effectively supported through atmospheric pressure.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the pumping port 03 may be an annular space pumping port.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, an air hole may be disposed between at least two first sealing rings 02 on the suction cup holder 01, and is used for exhausting air in a gap between the suction cup holder 01 and a surface of a surrounding rock, so as to further maintain the suction cup holder 01 to be tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, a second sealing ring may be further interposed between the shaft sleeve 06 and the air pumping rod 010 to achieve the sealing connection between the shaft sleeve 06 and the air pumping rod 010.

Further, in another possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, a shaft sleeve hole may be further disposed on the inner side of the shaft sleeve 06, and a second sealing ring is disposed in the shaft sleeve hole to achieve the sealing connection between the shaft sleeve 06 and the suction rod 010.

It should be noted that fig. 7 is only illustrated that the second seal ring 08 is disposed in the shaft sleeve hole, and in practical applications, it is not necessary to dispose the shaft sleeve hole inside the shaft sleeve 06, and the second seal ring 08 is further disposed in the shaft sleeve hole, for example, the second seal ring 08 may be directly interposed between the shaft sleeve 06 and the suction rod 010, which is not limited in the present application. Therefore, the shaft sleeve 06 can be hermetically connected with the air pumping rod 010 in various modes, and the applicability of the vacuum suction head can be improved.

Further, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the air suction port 03 may also be provided with a quick coupling for quick connection and quick disconnection with an air suction pipeline connected to the vacuum generating device.

Specifically, the vacuumizing subsystem can absorb gas in a gap between the suction cup frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock through the air pumping port 03, and the vacuum generating device can also absorb gas in the surrounding rock through the air pumping passage 011 in the air pumping rod 010. After the vacuum generating device absorbs the air in the coverage area of the sucker frame 01, namely the vacuum generating device absorbs the air in the gap between the sucker frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock and absorbs the air in the surrounding rock, pressure difference can be generated on two sides of the sucker frame 01, and under the action of atmospheric pressure, the first sealing ring 02 such as a sponge ring is compressed to enable the sucker frame 01 to be tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the gap between the sucker frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock is sealed, then, air is continuously pumped through the vacuum generating device, the air in the gap of the surrounding rock is continuously pumped out, so that the pressure difference is generated on the inner surface and the outer surface of the surrounding rock, and the supporting effect is realized.

That is, the vacuum head has a closed structure, when the vacuum generating device finishes pumping the gas in the gap between the suction cup frame 01 and the surface of the surrounding rock, and when the vacuum pumping subsystem maintains the negative pressure balance in the surrounding rock through pumping, the pumping port 03 of the vacuum head can be closed through the one-way valve in the pumping port 03, and the pumping passage 011 is closed through the one-way valve 012 in the pumping passage 011, so as to realize continuous and effective support of the surface of the surrounding rock. The temporary support continues to move forward along with the development machine, the vacuum suction head continues to be adsorbed on the surface of the surrounding rock, the air suction port 03 and the air suction passage 011 are sealed by the one-way valve, the negative pressure inside the surrounding rock is ensured to be in a holding state, and the surface of the surrounding rock is continuously and effectively supported through atmospheric pressure. After the anchor rod machine finishes driving the anchor rod, the vacuum suction head can be taken down for recycling. Therefore, the vacuum suction head can be connected with the suction pipeline connected with the vacuum generating device in a pluggable manner, and the newly formed roadway surface, namely the surrounding rock surface can be effectively supported. In addition, the vacuum suction head can be repeatedly used, and the supportable area can be further increased.

In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the suction cup holder 01 may be a circle, or the shape of the suction cup holder 01 may also be a rectangle, which is not limited in the present application.

As an example, when the suction cup holder 01 has a circular shape, referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a plan view of a vacuum suction head disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

As another example, when the suction cup holder 01 has a rectangular shape, referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a top view of a vacuum suction head disclosed in one embodiment of the present application.

In the above embodiment, the air-extracting process may adopt the process a, or may also adopt the process B, which is not limited in this application embodiment.

Wherein the process A comprises the following steps: the vacuum generating device 7 is connected with an air pumping passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 6, air in cracks on the surface of the surrounding rock is pumped out by the vacuum generating device 7, so that the surface of the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, a pressure difference P is formed on the surface of the surrounding rock at the shallow part, wherein P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1MPa, and an active temporary supporting effect is formed. The vacuum generating device 7 is always connected with the air exhaust passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 6 in the process, and air is continuously exhausted until the construction is finished.

The process B comprises the following steps: the vacuum generating device 7 is connected with an air pumping passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 6, air in cracks on the surface of the surrounding rock is pumped out by the vacuum generating device 7, so that the surface of the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, a pressure difference P is formed on the surface of the surrounding rock at the shallow part, wherein P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1MPa, and an active temporary supporting effect is formed. In the process, when P is 0.1MPa, the vacuum generator 7 is disconnected from the vacuum suction head 6, that is, the suction line connected to the vacuum generator 7 is quickly disconnected from the quick connector 09, and the check valve 012 in the vacuum suction head 7 is used to maintain the pressure difference until the construction is finished.

On the basis of the above embodiment, in the air extraction process, as the gas in the surrounding rock gap becomes less, if the air is extracted according to the same working power or extraction amount, the air extraction time length is inevitably prolonged. In order to improve the air extraction efficiency, the working parameters of the vacuum-pumping subsystem can be adjusted in the air extraction process.

Fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of an air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 10, the air extraction method for forming the atmospheric pressure support of the roadway provided by the application comprises the following steps:

s301, spraying the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock.

S302, gas in the surrounding rock gap is extracted from the region, not sprayed, on the surface of the surrounding rock by the vacuumizing subsystem, so that the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, and the sealing spraying layer forms a temporary support in the negative pressure state.

And S303, detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap through an air pressure sensor in the air extraction process, and adjusting the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem according to the current air pressure.

In the embodiment of the application, the spraying device 5 can be controlled to spray the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock 9, and then the vacuum generating device 7 is adopted to extract the gas in the gap of the surrounding rock from the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock 9 so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state. In this case, the sealing spray layer forms an active temporary support under the negative pressure state. Wherein the negative pressure state is that the pressure difference between the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap and the atmospheric pressure in the newly-excavated roadway is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 MPa.

Furthermore, the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap is detected through an air pressure sensor in the air exhaust process, and the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem are adjusted according to the current air pressure. Optionally, the working power of the vacuum generating device 7 in the vacuum-pumping subsystem is adjusted according to the difference between the current air pressure and the previous atmospheric pressure.

Furthermore, each vacuum suction head corresponds to one suction pipeline. The vacuum suction head is connected with the vacuum generating device through the air suction pipeline. The valve is arranged on each air suction pipeline in the application, the valve on each air suction pipeline can be called as a valve group, optionally, the opening degree of each valve in the valve group can be adjusted, and the air suction quantity of each air suction pipeline can be adjusted. Optionally, according to a difference between the current air pressure and the atmospheric pressure, the air extraction amount can be determined, so that the opening degree of the valve corresponding to the required air extraction amount can be queried, and the corresponding valve is adjusted according to the opening degree, so that the adjustment of the air extraction amount is realized.

When the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap is not lower than the preset air pressure threshold, the working power of the vacuum generating device 7 and the air extraction amount of each air extraction passage are in negative correlation with the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap, wherein the preset air pressure threshold can be set according to actual requirements.

When the air suction process adopts the process A, the vacuum generating device 7 is always connected with the air suction passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 6 when the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, and air is continuously sucked until the construction is finished.

The air extraction process can adopt the following steps: the vacuum generating device 7 is connected with an air pumping passage 011 of the vacuum suction head 6, air in cracks on the surface of the surrounding rock is pumped out by the vacuum generating device 7, so that the surface of the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, a pressure difference P is formed on the surface of the surrounding rock at the shallow part, wherein P is more than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1MPa, and an active temporary supporting effect is formed. When the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, for example, when P is 0.1MPa, the vacuum generator 7 is disconnected from the vacuum suction head 6, that is, the suction line connected to the vacuum generator 7 is quickly disconnected from the quick coupling 09, and the suction state of the vacuum suction head 6 is maintained until the construction is finished by maintaining the differential pressure by the check valve 012 in the vacuum suction head 7.

In the embodiment of the application, the air pressure sensor is arranged in the vacuum suction head 6, and the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in the air suction process can be detected through the air pressure sensor arranged at different positions. Alternatively, the air pressure sensor may be provided in the suction passage 011 of the vacuum head; optionally, the air pressure sensor is arranged in a local area in the surrounding rock, and the local area is formed by punching holes in the surrounding rock through the sealing spray layer. It should be noted that the air pressure sensor is disposed in the local area of the hole after the hole is punched, and the hole needs to be sealed on the surface of the surrounding rock.

Alternatively, the air pressure sensor may be disposed in a groove 013 disposed at the bottom of the suction cup holder 01; alternatively, an air pressure sensor may be provided in the suction port 03. Among them, the air pressure sensor may be a probe type sensor, and a negative pressure sensor is required.

When the air pressure sensor is disposed in the air suction port 03, the air pressure sensor is a probe-type sensor that can be inserted into the gap between the surrounding rocks 9. The probe-type sensor is disposed in an inner edge or a partial region of the suction port 03.

The application also comprises a controller (the system diagram formed by the support in the application is not shown in the drawing) for controlling the vacuumizing subsystem to perform air suction and adjusting the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem according to the current pressure.

In this application, through addding baroceptor, can real-time detection the current atmospheric pressure in the country rock clearance, and then can adjust the operating parameter of evacuation subsystem at the in-process of bleeding, adjust vacuum generator's operating power and/or each exhaust line's the air exhaust volume in a flexible way, and then can the efficient accomplish the process of bleeding, reduce and form the required time of temporary support.

As a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 11, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in the foregoing step, a process of spraying the spray material on the newly formed roadway surface specifically includes the following steps:

s401, collecting images of the surface of the surrounding rock, and acquiring a surface area with gaps according to the images.

The image sensor is arranged in the application, for example, an infrared camera and the like, and the image sensor can be controlled to collect the image of the surface of the surrounding rock through a button or a voice command. The image sensor can acquire the image in real time or periodically, and the period can be set according to actual conditions. Alternatively, an image of the surface of the surrounding rock may be acquired by an image sensor.

Further, it is possible to identify a region in which a gap exists from the acquired image, and acquire a surface region in which a gap exists.

S402, in the process of spraying the spraying material on the surface of the roadway, avoiding the surface area with the gap to form an un-sprayed area.

The spraying angle of the spraying device needs to be controlled during the spraying process to avoid the surface area. Alternatively, the spraying of the spraying device may be avoided from the surface area by driving a rotating member in the spraying device to rotate, or the nozzle facing the surface area may be determined, and the nozzle facing the surface area may be controlled to be closed and the nozzles in the other directions may be opened, and then the spraying may be performed. The image acquisition can be carried out in the spraying process, and then the angle is adjusted in real time according to the spraying process so as to avoid the surface area with the gap, thereby forming the non-spraying area.

As a possible implementation manner, as shown in fig. 12, on the basis of the above embodiment, when the spray material is sprayed on the surface of the roadway in the step S402, the process of avoiding the surface area with the gap specifically includes the following steps:

and S501, acquiring the gap area in the surface area according to the image.

Alternatively, after acquiring the image of the surface of the surrounding rock and acquiring the surface region where the gap exists, the gap area existing in the surface region may be acquired.

The specific manner of obtaining the gap area existing in the surface region according to the acquired image of the surface of the surrounding rock is not limited in the present application. For example, each contour angular point of the surface region with the gap may be acquired, and a high-precision instrument is used to assist in positioning and acquiring coordinates of each angular point during the acquisition process, so as to further achieve acquisition of the gap area in the surface region.

S502, selecting a surface area with gaps, wherein the gap area is larger than a preset threshold value.

The preset threshold is the coverage area of the vacuum suction head.

S503, reserving a region with a coverage area in the selected surface region with the gap when spraying the spraying material, and fully spraying the rest region.

Optionally, after the clearance surface value is obtained, the clearance area may be compared with a preset threshold, if the clearance area is greater than the preset threshold, when spraying the spraying material, the required spraying area is avoided, and the clearance greater than the threshold is all sprayed; if the gap area is smaller than or equal to the preset threshold value, the surface area does not need to be avoided when the spraying material is sprayed. That is, the surface area of the gap area smaller than or equal to the coverage area is directly sprayed without forming a reserved non-spraying area on the surface area.

In practical application, the problem that the spraying of the sealing spraying layer is not uniform or the spraying is missed can be solved, and after the sealing spraying layer is formed, the spraying quality of the sealing spraying layer can be detected.

Fig. 13 is a schematic flow chart of an air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 13, the air extraction method for forming the atmospheric pressure support of the roadway provided by the application comprises the following steps:

s601, judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement;

and S602, if the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement, performing supplementary spraying on the spray area which does not meet the support requirement.

In the embodiment of the application, the spraying device 1 can be controlled to spray the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock. Further, in order to ensure the spraying effect, after the spraying material is sprayed on the newly formed roadway surface, the sealing spraying layer can be detected, and if the sealing spraying layer meets the supporting requirement, the spraying can be stopped; and if the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement, performing supplementary spraying or grouting treatment on the spraying area which does not meet the support requirement.

It should be noted that, the judgment basis of whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement is not limited, and the judgment basis can be set according to the actual situation. For example, the thickness of the seal coat layer, the presence or absence of an abnormal coating region, the presence or absence of a change in the air pressure in the detected region, and the like can be used as criteria for determination.

This application, after spraying the spray material to the newly-formed tunnel surface, can satisfy the requirement of strutting through the sealed layer of spouting of dynamic judgement, under the condition that does not satisfy the requirement of strutting, can supply spraying or slip casting to handle, ensure the spraying effect on sealed layer of spouting then, make the whole sealing performance on sealed layer of spouting satisfy and strut the requirement, avoided because of the sealed layer of spouting there is the regional emergence that leads to the incident that does not satisfy the requirement of strutting, promoted tunnel support efficiency.

When trying to determine whether the sealing spray layer meets the support requirement, the thickness of the sealing spray layer, whether a spraying abnormal area exists, whether the air pressure in the detected area changes, and the like can be used as the basis for determination.

The following explains the judgment process of whether the sealing spray layer meets the support requirement or not, with respect to the judgment criterion of whether the thickness of the sealing spray layer, the existence of the abnormal spray area or not, and the change of the air pressure of the detected area.

As a possible implementation manner, on the basis of the above embodiment, the thicknesses of the surface of the surrounding rock before and after spraying are respectively collected through computer vision or three-dimensional laser scanning, the thickness difference before and after spraying is compared to obtain the thickness of the sealing spraying layer, the thickness of the sealing spraying layer is compared with a preset thickness threshold, and if the thickness of the sealing spraying layer is lower than the thickness threshold, it is determined that the sealing spraying layer does not meet the support requirement.

Optionally, images of the surface of the surrounding rock before and after spraying may be acquired by an image sensor such as a camera, and then the acquired images are sent to a computer for image processing, so as to acquire the thickness of the surface of the surrounding rock before and after spraying.

Optionally, the three-dimensional model of the surrounding rock surface before and after spraying, and various drawing data such as lines, surfaces, bodies and the like can be quickly reconstructed by recording information such as three-dimensional coordinates, reflectivity, texture and the like of a large number of dense points on the surrounding rock surface before and after spraying through three-dimensional laser scanning and based on a laser ranging principle, so that the thickness of the surrounding rock surface before and after spraying can be obtained.

Optionally, the obtained thickness of the sealing spray layer may be compared with a preset thickness threshold, and if it is identified that the thickness of the sealing spray layer is lower than the thickness threshold, it is determined that the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement; and if the thickness of the sealing spray layer is identified to be higher than or equal to the thickness threshold value, determining that the sealing spray layer meets the support requirement.

As a possible implementation manner, on the basis of the above embodiment, whether the abnormal spraying region exists is identified by computer vision or three-dimensional laser scanning, where the abnormal spraying region includes an un-sprayed region and a sprayed irregular region.

In the embodiment of the application, the rgb (red Green blue) mode image of the seal spraying layer can be acquired through computer vision or three-dimensional laser scanning. Alternatively, the RGB mode image of the seal-spray layer may be captured by an image sensor such as a color camera, and then the captured image may be sent to a computer for image processing. Optionally, the three-dimensional model of the sealing spray layer and various drawing data such as lines, surfaces and volumes can be quickly reconstructed by three-dimensional laser scanning and recording information such as three-dimensional coordinates, reflectivity and texture of a large number of dense points on the surface of the sealing spray layer based on a laser ranging principle, so as to obtain an RGB mode image of the sealing spray layer.

Further, whether a spraying abnormal area exists in the sealed spraying layer can be identified according to the RGB mode image of the sealed spraying layer, wherein the spraying abnormal area comprises an un-spraying area and a spraying concave-convex area.

As a possible implementation, since the RGB values of the normal painted area and the unpainted area are different in general; the RGB values in the concave-convex area are inconsistent, so that the identification can be carried out based on the RGB values of the pixel points of the image.

Optionally, an RGB mode image of the sprayed front surrounding rock surface may be obtained, the total number of points with consistent RGB values of the pixel points in the image is determined according to the RGB mode image of the sealed sprayed layer and the RGB mode image of the sprayed front surrounding rock surface, and when it is recognized that the total number of points with consistent RGB values is greater than a preset number, it is determined that the sealed sprayed layer includes an uncoated area.

Alternatively, it may be identified whether a spray relief region is included in the sealing spray layer. Alternatively, whether the seal-sprayed layer includes the sprayed concave-convex area may be identified according to the RGB pattern image of the seal-sprayed layer. For example, the RGB values of the pixels in the RGB mode image obtained from the seal spraying layer are changed from a to B, and then from B to a or C, so that the seal spraying layer includes a spraying concave-convex region.

And if the abnormal spraying area exists, identifying whether the shape of the abnormal spraying area is a set shape. The abnormal spraying area with the set shape is an area which is reserved on the surface of the surrounding rock and is not sprayed.

Optionally, after the spraying abnormal area is identified, comparing the shape of the spraying abnormal area with a set shape, and if the shape of the spraying abnormal area is identified to be consistent with the set shape, determining that the sealing spraying layer meets the support requirement; and otherwise, if the spraying abnormal area with the non-set shape exists, determining that the sealing spraying layer does not meet the supporting requirement.

As a possible implementation manner, the method includes performing partition vacuum detection on the sealing spray layer to obtain the air pressure of the detected area, wherein the judgment is made as to whether the air pressure of the detected area changes. In this embodiment, the sealing spray layer may be divided into regions, and vacuum detection may be performed on each region. Optionally, a corresponding vacuum hood or other related apparatus may be provided for each partition, so as to completely cover the surface partition of the sealing spray layer. Further, the air pressure of the detected area can be acquired by a preset air pressure sensor.

And secondly, if the air pressure of the detected area changes, determining that the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement.

Optionally, after the air pressure of the detected area is obtained, whether the air pressure of each detected area changes or not can be identified, and if the air pressure of the detected area changes, it is determined that the sealing spray layer does not meet the support requirement; and if the air pressure of the detected area is identified to be unchanged, determining that the sealing spray layer meets the support requirement.

Further, after the sealing spray layer is determined not to meet the support requirement, repairing can be carried out through modes of supplementary spraying or grouting treatment and the like until the spraying effect of the sealing spray layer meets the requirement.

Further, the air leakage of the detected area can be determined according to the air pressure change condition of the detected area, and the supplementary spraying or grouting treatment can be performed on the detected area according to the air leakage.

Optionally, a spraying area which does not meet the support requirement can be further identified according to the acquired image, then the position of the spraying area which does not meet the support requirement in the image is determined by combining the posture data of the camera, the position information of the surrounding rock of the spraying area which does not meet the support requirement is further determined, the spraying angle of the spraying device is adjusted according to the position information, and then the spraying device sprays the spraying material to the spraying area which does not meet the support requirement according to the spraying angle, so that the supplementary spraying of the area is realized.

Alternatively, the spray head of the spraying device may be adjusted to a spraying angle toward the spraying area that does not satisfy the timbering requirement by driving the rotating member to rotate, and then spraying may be performed. Or determining the spray opening facing the spraying area which does not meet the support requirement, controlling the spray openings facing the positions to be opened, and controlling the spray openings in other directions to be closed, and then spraying.

Therefore, the thickness of the sealing spray layer, whether the abnormal spraying area exists, whether the air pressure of the detected area changes and the like are used as judgment bases, so that the sealing spray layer can be judged whether to meet the support requirement through various different modes, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the judgment result whether to meet the support requirement of the sealing spray layer are ensured. Furthermore, when the sealing spray layer is identified to not meet the supporting requirement, the area which does not meet the supporting requirement is subjected to supplementary spraying or grouting treatment, the condition that whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not, and the area which does not meet the supporting requirement and is not detected due to inaccurate judgment result of the sealing spray layer is avoided, the supporting requirement can be met through the whole sealing spray layer, and the roadway supporting efficiency is further improved.

Figure 14 is an embodiment of the application discloses an air extraction system for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support. As shown in fig. 14, the air extraction system 1000 for forming the roadway atmospheric pressure support comprises: a spray coating device 5, a vacuum pumping subsystem 120, a gas pressure sensor 130, and a controller 140.

And the spraying device 5 is used for spraying the spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock.

And the vacuumizing subsystem 120 is used for extracting gas in the surrounding rock gap from the non-spraying area on the surface of the surrounding rock so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state, wherein the sealing spraying layer forms a temporary support in the negative pressure state.

And the air pressure sensor 130 is used for detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in the air suction process.

And the controller 140 is used for controlling the vacuum-pumping subsystem to pump air and adjusting the working parameters of the vacuum-pumping subsystem according to the current air pressure.

Further, the vacuum-pumping subsystem 120 includes a vacuum generating device 7, at least one vacuum-pumping head 6, and a pumping pipeline of each vacuum-pumping head, wherein the vacuum generating device 7 is connected to the vacuum-pumping head 6 through the pumping pipeline, the vacuum-pumping head is adsorbed on the non-spraying area, and the vacuum-pumping head is used for sealing the sealing spraying layer.

The controller 140 is further configured to adjust the operating power of the vacuum generator and the air pumping amount of each air pumping line.

Further, the vacuum suction head 6 includes an air suction passage 011, and the air pressure sensor 130 is disposed in the air suction passage 011.

Further, the air pressure sensor 130 is disposed in a local area inside the surrounding rock, and the local area is formed by punching holes in the surrounding rock through the sealing spray layer.

Further, the vacuum suction head 6 further includes: the sucking disc frame 01, the bottom of sucking disc frame 01 is provided with recess 013, and baroceptor 130 is established in recess 013.

Further, the vacuum suction head 6 further includes: the suction cup frame 01 and the first sealing rings 02 arranged at the bottom of the suction cup frame 01 are arranged, and an air pumping hole 03 is formed between at least two first sealing rings 02 and used for pumping air in a surrounding rock gap;

wherein, the air pressure sensor 130 is arranged in the air exhaust opening.

Further, the air pressure sensor 130 is a probe type sensor.

Further, the air pressure sensor 130 is a negative pressure sensor.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the present application.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An air exhaust system for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support, comprising:

the spraying device is used for spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface so as to form a sealed spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock;

the vacuumizing subsystem is used for extracting gas in a surrounding rock gap from an area, which is not sprayed on the surface of the surrounding rock, so that the surrounding rock is in a negative pressure state, wherein the sealing spraying layer forms a temporary support in the negative pressure state;

the air pressure sensor is used for detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap in the air extraction process;

and the controller is used for controlling the vacuumizing subsystem to exhaust air and adjusting the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem according to the current air pressure.

2. The air exhaust system for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support according to claim 1, wherein the vacuumizing subsystem comprises a vacuum generating device, at least one vacuum suction head and an air exhaust pipeline of each vacuum suction head, wherein the vacuum generating device is connected with the vacuum suction head through the air exhaust pipeline, the vacuum suction head is adsorbed on the non-spraying area, and the vacuum suction head is used for mutually sealing with the sealing spraying layer;

the controller is further used for adjusting the working power of the vacuum generating device and the air pumping quantity of each air pumping pipeline.

3. The extraction system for forming roadway atmospheric pressure supports of claim 1, wherein the vacuum suction head comprises an extraction passage, and the air pressure sensor is disposed in the extraction passage.

4. The air exhaust system for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support of claim 2, wherein the air pressure sensor is arranged in a local area in the surrounding rock, and the local area is a hole formed by penetrating the sealing spray layer to punch inside the surrounding rock.

5. The extraction system for forming roadway atmospheric pressure supports of claim 2, wherein the vacuum suction head further comprises: the bottom of the suction disc frame is provided with a groove, and the air pressure sensor is arranged in the groove.

6. The extraction system for forming roadway atmospheric pressure supports of claim 2, wherein the vacuum suction head further comprises: the suction disc frame and the first sealing rings are arranged at the bottom of the suction disc frame, and an air pumping hole is formed between at least two first sealing rings and used for pumping air in the surrounding rock gap;

wherein, the air pressure sensor is arranged in the air suction port.

7. An air extraction system for forming roadway atmospheric pressure supports as claimed in claim 4 or 6, wherein the air pressure sensor is a probe type sensor.

8. An air extraction system for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the air pressure sensor is a negative pressure sensor.

9. An air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway is characterized by comprising the following steps:

spraying a spraying material on the newly formed roadway surface to form a sealing spraying layer on the surface of the surrounding rock;

the method comprises the following steps of (1) extracting gas in a surrounding rock gap from an area, which is not sprayed, on the surface of the surrounding rock by using a vacuumizing subsystem so as to enable the surrounding rock to be in a negative pressure state, wherein a temporary support is formed on a sealed spraying layer in the negative pressure state;

and detecting the current air pressure in the surrounding rock gap through an air pressure sensor in the air pumping process, and adjusting the working parameters of the vacuumizing subsystem according to the current air pressure.

10. An air extraction method for forming roadway atmospheric pressure support according to claim 9, wherein the vacuum-pumping subsystem comprises a vacuum generation device, at least one vacuum suction head and an air extraction pipeline of each vacuum suction head, wherein the vacuum generation device is connected with the vacuum suction head through the air extraction pipeline, the vacuum suction head is adsorbed on the non-spraying area, and the vacuum suction head is used for mutually sealing with the sealing spraying layer;

wherein said adjusting the operating parameters of said vacuum subsystem in accordance with said current air pressure comprises:

and adjusting the working power of the vacuum generating device and/or the air suction quantity of each air suction pipeline according to the pressure difference between the current air pressure and the atmospheric pressure.

11. An air extraction method for forming roadway atmospheric pressure supports as claimed in claim 10, wherein said air extraction passage is provided with a valve, said method further comprising:

the air suction amount of the air suction passage is adjusted by adjusting the opening of a valve on the air suction pipeline.

12. An air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support in a roadway according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the method further comprises:

and when the surrounding rock is in the required negative pressure state, controlling the vacuumizing subsystem to stop vacuumizing, wherein a one-way valve in a vacuumizing port of the vacuum suction head seals the vacuumizing port to maintain the adsorption state of the vacuum suction head.

13. An air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support in a roadway according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the method further comprises:

and when the surrounding rock is in a required negative pressure state, adjusting the working power of the vacuum generating device and the air suction quantity of each air suction pipeline.

14. An air extraction method for forming atmospheric pressure supports for roadways according to any of claims 9 to 11, wherein during the spraying of the gunning material onto the newly formed roadway surface, the method further comprises:

acquiring an image of the surface of the surrounding rock, and acquiring a surface area with a gap according to the image;

and avoiding the surface area with the gap in the process of spraying the spraying material on the surface of the roadway to form the non-spraying area.

15. An air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support in a roadway according to claim 14, wherein said spraying said paint material onto said roadway surface to avoid said surface region with gaps comprises:

acquiring the gap area existing in the surface area according to the image;

selecting a surface area with gaps, the gap area of which is larger than a preset threshold value, from the surface area; wherein the preset threshold is the coverage area of the vacuum suction head;

and reserving the area of the coverage area in the selected surface area with the gap when the spraying material is sprayed, and fully spraying the rest area.

16. An air extraction method for forming an atmospheric pressure support of a roadway according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the working power of the vacuum generation device and the air extraction amount of each air extraction pipeline are inversely related to the current air pressure when the current air pressure is not lower than a preset air pressure area.

17. An air extraction method for forming roadway atmospheric pressure supports as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, after forming said sealing-blasting layer, said method further comprising:

judging whether the sealing spray layer meets the supporting requirement or not;

and if the sealed spraying layer does not meet the support requirement, performing supplementary spraying or grouting treatment on the spraying area which does not meet the support requirement.