CN112222406A - Method for improving surface precision of laser selective melting part on line - Google Patents
Method for improving surface precision of laser selective melting part on line Download PDFInfo
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- CN112222406A CN112222406A CN202011006052.1A CN202011006052A CN112222406A CN 112222406 A CN112222406 A CN 112222406A CN 202011006052 A CN202011006052 A CN 202011006052A CN 112222406 A CN112222406 A CN 112222406A
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- laser
- laser melting
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000005542 laser surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving the surface precision of a laser selective melting part on line, which adopts the idea of synchronously combining a laser selective melting forming process and laser surface treatment, adopts the alternative treatment of the laser selective melting forming and the laser surface treatment to form a layer in the process of the laser selective melting forming, realizes the on-line laser surface treatment after the single-layer laser selective melting forming, improves the roughness of each layer of a workpiece, reduces the defects, avoids the defect accumulation, and finally realizes the quality improvement, the size precision and the surface roughness improvement of the whole workpiece. Compared with the traditional surface treatment mode of machining the workpiece alone after forming, the method has the advantages that the single-layer roughness of the workpiece in the selective laser melting forming process is improved on line, the single-layer defects are reduced, the defect accumulation is avoided, and the quality and the size precision of the workpiece are finally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a method for improving surface precision of a part melted in a laser selection area on line.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of advanced manufacturing industry and the rise of intelligent manufacturing, the metal 3D printing technology has been developed as a revolutionary method for product design and research in various industrial departments, and products thereof have been exemplarily applied to the advanced fields of aviation, aerospace, medical instruments and the like. The powder-spreading type selective laser melting technology has the preparation capacity of any complex structure, is widely researched and paid attention to, and gradually becomes one of the fastest-developing and most widely-applied technologies in the current 3D metal printing technology. Although people make great progress in the aspects of powder-laying type selective laser melting technology, process, products, application and the like, the selective laser melting technology has the characteristics that: gaps or uneven lap joints exist among the single scanning tracks in the layer; the intense interaction of the laser and the powder during the forming process causes the splashing of the metal powder outside the molten pool; the penetration of the laser micro molten pool to the solid powder is not uniform; the spheroidization of powder in the laser forming process, the strong convection effect of marangoni and the like can cause the practical application problems of low surface precision and roughness of the scanning forming layer and the like.
At present, for the preparation of parts with high requirements on high precision and roughness, a laser selective melting forming process is usually performed first, then cutting is completed to separate from a forming substrate, and then a forming part is subjected to mechanical polishing or mechanical finish machining treatment to obtain the part dimensional precision, namely surface roughness, required by an application end. However, the conventional processing modes such as cutting, machining (polishing, shot blasting) and the like increase the processing period and the production cost in the whole process, and the production efficiency is relatively low.
Therefore, the technology for improving the surface precision of the selective laser melting part on line in the selective laser melting forming process has a strong application prospect and also has the reality of urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: based on the common technical problem that the size precision and the surface roughness of the part formed by selective laser melting are relatively low in the prior art, the method for improving the surface precision of the part formed by selective laser melting on line is provided for abandoning the method for improving the precision and the roughness of the formed part by machining after the traditional selective laser melting.
The method can realize on-line improvement of the surface precision and reduction of the roughness of the parts melted in the selective laser area, and is suitable for powder-laying type laser additive manufacturing and preparation of parts with high precision and low roughness.
The invention idea is as follows: the idea of synchronously combining the selective laser melting forming process and the laser surface treatment is innovatively adopted, the selective laser melting forming process and the laser surface treatment are alternately used for processing the forming layer in the selective laser melting forming process, the single-layer selective laser melting forming is realized, then the laser surface treatment is carried out on line, the roughness of each layer of a workpiece is improved, the defects are reduced, the defect accumulation is avoided, and finally the quality improvement, the size precision and the surface roughness improvement of the whole workpiece are realized.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for improving the surface precision of a selective laser melting part on line, which adopts the selective laser melting forming and the laser surface treatment to alternately process a forming layer in the selective laser melting forming process to realize the on-line improvement of the surface precision of a single layer, and the method is used for stacking layer by layer to finally complete the preparation of the whole part.
Furthermore, the invention adopts the idea of synchronously combining the selective laser melting forming process and the laser surface treatment, and adopts the selective laser melting forming and the laser surface treatment to alternately process the forming layers in the selective laser melting forming process, so as to realize the online laser surface treatment after the selective laser melting forming of a single layer, improve the roughness of each layer of a workpiece, reduce the defects, avoid the defect accumulation and finally realize the quality improvement, the size precision and the surface roughness improvement of the whole workpiece.
Further, the laser surface treatment method comprises the following steps: and adjusting the laser power to carry out laser surface treatment after selective melting and forming of each layer of the part.
Furthermore, the selection of the parameters of the selective laser melting forming process of each layer is consistent with the traditional selective laser melting forming process.
Further, the selection of the laser surface treatment process parameters is based on the following steps: the laser power P2 used for the laser surface treatment is 0.4-0.8 times of the selective laser melting forming power P1, namely P2 is (0.4-0.8) P1.
Further, the scan angle between the selective laser melting formation of each layer was 67 °.
Further, the scanning angle between the laser surface treatment of the layer and the selective laser melting forming is 0 degree.
Further, the laser scanning speed of the laser surface treatment is not higher than the laser scanning speed of selective laser melting forming.
Furthermore, the laser scanning speed of the laser surface treatment is 1/2-1 times of the laser scanning speed of selective laser melting forming.
Further, the invention provides a specific operation process: the selective laser melting power P1 is 285
w, the laser surface treatment power P2 is 114 w-285 w, the laser scanning speed is 960mm/s in the selective laser melting forming process, and the laser scanning speed is 480-960 mm/s in the laser surface treatment process. The scanning layer thickness is 40 μm and the scanning pitch is 110 μm during selective laser melting and forming and laser surface treatment.
The method can improve the single-layer roughness of the workpiece in the selective laser melting forming process on line, reduce the single-layer defects, avoid the accumulation of the defects and finally improve the quality and the dimensional precision of the workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the mode of combining selective laser melting forming and laser surface treatment is adopted to realize on-line improvement of the surface precision and roughness of the selective laser melting forming piece, so that the mode of machining in the selective laser melting forming process is effectively avoided, and the production efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the defects in selective laser melting forming cannot be improved by traditional machining, but the single-layer laser surface treatment is synchronously carried out in the single-layer forming process, so that the defects in single-layer laser scanning forming are favorably reduced, the defect layer-by-layer accumulation is avoided, and the internal defects of a formed part are finally reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Comparative example
Printing Inconel 718 alloy by adopting a common selective laser melting forming process under the following printing process conditions:
the selective laser melting power P1 was 285w, the scanning rate was 960mm/s, the scanning layer thickness was 40 μm, and the scanning pitch was 110 μm.
The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 1
A method for improving surface precision of a selective laser melting part on line adopts the idea of synchronously combining a selective laser melting forming process and laser surface treatment, adopts selective laser melting forming and laser surface treatment to alternately treat a forming layer in the selective laser melting forming process, realizes on-line laser surface treatment after single-layer selective laser melting forming, improves roughness of each layer of a workpiece, reduces defects, avoids defect accumulation, and finally realizes quality improvement, size precision and surface roughness improvement of the whole workpiece.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the selective laser melting power P1 is 285w, the laser surface treatment power P2 is 114w, the scanning rate is 960+480mm/s, the scanning layer thickness is 40 μm, and the scanning pitch is 110 μm. Wherein the scanning included angle between selective laser melting and forming of each layer is 67 degrees. When the laser surface treatment of the layer and the selective laser melting forming scanning included angle is 0 degree.
The printing of Inconel 718 alloy was performed, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of comparative example with example 1
Description of the drawings: in table 1, the scan rate "960 + 480" of example 1 indicates: the laser scanning speed in the selective laser melting forming process is 960mm/s, and the laser scanning speed in the laser surface treatment process is 480 mm/s. The surface roughness is measured by a contact pin method (also called a pin drawing method) through a contact type surface roughness meter, and the dimensional accuracy is measured by a manual micrometer.
Example 2
A method for improving surface precision of a selective laser melting part on line adopts the idea of synchronously combining a selective laser melting forming process and laser surface treatment, adopts selective laser melting forming and laser surface treatment to alternately treat a forming layer in the selective laser melting forming process, realizes on-line laser surface treatment after single-layer selective laser melting forming, improves roughness of each layer of a workpiece, reduces defects, avoids defect accumulation, and finally realizes quality improvement, size precision and surface roughness improvement of the whole workpiece.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the selective laser melting power P1 is 285w, the laser surface treatment power P2 is 228w, the scanning rate is 960+960mm/s, the scanning layer thickness is 40 μm, and the scanning pitch is 110 μm. Wherein the scanning included angle between selective laser melting and forming of each layer is 67 degrees. When the laser surface treatment of the layer and the selective laser melting forming scanning included angle is 0 degree.
The printing of Inconel 718 alloy was performed, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of comparative example with example 2
Description of the drawings: in table 2, the scan rate "960 + 960" of example 2 indicates: the laser scanning speed in the selective laser melting forming process is 960mm/s, and the laser scanning speed in the laser surface treatment process is 960 mm/s. The surface roughness is measured by a contact pin method (also called a pin drawing method) through a contact type surface roughness meter, and the dimensional accuracy is measured by a manual micrometer.
According to the embodiment, the surface precision and roughness of the selective laser melting forming part are improved on line by combining selective laser melting forming and laser surface treatment, the traditional selective laser melting forming and machining mode is effectively avoided, and the production efficiency is improved.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the surface accuracy of a selective laser melting part on line is characterized in that in the selective laser melting forming process, a selective laser melting forming layer and a laser surface treatment alternate treatment forming layer are adopted to realize the on-line improvement of the surface accuracy of a single layer, and the method is used for stacking layer by layer to finally complete the preparation of the whole part.
2. The method for improving the surface precision of the selective laser melting part on line according to claim 1, wherein the laser surface treatment method comprises the following steps: and adjusting the laser power to carry out laser surface treatment after selective melting and forming of each layer of the part.
3. The method for improving the surface accuracy of the selective laser melting part on line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selective laser melting forming process parameters of each layer are selected in accordance with the conventional selective laser melting forming process.
4. The method for improving the surface precision of the selective laser melting part on line according to claim 1, wherein the selective area of the laser surface treatment process parameters is based on the following steps: the laser power P2 used for the laser surface treatment is 0.4-0.8 times of the selective laser melting forming power P1.
5. The method for improving the surface accuracy of the selective laser melting part in the online mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scanning included angle between the selective laser melting forming of each layer is 67 degrees.
6. The method for improving the surface accuracy of the selective laser melting part on line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scanning angle between the laser surface treatment of the layer and the selective laser melting forming is 0 °.
7. The method for improving the surface accuracy of the selective laser melting part on line according to claim 1, wherein the laser scanning speed of the laser surface treatment is not higher than the laser scanning speed of the selective laser melting forming.
8. The method for improving the surface precision of the selective laser melting part on line according to claim 7, wherein the laser scanning speed of the laser surface treatment is 1/2-1 times of the scanning speed of the selective laser melting part.
9. The method for improving the surface accuracy of the selective laser melting part in the online manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selective laser melting power P1 is 285w, the laser surface treatment power P2 is 114 w-285 w, the laser scanning rate during the selective laser melting forming process is 960mm/s, and the laser scanning rate during the laser surface treatment process is 480-960 mm/s.
10. The method for improving the surface accuracy of the selective laser melting part on line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scanning layer thickness is 40 μm and the scanning pitch is 110 μm during the selective laser melting forming and the laser surface treatment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011006052.1A CN112222406A (en) | 2020-09-23 | 2020-09-23 | Method for improving surface precision of laser selective melting part on line |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011006052.1A CN112222406A (en) | 2020-09-23 | 2020-09-23 | Method for improving surface precision of laser selective melting part on line |
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| CN112222406A true CN112222406A (en) | 2021-01-15 |
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| CN202011006052.1A Pending CN112222406A (en) | 2020-09-23 | 2020-09-23 | Method for improving surface precision of laser selective melting part on line |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3095538A1 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-11-23 | Sisma S.p.A. | Process for picking up a semifinished product obtained by selective laser melting, equipment for gripping said semifinished product and semifinished product |
| CN108274123A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-07-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of increasing material-polishing integral processing method for laser gain material component inner wall |
| CN108311697A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-24 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of integrated double-type laser improves the apparatus and method of SLM surface of shaped parts quality |
| CN109365811A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-22 | 北京科技大学广州新材料研究院 | A kind of method of selective laser melting process forming Zinc-alloy |
| CN109530922A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of synchronization laser polishing method based on existing laser gain material equipment |
-
2020
- 2020-09-23 CN CN202011006052.1A patent/CN112222406A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3095538A1 (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2016-11-23 | Sisma S.p.A. | Process for picking up a semifinished product obtained by selective laser melting, equipment for gripping said semifinished product and semifinished product |
| CN108274123A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-07-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of increasing material-polishing integral processing method for laser gain material component inner wall |
| CN108311697A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-07-24 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of integrated double-type laser improves the apparatus and method of SLM surface of shaped parts quality |
| CN109365811A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-22 | 北京科技大学广州新材料研究院 | A kind of method of selective laser melting process forming Zinc-alloy |
| CN109530922A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of synchronization laser polishing method based on existing laser gain material equipment |
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Application publication date: 20210115 |
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