CN112222405A - Preparation system and method of hard alloy cutter - Google Patents

Preparation system and method of hard alloy cutter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112222405A
CN112222405A CN202010958202.2A CN202010958202A CN112222405A CN 112222405 A CN112222405 A CN 112222405A CN 202010958202 A CN202010958202 A CN 202010958202A CN 112222405 A CN112222405 A CN 112222405A
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cutter
precision
laser
graphene
equipment
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孙浩斌
颜练武
张华�
李昌业
司守佶
王焕涛
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Penglai Superhard Compound Material Co ltd
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Penglai Superhard Compound Material Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/003—Apparatus, e.g. furnaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for preparing a hard alloy cutter, relating to the technical field of alloy cutters; the cutter bracket is arranged on the Z axis of the equipment through the mounting hole; the Z axis of the equipment is provided with a laser through a fastening bolt on the second accommodating hole; the high-precision position sensor is fixed in the central area of the C-axis working turntable of the equipment; the high-precision position sensor signal acquisition processing board is fixed on the base, is used for processing signals acquired by the high-precision position sensor, converting the signals into recognizable digital signals, and is arranged on the plane of the equipment to be respectively connected with the high-precision position sensor and the upper computer; the base is provided with a hard alloy cutter for improving materials. The invention can accurately predict the processing precision. The total analysis precision is 99.2%, and the requirement of an enterprise is met. The time consumption of the big data analysis method can be reduced to 2/3 of the traditional method; when the data volume is further increased, the big data analysis method can also run quickly.

Description

Preparation system and method of hard alloy cutter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy cutters, in particular to a system and a method for preparing a hard alloy cutter.
Background
The WC-Co hard alloy has a plurality of excellent performances such as high hardness, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is a widely used cutter material in the numerical control cutter manufacturing industry. The alloy is prepared by a powder metallurgy process and consists of a large amount of refractory metal carbide (WC) and a small amount of bonding metal (Co), and the mechanical property of the alloy mainly depends on the grain size of WC and the content of bonding phase Co. Generally, under the same WC grain size condition, the hardness and wear resistance of the material increase with the decrease of Co content, but the strength and toughness decrease. For numerical control tools such as hard alloy drills, milling cutters, indexable inserts and the like, in the metal cutting process, the surface is required to have high hardness and wear resistance, and the core is required to have high toughness and to bear large impact force.
The traditional structure hard alloy has sharp contradiction among various performances (such as strength, hardness, wear resistance and toughness) due to the homogeneity of components and structures, and the unification of wear resistance and toughness is difficult to realize, so that the application of the hard alloy numerical control cutter in the industry is greatly limited. The surface layer of the gradient hard alloy with poor Co on the surface has low Co content and very high hardness and wear resistance; the alloy has high core Co content, good strength and toughness, and can effectively solve the contradiction between various properties of the hard alloy.
The prior art provides a method for preparing a gradient cemented carbide tool, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(a) preparing a carbon-poor hard alloy matrix which is entirely free of eta phase;
(b) grinding the obtained carbon-poor hard alloy substrate into a cutter;
(c) performing gas carburization surface treatment on the obtained cutter;
(d) and (5) finely grinding the obtained carburized cutter to obtain the gradient hard alloy cutter with the poor Co surface.
On the basis of the poor carbon hard alloy which does not contain eta phase as a whole, the Co on the surface of the tool is moved towards the inside by performing vacuum gas carburization on the tool which is formed by grinding, a binder phase gradient structure with poor Co on the surface and high Co content in the core is formed, and then the gradient hard alloy tool is formed by fine grinding. The gradient hard alloy cutter manufactured by the method has low surface Co content, high hardness and good wear resistance. In the field of numerical control machining, when a workpiece is machined during preparation of a hard alloy substrate, auxiliary time for workpiece loading and unloading, cutter adjustment and the like occupies a large proportion in the whole machining process, wherein the cutter adjustment is time-consuming and labor-consuming, errors are easy to generate, particularly, a coordinate center needs to be calibrated again after the cutter is installed, and the like, so that great time and energy are needed.
In order to solve the above problems, the prior art provides a three-dimensional printing device, and there is no standard centering device and method at present, and in the prior art, when calibrating the center position, a laser with higher power (about 200mW) is installed on the Z axis, the laser is perpendicular to the C axis working platform, then a hard material is tiled on the C axis, the C axis is rotated by 360 degrees, the trace of sintering of the laser on the hard material of the C axis is observed, the radius of the hard material is gradually reduced according to the radius of the sintering track until the laser is sintered to a point, so that the centering effect is achieved, the method is repeated for many times, the time is spent about 1 hour, and the track sintered by the laser has a larger error (about 0.3mm), which is time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in precision.
In addition, in numerical control processing, the eccentric rod is used for centering the blank, the blank needs to be moved in 4 directions, namely when the eccentric rod touches the blank, the position coordinates of the edges of the blank can be determined, and after four edges are repeatedly operated, the center of the blank is determined, so that the method not only needs complicated steps such as tool changing and the like, but also consumes more time; thirdly, centering the revolving body workpiece by using a dial indicator, rotating the C-axis working turntable 10 within the range of 360 degrees, recording the reading of the dial indicator every 45 degrees in the slow rotation process, then recording the reading in eight points, and adjusting the center of the workpiece according to the value in the process until the machining requirement is met; the disadvantages are as follows: when the dial indicator is used for centering, repeated measurement is needed, the reading is troublesome, the reading is easy to be wrong, the time is long, and the dial indicator can only be used for centering on the revolution curved surface body.
The hard alloy is a composite material which is composed of carbide (WC, TiC) of high-hardness and high-melting-point metal as a matrix and cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) or molybdenum (Mo) as a binding phase. The hard alloy has unique combination of properties, namely good wear resistance, high hardness, high compressive strength, high elastic modulus, strong impact resistance, high corrosion resistance, stable size and the like. The shield cutter head is generally made of coarse-grain WC-Co hard alloy.
Researches on a shield cutter failure mechanism and cutter temperature show that the main failure mode of the cutter in the shield construction process is fracture and abrasion, two failure phenomena are closely related to the temperature of the cutter, for example, the impact toughness of WC-6Co at normal temperature is 2J/mm2, the impact toughness of WC-6Co at 400 ℃ is reduced to 0.4J/mm2, the cutter is easy to fracture when impacted at high temperature, and the temperature of the cutter can reach 300-500 ℃ and the local temperature can reach over 1000 ℃ during tunneling. Especially when the stratum of uneven hardness is tunneled, because the bonding of clay for the cutter heat dissipation is difficult, the cutter has born higher service temperature, in order to make the study performance obviously descend, life reduces by a wide margin.
In order to improve the performance of the hard alloy shield cutter and prolong the service life of the hard alloy shield cutter, the mechanical property of the hard alloy shield cutter is enhanced, and the heat conduction and the heat dissipation of the hard alloy shield cutter are particularly important.
To solve the above problems, the prior art provides a cooler including: heat exchanger, refrigerator, channel heat sink, heat pipe vapor chamber, and integrated cooler. However, there are the following problems:
1) due to the small size of the channel, a large flow resistance is generated when the coolant flows through the channel;
2) because the temperature change of the coolant between the inlet and the outlet of the channel is large, the temperature distribution of the heat exchange surface is uneven.
3) The channel has sharp side surfaces, so that the fluid boundary layers are continuously separated, and larger frictional resistance is brought; causing an increase in fluid pressure drop; the wake vortex detention area is easily formed, which is not beneficial to heat exchange.
In the prior art, a cutter for manufacturing medical dressing or sticking cloth is generally used, and is manufactured by a milling machine with Computer Numerical Control (CNC), and after a cutting blade is manufactured on a cutter wheel body, a "triangle-like shape with an arc edge" remainder remains at an included angle of the cutting blade, so that the remainder needs to be post-processed by a taper-shaped forming cutter to remove the remainder. However, in the case of the above-mentioned conventional tool manufacture, it has at least the following disadvantages:
time consuming: after the cutting tool is milled by the CNC milling machine, a time-consuming corner-raising operation is required to be performed by the conical forming tool, and the sharp point of the conical forming tool does not have any cutting force, so that after the processing, the 'triangle-like shape with arc-shaped edge' residual materials still remain at the included angle of the cutting tool point.
Labor-consuming and vulnerable: the blade edge at the residual material position is relatively increased in cutting resistance due to the lower sharpness, so that the material (dressing or adhesive cloth) corresponding to the residual material position can be cut off only by applying larger pressure to the cutter wheel, the blade edge part bears larger pressure, the damage is easy to occur, and the service life of the cutter is further shortened.
And (3) flaw of a finished product: when the triangle-like excess material at the included angle of the cutting blade edge is not completely removed, the cutting effect of the cutter can be influenced, so that when the cutter is used for cutting, the edge of a product material (dressing or sticking cloth) corresponding to the included angle excess material of the cutting blade edge has burrs, and the quality of a finished product is further influenced.
In order to solve the various defects of the conventional cutting tools, the prior art provides an improved cutting tool manufacturing device, which comprises: the electric spark machining mechanism is provided with an electrode and is used for machining a semi-finished product of the cutter, wherein the semi-finished product of the cutter is provided with a cutter wheel body, one or more cutting type cutter points are formed on the surface of the cutter wheel body, and excess materials exist in the inner included angle or the outer included angle of the cutting type cutter points; wherein, one end of the electrode of the electric spark processing mechanism is provided with a shape corresponding to the included angle so as to remove the excess material.
In the prior art, the mechanical property of the hard alloy is improved only by various process means, while the specific conditions used by the hard alloy are ignored, for a shield cutter, the improvement of the mechanical property of toughness is an aspect, the improvement of the heat conduction and the heat dissipation is a point needing to be emphasized, and the mechanical properties such as mechanical strength and hardness are rapidly reduced when the temperature is increased, but the prior art is mostly considered from the mechanical property.
Meanwhile, the existing shield cutter is generally finished by hot-pressing sintering, a large number of defects exist, the defects can become crack sources in the using process, the cutter is easy to crack due to cyclic stress in the repeated use process, and the cutter is broken, and the density of casting is not enough, so that the hardness and the wear resistance are reduced.
However, the device in the prior art does not combine the measurement data, the process data and the monitoring data to perform quality monitoring, and the device widely has the requirement of quality problem classification in engineering application. For example, in a manufacturing system, different quality problems occur more or less during the production and manufacturing process of a product, which affects not only the quality of the product, but also the production efficiency. If the quality problems are not deeply analyzed, the quality problems are classified, the root causes of the different quality problems are found, and the quality improvement of the product is not mentioned.
With the deep integration of industrialization and informatization, manufacturing enterprises obtain more and more data resources, and the data resources are fully utilized to improve the production management level. The product quality is continuously improved and is used as a core problem of a manufacturing system, and the classification and analysis of quality problems can find problems in the production process and help to improve the production efficiency. Therefore, extensive analytical research is required to improve the quality of the alloy cutting tools due to various quality problems and failures in the manufacturing process.
In consideration of the fact that the prior art is difficult to process data volume above PB level, and under the condition of large data volume, the analysis and calculation process is long in time consumption, poor in real-time performance and difficult to guarantee precision, and the requirements of modern enterprises are not met. Therefore, a big data analysis technology is urgently needed to process and analyze the data volume above the PB level on the premise of ensuring timeliness and precision.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention provide a system and a method for manufacturing a cemented carbide cutting tool.
The technical scheme is as follows: a cemented carbide tool preparation system is provided with:
a tool holder;
the cutter bracket is arranged on the Z axis of the equipment through a mounting hole; the Z axis of the equipment is provided with a laser through a fastening bolt on the second accommodating hole;
the high-precision position sensor is fixed in the central area of the C-axis working turntable of the equipment;
the high-precision position sensor signal acquisition processing board is fixed on the base, is used for processing signals acquired by the high-precision position sensor, converting the signals into recognizable digital signals, and is arranged on the plane of the equipment to be respectively connected with the high-precision position sensor and the upper computer;
a hard alloy cutter with improved material is placed on the base;
a right base and a cooling device arranged on the base are arranged on the C-axis working turntable of the equipment, staggered micro-fluid channels are formed in the cooling device, and the cooling device is formed by a plurality of quadrate bodies in a staggered distribution manner; the horizontal section of the square body is a quadrangle, the diagonals of the quadrangle are perpendicular to each other, one pair of diagonals are equal, and the other pair of diagonals are not equal; one pair of opposite corners of the quadrangle which are equal is an obtuse angle, and the cooling medium flows from one end of the larger corner to one end of the smaller corner of the other pair of opposite corners of the quadrangle;
the upper computer is provided with a product position data analysis module and used for storing historical data of tool movement and laser movement and providing data analysis and mining services, and the data comprises: measurement data, test data, assembly process data, process data and monitoring data;
the product position data analysis module is used for constructing an initial SVM model, optimizing and selecting parameters of the SVM model by using a genetic algorithm, taking the classification precision of the SVM model as a fitness function in the genetic algorithm, and obtaining the parameters of the SVM model with the optimal classification precision of the motion of the cutter and the motion track of the laser if the classification precision of the SVM model meets the requirements of conditions or evolution algebra; obtaining a final GA-SVM model; and if the stopping condition is not met, continuing optimizing the model until the requirements of the condition are met.
Further, the interlaced micro-fluid flowing space formed by a plurality of quadrubes in the cooling device is an interlaced tapered and divergent channel, and the cooling medium flows in the tapered and divergent channel;
the quadrilateral has two pairs of respectively equal adjacent sides, wherein one pair of equal adjacent sides is larger than the other pair of equal adjacent sides; the cooling medium contacts the shorter pair of adjacent sides first and then contacts the longer pair of adjacent sides, i.e., the flow direction of the cooling medium flows from the shorter pair of adjacent sides to the longer pair of adjacent sides of the quadrangle.
Further, the cooling working medium of the micro-fluid channel is ethanol, glycol, pure water or deionized water;
the base is made of silicon material with high thermal conductivity or ceramic material with high thermal conductivity;
the cooling device is processed on the silicon substrate by adopting a Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) technology or processed by adopting an MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) processing technology.
Furthermore, a first accommodating hole and a second accommodating hole are formed in the cutter support; the first accommodating hole and the second accommodating hole are respectively used for installing a printing spray head and a laser.
Print shower nozzle protective sheath, print the shower nozzle and install in the top in first holding hole, fix on the support through holding the bolt.
Further, the method for optimizing and selecting the parameters of the SVM model by the genetic algorithm comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: initializing a population, generating a certain number of individuals as an initial population, setting the number of the population to be 20, setting the maximum evolutionary algebra to be 100, setting the dynamic variation range of a penalty factor C to be (0,100), and setting the dynamic variation range of a Gaussian kernel function parameter sigma to be (0,100), wherein chromosomes of each individual consist of (C, sigma);
the second step is that: taking the classification precision of the support vector machine as the fitness value of each individual, and obtaining a corresponding SVM model by each individual through a training data set divided in advance and SVM training on the initial population; then, testing the pre-divided test data set by using an SVM model to obtain the test precision under the SVM model, wherein the precision is the individual fitness;
the third step: carrying out selection operation, cross operation and mutation operation according to a specific algorithm to obtain a new generation of population;
the fourth step: if the population meets the termination condition, namely the classification precision of the support vector machine obtained by each individual meets the requirement or the population iteration frequency reaches a set value, outputting the individual with the best classification precision in the population as an optimal parameter, obtaining the support vector machine with the best classification precision to classify the quality problem, and if the population does not meet the termination condition, continuing to execute the third step.
Further, the selection operation method includes: keeping the individuals with the first 10 fitness value ranks in the population to enter the next generation, and keeping the rest randomly, namely selecting the intermediate value in the fitness value ranks;
the cross operation method comprises the following steps: the cross probability is set as a variable and is reduced along with the increase of evolution algebra, and the formula of the population dynamic cross probability is as follows:
Pd＝Pmax-(Pmax-Pmin)*d/D；
wherein, PdCross probability in the d-th generation; pmaxIs the maximum cross probability; pminIs the minimum cross probability; d is the current evolution algebra; d is the set maximum evolution algebra.
The mutation operation method comprises the following steps: the formula of the population dynamic variation probability is as follows:
Pk＝1–Pkmax；
wherein, PkThe variation rate at the k-th generation; pkmaxIs the maximum fitness value in the parent of the kth generation.
Further, the hard alloy cutter for improving the material adopts a physical method of ultrasonic oscillation and ball milling, or a chemical method to ensure that the graphene can be uniformly dispersed in the alloy powder;
in the process of preparing cobalt powder by a liquid phase reduction method, graphene is uniformly dispersed in Co powder, and the chemical equation for preparing the Co powder is as follows:
Co2++4NaOH→[Co(OH)4]2-+4Na+
2[Co(OH)4]2-+N2H4·H2O→2Co↓+N2↑+5H2O+4OH-
adding graphene into a Co solution, oscillating and dispersing, adding sodium hydroxide to form a Co complex, adding hydrazine for reduction, and precipitating the graphene together with Co to disperse the graphene in Co, wherein the graphene serves as an inclusion of Co heterogeneous nucleation; then ball milling the obtained Co powder and WC;
the hard alloy cutter with the improved preparation material specifically comprises the following steps:
adding the calculated ratio of graphene into an organic solvent to disperse into a uniform suspension;
adding the obtained suspension into WC and Co powder in a calculated ratio, carrying out ball milling and mixing, and mixing graphene and hard alloy powder;
drying the obtained mixed powder;
and sintering and molding the obtained mixed powder.
Further, the Co powder accounts for 11-15 wt% of the alloy raw material, a planetary ball milling device is adopted, the ball milling rotation speed is 150-200 revolutions per minute, the ball milling time is 3-5 hours, and the ball-material ratio is 1: 1-5: 1; the addition range of the graphene in the hard alloy raw material is 1.0-4.5 wt% of the Co amount in the hard alloy raw material;
the drying is carried out in a vacuum environment, and the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃;
the adopted sintering mode is SPS discharge plasma sintering, the sintering temperature is 1100-1550 ℃, the axial pressure is 80-120 MPa, and the heat preservation temperature is 10-30 minutes.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the hard alloy cutter, which comprises the following steps: starting the numerical control equipment and the laser, debugging the size of a light spot by lifting a Z axis and rotating a knob of the laser, enabling the laser to irradiate on a receiving photosensitive surface, checking the signal receiving condition, and simultaneously, finely adjusting the placing position to enable the XOY coordinate of the system to be strictly parallel to the XOY coordinate plane of the three-dimensional printing equipment or the numerical control equipment; after debugging is finished, rotating the C-axis working turntable of the equipment by 360 degrees, checking a track generated by laser on a position sensor, calibrating the center of the platform, and setting the radius of the track to be Rmm; and moving the cutter or the printing nozzle to the center of the laser track to finish the cutter processing.
The graphene added in the first step is single-layer graphene, the dispersion process is ultrasonic oscillation dispersion, the dispersion medium is ethanol solution, and the dispersion time is 30-60 minutes.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the novel heat sink of the micro-cooling device provided by the invention is based on the fluid transverse flow micro-cooling device convection heat exchange theory, the cooling device plays a role in disturbing the flow of fluid working media, the disturbance of the fluid is enhanced, and the effective convection heat exchange area can be increased to a certain extent, so that the heat exchange performance of the novel heat sink is better.
The arrangement mode of the cooling device of the long rhombus (which is shaped like a rhombus, and the tail part of the cooling device is a slender deformed rhombus), namely the shape is deformed from the rhombus, wherein one pair of two adjacent sides is larger than the other pair of adjacent sides, and the cooling medium flows from the short side to the long side) leads the flowing space to form staggered tapered and gradually expanded channels and continuously impacts the wall surface of the pin rib, so that the fluid boundary layer is continuously separated, and the heat transfer is promoted.
Compared with a microchannel heat sink with a rectangular cross section, the diamond-shaped micro-needle rib heat sink has the advantages that the heat convection area is obviously increased, the fluid disturbance is enhanced, the heat dissipation performance is better, and the temperature distribution of the heating surface is more uniform.
Compared with the rhombus micro-cooling device heat sink, the rhombus micro-cooling device heat sink has the advantages that the tail part design avoids the formation of a tail vortex detention area, and therefore the heat exchange performance is higher.
The hardness and strength of the WC-Co alloy are changed along with the change of the Co content, the Co content is high, the strength is high, the hardness is reduced, and vice versa. The coarse grain WC powder can reduce the content of the bonding phase Co, and the low-Co coarse grain alloy has obviously better hardness and wear resistance than the high-Co fine grain alloy while keeping the toughness.
The graphene is dispersed by ultrasonic oscillation in an organic solvent and is subjected to long-time ball milling with the hard alloy raw material powder, so that a good mixing effect can be achieved, the tissue is uniform in the subsequent sintering process, and the sintering defects are reduced.
By utilizing the excellent heat-conducting property and comprehensive mechanical property of the graphene, the heat-conducting property of the hard alloy is improved and the mechanical property of the hard alloy is enhanced. The alloy density is slightly reduced compared with the traditional alloy, which is caused by adding low-density graphene, but the relative density of the alloy reaches more than 98 percent, the compactness is very high, and the internal defects are few; compared with the common hard alloy for the shield, the hardness HRA of the sample prepared by the method is over 95, and the hardness requirements of the shield cutter are met. Compared with a sample without graphene, the fracture toughness can be improved by 48.8%, and the thermal conductivity can be improved by 10.3%.
The invention can effectively solve the Z-direction centering problem of 3D printing and the calibration problem of the center of the XOY plane in numerical control machining. The novel centering device is simple in design, exquisite in structure, good in using effect and long in service life, and is used for Z-direction centering in 3D ink-jet printing and XOY plane tool setting in numerical control machining. The invention can effectively solve the problem of Z-direction centering of the printing nozzle in 3D ink-jet printing and the problem of calibration of the center of an XOY plane in numerical control processing. By using a fine position sensor (resolution of about 3-6 μm), the accuracy of the error in centering is effectively reduced by the previously large deviations.
The invention utilizes some simulation data to prove the feasibility and the accuracy of the method, and the SVM parameters with the optimal classification effect are obtained by using a genetic algorithm: penalized coefficient C and kernel function parameter sigma
Setting various parameters: the population number is 20, the maximum evolution generation number is 100, and the position analysis precision is 95%.
The crossing rate: the maximum cross rate Pmax is 40%, the minimum cross rate Pmin is 10%, and the evolution process comprises the following steps: pd is Pmax- (Pmax-Pmin) D/D.
The mutation rate: the maximum variation rate is 10%, and the evolution process is as follows: pk is 1-Pkmax. The penalty coefficient C obtained by the genetic algorithm is 3, and the kernel function parameter sigma is 0.1.
The invention obtains SVM parameters with optimal classification effect: and training to obtain a GA-SVM classification model by virtue of the penalty coefficient C and the kernel function parameter sigma, and then performing prediction position analysis on data by using the GA-SVM classification model, so that the processing precision can be accurately predicted.
The invention utilizes the actual fault category and the fault category predicted by the prediction model to carry out precision analysis. The classification result of the model shows that the overall analysis precision is 99.2 percent, and the requirement of an enterprise is met. The time consumption of the big data analysis method can be reduced to about 2/3 of the traditional method; when the data volume is further increased, the traditional method cannot process the data, and the big data analysis method can also run quickly and efficiently.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the cooling device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the chip maximum temperature for three channels at different coolant flow rates.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for manufacturing a cemented carbide cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a tool support structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the coordinates and trajectory of a laser on the laser provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a base; 2. a gantry support of the equipment; 3. a device Z axis; 4. a tool holder; 4-1, a first containing hole; 4-2, a second containing hole; 4-3, a cutter bracket mounting hole; 5. printing a spray head; 6. printing a spray head fixture; 7. printing a nozzle protective sleeve; 8. a laser; 9. a two-dimensional precision position sensor; 10. a C-axis working turntable is arranged; 11. a high precision position sensor signal acquisition processing board; point A-track circle center coordinates; point B-laser start coordinate; 12. a substrate; 13. a cooling device; 1301. a microfluidic channel; 1302. a square body; 14. a cooling medium.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a cooling device 13 disposed on a substrate 12, the cooling device 13 having a plurality of staggered micro-fluid channels 1301 formed therein, the cooling device 13 being formed by a plurality of quadrate 1302 in a staggered manner; the horizontal section of the square 1302 is a quadrangle, the diagonals of the quadrangle are perpendicular to each other, one pair of diagonals is equal, and the other pair of diagonals is not equal; one pair of opposite corners of the quadrangle, which are equal, are obtuse angles, and the cooling medium 14 flows from one end of the larger corner to one end of the smaller corner of the other pair of opposite corners of the quadrangle. The staggered microfluidic flow spaces (i.e., microfluidic channels) formed by the plurality of quadrants within the cooling device 13 are staggered tapered and diverging channels within which the cooling medium 14 flows. The quadrilateral has two pairs of respectively equal adjacent sides, wherein one pair of equal adjacent sides is larger than the other pair of equal adjacent sides; the cooling medium 14 contacts the shorter pair of adjacent sides first and then contacts the longer pair of adjacent sides, i.e. the flow direction of the cooling medium 14 is from the shorter pair of adjacent sides to the longer pair of adjacent sides of the quadrilateral. The height of the cooling device 13 is 200 micrometers and the equivalent diameter is 200 micrometers. The cooling working medium of the micro-fluid channel is ethanol, glycol, pure water or deionized water. The substrate 12 may be made of a silicon material with high thermal conductivity or a ceramic material with high thermal conductivity. The thickness of the substrate 12 is 0.4 mm.
The micro-cooling device heat sink is processed on the silicon substrate by adopting a Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) technology or is processed by adopting an MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) processing technology.
The arrangement mode of the tetragonal cooling device of the invention is characterized in that the horizontal section of the tetragonal body is a quadrangle, the diagonals of the quadrangle are mutually vertical, one pair of diagonals are equal, and the other pair of diagonals are not equal; one pair of opposite corners of the quadrangle which are equal is an obtuse angle, and the cooling medium flows from one end of a larger corner to one end of a smaller corner of the other pair of opposite corners of the quadrangle. Therefore, the flow space forms staggered gradually-reduced and gradually-expanded channels, the cooling medium continuously impacts the wall surface of the pin fin, the fluid boundary layer is continuously separated, and heat transfer is promoted. The tetragonal needle rib is superior to the rhombic needle rib in that the design of the tail part avoids the formation of a wake vortex detention area, and the heat exchange performance of the heat sink is improved.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, a system for manufacturing a cemented carbide tool according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a base 1, a device gantry support 2, a device Z shaft 3, a cutter support 4, a printing nozzle 5, a printing nozzle clamp 6, a printing nozzle protective sleeve 7, a laser 8, a two-dimensional precise position sensor 9, a device C shaft working turntable 10 and a high-precision position sensor signal acquisition processing board 11.
The cutter support 4 is provided with a first containing hole 4-1 and a second containing hole 4-2, the first containing hole 4-1 and the second containing hole 4-2 keep a certain center distance dmm and axis parallelism, and are respectively used for installing a printing spray head 5 and a laser 8. The distance between the second containing hole 4-2 and the center of the numerical control main shaft is Dmm; the cutter support 4 is arranged on the Z axis 3 direction of the equipment and can move up and down along with the Z axis. Ensuring that the plane of the cutter support 4 is parallel to the C-axis working rotary table 10 and is vertical to the Z axis 3 of the equipment; the printing nozzle protective sleeve 7 is arranged above the first accommodating hole 4-1 on the cutter support 4 along with the printing nozzle 5, and is fixed on the cutter support 4 by using a fastening bolt, and the printing nozzle 5 is in tight fit with the first accommodating hole 4-1; the high-precision position sensor 10 has the resolution of 3-5 mu m, can effectively identify light beams with different wave bands, has the detection range of 9mm multiplied by 9mm in a square area, is arranged in the central area of a C-axis working turntable of equipment, and ensures that the high-precision position sensor is parallel to a table top in the installation process; the high-precision position sensor signal acquisition and processing board 11 is used for processing signals acquired by the sensor, converting the signals into digital signals which can be identified, and is fixed on the base 1 and respectively connected with the sensor and upper computer software; the laser 8 is mounted in the second accommodating hole 4-2 by using a fastening bolt, the center distance between the axis of the laser 8 and the center of the printing nozzle 5 is dmm, and the laser 8 is a linear laser with adjustable spot size. When the device is applied to the field of numerical control machining and 3D ink-jet printing, the numerical control equipment and the laser 8 are started only after the novel centering device is installed, and the size of a light spot is debugged by lifting a Z axis and rotating a knob of the laser 8, so that laser irradiates on a receiving photosensitive surface to check the signal receiving condition; after debugging is finished, rotating the C-axis working rotary table 10 of the equipment by 360 degrees, checking a track generated by laser on a position sensor, and calibrating the center of the platform, wherein the radius of the track is Rmm; and then the printing spray head 5 or the cutter is moved to the center of the laser track, and the centering can be completed.
When the novel high-precision centering device is applied to centering of a numerical control equipment cutter, the novel high-precision centering device comprises a cutter support 4, a laser 8, a two-dimensional high-precision position sensor 9 and a high-precision position sensor signal acquisition processing board 11; the cutter bracket 4 is arranged on the Z axis 3 of the equipment through a mounting hole, can move up and down along the Z axis, is provided with a second containing hole 4-2, has a center distance Dmm with the main shaft and is used for mounting a laser 8; the laser 8 is installed in the second accommodating hole 4-2 by using two fastening bolts, and the laser 8 is a linear laser with an adjustable spot size. The two-dimensional high-precision position sensor 9 has the resolution of 3-5 mu m, the detection range of 9 multiplied by 9mm square area, is fixed in the central area of the C-axis working turntable 10 of the equipment, and uses a measuring tool to detect in the installation process so as to adjust the plane parallelism of the two-dimensional high-precision position sensor 9 and the C-axis working turntable 10 of the equipment; and the high-precision position sensor signal acquisition and processing board 11 is used for processing signals acquired by the sensors, converting the signals into recognizable digital signals, and is arranged on an equipment plane to be respectively connected with the sensors and an upper computer, so that the good connection is ensured. After the novel centering device is installed, starting a numerical control device, a laser 8 and a two-dimensional high-precision sensor 9, and starting centering and debugging; firstly, moving a laser 8 above a two-dimensional high-precision sensor, irradiating laser on a receiving photosensitive surface to enable the sensor to display corresponding spot position information, and then adjusting the spot size to enable the system to reach the optimal state; the C-axis of the apparatus is then rotated to operate the turntable 10 so that the movement trace of the laser is recorded.
After the installation is completed as shown in fig. 4, the printing equipment, the laser 8 and the two-dimensional high-precision sensor 9 are started, and the centering debugging is started; when the three-dimensional printing equipment nozzle is centered, firstly, the laser 8 is moved above the two-dimensional high-precision sensor, the laser is irradiated on the receiving photosensitive surface, so that the sensor displays corresponding light spot position information, and then the size of the light spot is adjusted, so that the system reaches the optimal state; then, the C-axis working turntable 10 of the apparatus is rotated to record the laser beamThe motion track of (2) can be displayed as a circular track with a certain radius on the upper computer software as shown in fig. 3, wherein B (X1, Y1) is the laser starting position, and the circle center a (X0, Y0) is the required central point; marking the radius of the circular motion track of the laser as R
Figure RE-GDA0002800056840000131
The equipment gantry support 2 is moved along the guide rail in the X direction (d + | (X)0-X1) I) mm, and moving the printing head along the guide rail in the Y direction (| (Y)0-Y1) |) mm to the center of the laser motion track, and then inputting new XY position coordinates of the printing nozzle in the program to complete centering setting. When the numerical control equipment is centered, the upper computer software can display a circular track with a certain radius, wherein B (X1, Y1) is the laser starting position, and the circle center A (X0, Y0) is the required central point; marking the radius of the circular motion track of the laser, and recording as R, then
Figure RE-GDA0002800056840000141
The gantry support 2 is moved along the guide rails in the X direction (D + | (X)0-X1) I) mm, moving the main shaft along the guide rail in the Y direction (| (Y)0-Y1) |) mm to the center of the laser motion track, and then inputting new XY position coordinates of the cutter in the program to finish the center calibration of the XY plane of the numerical control machine tool.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the invention, three microchannel radiators are simulated, and Solidworks is adopted to establish a microchannel heat sink, rhombic microneedle rib heat sink and rhomboidal microneedle rib heat sink model, and the model is led into ANSYS-CFX for fluid simulation.
The parameter setting and simulation results are as follows:
chip size: 2mm × 8mm × 0.5 mm;
micro-needle rib area: 2.2mm × 10mm × 0.2 mm;
micro-needle rib heat sink: 4mm × 20mm × 0.6 mm;
simulation setting:
cooling working medium: water; micro-channel heat sink: silicon;
setting a heat source: coreThe heat generation rate of the tablet is 5X 108W/m3；
The convective heat transfer coefficient between the chip and the radiator and the ambient air is 20W/m2K. The temperature of the coolant is 293K, and the ambient temperature is 298K;
and building a simulation model, setting solving parameters, solving, and finally observing a solving result.
From the simulation through three microchannel heat sinks at different coolant flow rates, the highest on-chip temperature values were obtained, as can be seen in fig. 3: the micro-cooling device designed in the invention has good heat dissipation effect on the micro-channel and the rhombic micro-cooling device used for the electronic packaging device.
Figure BDA0002679386930000151
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the graphene-doped hard alloy comprises the following steps:
weighing WC and Co powder with a certain mass, wherein the content of the Co powder accounts for 12 wt% of the alloy raw material, ultrasonically dispersing 2 wt% of graphene relative to Co in ethanol for 30 minutes, then taking the ethanol suspension of the graphene as a ball milling medium, carrying out ball milling mixing with the WC and Co powder, carrying out ball milling for 5 hours at 180 revolutions per minute in a planetary ball mill, then carrying out SPS sintering molding after vacuum drying, carrying out sintering at 1300 ℃, keeping the axial pressure at 90MPa for 15 minutes, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the graphene-doped hard alloy. The properties are shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 2 the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the amount of graphene added is 3.5 wt% of the amount of Co, and the properties thereof are shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3 the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the amount of graphene added is 5 wt% of the amount of Co, and the properties thereof are shown in table 1.
Embodiment 4 the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the amount of graphene added is 4.5 wt% of the amount of Co, and the properties thereof are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of samples obtained in examples 1 to 5
Figure BDA0002679386930000161
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure should be limited only by the attached claims.

Claims (10)

1. A cemented carbide tool manufacturing system, comprising:
a tool holder;
the cutter bracket is arranged on the Z axis of the equipment through a mounting hole; the Z axis of the equipment is provided with a laser through a fastening bolt on the second accommodating hole;
the high-precision position sensor is fixed in the central area of the C-axis working turntable of the equipment;
the high-precision position sensor signal acquisition processing board is fixed on the base, is used for processing signals acquired by the high-precision position sensor, converting the signals into recognizable digital signals, and is arranged on the plane of the equipment to be respectively connected with the high-precision position sensor and the upper computer;
a hard alloy cutter with improved material is placed on the base;
a right base and a cooling device arranged on the base are arranged on the C-axis working turntable of the equipment, staggered micro-fluid channels are formed in the cooling device, and the cooling device is formed by a plurality of quadrate bodies in a staggered distribution manner; the horizontal section of the square body is a quadrangle, the diagonals of the quadrangle are perpendicular to each other, one pair of diagonals are equal, and the other pair of diagonals are not equal; one pair of opposite corners of the quadrangle which are equal is an obtuse angle, and the cooling medium flows from one end of the larger corner to one end of the smaller corner of the other pair of opposite corners of the quadrangle;
the upper computer is provided with a product position data analysis module and used for storing historical data of tool movement and laser movement and providing data analysis and mining services, and the data comprises: measurement data, test data, assembly process data, process data and monitoring data;
the product position data analysis module is used for constructing an initial SVM model, optimizing and selecting parameters of the SVM model by using a genetic algorithm, taking the classification precision of the SVM model as a fitness function in the genetic algorithm, and obtaining the parameters of the SVM model with the optimal classification precision of the cutter motion and the laser motion track if the classification precision of the SVM model meets the requirements of conditions or evolution algebra; obtaining a final GA-SVM model; and if the stopping condition is not met, continuing optimizing the model until the requirements of the condition are met.
2. The system for preparing a cemented carbide tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of tetragonal-formed staggered microfluidic flow spaces in the cooling device are staggered tapered and diverging channels in which the cooling medium flows;
the quadrilateral has two pairs of respectively equal adjacent sides, wherein one pair of equal adjacent sides is larger than the other pair of equal adjacent sides; the cooling medium contacts the shorter pair of adjacent sides first and then contacts the longer pair of adjacent sides, i.e., the flow direction of the cooling medium flows from the shorter pair of adjacent sides to the longer pair of adjacent sides of the quadrangle.
3. The system for preparing a cemented carbide tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cooling medium of the micro-fluid channel is ethanol, ethylene glycol, pure water or deionized water;
the base is made of silicon material with high thermal conductivity or ceramic material with high thermal conductivity;
the cooling device is processed on the silicon substrate by adopting a Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) technology or processed by adopting an MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) processing technology.
4. The system for preparing a cemented carbide tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tool holder is provided with a first receiving hole and a second receiving hole; the first containing hole and the second containing hole are respectively used for installing a printing spray head and a laser.
5. The system for preparing hard metal cutting tools according to claim 1, wherein the printing nozzle protective sleeve and the printing nozzle are arranged above the first containing hole and fixed on the bracket through the fastening bolt.
6. The system for preparing cemented carbide tools according to claim 1, wherein the genetic algorithm is a method for optimal selection of parameters of an SVM model comprising:
the first step is as follows: initializing a population, generating a certain number of individuals as an initial population, setting the number of the population to be 20, setting the maximum evolutionary algebra to be 100, setting the dynamic variation range of a penalty factor C to be (0,100), and setting the dynamic variation range of a Gaussian kernel function parameter sigma to be (0,100), wherein chromosomes of each individual consist of (C, sigma);
the second step is that: taking the classification precision of the support vector machine as the fitness value of each individual, and obtaining a corresponding SVM model by each individual through a training data set which is divided in advance and SVM training on the initial population; then, testing the pre-divided test data set by using an SVM model to obtain the test precision under the SVM model, wherein the precision is the individual fitness;
the third step: carrying out selection operation, cross operation and mutation operation according to a specific algorithm to obtain a new generation of population;
the fourth step: if the population meets the termination condition, namely the classification precision of the support vector machine obtained by each individual meets the requirement or the population iteration frequency reaches a set value, outputting the individual with the best classification precision in the population as an optimal parameter, obtaining the support vector machine model with the optimal classification precision to classify the quality problem, and if the termination condition is not met, continuing to execute the third step.
7. The system for preparing a cemented carbide tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the selection algorithm comprises: keeping the individuals with the first 10 fitness value ranks in the population to enter the next generation, and randomly keeping the rest, namely selecting the intermediate value in the fitness value ranks;
the cross operation method comprises the following steps: the cross probability is set as a variable and is reduced along with the increase of evolution algebra, and the formula of the population dynamic cross probability is as follows:
Pd＝Pmax-(Pmax-Pmin)*d/D；
wherein, PdCross probability in the d-th generation; pmaxIs the maximum cross probability; pminIs the minimum cross probability; d is the current evolution algebra; d is a set maximum evolution algebra;
the mutation operation method comprises the following steps: the formula of the population dynamic variation probability is as follows:
Pk＝1–Pkmax；
wherein, PkThe variation rate at the k-th generation; pkmaxIs the maximum fitness value in the parent of the kth generation.
8. The system for preparing the cemented carbide tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cemented carbide tool modified by the material adopts a physical method of ultrasonic oscillation and ball milling, or a chemical method to enable graphene to be uniformly dispersed in alloy powder;
in the process of preparing cobalt powder by a liquid phase reduction method, graphene is uniformly dispersed in Co powder, and the chemical equation for preparing the Co powder is as follows:
Co2++4NaOH→[Co(OH)4]2-+4Na+
2[Co(OH)4]2-+N2H4·H2O→2Co↓+N2↑+5H2O+4OH-
adding graphene into a Co solution, oscillating and dispersing, adding sodium hydroxide to form a Co complex, adding hydrazine for reduction, and precipitating the graphene together with Co to disperse the graphene in Co, wherein the graphene serves as an inclusion of Co heterogeneous nucleation; then ball milling the obtained Co powder and WC;
the hard alloy cutter with the improved preparation material specifically comprises the following steps:
adding the calculated ratio of graphene into an organic solvent to disperse into a uniform suspension;
adding the obtained suspension into WC and Co powder in a calculated ratio, carrying out ball milling and mixing, and mixing graphene and hard alloy powder;
drying the obtained mixed powder;
and sintering and molding the obtained mixed powder.
9. The system for preparing the hard alloy cutter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Co powder accounts for 11 wt% -15 wt% of the alloy raw material, a planetary ball milling device is adopted, the ball milling rotation speed is 150-; the addition range of the graphene in the hard alloy raw material is 1.0-4.5 wt% of the Co amount in the hard alloy raw material;
the drying is carried out in a vacuum environment, and the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃;
the adopted sintering mode is SPS discharge plasma sintering, the sintering temperature is 1100-1550 ℃, the axial pressure is 80-120 MPa, and the heat preservation temperature is 10-30 minutes.
10. A method for preparing a hard alloy cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps: starting the numerical control equipment and the laser, debugging the size of the light spot by lifting a Z axis and rotating a knob of the laser, so that the laser irradiates on a receiving photosensitive surface, checking the signal receiving condition and finely adjusting the placing position to ensure that the XOY coordinate of the system is strictly parallel to the XOY coordinate plane of the three-dimensional printing equipment or the numerical control equipment; after debugging is finished, rotating the C-axis working turntable of the equipment by 360 degrees, checking a track generated by laser on a position sensor, calibrating the center of the platform, and setting the radius of the track to be Rmm; moving the cutter or the printing nozzle to the center of the laser track to finish the cutter processing;
the graphene added in the step one is single-layer graphene, the dispersion process is ultrasonic oscillation dispersion, the dispersion medium is an ethanol solution, and the dispersion time is 30-60 minutes.
CN202010958202.2A 2020-09-14 2020-09-14 Preparation system and method of hard alloy cutter Pending CN112222405A (en)

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