CN112219647A - Green and harmless planting method of strawberries - Google Patents

Green and harmless planting method of strawberries Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112219647A
CN112219647A CN202010968618.2A CN202010968618A CN112219647A CN 112219647 A CN112219647 A CN 112219647A CN 202010968618 A CN202010968618 A CN 202010968618A CN 112219647 A CN112219647 A CN 112219647A
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parts
strawberries
planting
strawberry
green
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姚其兵
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Ma'anshan Seasons Fruit Industry Co ltd
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Ma'anshan Seasons Fruit Industry Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/42Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/14Boron; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a green and harmless planting method of strawberries, which belongs to the technical field of planting and comprises the following steps: (1) seedling cultivation, (2) seedling transplantation, (3) daily management, and (4) finished product harvesting. The method has the advantages of simple overall steps, easy popularization and commercial application, green and harmless characteristics, and good quality and high yield of the cultivated strawberries.

Description

Green and harmless planting method of strawberries
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly relates to a green and harmless planting method of strawberries.
Background
In recent years, the strawberry industry in China develops rapidly, obvious economic benefits and social benefits are brought to main production areas, and in some areas, the strawberry planting industry also becomes the economic support industry in local rural areas. By 2015, the strawberry cultivation area in China reaches 15 million hectares, the total yield is more than 200 million tons throughout the country, and the exported strawberries per year exceed 12 million tons, so that the strawberry cultivation area becomes the largest strawberry production and processing export country in the world.
The natural germination rate of strawberry seeds is generally 30-40%, the emergence rate is low, the emergence is irregular, some strawberry seeds germinate 10 days after sowing, and some strawberry seeds germinate 40 days or even 90 days, so that the difficulty is increased for seedling management including seedling transplanting, labor and time are wasted, and the seeds need to be subjected to pre-sowing treatment.
Especially, in recent years, the social development leads to deepening of soil pollution, when the deterioration of the growth environment is increased, the germination and growth of strawberry seeds are more adversely affected, and the yield, the fruit quality and the like of subsequent planting are also affected, so that the benefit and the safety of strawberry planting are seriously challenged. Therefore, a planting method which is safer, green, harmless and good in economic benefit needs to be searched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a green and harmless planting method for strawberries.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a green harmless planting method of strawberries comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling cultivation:
a. putting the strawberry seeds into the modified soak solution for soaking treatment, and taking out for later use after 1-1.5 h;
b. b, placing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation a into an irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and taking out for later use after 8-10 min;
c. putting the strawberry seeds treated in the operation b into a constant temperature box for heat preservation and germination acceleration, and taking out for later use after treatment for 5-7 h;
d. sowing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation c in a seedling tray until 3-4 true leaves grow out of the seedlings, and obtaining strawberry seedlings for later use;
(2) transplanting seedlings:
transplanting the strawberry seedlings bred in the step (1) into a planting field, and watering immediately after the transplanting is finished;
(3) daily management:
a. watering the planting field regularly to keep the soil of the planting field moist and not dry;
b. applying special fertilizer for strawberries regularly according to soil moisture content, and watering once after each fertilization;
c. weeding the planting field regularly;
(4) and (4) finished product harvesting:
and (5) harvesting in time after the strawberry fruits are ripe.
Further, the modified soak solution in the operation a of the step (1) comprises the following components in corresponding content: 230-250 ppm of prohexadione calcium, 100-160 ppm of brassinolide, 0.25-0.3 wt% of rare earth nitrate, 5-8 wt% of glucose, 1-3 wt% of urea, 0.8-1.5 wt% of potassium fulvate, 70-90 mg/L of zeatin, 120-130 mg/L of flurtamone, 40-60 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 80-90 mg/L of boric acid and the balance of water.
Further, the irradiation treatment described in operation b of step (1) is carried out by60Co-gamma ray irradiation treatment is carried out, and the irradiation dose rate is controlled to be 5.0-5.5 Gy/min.
Further, the temperature in the constant temperature box in the operation c of the step (1) is 24-27 ℃.
Further, the environmental temperature of the seedling raising tray in the operation d of the step (1) is controlled to be 24-27 ℃, and the relative humidity is 75-80%.
Further, the special fertilizer for strawberries in the operation b of the step (3) is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight: 80-85 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of ammonium chloride, 8-10 parts of potassium carbonate, 16-19 parts of potassium fulvate, 20-25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 30-35 parts of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of zinc chloride, 4-8 parts of silicon fertilizer, 10-20 parts of manganese fertilizer, 6-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 7-13 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-5 parts of boric acid, 4-8 parts of nitrilotriacetic acid, 3-6 parts of filler and 10-14 parts of additive.
Further, the filler is any one of attapulgite, kaolin and diatomite.
Further, the additive is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2-4 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 1-3 parts of chinaberry fruit, 2-5 parts of fructus cnidii, 3-6 parts of houttuynia cordata and 200-220 parts of water.
Further, the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: mixing radix astragali, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, chinaberry fruit, fructus cnidii, herba houttuyniae and water, heating, boiling and boiling for 2-2.5 h, filtering, and finally heating and concentrating the obtained filtrate to 20-25% of the original volume to obtain the additive.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention changes the conventional planting method of strawberries, effectively improves the planting quality and benefits of strawberries, wherein the seedling is firstly cultivated, the special modified soak solution is firstly used for soaking treatment, the modified soak solution contains a large amount of macronutrient, mesonutrient and micronutrient ingredients, which is beneficial to improving the content of nutrient substances in seeds, lays a good material foundation for the subsequent germination of the seeds, the added brassinolide and the rare earth nitrate can enhance the drought resistance, cold resistance, temperature resistance and other characteristics of the strawberry plants, and then the subsequent cultivation is carried out60Co-gamma ray irradiation treatment is utilized to improve the activity and the germination survival rate of the seeds, and the treatment effect of the modified soaking solution can be synergistically improved, so that the weather resistance and the growth characteristic of strawberry seedlings are effectively improved, the development quality of the seedlings is enhanced, the cultivated seedlings have strong growth adaptability, and the heavy metal resistance and other component characteristics are good; then in daily management, the special fertilizer for the strawberries is used, the content of each element and the proportion of each kind of element are adjusted on the raw material components, the addition of the potassium element is properly increased, the stability of plant body fluid is enhanced, the drought resistance is improved, and the special fertilizer is suitable for large-scale productionThe secondary trace elements are reasonably added into the quantitative elements for auxiliary use, the added calcium nitrate can effectively improve the activity of plant cells, regulate the water filling degree, viscosity, elasticity and permeability of the cells, maintain the cells in a normal physiological state, enhance the regulation capability under the condition of much water, enhance the growth quality of cell membranes by adding silicon fertilizer, manganese fertilizer and the like, further enhance the stress resistance of the cells, simultaneously effectively play roles of competing with heavy metal to exchange adsorption sites, causing heavy metal complex precipitation with the action of other element ions and the like in order to weaken the forcing of heavy metal elements on the plants, effectively reduce the proportion of the effective action forms of the heavy metals, reduce the stress action on the plants and increase the absorption of effective nutrient components; the added additive is green and safe, can improve the defense capacity of plants against plant diseases and insect pests, and is beneficial to the growth of strawberry plants; by matching with the excellent growth characteristics of the seedlings, the nutrition enrichment foundation of strawberry fruits is ensured, and the yield and the quality of strawberries are increased. The method has the advantages of simple overall steps, easy popularization and commercial application, green and harmless characteristics, good quality of the cultivated strawberries, high yield and high market competitiveness.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A green harmless planting method of strawberries comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling cultivation:
a. putting the strawberry seeds into the modified soak solution for soaking treatment, and taking out for later use after 1 h;
b. b, placing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation a into an irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and taking out for later use after 8 min;
c. putting the strawberry seeds treated in the operation b into a constant temperature box for heat preservation and germination acceleration, and taking out for later use after treatment for 5 hours;
d. sowing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation c in a seedling tray until 3-4 true leaves grow out of the seedlings, and obtaining strawberry seedlings for later use;
(2) transplanting seedlings:
transplanting the strawberry seedlings bred in the step (1) into a planting field, and watering immediately after the transplanting is finished;
(3) daily management:
a. watering the planting field regularly to keep the soil of the planting field moist and not dry;
b. applying special fertilizer for strawberries regularly according to soil moisture content, and watering once after each fertilization;
c. weeding the planting field regularly;
(4) and (4) finished product harvesting:
and (5) harvesting in time after the strawberry fruits are ripe.
The modified soak solution in the operation a in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 230ppm of prohexadione calcium, 100ppm of brassinolide, 0.25 wt% of nitric acid rare earth salt, 5 wt% of glucose, 1 wt% of urea, 0.8 wt% of potassium fulvate, 70mg/L of zeatin, 120mg/L of flurtamone, 40mg/L of potassium nitrate, 80mg/L of boric acid and the balance of water.
The irradiation treatment described in operation b of step (1) is carried out by60Co-gamma ray irradiation treatment is carried out, and the irradiation dose rate is controlled to be 5.0 Gy/min.
The temperature in the incubator in operation c of step (1) was 24 ℃.
And (3) controlling the environmental temperature of the seedling raising tray in the operation d of the step (1) to be 24 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 75%.
The special fertilizer for strawberries in the operation b in the step (3) is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight: 80 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium chloride, 8 parts of potassium carbonate, 16 parts of potassium fulvate, 20 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of potassium chloride, 2 parts of zinc chloride, 4 parts of silicon fertilizer, 10 parts of manganese fertilizer, 6 parts of calcium nitrate, 7 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of nitrilotriacetic acid, 3 parts of filler and 10 parts of additive.
The filler is attapulgite.
The additive is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight: 8 parts of astragalus, 2 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 1 part of chinaberry fruit, 2 parts of common cnidium fruit, 3 parts of heartleaf houttuynia herb and 200 parts of water.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: mixing radix astragali, Atractylodis rhizoma, fructus Toosendan, fructus Cnidii, herba Houttuyniae and water, heating and boiling for 2 hr, filtering, and heating and concentrating the filtrate to 20% of the original volume to obtain the additive.
Example 2
A green harmless planting method of strawberries comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling cultivation:
a. putting the strawberry seeds into the modified soak solution for soaking treatment, and taking out for later use after 1.3 h;
b. b, placing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation a into an irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and taking out for later use after 9 min;
c. putting the strawberry seeds treated in the operation b into a constant temperature box for heat preservation and germination acceleration, and taking out for later use after treatment for 6 hours;
d. sowing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation c in a seedling tray until 3-4 true leaves grow out of the seedlings, and obtaining strawberry seedlings for later use;
(2) transplanting seedlings:
transplanting the strawberry seedlings bred in the step (1) into a planting field, and watering immediately after the transplanting is finished;
(3) daily management:
a. watering the planting field regularly to keep the soil of the planting field moist and not dry;
b. applying special fertilizer for strawberries regularly according to soil moisture content, and watering once after each fertilization;
c. weeding the planting field regularly;
(4) and (4) finished product harvesting:
and (5) harvesting in time after the strawberry fruits are ripe.
The modified soak solution in the operation a in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 240ppm of prohexadione calcium, 140ppm of brassinolide, 0.28 wt% of nitric acid rare earth salt, 7 wt% of glucose, 2 wt% of urea, 1 wt% of fulvic acid potassium, 80mg/L of zeatin, 125mg/L of flurtamone, 50mg/L of potassium nitrate, 85mg/L of boric acid and the balance of water.
The irradiation treatment described in operation b of step (1) is carried out by60Co-gamma ray irradiation treatment is carried out, and the irradiation dose rate is controlled to be 5.3 Gy/min.
The temperature in the incubator in operation c of step (1) was 26 ℃.
The environmental temperature of the seedling raising tray in the operation d of the step (1) is controlled to be 25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 78%.
The special fertilizer for strawberries in the operation b in the step (3) is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight: 83 parts of urea, 17 parts of ammonium chloride, 9 parts of potassium carbonate, 18 parts of potassium fulvate, 23 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 32 parts of potassium chloride, 4 parts of zinc chloride, 6 parts of silicon fertilizer, 15 parts of manganese fertilizer, 9 parts of calcium nitrate, 12 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of zinc sulfate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 4 parts of boric acid, 6 parts of nitrilotriacetic acid, 5 parts of filler and 12 parts of additive.
The filler is kaolin.
The additive is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight: 9 parts of astragalus, 3 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 2 parts of chinaberry fruit, 4 parts of common cnidium fruit, 5 parts of heartleaf houttuynia herb and 210 parts of water.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: mixing radix astragali, Atractylodis rhizoma, fructus Toosendan, fructus Cnidii, herba Houttuyniae and water, heating and boiling for 2.3 hr, filtering, and heating and concentrating the filtrate to 24% of the original volume to obtain the additive.
Example 3
A green harmless planting method of strawberries comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling cultivation:
a. putting the strawberry seeds into the modified soak solution for soaking treatment, and taking out for later use after 1.5 h;
b. b, placing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation a into an irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and taking out for later use after 10 min;
c. putting the strawberry seeds treated in the operation b into a constant temperature box for heat preservation and germination acceleration, and taking out for later use after treatment for 7 hours;
d. sowing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation c in a seedling tray until 3-4 true leaves grow out of the seedlings, and obtaining strawberry seedlings for later use;
(2) transplanting seedlings:
transplanting the strawberry seedlings bred in the step (1) into a planting field, and watering immediately after the transplanting is finished;
(3) daily management:
a. watering the planting field regularly to keep the soil of the planting field moist and not dry;
b. applying special fertilizer for strawberries regularly according to soil moisture content, and watering once after each fertilization;
c. weeding the planting field regularly;
(4) and (4) finished product harvesting:
and (5) harvesting in time after the strawberry fruits are ripe.
The modified soak solution in the operation a in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 250ppm of prohexadione calcium, 160ppm of brassinolide, 0.3 wt% of nitric acid rare earth salt, 8 wt% of glucose, 3 wt% of urea, 1.5 wt% of potassium fulvate, 90mg/L of zeatin, 130mg/L of flurtamone, 60mg/L of potassium nitrate, 90mg/L of boric acid and the balance of water.
The irradiation treatment described in operation b of step (1) is carried out by60Co-gamma ray irradiation treatment is carried out, and the irradiation dose rate is controlled to be 5.5 Gy/min.
The temperature in the incubator in operation c of step (1) was 27 ℃.
The environmental temperature of the seedling raising tray in the operation d of the step (1) is controlled to be 27 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80%.
The special fertilizer for strawberries in the operation b in the step (3) is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight: 85 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium chloride, 10 parts of potassium carbonate, 19 parts of potassium fulvate, 25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 35 parts of potassium chloride, 5 parts of zinc chloride, 8 parts of silicon fertilizer, 20 parts of manganese fertilizer, 10 parts of calcium nitrate, 13 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of boric acid, 8 parts of nitrilotriacetic acid, 6 parts of filler and 14 parts of additive.
The filler is diatomite.
The additive is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight: 10 parts of astragalus, 4 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 3 parts of chinaberry fruit, 5 parts of common cnidium fruit, 6 parts of heartleaf houttuynia herb and 220 parts of water.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: mixing radix astragali, Atractylodis rhizoma, fructus Toosendan, fructus Cnidii, herba Houttuyniae and water, heating and boiling for 2.5 hr, filtering, and heating and concentrating the filtrate to 25% of original volume to obtain the final product.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 is different from example 2 only in that the operation a in the seedling cultivation in the step (1) is omitted except that the other process steps are the same.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example 2 is different from example 2 only in that the operation b in the seedling cultivation in the step (1) is omitted except that the other process steps are the same.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example 3 is different from example 2 only in that the fertilizer special for strawberry of operation b in the daily management of step (3) is omitted and replaced by a conventional ternary fertilizer, except that the steps of the other methods are the same.
In order to compare the effects of the invention, the same planting field is selected, then partitioned and isolated, specifically divided into four, the fertilizers corresponding to the above example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 are used for planting management, and finally, the statistics and detection of yield and quality are carried out after the fruit is mature. The method comprises the following steps of firstly determining the initial soil nutrient condition in a planting field before an experiment, wherein the specific operation is as follows: firstly, taking a soil sample from a planting field, wherein the sampling depth is 0-20 cm, removing plant residues from the soil sample, air-drying and uniformly mixing the soil sample, grinding the soil sample by using a 1mm sieve for later use, then carrying out physical and chemical property test, measuring the pH of the soil by using a pHS-4C + type precision pH meter, measuring the content of organic matters by using a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, measuring the total nitrogen by using an ammonium acetate method for CEC, measuring the total nitrogen by using a half-micro Kelvin method, measuring the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen by using an alkaline de-diffusion method, and measuring the available phosphorus of the soil by using 0.5 mol.-1NaHCO32 mol. L for effective potassium by method measurement-1HNO3Leaching-flame photometry determination, and using HCl-HNO to detect all Cd3-HF-HClO4Digestion, measurement by graphite furnace atomic absorption Spectrophotometer method (novAA 400-Yena, Germany), and determination of total Pb by ICP-AES (TJA)USA). The specific data are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002683252570000101
As can be seen from the above table 2, the soil in the selected planting field has high cadmium and lead contents, belongs to moderate pollution, and namely has certain influence on the normal growth of the strawberries.
The following table 2 shows comparative data of each group cultured by the corresponding method:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002683252570000102
Figure BDA0002683252570000111
As can be seen from the above table 2, the method of the invention can obviously improve the planting benefit and the quality of the strawberries, can well ensure the planting benefit and the fruit quality even in the polluted soil, and has great popularization and application values.

Claims (9)

1. A green harmless planting method of strawberries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seedling cultivation:
a. putting the strawberry seeds into the modified soak solution for soaking treatment, and taking out for later use after 1-1.5 h;
b. b, placing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation a into an irradiation box for irradiation treatment, and taking out for later use after 8-10 min;
c. putting the strawberry seeds treated in the operation b into a constant temperature box for heat preservation and germination acceleration, and taking out for later use after treatment for 5-7 h;
d. sowing the strawberry seeds treated in the operation c in a seedling tray until 3-4 true leaves grow out of the seedlings, and obtaining strawberry seedlings for later use;
(2) transplanting seedlings:
transplanting the strawberry seedlings bred in the step (1) into a planting field, and watering immediately after the transplanting is finished;
(3) daily management:
a. watering the planting field regularly to keep the soil of the planting field moist and not dry;
b. applying special fertilizer for strawberries regularly according to soil moisture content, and watering once after each fertilization;
c. weeding the planting field regularly;
(4) and (4) finished product harvesting:
and (5) harvesting in time after the strawberry fruits are ripe.
2. The green harmless planting method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the modified soaking solution in step (1) operation a comprises the following components in corresponding content: 230-250 ppm of prohexadione calcium, 100-160 ppm of brassinolide, 0.25-0.3 wt% of rare earth nitrate, 5-8 wt% of glucose, 1-3 wt% of urea, 0.8-1.5 wt% of potassium fulvate, 70-90 mg/L of zeatin, 120-130 mg/L of flurtamone, 40-60 mg/L of potassium nitrate, 80-90 mg/L of boric acid and the balance of water.
3. A green harmless planting method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein said irradiation treatment in step (1) and operation b is carried out60Co-gamma ray irradiation treatment is carried out, and the irradiation dose rate is controlled to be 5.0-5.5 Gy/min.
4. A green harmless planting method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature in the incubator in operation c of step (1) is 24-27 ℃.
5. The method for planting strawberries in a green and harmless manner according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the nursery site in operation d of step (1) is controlled to be 24-27 ℃ and the relative humidity is controlled to be 75-80%.
6. The green harmless planting method of strawberries as claimed in claim 1, wherein said special fertilizer for strawberries in step (3) and operation b is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight: 80-85 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of ammonium chloride, 8-10 parts of potassium carbonate, 16-19 parts of potassium fulvate, 20-25 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 30-35 parts of potassium chloride, 2-5 parts of zinc chloride, 4-8 parts of silicon fertilizer, 10-20 parts of manganese fertilizer, 6-10 parts of calcium nitrate, 7-13 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-4 parts of zinc sulfate, 3-6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 2-5 parts of boric acid, 4-8 parts of nitrilotriacetic acid, 3-6 parts of filler and 10-14 parts of additive.
7. A green harmless planting method of strawberries as claimed in claim 6, wherein said filler is any one of attapulgite, kaolin, diatomaceous earth.
8. A green harmless planting method of strawberries as claimed in claim 6, wherein said additive is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 2-4 parts of bighead atractylodes rhizome, 1-3 parts of chinaberry fruit, 2-5 parts of fructus cnidii, 3-6 parts of houttuynia cordata and 200-220 parts of water.
9. The green harmless planting method of strawberries as claimed in claim 8, wherein the preparation method of said additive is: mixing radix astragali, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, chinaberry fruit, fructus cnidii, herba houttuyniae and water, heating, boiling and boiling for 2-2.5 h, filtering, and finally heating and concentrating the obtained filtrate to 20-25% of the original volume to obtain the additive.
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CN117356375A (en) * 2023-12-07 2024-01-09 北京市农林科学院 Method for promoting growth of winter northern greenhouse strawberries

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CN107548922A (en) * 2017-10-12 2018-01-09 张建红 A kind of implantation methods of strawberry
CN107548609A (en) * 2017-09-26 2018-01-09 界首市四季旺家庭农场 A kind of processing method of cowpea seed
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CN107018836A (en) * 2016-01-30 2017-08-08 长沙权湘农业科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of strawberry
CN106397026A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-02-15 霍山县新元生态农业有限公司 Special fertilizer for improving nutrition values of strawberries
CN107155553A (en) * 2017-04-27 2017-09-15 安徽省霍山县农伯乐开发有限公司 A kind of high benefit planting technology of Radix Angelicae Sinensis
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Application publication date: 20210115