CN112222408B - Electron beam additive manufacturing device and method - Google Patents
Electron beam additive manufacturing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112222408B CN112222408B CN202011433923.8A CN202011433923A CN112222408B CN 112222408 B CN112222408 B CN 112222408B CN 202011433923 A CN202011433923 A CN 202011433923A CN 112222408 B CN112222408 B CN 112222408B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to an electron beam additive manufacturing device and method. The method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a vacuum forming chamber, a workbench, at least one energy beam unit and a control system; the vacuum forming chamber has a preset low vacuum degree; the workbench is positioned in the vacuum forming chamber; the at least one energy beam unit is arranged opposite to the working table top and comprises a first electron gun for preheating the powder bed and at least one second electron gun for selective scanning and melting of the preheated powder bed; the control system comprises a first control unit and a second control unit which are respectively connected with the first electron gun and the second electron gun; the power of the first electron gun is greater than the power of the second electron gun. The embodiment of the invention not only meets the power required by maintaining the preheating large temperature field of the powder bed in the processing process of large-size parts, but also meets the requirement on the quality of light spots in the scanning and melting process of the electron beam, and ensures the precision of the formed parts to a certain extent while realizing the forming of the large-size parts.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an electron beam additive manufacturing device and method.
Background
The selective electron beam melting and forming technology is a powder bed additive manufacturing technology using electron beams as energy sources, has the advantages of high energy utilization rate, no reflection, high scanning speed, no vacuum pollution and the like, is particularly suitable for direct forming of refractory metals, and has wide application prospects in the fields of aerospace, biomedical treatment, automobiles, molds and the like.
In the electron beam selective melting forming technology, the forming process of a single-layer powder bed comprises preheating of the powder bed and selective melting, wherein the preheating of the powder bed enables the temperature of the powder bed to be uniformly raised to a certain value, so that powder of the powder bed reaches a pre-sintering state, the phenomenon of powder rising in the selective melting process is avoided, meanwhile, the temperature difference between the basic temperature of the powder bed and a molten pool when the section is melted can be reduced, and the quality of a formed part can be effectively improved; and selective melting is to accurately scan and melt the area to be melted after the preheating of the powder bed is finished, so as to form the section of the part finally required.
In the related technology, the same electron gun is mostly adopted to complete preheating of the powder bed and selective melting, so the electron gun needs to have the characteristics of high power (maintaining the temperature field of the powder bed) and high precision at the same time, the maximum forming range disclosed and reported by the current electron beam selective melting forming technology is 320mm in the middle, and the part forming precision in the corresponding range is +/-0.3 mm; if the forming range needs to be expanded continuously, a more powerful electron gun is needed to meet the requirement of maintaining a larger powder bed temperature field, the diameter of the electron beam spot of the more powerful electron gun is increased, that is, the dimensional accuracy of the finally formed part is deteriorated, and therefore how to maintain or improve the part forming accuracy while expanding the area of the forming area is a difficult problem faced by the prior art.
Accordingly, there is a need to ameliorate one or more of the problems with the related art solutions described above.
It is noted that this section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of embodiments of the present invention is to provide an electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus and method, which overcome one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art, at least to some extent.
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present invention, there is provided an electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a vacuum forming chamber having a preset low vacuum degree;
the workbench is positioned in the vacuum forming chamber and comprises a lifting forming platform and powder spreading platforms positioned on two sides of the lifting forming platform;
the energy beam unit is arranged opposite to the working table top and comprises a first electron gun for preheating the powder bed and at least one second electron gun for selective scanning and melting of the preheated powder bed;
the control system comprises a first control unit and a second control unit, wherein the first control unit is connected with the first electron gun and used for controlling the first electron gun; the second control unit is connected with the second electron gun and used for controlling the second electron gun;
wherein the power of the first electron gun is greater than the power of the second electron gun.
In an embodiment of the invention, the energy beam unit includes a second electron gun, and the second electron gun rotates around the first electron gun by taking the first electron gun as a center of circle and by taking 1\2 of a maximum scanning circle radius of the first electron gun as a radius.
In an embodiment of the invention, the electron gun further comprises a circular guide rail, and the second electron gun is mounted on the circular guide rail and rotates around the first electron gun through the circular guide rail.
In an embodiment of the invention, the energy beam unit includes a plurality of second electron guns disposed around the first electron gun, and the number and arrangement of the second electron guns are set according to the shape and size of the workpiece to be processed.
In an embodiment of the invention, the power of the first electron gun is 3kW to 6kW, and the current is 0mA to 100 mA.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the power of the second electron gun is 2 to 3kW, and the current is 0 to 50 mA.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the height of the first electron gun from the powder bed plane is a distance that satisfies a maximum molding area within a limit deflection angle of the first electron gun;
the height of the second electron gun from the powder bed plane is the optimal distance for meeting the beam spot of the electron beam in the limit deflection angle of the second electron gun.
According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electron beam additive manufacturing method using the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus described in any one of the above embodiments, the method including:
after the electron beam additive manufacturing device is charged with powder, a powder bed after the powder is paved and conveyed is preheated by adopting a first electron gun;
and after preheating, carrying out electron beam scanning forming on the preheated powder bed by adopting a second electron gun.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when there is one second electron gun, the second electron gun rotates around the first electron gun by taking the first electron gun as a center of circle and taking 1\2 of the maximum scanning circle radius of the first electron gun as a radius, and performs electron beam melting scanning molding on the preheated powder bed by rotation;
and in the melting scanning forming process of the second electron gun, the first electron gun continuously preheats the powder bed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when there are a plurality of second electron guns, the plurality of second electron guns are disposed around the first electron gun, and the number and the arrangement thereof are set according to the shape and size of the workpiece to be processed;
when the plurality of second electron guns perform melting scanning, the scanning directions of the electron guns are kept consistent when the workpieces processed in the generation are integrated.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can have the following beneficial effects:
in the embodiment of the invention, the electron beam additive manufacturing device and method combining the high-power electron gun and the low-power electron gun are provided, the preheating area can be increased by adopting the high-power electron gun to preheat the powder bed, so that parts with larger size can be molded, and the melting scanning molding of the preheated powder bed is carried out by adopting the low-power electron gun, so that the melting scanning precision is ensured; on one hand, the power required for maintaining a powder bed preheating large temperature field in the processing process of large-size parts is met, on the other hand, the requirement for the quality of light spots in the scanning and melting process of electron beams is met, and the forming precision of the formed parts is also ensured to a certain extent while the large-size parts are formed by exerting the maximum advantages of the electron guns with different powers.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is to be understood that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary of the disclosure, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by one of ordinary skill in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of an electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a first electron gun and a second electron gun in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic structural view of another electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus in an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing another arrangement of the first electron gun and the second electron gun in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of embodiments of the invention, which are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus their repetitive description will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities.
In the present example embodiment, an electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus is first provided. Referring to fig. 1, the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus may include: a vacuum forming chamber 101, a workbench, at least one energy beam unit and a control system; the vacuum forming chamber 101 has a preset low vacuum degree; the working table is positioned in the vacuum forming chamber 101 and comprises a lifting forming platform 102 and powder spreading platforms 103 positioned on two sides of the lifting forming platform; the at least one energy beam unit is arranged opposite to the working table, the energy beam unit comprises a first electron gun 104 used for preheating the powder bed and at least one second electron gun 105 used for conducting selective scanning melting on the preheated powder bed, wherein the power of the first electron gun 104 is larger than that of the second electron gun 105; the control system comprises a first control unit (not shown) and a second control unit (not shown), the first control unit being connected to the first electron gun 104 for controlling the first electron gun 104; the second control unit is connected to the second electron gun 105 and configured to control the second electron gun 105.
The electron beam additive manufacturing device and the electron beam additive manufacturing method combining the high-power electron gun and the low-power electron gun are provided, the preheating area can be increased by adopting the high-power electron gun to preheat the powder bed, so that parts with larger sizes can be formed, and the melting scanning forming is carried out on the preheated powder bed by adopting the low-power electron gun, so that the accuracy of melting scanning is ensured; on one hand, the power required for maintaining a powder bed preheating large temperature field in the processing process of large-size parts is met, on the other hand, the requirement for the quality of light spots in the scanning and melting process of electron beams is met, and the forming precision of the formed parts is also ensured to a certain extent while the large-size parts are formed by exerting the maximum advantages of the electron guns with different powers.
Next, each part of the above-described electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus in the present exemplary embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
Illustratively, the specific vacuum degree of the vacuum forming chamber 101 is set according to the process parameters of the processing; the working table comprises a lifting forming platform 102 and powder spreading platforms 103 positioned on two sides of the lifting forming platform, and in the process of preparing a workpiece, the descending height of the lifting forming platform 102 is related to the slicing thickness for slicing the three-dimensional model of the component in the processing process; the electron beam additive manufacturing device at least comprises one energy beam unit, the number of the specific energy beam units can be set according to the size of the cross section area of a workpiece to be machined, each energy beam unit comprises a first electron gun 104 and at least one second electron gun 105, the first electron gun 104 is used for preheating a powder bed after powder spreading, the second electron gun 105 is used for carrying out electron beam melting scanning on the preheated powder bed, the power of the first electron gun 104 is larger than that of the second electron gun 105, the large preheating range can be ensured by adopting the first electron gun 104 with high power to preheat the powder bed, and the workpiece precision can be ensured to a certain extent by adopting the second electron gun 105 with relatively small power to carry out scanning melting; also included in the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus is a control system comprising a first control unit for controlling the first electron gun 104 and a second control unit for controlling the second electron gun 105.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 2, the energy beam unit may include a second electron gun 105, and the second electron gun 105 rotates around the first electron gun 104 around the center of the first electron gun 104 and around 1\2 of the maximum scanning circle radius of the first electron gun 104.
Illustratively, the energy beam unit may include a first electron gun 104 and a second electron gun 105, and the second electron gun 105 is disposed at a half of a maximum scanning circle radius of the first electron gun 104, rotated around the first electron gun 104, and performs an electron beam melting scan while rotating. Specifically, after powder spreading is completed, the powder bed is preheated by the first electron gun 104, the powder bed is preheated by the second electron gun 105 for rotary melting scanning molding, and in the rotary scanning process of the second electron gun 105, the first electron gun 104 continuously preheats the powder bed outside the melting scanning area of the second electron gun 105, so that the heat loss of the powder bed in the process of moving, melting and scanning the second electron gun 105 with smaller power in a partitioning manner is compensated. The second electron gun 105 is adopted to rotate around the first electron gun 104 for melting scanning, so that the number of the electron guns is reduced to a certain extent, and the cost is reduced.
In one embodiment, a circular guide (not shown) may be further included, and the second electron gun 105 is mounted on the circular guide to rotate around the first electron gun 105 through the circular guide.
For example, the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus may further include a circular guide rail for mounting the second electron gun 105, and the second electron gun 105 may rotate around the first electron gun 104 around a circle center of the first electron gun 104 and a radius of 1\2 of a maximum scanning circle radius of the first electron gun 104 under the control of the control system. Of course, other mechanisms, not limited to a circular guide, may be used to rotate the second electron gun 105 around the first electron gun 104, such as a moving mechanical arm, but not limited thereto.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the energy beam unit may include a plurality of second electron guns 105, the plurality of second electron guns 105 being disposed around the first electron gun 104, the number and arrangement of the second electron guns 105 being set according to the shape and size of the workpiece to be processed.
For example, the energy beam unit may further include a plurality of second electron guns 105, the plurality of second electron guns 105 being disposed around the first electron gun 104, the number of the second electron guns 105 being determined according to the size of the work piece, and the disposed positions being disposed according to the shape of the interface of the work piece. In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, for example, if the energy beam unit needs to process a square with a cross section of 400mm × 400mm, the first electron gun 104 is located at the center of the square, and the inscribed square of the maximum scanning circle of the first electron gun 104 needs to be greater than or equal to 400mm × 400mm, at this time, four second electron guns 105 are used for scanning and melting, the inscribed square of the maximum scanning circle of the second electron gun 105 is 200mm × 200mm, and at this time, the four second electron guns 105 are arranged around the first electron gun 104 in an array and located at the center of four phase regions of the square. Specifically, when the number of the second electron guns 105 is plural, when the workpiece to be processed is an integral whole, the scanning directions of the plural second electron guns 105 need to be kept consistent, and when the workpiece to be processed is composed of plural independent small workpieces, the scanning directions of the plural second electron guns 105 are not limited.
In one embodiment, the first electron gun 104 may have a power of 3kW to 6kW and a current of 0mA to 100 mA.
For example, the power of the first electron gun 104 may be 3kW to 6kW, and the current may be 0mA to 100 mA. The power level and current level of the first electron gun 104 may be related to at least one of the powder bed thickness, powder material, powder particle size, and the like.
In one embodiment, the power of the second electron gun 105 may be 2 to 3kW, and the current may be 0 to 50 mA.
For example, the power of the second electron gun 105 may be 2 to 3kW, and the current may be 0 to 50 mA. The power and current of the second electron gun 105 may be related to the thickness of the powder bed, the material of the powder, the particle size of the powder, and other parameters.
In one embodiment, the height of the first electron gun 104 from the powder bed plane may be such that the distance of the maximum molding area is met within the limit deflection angle of the first electron gun 104; the height of the second electron gun 105 from the powder bed plane may be such that the optimal distance of the electron beam spot is satisfied within the limit deflection angle of the second electron gun 105.
Illustratively, the first electron gun 104 is located at a distance from the powder bed plane that satisfies its maximum preheating region within its extreme deflection angle, and the second electron gun 105 is located at a height from the powder bed plane that is optimal for its electron beam spot within its extreme deflection angle. The height of the first electron gun 104 satisfies the maximum preheating area, so that a large-size part can be processed, the height of the second electron gun 105 satisfies the optimal beam spot, so that the accuracy of the processed workpiece can be ensured to a certain extent, and the combination of the two can ensure the accuracy of the workpiece on the basis of satisfying the requirement of processing the large-size workpiece.
The present example embodiment also provides an electron beam additive manufacturing method, which may adopt the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus described in any of the above embodiments, and referring to fig. 1, the electron beam additive manufacturing method may include:
after the electron beam additive manufacturing device is charged with powder, a powder bed after the powder is paved is preheated by a first electron gun 104;
and after preheating, the preheated powder bed is subjected to electron beam scanning forming by adopting a second electron gun 105.
For example, the electron beam additive manufacturing method may adopt the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus in any of the above embodiments, when the electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus is powdered and the powder bed is formed after the powder is spread on the workbench, the powder bed is preheated by using the first electron gun 104, and after the preheating is completed, the preheated powder bed is subjected to electron beam scanning forming by using the second electron gun 105, so as to generate the single-layer solid sheet.
In one embodiment, when there is one second electron gun 105, the second electron gun 105 rotates around the first electron gun 104 with the first electron gun 104 as the center and 1\2 as the radius of the maximum scanning circle of the first electron gun 104, and the preheated powder bed is subjected to electron beam melting scanning molding by rotation; wherein, the second electron gun 105 melts and scans the forming process, and the first electron gun 104 continuously preheats the powder bed.
Illustratively, a second electron gun is disposed at a half of the maximum scanning circle radius of the first electron gun 104, and rotates around the first electron gun 104 as a center, and performs electron beam melting scanning while rotating. Specifically, after powder spreading is completed, the powder bed is preheated by the first electron gun 104, the powder bed is preheated by the second electron gun 105 for rotary melting scanning molding, and in the rotary scanning process of the second electron gun 105, the first electron gun 104 continuously preheats the powder bed outside the melting scanning area of the second electron gun 105, so that the heat loss of the powder bed in the process of moving, melting and scanning the second electron gun 105 with smaller power in a subarea mode is compensated. The second electron gun 105 is adopted to rotate around the first electron gun 104 for melting scanning, so that the number of the electron guns is reduced to a certain extent, and the cost is reduced.
In one embodiment, when the number of the second electron guns 105 is multiple, the second electron guns 105 are arranged around the first electron gun 104, and the number and the arrangement mode are set according to the shape and the size of the workpiece to be processed; when the plurality of second electron guns perform melting scanning, the scanning directions of the electron guns are kept consistent when the workpieces processed in the generation are integrated.
Illustratively, the energy beam unit may further include a plurality of second electron guns 105, the plurality of second electron guns 105 being arranged around the first electron gun 104, the number of second electron guns 105 being determined according to the size of the dummy work, and the arrangement position mounting the shape arrangement of the dummy work. When the workpiece to be processed is a whole, the scanning directions of the plurality of second electron guns 105 need to be kept consistent, and when the workpiece to be processed is a plurality of independent small workpieces, the scanning directions of the plurality of second electron guns 105 are not limited.
The electron beam additive manufacturing device and the electron beam additive manufacturing method combining the high-power electron gun and the low-power electron gun are provided, the preheating area can be increased by adopting the high-power electron gun to preheat the powder bed, so that parts with larger sizes can be formed, and the melting scanning forming is carried out on the preheated powder bed by adopting the low-power electron gun, so that the accuracy of melting scanning is ensured; on one hand, the power required for maintaining a powder bed preheating large temperature field in the processing process of large-size parts is met, on the other hand, the requirement for the quality of light spots in the scanning and melting process of electron beams is met, and the forming precision of the formed parts is also ensured to a certain extent while the large-size parts are formed by exerting the maximum advantages of the electron guns with different powers.
It is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like in the foregoing description are used for indicating or indicating the orientation or positional relationship illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing embodiments of the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise the first and second features being in direct contact, or the first and second features being in contact, not directly, but via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. An electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus, comprising:
a vacuum forming chamber having a preset low vacuum degree;
the workbench is positioned in the vacuum forming chamber and comprises a lifting forming platform and powder spreading platforms positioned on two sides of the lifting forming platform;
the energy beam unit comprises a first electron gun for preheating a powder bed and at least one second electron gun for selective scanning and melting of the preheated powder bed, the second electron gun rotates around the first electron gun to perform selective scanning and melting, and the distance from an electron beam emitting end of the second electron gun to the horizontal plane of the powder laying platform is smaller than the distance from the electron beam emitting end of the first electron gun to the horizontal plane of the powder laying platform;
the control system comprises a first control unit and a second control unit, wherein the first control unit is connected with the first electron gun and used for controlling the first electron gun; the second control unit is connected with the second electron gun and used for controlling the second electron gun;
wherein the power of the first electron gun is greater than the power of the second electron gun.
2. The electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy beam unit comprises a second electron gun, and the second electron gun rotates around the first electron gun with a center of the first electron gun and a radius of 1\2 of a maximum scanning circle radius of the first electron gun.
3. The electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a circular rail on which the second electron gun is mounted to rotate around the first electron gun via the circular rail.
4. The electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the energy beam unit includes a plurality of second electron guns disposed around the first electron gun, and the number and arrangement of the second electron guns are set according to the shape and size of the workpiece to be processed.
5. The electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first electron gun has a power of 3kW to 6kW and a current of 0mA to 100 mA.
6. The electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the power of the second electron gun is 2 to 3kW, and the current is 0 to 50 mA.
7. The electron beam additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 6,
the height of the first electron gun from the powder bed plane is the distance which meets the maximum forming area in the limit deflection angle of the first electron gun;
the height of the second electron gun from the powder bed plane is the optimal distance for meeting the beam spot of the electron beam in the limit deflection angle of the second electron gun.
8. An electron beam additive manufacturing method, characterized in that the device of any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, and the method comprises:
after the selective electron beam melting equipment is used for powder filling, a first electron gun is adopted to preheat a powder bed after powder spreading is finished;
and after preheating, carrying out electron beam scanning forming on the preheated powder bed by adopting a second electron gun.
9. The electron beam additive manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein when there is one second electron gun, the second electron gun rotates around the first electron gun with a radius of 1\2 of a maximum scanning circle radius of the first electron gun as a center of the first electron gun, and performs electron beam melting scanning molding on the preheated powder bed by rotation;
and in the melting scanning forming process of the second electron gun, the first electron gun continuously preheats the powder bed.
10. The electron beam additive manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein when the number of the second electron guns is plural, the plural second electron guns are arranged around the first electron gun, and the number and arrangement thereof are set according to the shape and size of the workpiece to be processed;
when the plurality of second electron guns perform melting scanning, the scanning directions of the electron guns are kept consistent when the workpieces processed in the generation are integrated.
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| CN117548693A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 西安空天机电智能制造有限公司 | Additive manufacturing device and additive manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN106825567B (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2018-12-11 | 清华大学 | Electron beam selective melting and electron beam cut compound increasing material manufacturing method |
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Address after: Room 303-46, building a, Kairui, Fengcheng 12th Road, Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shaanxi 710018 Patentee after: Xi'an Sailong Additive Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Room 303-46, building a, Kairui, Fengcheng 12th Road, Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shaanxi 710018 Patentee before: XI'AN SAILONG METAL MATERIALS Co.,Ltd. |