CN112218631A - Atr激酶的杂环抑制剂 - Google Patents
Atr激酶的杂环抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112218631A CN112218631A CN201980019299.6A CN201980019299A CN112218631A CN 112218631 A CN112218631 A CN 112218631A CN 201980019299 A CN201980019299 A CN 201980019299A CN 112218631 A CN112218631 A CN 112218631A
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- Prior art keywords
- cancer
- compound
- group
- heterocycloalkyl
- cycloalkyl
- Prior art date
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- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 21
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Abstract
本披露涉及抑制ATR激酶以治疗或预防癌症的杂环化合物和方法。本文披露的某些化合物可以具有有用的ATR激酶抑制活性,并且可用于治疗或预防其中ATR激酶起着积极作用的疾病或病症。
Description
本申请要求于2018年3月16日提交的美国临时申请号62/644,189的优先权权益,其披露内容通过援引特此并入,如同本文以其全文书写一样。
本文披露了新型杂环化合物和组合物以及其作为药品用于治疗疾病的应用。还提供了抑制人类或动物受试者中ATR激酶活性以治疗疾病(如癌症)的方法。
共济失调毛细血管扩张和Rad3相关激酶(ATR)是磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶相关蛋白激酶(PIKK)家族的成员,该家族还包括共济失调毛细血管扩张突变(ATM)激酶、DNA依赖性蛋白激酶(DNA-PK)、生殖器形成抑制基因-1(SMG-1)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)和转化/转录相关蛋白(TRAPP)。ATR和ATM是细胞DNA损伤应答(DDR)通路的关键调节因子,并参与响应于DNA损伤而维持基因组的完整性。多种不同类型的DNA损伤可能由于不同的损伤事件(包括正常复制过程中的错误、暴露于电离辐射(IR)和遗传毒性剂)而发生,并且已经进化出不同的DNA修复机制来解决特定种类的DNA损伤。
ATM主要由双链DNA断裂(DSB)激活,DSB可能是由于停滞的复制叉折叠或暴露于IR引起的。ATM在激活G1/S检查点中起关键作用,从而防止DNA受损的细胞进入S期,并允许在DNA复制开始之前进行DNA修复。这种作用主要是通过ATM的两个主要下游靶标即CHK2激酶和肿瘤抑制因子p53的磷酸化介导的。
反过来,ATR主要响应于单链DNA断裂(SSB)而被激活,SSB在停滞的复制叉处发现或源自对DNA DSB进行加工后的DNA末端切除。复制蛋白A(RPA)与DNA单链结合,然后ATR相互作用蛋白(ATRIP)与RPA包被的DNA链结合并将ATR募集到SSB损伤位点。将另外的蛋白组分募集到该复合物会激活ATR激酶,随后磷酸化并激活其下游效应子(包括CHK1激酶)。激活ATR会使得复制起点启动缓慢,停滞的复制叉稳定化(防止其折叠成DSB),并且一旦损坏修复,叉复制就重新开始。ATR/CHK1通路是G2/M检查点的主要调节因子,它在存在DNA复制不完全和/或DNA损伤的情况下防止细胞过早进入有丝分裂(在M.J.O’Connor,MolecularCell[分子细胞],2015,60,11月19日,第547-560页;A.M.Weber等人,Pharmacology andTherapeutics[药理学与治疗学]2015,149,124-138中综述)。
由于ATR在DDR中具有关键作用,因此在许多特定情况下,药理抑制ATR可能是有效的癌症治疗方法。实际上,与正常细胞相比,多种癌症(例如致癌基因驱动的肿瘤)的特征在于复制应激水平更高,而阻断ATR可以增加其基因组不稳定性并诱导大量的细胞死亡(O.Gilad等人,Cancer Res.[癌症研究],70,9693-9702,2010)。此外,大多数癌症的特征在于一种或多种DDR通路丧失或失调,从而导致基因组不稳定性增加,并且对其余DDR通路的生存依赖性更大。例如,由于p53突变而导致G1检查点缺陷的癌细胞将更多地依赖G2/M检查点来进行DNA修复和细胞生存。抑制ATR(G2/M检查点的关键调节因子)可导致DNA损伤检查点完全丧失,最终导致DNA损伤积累和有丝分裂灾变。具有功能性G1检查点的正常细胞受药理抑制ATR的影响较小。类似地,在具有ATM缺陷的癌细胞中,抑制ATR会导致综合致死依赖性,从而导致敏感性增加和优先杀伤。因此,抑制ATR可以用于治疗ATM和/或p53功能缺陷的肿瘤(P.M.Reaper、M.R.Griffiths等人,Nature Chem.Bio.[自然-化学生物学],7,428-430,2011)。
已经报道了ATR与DDR通路的其他组分之间的另外潜在综合致死相互作用,这些相互作用可能通过用ATR抑制剂进行治疗加以利用,包括治疗以XRCC1、ERCC1、MRE11和其他组分(如果为MRN复合物)丧失/缺陷为特征的癌症(在A.M.Weber等人,Pharmacology andTherapeutics[药理学与治疗学],2015,149,124-138中综述)。最近报道了ARID1A缺陷肿瘤中ATR抑制的综合致死依赖性,ARID1A是SWI/SNF染色质重塑复合物的成员,经常在人类癌症中发生突变(C.T.Williamson等人,Nature Communications[自然通讯],2016,7,13837)。
还可组合DNA损伤治疗剂(如放射疗法和化学疗法)利用ATR抑制来治疗癌症。广泛使用的化学疗法包括抗代谢物(例如吉西他滨)、DNA交联剂(如铂盐)、烷化剂(例如替莫唑胺)和拓扑异构酶抑制剂(例如喜树碱、拓扑替康、伊立替康)。施用这些药剂和/或电离辐射会导致多种DNA损伤,最终使癌细胞发生有丝分裂灾变和细胞死亡。在用这些药剂治疗的癌细胞中,抑制ATR信号传导可以防止DNA损伤修复,从而进一步降低癌细胞对所诱导的复制应激作出反应时通常已经受损的能力,并因而增强上述治疗的有效性。
在组合疗法中利用ATR抑制的另外的机会是与其他DDR药剂一起使用,例如与聚ADP核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制剂组合。PARP抑制剂防止单链DNA断裂的修复,从而导致DNA双链断裂的形成。在缺乏同源重组(HR)DNA修复途径的癌症(如BRCA1/2突变癌症)的情况下,已经证明PARP抑制在临床上是有效的。最近的报告强调指出,同时靶向关键的细胞周期检查点(例如通过组合PARP抑制剂与ATR抑制剂)导致对PARP抑制的敏感性增加,并且在一些临床前癌症模型(包括耐PARP抑制剂的患者派生的模型)中产生显著功效。这些发现强调了ATR抑制与其他DDR抑制剂组合的潜在临床应用,并且该领域可能会扩展到PARP抑制剂以外的若干其他组合机会(H.Kim等人,Clinical Cancer Research[临床癌症研究],2017年4月,DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2273;A.Y.K.Lau等人,AACR National Meeting 2017[2017年AACR全国会议],摘要2494/25,ATR inhibitor AZD6738 as monotherapy and incombination with olaparib or chemotherapy:defining pre-clinical dose-schedules and efficacy modelling[ATR抑制剂AZD6738作为单一疗法以及与奥拉帕尼或化学疗法组合:定义临床前剂量表和疗效模型])。
因此,本文披露了使用ATR抑制剂来治疗癌症的方法,癌症的特征在于复制应激水平升高、细胞周期检查点缺陷或细胞DNA损伤修复通路中存在缺陷(如ATM/p53途径缺陷或与其他DDR组分的另外的综合致死依赖性缺陷)。本文还披露了使用ATR抑制剂来治疗ARID1A突变/缺陷或与ATR途径的综合致死依赖性中的细胞途径突变/缺陷的癌症的方法。本文还披露了使用ATR抑制剂与放射、DNA损伤化学治疗剂以及其他DDR抑制剂(包括PARP抑制剂)组合来治疗癌症的方法。
此外,抑制ATR为治疗与调节端粒长度相关的某些癌症提供了机会。端粒是包含六核苷酸DNA重复序列和端粒相关蛋白的核蛋白复合物,它们起着稳定染色体末端的作用。在正常的体细胞中,端粒随时间缩短导致衰老或凋亡,并且这种作用可能在细胞寿命达到上限中起作用。在大多数晚期癌症中,端粒酶被激活,其作用是在DNA的3’端添加一个重复序列,从而逆转端粒缩短过程并延长细胞寿命。因此,在癌细胞永生中已经引起了端粒酶的激活。第二种维持端粒的独立于端粒酶的机制被称为端粒延长替代机制(ALT),这种机制涉及大约5%的人类癌症,并在包括骨肉瘤和胶质母细胞瘤在内的特定类型的癌症中普遍存在。ALT在起源于间充质的肿瘤中富集,且通常与存活率降低相关。研究表明ALT在功能上需要ATR激酶,并且ALT细胞对ATR抑制更为敏感(R.L.Flynn,K.E.Cox,Science[科学],2015,347(6219),273-277)。
需要对ALT阳性癌症有效的疗法。人们对ALT途径了解甚少,并且以ALT为特征的癌症对端粒酶抑制剂的作用有抵抗力。因此,本文描述了使用ATR抑制剂来治疗癌症、ALT阳性类型的癌症的方法。
本文披露了新颖的化合物和药物组合物(已发现其中某些可以抑制ATR激酶),以及合成和使用这些化合物的方法,包括通过施用这些化合物来治疗患者的ATR激酶介导的疾病的方法。
在某些实施例中,化合物具有结构式(I):
或其盐,其中:
R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中的每一个任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代;或者R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代的杂环烷基环;
R3选自氢、C1-6烷基和C1-6卤代烷基;
R4选自C5-10芳基和5-10元杂芳基,其中的每一个任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代;
每个R5独立地选自NR8R9、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR8、NR7C(O)R8、NR7C(O)OR8、NR7C(O)NR8R9、C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9;
每个R6独立地选自NR11R12、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR11、NR10C(O)R11、NR10C(O)OR11、NR10C(O)NR11R12、C(O)R11、C(O)OR11和C(O)NR11R12;
每个R7、R8和R9独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基并且任选地被卤基、羟基、C1-3烷基、C1-3卤代烷基和C1-3烷氧基取代;或者R7、R8和R9中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环;以及
每个R10、R11和R12独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基并且任选地被选自卤基、羟基和烷氧基的一个或多个基团取代;或者R10、R11和R12中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环。
本文披露的某些化合物可以具有有用的ATR激酶抑制活性,并且可用于治疗或预防其中ATR激酶起着积极作用的疾病或病症。因此,在广泛的方面,某些实施例还提供了包含本文披露的一种或多种化合物连同药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物,以及制备和使用这些化合物和组合物的方法。某些实施例提供了用于抑制ATR激酶的方法。其他实施例提供了用于在需要这种治疗的患者中治疗ATR激酶介导的障碍的方法,该方法包括向患者施用治疗有效量的根据本披露的化合物或组合物。还提供了本文披露的某些化合物在制造用于治疗通过抑制ATR激酶而改善的疾病或病症的药物中的用途。
在某些实施例中,化合物具有结构式(II):
或其盐,其中:
R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中的每一个任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代;或者R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代的杂环烷基环;
R3选自氢、C1-6烷基和C1-6卤代烷基;
R4选自C5-10芳基和5-10元杂芳基并且任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代;
每个R5独立地选自NR8R9、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR8、NR7C(O)R8、NR7C(O)OR8、NR7C(O)NR8R9、C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9;
每个R6独立地选自NR11R12、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR11、NR10C(O)R11、NR10C(O)OR11、NR10C(O)NR11R12、C(O)R11、C(O)OR11和C(O)NR11R12;
每个R7、R8和R9独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基并且任选地被卤基、羟基、C1-3烷基、C1-3卤代烷基和C1-3烷氧基取代;或者R7、R8和R9中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环;以及
每个R10、R11和R12独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基并且任选地被选自卤基、羟基和烷氧基的一个或多个基团取代;或者R10、R11和R12中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环。
在某些实施例中,R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基,并且任选地被一个或两个R5基团取代,或R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成任选地被一个或两个R5基团取代的杂环烷基环。
在某些实施例中,R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基,并且其中的每一个任选地被一个或两个R5基团取代。
在某些实施例中,R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基和C3-6环烷基,其中的每一个任选地被一个R5基团取代。
在某些实施例中,R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基和C3-6环烷基。
在某些实施例中,R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成任选地被一个或两个R5基团取代的杂环烷基环。
在某些实施例中,R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成任选地被一个R5基团取代的杂环烷基环。
在某些实施例中,R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成杂环烷基环。
在某些实施例中,R3是C1-6烷基。
在某些实施例中,R3是甲基。
在某些实施例中,R4是5-10元杂芳基并且任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代。
在某些实施例中,R4选自吲哚、吡咯并吡啶、吡唑并吡啶、咪唑并吡啶、吡咯并吡嗪、吡唑并吡嗪、吡咯并嘧啶、吡唑并嘧啶、咪唑并嘧啶、吡咯并哒嗪、吡唑并哒嗪和咪唑并哒嗪,并且任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代。
在某些实施例中,R4选自吲哚、吡咯并吡啶、吡唑并吡啶、吡咯并吡嗪、吡唑并吡嗪、吡咯并嘧啶、吡唑并嘧啶、吡咯并哒嗪和吡唑并哒嗪,并且任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代。
在某些实施例中,R4选自3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶、1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]哒嗪、嘌呤、和1H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡嗪并且任选地被一个、两个、或三个R6基团取代。
在某些实施例中,R4选自1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶、7H-吡咯并[2,3-c]哒嗪、7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶、和5H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡嗪并且任选地被一个、两个、或三个R6基团取代。
在某些实施例中,R4是1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶并且任选地被一个或两个R6基团取代。
在某些实施例中,每个R5独立地选自NR8R9、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR8、NR7C(O)R8、NR7C(O)OR8、NR7C(O)NR8R9、C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9。
在某些实施例中,每个R5独立地选自C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9。
在某些实施例中,每个R5独立地选自C(O)R8和C(O)OR8。
在某些实施例中,每个R6独立地选自NR11R12、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、OR11、NR10C(O)R11、NR10C(O)OR11、NR10C(O)NR11R12、C(O)R11、C(O)OR11和C(O)NR11R12。
在某些实施例中,每个R6独立地选自NR11R12、卤素、氰基、羟基和氧代。
在某些实施例中,每个R6独立地选自卤素和氰基。
在本披露的某些实施例中,化合物具有结构式(III):
或其盐,其中:
R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中的每一个任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代;或者R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代的杂环烷基环;
R3选自氢、C1-6烷基和C1-6卤代烷基;
R4选自C5-10芳基和5-10元杂芳基并且任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代;
每个R5独立地选自NR8R9、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR8、NR7C(O)R8、NR7C(O)OR8、NR7C(O)NR8R9、C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9;
每个R6独立地选自NR11R12、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR11、NR10C(O)R11、NR10C(O)OR11、NR10C(O)NR11R12、C(O)R11、C(O)OR11和C(O)NR11R12;
每个R7、R8和R9独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基,并且任选地被卤基、羟基、C1-3烷基、C1-3卤代烷基和C1-3烷氧基取代;或者R7、R8和R9中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环;以及
每个R10、R11和R12独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基并且任选地被选自卤基、羟基和烷氧基的一个或多个基团取代;或者R10、R11和R12中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环。
本披露还涉及抑制至少一种ATR激酶功能的方法,该方法包括使ATR激酶与如本文所述的化合物接触的步骤。可监测细胞表型、细胞增殖、ATR激酶的活性、由活性ATR激酶产生的生化输出的变化、ATR激酶的表达或ATR激酶与天然结合伴侣的结合。此类方法可以是疾病治疗模式、生物测定、细胞测定、生物化学测定等。
本文还提供了治疗ATR激酶介导的疾病的方法,该方法包括向有需要的患者施用治疗有效量的如本文披露的化合物或其盐。
在某些实施例中,ATR激酶介导的疾病是增殖性疾病。
在某些实施例中,增殖性疾病是骨髓增殖性障碍。
在某些实施例中,增殖性疾病是癌症。
在某些实施例中,癌症是淋巴瘤。
在某些实施例中,癌症是B细胞淋巴瘤。
在某些实施例中,癌症是胰腺癌。
本文还提供了如本文披露的化合物,用作药物。
本文还提供了如本文披露的化合物,用作用于治疗ATR激酶介导的疾病的药物。
还提供了如本文披露的化合物作为药物的用途。
还提供了如本文披露的化合物用作用于治疗ATR激酶介导的疾病的药物的用途。
还提供了如本文披露的化合物,用于在制造用于治疗ATR激酶介导的疾病的药物中使用。
还提供了如本文披露的化合物用于治疗ATR激酶介导的疾病的用途。
本文还提供了抑制ATR激酶的方法,该方法包括使ATR激酶与如本文披露的化合物或其盐接触。
本文还提供了用于在患者中实现效果的方法,该方法包括向患者施用治疗有效量的本文披露的化合物或其盐,其中该效果选自认知增强。
还提供了调节受试者中ATR激酶介导的功能的方法,该方法包括施用治疗有效量的如本文披露的化合物。
还提供了药物组合物,该药物组合物包含如本文披露的化合物连同药学上可接受的载体。
在某些实施例中,将药物组合物配制用于口服施用。
在某些实施例中,口服药物组合物选自片剂和胶囊。
在某些实施例中,将药物组合物配制用于肠胃外施用。
具体实施方式
如本文所用,以下术语具有指示的含义。
当披露数值范围以及使用记法“n1……至n2”或“介于n1……与n2之间”时,其中n1和n2是数字,则除非另外指明,否则这种记法旨在包括这些数字本身以及它们之间的范围。该范围可以是在这些端值之间的完整或连续范围,并且包括这些端值。举例来说,范围“2至6个碳”旨在包括两个、三个、四个、五个和六个碳,因为碳是以整数单位出现的。举例来说,将范围“1μM至3μM(微摩尔)”(旨在包括1μM、3μM,以及这两者之间的所有数)与许多有效数字(例如,1.255μM、2.1μM、2.9999μM等)进行比较。
如本文所用的术语“约”旨在限定它所修饰的数值,表示该值是在误差界限内的变量。当未列举误差界限(如图表或数据表中给出的平均值的标准差)时,术语“约”应被理解为意指涵盖所列举值的范围,以及考虑的有效数字通过四舍五入到该数字而被包括的范围。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“酰基”是指附接到烯基、烷基、芳基、环烷基、杂芳基、杂环或任何其他部分的羰基,其中附接到羰基的原子是碳。“乙酰基”基团是指-C(O)CH3基团。“烷基羰基”或“烷酰基”基团是指通过羰基基团附接到母体分子部分的烷基基团。此类基团的实例包括甲基羰基和乙基羰基。酰基基团的实例包括甲酰基、烷酰基和芳酰基。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“烯基”是指具有一个或多个双键并且含有2至20个碳原子的直链或支链烃基。在某些实施例中,烯基将包含2至6个碳原子。术语“亚烯基”是指附接在两个或更多个位置的碳-碳双键体系,如亚乙烯基[(-CH=CH-),(-C::C-)]。合适的烯基的实例包括乙烯基、丙烯基、2-甲基丙烯基、1,4-丁二烯基等。除非另外指明,否则术语“烯基”可包括“亚烯基”基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“烷氧基”是指烷基醚基,其中术语烷基如下定义。合适的烷基醚基的实例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基等。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“烷基”是指含有1至20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。在某些实施例中,烷基将包含1至10个碳原子。在另外的实施例中,烷基将包含1至8个碳原子。烷基基团可如本文定义任选地被取代。烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、己基、辛基、壬基等。如本文单独或组合所用的术语“亚烷基”是指衍生自附接在两个或更多个位置处的直链或支链饱和烃的饱和脂肪族基团,如亚甲基(-CH2-)。除非另外指明,否则术语“烷基”可包括“亚烷基”基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“烷基氨基”是指通过氨基基团附接到母体分子部分的烷基基团。合适的烷基氨基基团可以是单烷基化或二烷基化的形成基团,例如N-甲基氨基、N-乙基氨基、N,N-二甲基氨基、N,N-乙基甲基氨基等。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“次烷基”是指这样的烯基基团:其中碳-碳双键的一个碳原子属于该烯基基团所附接的部分。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“烷硫基”是指烷基硫醚(R-S-)基,其中该术语烷基是如以上定义的,并且其中该硫可以是单或双氧化的。合适的烷基硫醚基的实例包括甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、异丙硫基、正丁硫基、异丁硫基、仲丁硫基、叔丁硫基、甲磺酰基、乙磺酰基等。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“炔基”是指具有一个或多个三键并且含有2至20个碳原子的直链或支链烃基。在某些实施例中,炔基包含2至6个碳原子。在另外的实施例中,炔基包含2至4个碳原子。术语“亚炔基”是指附接在两个位置处的碳-碳三键,如亚乙炔基(-C:::C-、-C≡C-)。炔基的实例包括乙炔基、丙炔基、羟丙炔基、丁炔-1-基、丁炔-2-基、戊炔-1-基、3-甲基丁炔-1-基、己炔-2-基等。除非另外指明,否则术语“炔基”可以包括“亚炔基”基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“酰胺基”和“氨甲酰基”是指如下所述通过羰基基团附接至母体分子部分的氨基,或反之亦然。如本文单独或组合所用的术语“C-酰胺基”是指-C(O)N(RR’)基团,其中R和R’如本文所定义或如通过所指定的具体列举的“R”基团定义。如本文单独或组合所用的术语“N-酰胺基”是指RC(O)N(R’)-基团,其中R和R’如本文所定义或如通过所指定的具体列举的“R”基团定义。如本文单独或组合所用的术语“酰基氨基”包括通过氨基基团附接到母体部分的酰基基团。“酰基氨基”基团的实例是乙酰基氨基(CH3C(O)NH-)。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“氨基”是指-NRR’,其中R和R’独立地选自氢、烷基、酰基、杂烷基、芳基、环烷基、杂芳基和杂环烷基,它们中的任一者本身可任选地被取代。此外,R和R’可组合形成杂环烷基,这两个基团中的任一者可任选地被取代。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“芳基”意指含有一个、两个或三个环的碳环芳香族体系,其中此类多环环系稠合在一起。术语“芳基”包括芳香族基团,如苯基、萘基、蒽基和菲基。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“芳基烯基”或“芳烯基”是指通过烯基基团附接到母体分子部分的芳基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“芳基烷氧基”或“芳烷氧基”是指通过烷氧基基团附接到母体分子部分的芳基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“芳基烷基”或“芳烷基”是指通过烷基基团附接到母体分子部分的芳基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“芳基炔基”或“芳炔基”是指通过炔基基团附接到母体分子部分的芳基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“芳基烷酰基”或“芳烷酰基(aralkanoyl)”或“芳酰基(aroyl)”是指衍生自经芳基取代的链烷羧酸的酰基如苯甲酰基、萘甲酰基、苯乙酰基、3-苯基丙酰基(氢肉桂酰基)、4-苯基丁酰基、(2-萘基)乙酰基、4-氯氢肉桂酰基等。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语芳氧基是指通过氧基附接到母体分子部分的芳基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“苯并”是指衍生自苯的二价基C6H4=。实例包括苯并噻吩和苯并咪唑。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“氨基甲酸酯”是指氨基甲酸的酯(-NHCOO-),其可从氮或酸端附接到母体分子部分,并且其可如本文定义任选地被取代。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“O-氨甲酰基”是指-OC(O)NRR’基团,其中R和R’是如本文所定义的。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“N-氨甲酰基”是指ROC(O)NR’-基团,其中R和R’是如本文所定义的。
本文的术语“羰基”在单独使用时包括甲酰基[-C(O)H],并且在组合使用时是-C(O)-基团。
如本文所用的术语“羧基(carboxyl或carboxy)”是指-C(O)OH或对应的“羧酸根”阴离子,如在羧酸盐中。“O-羧基”基团是指RC(O)O-基团,其中R如本文所定义。“C-羧基”基团是指-C(O)OR基团,其中R如本文所定义。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“氰基”是指-CN。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“环烷基”是指饱和或部分饱和的单环、二环或三环烷基基团,其中每个环部分含有3至12个碳原子环成员,并且可任选地是如本文定义任选地被取代的苯并稠合环系。在某些实施例中,环烷基将包含5至7个碳原子。此类环烷基基团的实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、四氢萘基、茚满基、八氢萘基、2,3-二氢-1H-茚基、金刚烷基等。如本文所用的“二环”和“三环”旨在包括两种稠合环系,如十氢萘、八氢萘以及多环(多中心)饱和或部分不饱和类型。后一种类型的异构体一般以二环[1.1.1]戊烷、樟脑、金刚烷和二环[3.2.1]辛烷为例。如本文单独或组合所用的“环烷基”涵盖如下定义的“二环烷基”、“桥环烷基”和“螺环烷基”。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“二环烷基”是指特征在于存在两个原子的环状烷基体系,这两个原子被称为“桥头原子”,它们经由三个键途径相互连接。因此,举例来说,“二环烷基”涵盖二环[2.2.1]庚烷(也称为降冰片烷)、二环[2.2.2]辛烷、二环[2.2.0]己烷和二环[3.3.0]辛烷。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“桥环烷基”是其中桥头原子之间的所有三个键途径均含有至少一个原子的二环烷基体系。因此,举例来说,“桥环烷基”涵盖二环[2.2.1]庚烷(也称为降冰片烷)和二环[2.2.2]辛烷。因此,“桥环烷基”不涵盖二环[2.2.0]己烷或二环[3.3.0]辛烷。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“酯”是指对在碳原子处连接的两个部分进行桥接的羧基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“醚”是指对在碳原子处连接的两个部分进行桥接的氧基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“卤基”或“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“卤代烷氧基”是指通过氧原子附接到母体分子部分的卤代烷基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“卤代烷基”是指其中一个或多个氢被卤素代替的具有如上定义的含义的烷基。确切地包括的是单卤代烷基、双卤代烷基和多卤代烷基。举一个例子,单卤代烷基可在该基团内具有碘、溴、氯或氟原子。二卤代和多卤代烷基可具有两个或更多个相同的卤原子或不同卤基的组合。卤代烷基的实例包括氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、氯甲基、二氯甲基、三氯甲基、五氟乙基、七氟丙基、二氟氯甲基、二氯氟甲基、二氟乙基、二氟丙基、二氯乙基和二氯丙基。“卤代亚烷基”是指附接在两个或更多个位置处的卤代烷基基团。实例包括氟亚甲基(-CFH-)、二氟亚甲基(-CF2-)、氯亚甲基(-CHCl-)等。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“杂烷基”是指完全饱和的或含有1至3个不饱和度的、由所述数量的碳原子和一至三个选自N、O和S的杂原子组成的稳定直链烃基或支链烃基或其组合,并且其中N和S原子可任选地被氧化并且N杂原子可任选地被季铵化。一个或多个杂原子可放置在杂烷基基团的任意内部位置处。最多两个杂原子可以是连续的,例如-CH2-NH-OCH3。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“杂芳基”是指3至15元不饱和的杂单环或者稠合的单环、二环或三环环系,其中至少一个稠环是芳香族的,该杂芳基含有选自N、O和S的至少一个原子。在某些实施例中,杂芳基将包含1至4个杂原子作为环成员。在另外的实施例中,杂芳基将包含1至2个杂原子作为环成员。在某些实施例中,杂芳基将包含5至7个原子。该术语还包括稠合的多环基团,其中杂环与芳基环稠合,其中杂芳基环与其他杂芳基环稠合,其中杂芳基环与杂环烷基环稠合,或其中杂芳基环与环烷基环稠合。杂芳基基团的实例包括吡咯基、吡咯啉基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、三唑基、吡喃基、呋喃基、噻吩基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻唑基、噻二唑基、异噻唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、吲嗪基、苯并咪唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、吲唑基、苯并三唑基、苯并二氧杂环戊烯基、苯并吡喃基、苯并噁唑基、苯并噁二唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并噻二唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、色酮基、香豆素基、苯并吡喃基、四氢喹啉基、四唑并哒嗪基、四氢异喹啉基、噻吩并吡啶基、呋喃并吡啶基、吡咯并吡啶基等。示例性三环杂环基团包括咔唑基、苯并吲哚基、菲咯啉基、二苯并呋喃基、吖啶基、菲啶基、咕吨基等。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“杂环烷基”和可互换使用的“杂环”分别是指含有至少一个杂原子作为环成员的饱和、部分不饱和或完全不饱和(但非芳香族)的单环、二环或三环杂环基团,其中每个杂原子可独立地选自氮、氧和硫。在某些实施例中,杂环烷基将包含从1至4个杂原子作为环成员。在另外的实施例中,杂环烷基将包含从1至2个杂原子作为环成员。在某些实施例中,杂环烷基在每个环中将包含从3至8个环成员。在另外的实施例中,杂环烷基在每个环中将包含从3至7个环成员。在又另外的实施例中,杂环烷基在每个环中将包含从5至6个环成员。“杂环烷基”和“杂环”旨在包括砜、亚砜、亚砜亚胺、磺酰亚胺、具有叔氮环成员的N-氧化物以及碳环稠合环系和苯并稠合环系;此外,这两个术语还包括其中杂环与如本文定义的芳基基团或另外的杂环基团稠合的体系。杂环基团的实例包括吖丙啶基、氮杂环丁烷基、1,3-苯并间二氧杂环戊烯基、二氢异吲哚基、二氢异喹啉基、二氢噌啉基、二氢苯并二噁英基、二氢[1,3]噁唑并[4,5-b]吡啶基、苯并噻唑基、二氢吲哚基、二氢吡啶基、1,3-二噁烷基、1,4-二噁烷基、1,3-二氧戊环基、异二氢吲哚基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、吡咯烷基、四氢吡啶基、哌啶基、硫代吗啉基等。除非明确地禁止,否则杂环基团可任选地被取代。如本文单独或组合所用的术语“杂环烷基”应被理解为涵盖如下定义的“杂二环烷基”和“桥杂环烷基”。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“杂二环烷基”是指特征在于存在两个原子的杂环烷基体系,这两个原子被称为“桥头原子”,它们经由三个键途径相互连接。因此,举例来说,“二环烷基”涵盖二环[2.2.1]庚烷(也称为降冰片烷)、二环[2.2.2]辛烷、二环[2.2.0]己烷和二环[3.3.0]辛烷。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“桥杂环烷基”是其中桥头原子之间的所有三个键途径均含有至少一个原子的杂二环烷基体系。因此,举例来说,“桥杂环烷基”涵盖1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(也称为DABCO)和7-氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷。
可以使用本领域技术人员将认可的术语来描述二环环系。二环化合物可以被称为两个环系的稠合。例如,“苯并苯”应被理解为是指萘。除非特别限制,否则任何环稠合异构体都将被该术语包括。例如,“苯并萘”应被理解为同时包括蒽和菲。作为另一个实例,吡咯并吡啶应被理解为包括具有与吡啶稠合的吡咯的任何化合物,因此包括4-氮杂吲哚、5-氮杂吲哚、6-氮杂吲哚和7-氮杂吲哚。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“杂二环烷基”是指特征在于存在两个原子的含有至少一个杂原子作为环成员的饱和、部分不饱和或完全不饱和(但非芳香族)的环状烷基体系,这两个原子被称为“桥头原子”,它们经由三个键途径相互连接。因此,举例来说,“杂二环烷基”包括7-氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(也称为“DABCO”)、1-氮杂二环[2.2.0]己烷和3-氮杂二环[3.3.0]辛烷。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“桥杂环烷基”是其中桥头原子之间的所有三个键途径均含有至少一个原子的杂二环烷基体系。因此,举例来说,“桥杂环烷基”包括7-氮杂二环[2.2.1]庚烷、1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷(也称为“DABCO”),但不包括1-氮杂二环[2.2.0]己烷或3-氮杂二环[3.3.0]辛烷。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“肼基”是指由单键接合的两个氨基基团,即-N-N-。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“羟基”是指-OH。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“羟烷基”是指通过烷基基团附接到母体分子部分的羟基基团。羟烷基的实例包括羟甲基、1-羟乙基、2-羟乙基和2-羟基-2-丙基。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“亚氨基”是指=N-。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“亚氨基羟基”是指=N(OH)和=N-O-。
短语“在主链中”是指从基团到具有本文披露的式中任一项的化合物的附接点开始的碳原子的最长连续链或相邻链。
术语“异氰酸基”是指-NCO基团。
术语“异硫氰酸基”是指-NCS基团。
短语“原子的线性链”是指原子的最长直链,这些原子独立地选自碳、氮、氧和硫。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“低级”在没有另外明确定义的情况下意指含有1至6个碳原子,并且包括6个碳原子(即C1-C6烷基)。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“低级芳基”意指苯基或萘基,其中任一者可如所提供那样任选地被取代。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“低级杂芳基”意指1)包含五个或六个环成员的单环杂芳基,其中一至四个成员可以是选自N、O和S的杂原子,或2)二环杂芳基,其中每个稠环包含五个或六个环成员,一至四个环成员包含选自N、O和S的杂原子。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“低级环烷基”意指具有三至六个环成员的单环环烷基(即C3-C6环烷基)。低级环烷基可以是不饱和的。低级环烷基的实例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“低级杂环烷基”意指具有三至六个环成员的单环杂环烷基,其中的一至四个环成员可以是选自N、O和S的杂原子(即,C3-C6杂环烷基)。低级杂环烷基的实例包括吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基、吡唑烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基和吗啉基。低级杂环烷基可以是不饱和的。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“低级氨基”是指-NRR’,其中R和R’独立地选自氢和低级烷基,其中任一者任选地被取代。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“巯基”是指RS-基团,其中R如本文定义。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“硝基”是指-NO2。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“氧基”或“氧杂”是指-O-。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“氧代”是指=O。
术语“全卤代烷氧基”是指其中所有氢原子都被卤素原子替代的烷氧基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“全卤代烷基”是指其中所有氢原子都被卤素原子替代的烷基基团。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“螺环烷基”是指具有两个环且具有两个环共有的单个原子的烷基基团。螺环烷基体系的实例包括螺[3.3]庚烷和螺[4.4]壬烷。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“螺杂环烷基”是指具有两个环且具有两个环共有的单个原子的杂烷基基团。螺环烷基体系的实例包括2-氮杂螺[3.3]庚烷和3-氮杂螺[4.4]壬烷。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“磺酸(sulfonate、sulfonic acid和sulfonic)”是指-SO3H基团并且以盐形式使用其作为磺酸的阴离子。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“硫烷基(sulfanyl)”是指-S-。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“亚磺酰基”是指-S(O)-。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“磺酰基”是指-S(O)2-。
术语“N-磺酰氨基”是指RS(=O)2NR’基团,其中R和R’如本文定义。
术语“S-磺酰氨基”是指S(=O)2NRR’基团,其中R和R’如本文定义。
术语“磺酰亚胺”是指RS(=NR’)R”基团,其中R、R’和R”如本文定义。
术语“亚砜亚胺”是指RS(=O)(=NR’)R”基团,其中R、R’和R”如本文定义。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“硫杂”和“硫代”是指-S-基团或其中氧被硫替代的醚。硫代基团的氧化衍生物(即亚磺酰基和磺酰基)被包括在硫杂和硫代的定义中。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“硫醇”是指-SH基团。
本文的术语“硫代羰基”在单独使用时包括硫代甲酰基-C(S)H,并且在组合使用时是-C(S)-基团。
术语“N-硫代氨甲酰基”是指ROC(S)NR’-基团,其中R和R’如本文定义。
术语“O-硫代氨甲酰基”是指-OC(S)NRR’基团,其中R和R’如本文定义。
术语“氰硫基”是指-CNS基团。
术语“三卤代甲磺酰氨基”是指X3CS(O)2NR-基团,其中X是卤素并且R如本文定义。
术语“三卤代甲磺酰基”是指X3CS(O)2-基团,其中X是卤素。
术语“三卤甲氧基”是指X3CO-基团,其中X是卤素。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“三取代的甲硅烷基”是指硅酮基团,该基团在其三个自由价处被本文的在取代的氨基定义下所列举的基团取代。实例包括三甲基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、三苯基甲硅烷基等。
本文的任何定义都可与任何其他定义组合使用,来描述复合结构基团。按照惯例,任何此类定义的尾随元素是附接到母体部分的元素。例如,复合基团烷基酰氨基表示通过酰氨基基团附接到母体分子的烷基基团,并且术语烷氧基烷基表示通过烷基基团附接到母体分子的烷氧基基团。
当基团被定义为“无”时,意指该基团是不存在的。
术语“任选地被取代的”意指前述基团可被取代或不被取代。如果被取代,则“任选地被取代的”基团的取代基可以包括但不限于独立地选自下列多组或具体指定的一系列多组(单独的或组合的)的一种或多种取代基:低级烷基、低级烯基、低级炔基、低级酰基、低级杂烷基、低级杂环烷基、低级卤代烷基、低级卤代烯基、低级卤代炔基、低级全卤代烷基、低级全卤代烷氧基、低级环烷基、苯基、芳基、芳氧基、低级烷氧基、低级卤代烷氧基、氧代、低级酰氧基、羰基、羧基、低级烷基羰基、低级羧酸酯、低级甲酰氨基、氰基、氢、卤素、羟基、氨基、低级烷基氨基、芳基氨基、酰氨基、硝基、硫醇、低级烷硫基、低级卤代烷硫基、低级全卤代烷硫基、芳硫基、磺酸酯、磺酸、三取代的甲硅烷基、N3、SH、SCH3、C(O)CH3、CO2CH3、CO2H、吡啶基、噻吩、呋喃基、低级氨基甲酸酯和低级脲。在结构上可行的情况下,可将两个取代基接合在一起形成稠合的五元、六元或七元的由零至三个杂原子组成的碳环或杂环,例如形成亚甲基二氧基或亚乙基二氧基。任选地被取代的基团可以是未取代的(例如,-CH2CH3)、完全取代的(例如,-CF2CF3)、单取代的(例如,-CH2CH2F)或以完全取代与单取代之间的一定水平取代的(例如,-CH2CF3)。在列举取代基而未定性为取代的情况下,涵盖取代形式和未取代形式这两者。在取代基被定性为“取代的”情况下,明确地意指取代形式。此外,针对部分的不同组的任选取代基可按需进行定义;在这些情况下,任选的取代将如定义那样,通常紧跟着短语“任选地被……取代”。
除非另有定义,否则术语R或术语R’或术语R”(独自出现并且没有数字指定的情况下)是指选自氢、烷基、环烷基、杂烷基、芳基、杂芳基和杂环烷基的部分,它们中的任一者可任选地被取代。此类R、R’和R”基团应被理解为如本文定义那样任选地被取代。无论R基团是否具有数字指定,每个R基团(包括R、R’和Rn,其中n=(1、2、3、…n))、每个取代基以及每个术语都应被理解为在从组中选择方面独立于所有其他项。如果任何变量、取代基或术语(例如,芳基、杂环、R等)在式或通用结构中出现不止一次,那么在每次出现时其定义应当独立于在所有其他出现时的定义。本领域的技术人员将进一步认识到,某些基团可附接到母体分子,或者可在从如所写的任一端的元素的链中占据位置。例如,不对称的基团如-C(O)N(R)-可在碳或氮处附接到母体部分。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“对映异构体”是指绝对立体化学在每个立体中心不同的一对化合物中的一个。因此,一对化合物中的每个对映异构体都是另一个对映异构体的镜像。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“差向异构体”是指绝对立体化学在单个立体中心不同的一对化合物中的一个。
如本文单独或组合所用的术语“非对映异构体”是指既不具有相同的立体化学也不是彼此的对映异构体的一对化合物中的一个。
不对称中心存在于本文披露的化合物中。这些中心由符号“R”或“S”指定,具体取决于手性碳原子周围的取代基的构型。本发明涵盖所有立体化学同分异构形式,包括非对映异构形式、对映异构形式和差向异构形式,以及D-异构体和L-异构体及其混合物。化合物的单独立体异构体可以用含有手性中心的可商购获得的起始材料合成制备,或者通过制备对映异构体产物的混合物,然后分离(如转化成非对映异构体的混合物),然后是分离或重结晶、层析技术、在手性层析柱上直接分离对映异构体,或本领域已知的任何其他适当方法来制备。特定立体化学的起始化合物是可商购获得的,或者可以通过本领域已知的技术来制备和拆分。此外,本文披露的化合物可以作为几何异构体存在。本披露包括所有的顺式、反式、同义、反义、异侧(E)和同侧(Z)异构体及其适当的混合物。此外,化合物可以作为互变异构体存在;本披露提供了所有互变异构的异构体。此外,本文披露的化合物可以以非溶剂化物的形式以及与药学上可接受的溶剂如水、乙醇等的溶剂化物的形式存在。一般来讲,将溶剂化物形式视为等效于非溶剂化物形式。
本文披露的某些化合物可以作为两种非对映异构体的混合物存在。在一些实施例中,两种非对映异构体等量存在。在一些实施例中,化合物含有60%或更多的主要非对映异构体。在一些实施例中,化合物含有70%或更多的主要非对映异构体。在一些实施例中,化合物含有80%或更多的主要非对映异构体。在一些实施例中,化合物含有90%或更多的主要非对映异构体。在一些实施例中,化合物含有95%或更多的主要非对映异构体。在一些实施例中,化合物含有98%或更多的主要非对映异构体。
当通过键连接的原子是较大子结构的部分时,术语“键”是指在两个原子或两个部分之间的共价键。除非另外指明,否则键可以是单键、双键或三键。在分子图中的两个原子之间的虚线指示在那个位置处可以存在、也可以不存在另外的键。
如本文所用的,术语“疾病”旨在为一般同义的,并且可以与术语“障碍”、“综合征”和“病症”(如在医学病症中)互换使用,因为所有这些都反映了人体或动物体的或者损害了其正常功能的部分之一的异常情况,典型地表现为区别的体征和症状,并且使人或动物的寿命期限或生活质量降低。
术语“组合疗法”意指施用两种或更多种治疗剂来治疗本披露中所述的治疗性病症或障碍。这种施用包括以基本上同时的方式(如以具有固定比例的活性成分的单个胶囊或者以每种活性成分的多个单独胶囊)共同施用这些治疗剂。此外,这种施用还包括以顺序方式使用每种类型的治疗剂。在任一情况下,治疗方案将在治疗本文所述的病症或障碍中提供药物组合的有益作用。
本文所用的“ATR激酶抑制剂”是指相对于ATR激酶活性表现出不超过约100μM且更典型不超过约50μM的IC50的化合物,如在ATR/ATRIP生化测定中或在本文总体所述的ATR激酶pCHK1细胞测定中测量的。“IC50”是将酶(例如,ATR激酶)的活性或细胞中丝氨酸345处ATR诱导的CHK1磷酸化降低到一半最大水平的抑制剂浓度。已经发现本文披露的某些化合物表现出对ATR激酶的抑制。在某些实施例中,化合物将相对于ATR激酶表现出不超过约10μM的IC50;在另外的实施例中,化合物将相对于ATR激酶表现出不超过约2μM的IC50;在又另外的实施例中,化合物将相对于ATR激酶表现出不超过约1μM的IC50;在又另外的实施例中,化合物将相对于ATR激酶表现出不超过约500nM的IC50;在又另外的实施例中,化合物将相对于ATR激酶表现出不超过约200nM的IC50;在又另外的实施例中,化合物将相对于ATR激酶表现出不大于约100nM的IC50,如在本文所述的ATR激酶测定中测量的。
短语“治疗有效的”旨在限定在疾病或障碍的治疗中或对临床终点产生效果使用的活性成分的量。
术语“治疗上可接受的”是指适用于与患者组织接触而不产生过度毒性、刺激和过敏反应的化合物(或盐、前药、互变异构体、两性离子形式等),这些化合物与合理受益/风险比相称,且对于其预定用途是有效的。
如本文所用,提及“治疗”患者旨在包括预防。治疗在本质上也可以是先发制人的,即其可包括疾病的预防。疾病的预防可涉及完全免受疾病,例如像在预防病原体感染的情况下,或可涉及疾病进展的预防。例如,疾病的预防可不意指完全圈定任何水平的与疾病相关的任何效果,而是可将疾病的症状预防至临床上显著的或可检测的水平。疾病的预防也可意指将疾病的进展预防至疾病的更晚阶段。
术语“患者”与术语“受试者”通常同义,并且包括所有哺乳动物,包括人类。患者的实例包括人类、牲畜(如牛、山羊、绵羊、猪和兔)和宠物(如狗、猫、兔和马)。优选地,患者是人类。
术语“前药”是指在体内变得更具活性的化合物。本文披露的某些化合物也可以作为前药存在,如Hydrolysis in Drug and Prodrug Metabolism:Chemistry,Biochemistry,and Enzymology[药物和前药代谢中的水解:化学、生物化学和酶学](Testa、Bernard和Mayer,Joachim M.Wiley-VHCA,瑞士苏黎世(Zurich,Switzerland)2003年)中所述。本文所述化合物的前药是在生理条件下容易发生化学变化以提供本发明化合物的化合物的结构改良型。此外,在离体环境中,可以通过化学方法或生物化学方法将前药转变成该化合物。例如,当将前药与合适的酶或化学试剂一起置于经皮贴片贮库中时,前药可以慢慢转变成化合物。前药通常很有用,因为在一些情况下,它们比化合物或母体药物更容易施用。例如,它们可通过口服施用而具有生物可利用性,而母体药物却不行。前药还可在药物组合物中具有超过母体药物的改善溶解性。本领域中已知多种多样的前药衍生物,如依赖于前药的水解裂解或氧化活化的前药衍生物。前药的实例(但不限于)是作为酯(“前药”)施用但随后被代谢水解为羧酸(活性实体)的化合物。另外的实例包括化合物的肽基衍生物。
盐
本文披露的化合物可以作为治疗上可接受的盐存在。本披露包括以上以盐形式列出的化合物,包括酸加成盐。合适的盐包括与有机酸和无机酸两者形成的盐。此类酸加成盐通常将是药学上可接受的。然而,药学上不可接受的盐可用于制备和纯化所考虑的化合物。也可形成碱加成盐,这类盐也是药学上可接受的。
如本文所用的,术语“治疗上可接受的盐”表示本文披露的化合物的盐或两性离子形式,它们是水溶性的或油溶性的或可分散的,并且是如本文所定义的治疗上可接受的。这些盐可以在最后分离和纯化化合物期间制备,或通过使游离碱形式的适当化合物与合适的酸反应来单独制备。代表性酸加成盐包括乙酸盐、己二酸盐、海藻酸盐、L-抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐(苯磺酸盐)、重硫酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、甲酸盐、延胡索酸盐、龙胆酸盐、戊二酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、乙醇酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟乙磺酸盐(羟乙基磺酸盐)、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、DL-扁桃酸盐、均三甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、草酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、焦谷氨酸盐、琥珀酸盐、磺酸盐、酒石酸盐、L-酒石酸盐、三氯乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、磷酸盐、谷氨酸盐、碳酸氢盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和十一烷酸盐。另外,可以将本文披露的化合物中的碱性基团用以下各项进行季铵化:甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;二甲基、二乙基、二丁基和二戊基的硫酸酯;癸基、月桂基、豆蔻基和甾醇基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;以及苯甲基和苯乙基的溴化物。可以用来形成治疗上可接受的加成盐的酸的实例包括无机酸(如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸和磷酸)和有机酸(如草酸、马来酸、琥珀酸和柠檬酸)。盐还可以通过这些化合物与碱金属或碱土金属离子配位而形成。因此,本披露考虑了本文披露的化合物的钠、钾、镁和钙盐等。
碱加成盐可以在最后分离和纯化化合物期间通过将羧基与合适的碱(如金属阳离子的氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐)反应或者与氨或有机伯、仲、叔胺反应来制备。治疗上可接受的盐的阳离子包括锂、钠、钾、钙、镁、和铝,以及无毒季胺阳离子如铵、四甲铵、四乙铵、甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、二乙胺、乙胺、三丁胺、吡啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N-甲基哌啶、N-甲基吗啉、二环己胺、普鲁卡因、二苄胺、N,N-二苄基苯乙胺、1-二苯羟甲胺和N,N’-二苄基乙二胺。可用于形成碱加成盐的其他代表性有机胺包括乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、哌啶和哌嗪。
配制品
虽然本披露的化合物可能作为原始化学物质施用,它们还可能作为药物配制品来提供。因此,本文提供了药物配制品,这些药物配制品包含本文披露的某些化合物中的一种或多种,或者一种或多种其药学上可接受的盐、酯、前药、酰胺或溶剂化物,以及一种或多种其药学上可接受的载体和任选地一种或多种其他治疗成分。这种或这些载体在与配制品的其他成分相容且对于其接受者无害的意义上必须是“可接受的”。适当的配制品取决于所选择的施用途径。任何熟知的技术、载体和赋形剂可适合地使用并且是本领域已知的。本文披露的药物组合物可以用本领域已知的任何方式制造,例如通过常规的混合、溶解、造粒、造糖衣丸、磨细、乳化、包囊、包埋或压片方法进行制造。
配制品包括适合用于口服、肠胃外(包括皮下、皮内、肌内、静脉内、关节内和髓内)、腹膜内、经粘膜、经皮、直肠和局部(包括皮肤、经颊、舌下和眼内)施用的配制品,但最合适的途径可取决于例如接受者的病症和障碍。配制品可方便地以单位剂型呈现,并且可通过配药学领域公知的任何方法来制备。通常,这些方法包括使本披露的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯、酰胺、前药或溶剂化物(“活性成分”)与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体缔合的步骤。一般,配制品通过以下过程制备:均匀且密切地使活性成分与液体载体或细粉碎的固体载体或与这两者缔合,然后如果需要的话,将产物塑形成所希望的配制品。
适合用于口服施用的本文披露的化合物的配制品可以离散单元呈现,如各自含有预定量的活性成分的胶囊剂、扁囊剂或片剂;以粉末或颗粒呈现;以水性液体或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液呈现;或以水包油液体乳剂或油包水液体乳剂呈现。活性成分还可作为大丸剂、药糖剂或糊剂呈现。
可口服使用的药物制剂包括片剂、由明胶制成的插接式胶囊(pushfit capsule)以及由明胶和增塑剂(如甘油或山梨醇)制成的密封式软胶囊。片剂可通过任选地与一种或多种辅助成分一起压制或模制来制备。压制片剂可通过在合适的机器中对任选地与粘合剂、惰性稀释剂或润滑剂、表面活性剂或分散剂混合的自由流动形式(如粉末或颗粒)的活性成分进行压制来制备。模制片剂可通过在合适的机器中对用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉状化合物的混合物进行模制来制备。片剂可以任选地被包衣或刻痕,并且可以被配制来提供其中的活性成分的缓慢或受控释放。用于口服施用的所有配制品都应为适合用于这种施用的剂量。推合胶囊可含有与填充剂(如乳糖)、粘合剂(如淀粉)和/或润滑剂(如滑石或硬脂酸镁)以及任选地稳定剂混合的活性成分。在软胶囊中,活性化合物可溶解或悬浮在合适的液体中,如脂肪油、液体石蜡或液体聚乙二醇。此外,还可添加稳定剂。糖衣丸核心配有合适的包衣。出于这个目的,可使用浓缩的糖溶液,这些糖溶液可任选地含有阿拉伯树胶、滑石、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、卡波姆胶、聚乙二醇和/或二氧化钛、漆溶液,以及多种合适的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。可将染料或着色剂添加到片剂或糖衣丸包衣中,以供鉴别或者表征活性化合物剂量的不同组合。
化合物可被配制为通过注射(例如,通过推注或连续输注)进行肠胃外施用。用于注射的配制品可以与添加的防腐剂一起以单位剂型(例如,在安瓿或多剂量容器中)呈递。组合物可以采取此类形式,如在油性或水性运载体中的悬浮液、溶液或乳液,并且可以包含配制试剂例如悬浮剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂。这些配制品可在单位剂量或多剂量容器(例如密封的安瓿和小瓶)中呈现,并且可以仅需要在使用前添加无菌液体载体(例如盐水或灭菌无热原水)的粉末形式或冷冻干燥(冻干)条件储存。临时注射溶液和悬浮液可由前述种类的无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。
用于肠胃外施用的配制品包括:活性化合物的水性和非水性(油性)无菌注射液,其可含有抗氧化剂、缓冲液、抑菌剂以及使配制品与预期的接受者的血液等渗的溶质;以及水性和非水性无菌悬浮液,其可包括助悬剂和增稠剂。合适的亲脂性溶剂或运载体包括脂肪油(如芝麻油)或合成的脂肪酸酯(如油酸乙酯或甘油三酯)或脂质体。水性注射悬浮液可含有增加悬浮液的粘度的物质,如羧甲基纤维素钠、山梨醇或葡聚糖。任选地,悬浮液还可含有合适的稳定剂或增加化合物的溶解度以允许制备高度浓溶液的试剂。
除了先前描述的配制品之外,这些化合物还可被配制为贮库制剂。此类长效配制品可通过植入(例如皮下或肌内)或通过肌内注射来施用。因此,例如,这些化合物可用合适的聚合物或疏水物质(例如作为在可接受的油中的乳液)或离子交换树脂来配制,或被配制为微溶的衍生物,例如微溶的盐。
对于口腔或舌下施用,这些组合物可以常规方式采用片剂、锭剂、软锭剂或凝胶剂的形式。此类组合物可包含调味基质如蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄芪胶中的活性成分。
这些化合物还可被配制为直肠组合物(如栓剂或保留灌肠剂),例如其含有常规的栓剂基质(如可可脂、聚乙二醇或其他甘油酯)。
可以将本文披露的某些化合物局部施用,即通过非全身性施用。这包括将在此披露的化合物施用于表皮外部或口腔以及将这种化合物滴入耳、眼以及鼻内,这样使得该化合物不显著地进入血流。相反,全身性施用是指口服施用、静脉内施用、腹膜内施用和肌内施用。
适合用于局部施用的配制品包括适合用于穿过皮肤渗透到炎症部位的液体或半液体制剂(如凝胶剂、搽剂、洗剂、乳膏剂、软膏剂或糊剂)以及适合用于施用于眼、耳或鼻的滴剂。局部施用的活性成分可以构成配制品的例如从0.001%至10%w/w(按重量计)。在某些实施例中,活性成分可以构成多达10%w/w。在其他实施例中,它可以构成少于5%w/w。在某些实施例中,活性成分可以构成从2%w/w至5%w/w。在其他实施例中,它可以构成配制品的从0.1%至1%w/w。
用于通过吸入施用,化合物可以方便地从吹入器、喷雾器加压包或其他递送气雾剂喷雾的方便的装置来递送。加压包可包含合适的推进剂,如二氯二氟甲烷、三氯氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷、二氧化碳或其他合适的气体。在加压气雾剂的情况下,剂量单位可通过提供用于递送一个计量的量的阀门来确定。替代性地,用于通过吸入或吹入施用,根据本披露的化合物可采取干燥粉末组合物的形式,例如化合物和适合的粉末基质(如乳糖或淀粉)的粉末混合物。粉末组合物可以单位剂型呈现在例如胶囊、药筒、明胶或泡罩包装中,可借助于吸入器或吹入器从中施用粉末。
优选的单位剂量配制品是含有如下文列举的有效剂量的活性成分或其适当的级分的那些。
除了以上具体提及的成分之外,考虑到所讨论的配制品的类型,上述配制品可包括本领域中常规的其他药剂,例如适合用于口服施用的配制品还可包括调味剂。
化合物可以按每天0.1至500mg/kg的剂量口服或经由注射施用。对成人而言,剂量范围通常从5mg至2g/天。片剂或其他以分离的单位提供的表现形式可以适合地包含一种数量的一种或多种化合物,该数量在这种剂量下或以相等剂量的多倍有效,例如,包含5mg至500mg,通常约10mg至200mg的单位。
可与载体材料组合以产生单一剂型的活性成分的量将取决于所治疗的宿主和施用方式而变化。
可以按多种方式施用化合物,例如口服、局部或通过注射。向患者施用的化合物的精确量是巡诊医生的职责。针对任何患者的具体剂量水平将取决于多种因素,包括所使用的具体化合物的活性、年龄、体重、综合健康状况、性别、饮食、施用时间、施用途径、排泄率、药物组合、所治疗的确切障碍以及所治疗适应症或病症的严重程度。另外,施用途径可取决于病症及其严重程度而变化。
在某些情况下,可以适当地与另一种治疗剂组合施用本文所述化合物中的至少一种(或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药)。仅通过举例的方式,如果患者在接受本文的化合物中的一种时经历的副作用之一是高血压,则可能合适的是与初始治疗剂组合施用抗高血压剂。或者,仅通过举例的方式,本文所述的化合物中的一种的治疗有效性可通过施用佐剂(即,佐剂单独可能只有极小治疗益处,但与另一种治疗剂组合时,带给患者的总体治疗益处得以增强)来增强。或者,仅通过举例的方式,患者经历的益处可通过与也具有治疗益处的另一种治疗剂(其也包括治疗方案)一起施用本文所述的化合物中的一种来增加。仅通过举例的方式,在涉及施用本文所述的化合物中的一种的糖尿病治疗中,增加的治疗益处也可通过向患者提供糖尿病的另一种治疗剂来获得。在任何情况下,无论所治疗的疾病、障碍或病症如何,患者经历的整体益处可以是这种治疗剂的简单加和,或者患者可经历协同益处。
组合和组合疗法
本披露的化合物可以单独或与其他药学活性化合物组合使用,以治疗如先前在上文描述的那些病症。本披露的一种或多种化合物与一种或多种其他药学活性化合物可以同时(以相同的剂型或以不同的剂型)或顺序施用。相应地,在一个实施例中,本披露包括通过向受试者施用治疗有效量的本披露的一种或多种化合物和一种或多种另外的药学活性化合物来治疗病症的方法。
在另一个实施例中,提供了药物组合物,该药物组合物包含本披露的一种或多种化合物、一种或多种另外的药学活性化合物以及药学上可接受的载体。
在另一个实施例中,一种或多种另外的药物活性化合物选自抗癌药物、抗增殖药物和抗炎药物。
本文所述的ATR抑制剂组合物还任选地与其他治疗试剂组合使用,这些治疗试剂是根据他们对于待治疗的病症的治疗值来选择的。通常,本文所述的化合物和在采用组合疗法的实施例中的其他药剂不必在同一药物组合物中施用,由于具有不同的物理和化学特征,任选地通过不同途径来施用。通常,首次施用是根据已建立的方案来进行,然后是基于观察到的效果,剂量、施用方式和施用时间随后进行改变。在某些情况下,合适的是与其他治疗剂组合施用本文所述的ATR抑制剂化合物。仅通过举例的方式,ATR抑制剂的治疗有效性通过施用也具有治疗益处的另一种治疗剂(其也包括治疗方案)来增强。无论所治疗的疾病、障碍或病症如何,患者经历的整体益处是两种治疗剂的简单加和,或者患者经历增强的(即,协同)益处。替代性地,如果本文披露的化合物具有副作用,则可能合适的是施用减少该副作用的药剂;或者本文所述的化合物的治疗有效性可通过施用佐剂来增强。
当药物在治疗组合中使用时,治疗有效剂量有所改变。用实验方法确定在组合治疗方案中使用的药物和其他药剂的治疗有效剂量的方法是记录的方法。组合治疗还包括在不同时间开始和停止以辅助临床管理患者的定期治疗。在任何情况下,多种治疗剂(其中一种是如本文所述的ATR抑制剂)可以任何顺序或同时施用。如果同时施用,则多种治疗剂任选地以单种统一形式或以多种形式(仅通过举例的方式,作为单一丸剂或作为两种分开的丸剂)提供。
在另一个实施例中,ATR抑制剂任选地与向患者提供另外的益处的程序组合使用。ATR抑制剂和任何另外的疗法任选地在疾病或病症发生之前、过程中或之后施用,并且施用含有ATR抑制剂的组合物的时机在一些实施例中有所变化。因此,例如,ATR抑制剂用作预防药,并且对有发展病症或疾病倾向的受试者连续施用,以防止疾病或病症发生。ATR抑制剂和组合物任选地在症状发作过程中或症状发作后尽快向受试者施用。虽然已经示出和在本文所述了本发明的实施例,仅通过举例的方式来提供这样的实施例对本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。许多变化、改变和替换将会对本领域的技术人员发生而不脱离本发明的范围。在本发明的一些实施例中,本文所述的实施例的各种替代在实施本发明中应用。
ATR抑制剂可以与抗癌药物组合使用,这些抗癌药物包括但不限于以下种类:烷化剂、抗代谢物、植物生物碱和萜类化合物、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、细胞毒性抗生素、血管生成抑制剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。
为了用于癌症和赘生疾病,ATR抑制剂可最优地与抗癌剂的以下非限制性实例中的一种或多种一起使用:
1)涉及一种或多种DNA损伤修复(DDR)途径的蛋白质的抑制剂或调节剂,如:
a.PARP1/2,包括但不限于:奥拉帕尼、尼拉帕尼、卢卡帕尼;
b.检查点激酶1(CHK1),包括但不限于:UCN-01、AZD7762、PF477736、SCH900776、MK-8776、LY2603618、V158411和EXEL-9844;
c.检查点激酶2(CHK2),包括但不限于:PV1019、NSC109555和VRX0466617;
d.双重CHK1/CHK2,包括但不限于:XL-844、AZD7762和PF-473336;
e.WEE1,包括但不限于:MK-1775和PD0166285;
f.ATM,包括但不限于KU-55933,
g.DNA依赖性蛋白激酶,包括但不限于NU7441和M3814;以及
h.DDR中涉及的另外的蛋白质;
2)一个或多个免疫检查点的抑制剂或调节剂,包括但不限于:
a.PD-1抑制剂,如纳武单抗(OPDIVO)、帕博利珠单抗(KEYTRUDA)、匹地利珠单抗(CT-011)和AMP-224(AMPLIMMUNE);
b.PD-L1抑制剂,如阿特朱单抗(TECENTRIQ)、阿维单抗(Bavencio)、度伐单抗(Imfinzi)、MPDL3280A(Tecentriq)、BMS-936559和MEDI4736;
c.抗CTLA-4抗体,如伊匹单抗(YERVOY)和CP-675,206(TREMELIMUMAB);
d.T细胞免疫球蛋白和粘蛋白结构域3(Tim-3)的抑制剂;
e.T细胞活化的V结构域Ig抑制基因的抑制剂(Vista);
f.B/T淋巴细胞弱化因子(BTLA)的抑制剂;
g.淋巴细胞活化基因3(LAG3)的抑制剂;以及
h.T细胞免疫球蛋白和基于免疫受体酪氨酸的抑制性基序结构域(TIGIT)的抑制剂;
3)端粒酶抑制剂或端粒DNA结合化合物;
4)烷化剂,包括但不限于:苯丁酸氮芥(LEUKERAN)、奥沙利铂(ELOXATIN)、链脲菌素(ZANOSAR)、达卡巴嗪、异环磷酰胺、洛莫司汀(CCNU)、甲苄肼(MATULAN)、替莫唑胺(TEMODAR)和噻替哌;
5)DNA交联剂,包括但不限于:卡莫司汀、苯丁酸氮芥(LEUKERAN)、卡铂(PARAPLATIN)、顺铂(PLATIN)、白消安(MYLERAN)、美法仑(ALKERAN)、丝裂霉素(MITOSOL)和环磷酰胺(ENDOXAN);
6)抗代谢物,包括但不限于:克拉屈滨(LEUSTATIN)、阿糖胞苷(ARA-C)、巯基嘌呤(PURINETHOL)、硫鸟嘌呤、喷司他汀(NIPENT)、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷(阿糖胞苷、ARA-C)、吉西他滨(GEMZAR)、氟尿嘧啶(5-FU、CARAC)、卡培他滨(XELODA)、亚叶酸(FUSILEV)、甲氨蝶呤(RHEUMATREX)和雷替曲塞;
7)抗有丝分裂剂,通常是植物生物碱和萜类化合物或其衍生物,包括但不限于:紫杉烷类(如多西他赛(TAXITERE)、紫杉醇(ABRAXANE、TAXOL))、长春花生物碱(如长春新碱(ONCOVIN)、长春碱、长春地辛和长春瑞滨(NAVELBINE));
8)拓扑异构酶抑制剂,包括但不限于:安吖啶、喜树碱(CTP)、金雀異黃酮(genisten)、伊立替康(CAMPTOSAR)、拓扑替康(HYCAMTIN)、阿霉素(ADRIAMYCIN)、柔红霉素(CERUBIDINE)、表柔比星(ELLENCE)、ICRF-193、替尼泊苷(VUMON)、米托蒽醌(NOVANTRONE)和依托泊苷(EPOSIN);
9)DNA复制抑制剂,包括但不限于:氟达拉滨(FLUDARA)、阿非迪霉素、更昔洛韦和西多福韦;
10)核糖核苷二磷酸还原酶抑制剂,包括但不限于:羟基脲;
11)转录抑制剂,包括但不限于:放线菌素D(更生霉素、COSMEGEN)和普卡霉素(光神霉素);
12)DNA裂解剂,包括但不限于:博来霉素(BLENOXANE)、伊达比星,
13)细胞毒性抗生素,包括但不限于:放线菌素D(更生霉素、COSMEGEN),
14)芳香酶抑制剂,包括但不限于:氨鲁米特、阿那曲唑(ARIMIDEX)、来曲唑(FEMARA)、伏氯唑(RIVIZOR)和依西美坦(AROMASIN);
15)血管生成抑制剂,包括但不限于:染料木黄酮、舒尼替尼(SUTENT)和贝伐单抗(AVASTIN);
16)抗类固醇和抗雄激素,包括但不限于:氨鲁米特(CYTADREN)、比卡鲁胺(CASODEX)、环丙孕酮、氟他米特(EULEXIN)、尼鲁米特(NILANDRON);
17)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,包括但不限于:伊马替尼(GLEEVEC)、厄洛替尼(TARCEVA)、拉帕替尼(TYKERB)、索拉非尼(NEXAVAR)和阿昔替尼(INLYTA);
18)mTOR抑制剂,包括但不限于:依维莫司、替西罗莫司(TORISEL)和西罗莫司;
19)单克隆抗体,包括但不限于:曲妥珠单抗(HERCEPTIN)和利妥昔单抗(RITUXAN);
20)凋亡诱导剂,如虫草素;
21)蛋白合成抑制剂,包括但不限于:克林霉素、氯霉素、链霉素、茴香霉素和环己酰亚胺;
22)抗糖尿病药,包括但不限于:二甲双胍和苯乙双胍;
23)抗生素,包括但不限于:
a.四环素,包括但不限于:强力霉素;
b.红霉素,包括但不限于:阿奇霉素;
c.双甘氨肽,包括但不限于:替加环素;
d.抗寄生虫药,包括但不限于:恩波吡维铵;
e.β-内酰胺类,包括但不限于青霉素和头孢菌素;
f.蒽环类抗生素,包括但不限于:柔红霉素和阿霉素;
g.其他抗生素,包括但不限于:氯霉素、丝裂霉素C和放线菌素;
24)抗体治疗剂,包括但不限于:莫罗单抗-CD3、英夫利昔单抗(REMICADE)、阿达木单抗(HUMIRA)、奥马珠单抗(XOLAIR)、达克珠单抗(ZENAPAX)、利妥昔单抗(RITUXAN)、替伊莫单抗(ZEVALIN)、托西莫单抗(BEXXAR)、西妥昔单抗(ERBITUX)、曲妥珠单抗(HERCEPTIN)、本妥昔单抗(ADCETRIS)、阿仑单抗(CAMPATH-1H)、Lym-1(ONCOLYM)、伊匹单抗(YERVOY)、维他辛(vitaxin)、贝伐单抗(AVASTIN)和阿昔单抗(REOPRO);以及
25)其他药剂,例如卡介苗(B-C-G);布舍瑞林(ETILAMIDE);氯喹(ARALEN);氯膦酸盐、帕米膦酸二钠和其他的二膦酸盐;秋水仙碱;脱甲绿胶酶素;二氯乙酸盐;雌莫司汀;非格司亭(NEUPOGEN);氟氢可地松(FLORINEF);戈舍瑞林(ZOLADEX);干扰素;亚叶酸;亮丙瑞林(LUPRON);左旋咪唑;氯尼达明;美司钠;二甲双胍;米托坦(o,p’-DDD,LYSODREN);诺考达唑;奥曲肽(SANDOSTATIN);哌立福辛;卟菲尔钠(尤其是与光线疗法和放射疗法组合);苏拉明;三苯氧胺;二茂基二氯化钛;维甲酸;合成类固醇例如氟甲睾酮(HALOTESTIN);雌激素类例如雌二醇、己烯雌(DES)、和双烯雌酚;孕酮例如醋酸甲羟孕酮(MPA)和甲地孕酮;和睾酮;
在任何情况下,多种治疗剂(其中至少一种是本文披露的化合物)可以任何顺序或甚至同时施用。如果同时施用,则多种治疗剂可以单种统一形式或以多种形式(仅通过举例的方式,作为单一丸剂或作为两种分开的丸剂)提供。治疗剂中的一种可以多个剂量施用,或两种可作为多个剂量施用。如果不是同时施用,则多个剂量之间的时间可以是范围从几分钟到四周的任何持续时间。
因此,在另一个方面,某些实施例提供了用于治疗在需要这种治疗的人类或动物受试者中ATR激酶介导的障碍的方法,这些方法包括向该受试者施用可有效地减少或预防该受试者的障碍的一定量的本文披露的化合物,与至少一种本领域已知的用于治疗该障碍的另外的药剂组合。在相关方面,某些实施例提供了治疗组合物,这些治疗组合物包含至少一种本文披露的化合物与一种或多种用于治疗ATR激酶介导的障碍的另外的药剂的组合。
通过本文披露的化合物、组合物和方法治疗的具体疾病包括增殖性疾病和过度增殖性疾病,包括癌症。
除了可用于人类治疗外,本文披露的某些化合物和配制品同样可用于兽医治疗宠物、外来的动物(exotic animal)及家畜,包括哺乳动物、啮齿动物等。更优选的动物包括马、狗和猫。
缩写列表
Boc=叔丁氧羰基;BPin=4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基;Br2=溴;Bu=正丁基;t-Bu=叔丁基=2,2-二甲基乙基;℃=摄氏度;CBz=羧基苄基;CDCl3=氘代氯仿;CD3CN=氘代乙腈;DBN=1,5-二氮杂二环(4.3.0)壬-5-烯;DBU=1,8-二氮杂二环(5.4.0)十一碳-7-烯;DCM=CH2Cl2=二氯甲烷;DDTT=3-((二甲基氨基亚甲基)氨基)-3H-1,2,4-二噻唑-5-硫酮;DIPEA=iPr2NEt=二异丙基乙胺;DMAP=4-二甲氨基吡啶;DMF=二甲基甲酰胺;DMF-d7=二甲基甲酰胺-d7;DMSO=二甲亚砜;DMSO-d6=二甲亚砜-d6;DMTr=二甲氧基三苯甲基=(4-甲氧基苯基)2(苯基)甲基;D2O=氘化水;dppf=1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁;EA=EtOAc=乙酸乙酯;ES+=电喷雾正离子化;ES-=电喷雾负离子化;Et=乙基;EtOH=乙醇;h=小时;H=氢;HCl=氯化氢;HCO2NH4=甲酸铵;H2O=水;HPLC=高压液相色谱,也称为制备型高效液相色谱;int.=中间体;iPr=异丙基=2-丙基;M=摩尔;mCPBA=间氯过氧苯甲酸;MeCN=CH3CN=乙腈;MeOH=甲醇;MHz=兆赫兹;mL=毫升;min=分钟;MS=质谱;MsCl=甲磺酰氯;MW=微波;N2=氮;NH3=氨;NH4OH=氢氧化铵;NMP=N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮;1H-NMR=质子核磁共振;31P-NMR=磷核磁共振;PBS=磷酸盐缓冲盐水;PE=石油醚;Pin=频哪醇=2,3-二甲基丁烷-2,3-二醇;Pin2B2=4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷);Piv=新戊酰基=(CH3)3C-C(=O)-;制备型HPLC=制备型高压液相色谱,也称为制备型高效液相色谱;RT=室温;NaOH=氢氧化钠;Pd(dppf)Cl2=[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II);RuPhos=二环己基(2',6'-二异丙氧基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-基)膦;THF=四氢呋喃;Py=吡啶;SFC=超临界流体色谱;TBSCl=叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯;TEA=三乙胺TEAB=四乙基碳酸氢铵;TMSCl=三甲基甲硅烷基氯;TFA=三氟乙酸;K2CO3=碳酸钾;μL=ul=微升。
用于制备化合物的一般合成方法
以下方案可以用于实践本披露。
方案1
方案1描述了二氯吡啶1和亚砜亚胺的布赫瓦尔德(Buchwald)偶联反应,然后进行氯吡啶2和硼酸酯的铃木(Suzuki)偶联反应,得到吡啶化合物3。
方案2
方案2描述了氯吡啶2和芳基胺的布赫瓦尔德偶联反应,然后用铁还原,提供氨基中间体5。随后用原酸酯或羧酸进行环化,得到吡啶化合物6。
方案3
方案3描述了氯吡啶2和苯并咪唑的布赫瓦尔德偶联反应,得到吡啶化合物6。
通用方法。
通过方案1-3的方法制备以下实例化合物:
中间体A
(R)-4-(2,6-二氯吡啶-4-基)-3-甲基吗啉
(R)-4-(2,6-二氯吡啶-4-基)-3-甲基吗啉:向2,6-二氯-4-碘吡啶(25g,93mmol)、PPh3(2.87g,91.6mmol)、Pd(OAc)2(1.04g,4.49mmol)和K3PO4(60.2g,273.8mmol)在DMF(400mL)中的溶液中添加(R)-3-甲基吗啉(17.4g,146mmol),并且将反应混合物在100℃下搅拌4h。将混合物冷却至RT并在减压下浓缩。将残余物吸收于EtOAc(200mL)中,用H2O(150mL)分配,并分离各层。将水层用EtOAc(3x 150mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(3×100mL)洗涤,经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(0-10%EtOAc的己烷溶液)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(17.5mg,72%产率)。MS(ES+)C10H12Cl2N2O要求:246,实测:247[M+H]+。
中间体B
亚氨基二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物
步骤1
(二甲基(氧代)-λ6-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酸苄酯:向DMSO(780mg,10.0mmol)、氨基甲酸苄酯(2.3g,15mmol)、Rh2(OAc)4(110mg,0.25mmol)和MgO(1.6g,40mmol)在DCM(100mL)中的悬浮液中添加PhI(OAc)2(4.8g,15mmol)。在室温下搅拌所得混合物16h。将反应混合物过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(0-90%EtOAc的石油醚溶液)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(900mg,40%产率)。
MS(ES+)C10H13NO3S要求:227,实测:228[M+H]+。
步骤2
亚氨基二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物:将前一步骤的产物(600mg,2.6mmol)和Pd/C(243mg,2.6mmol)悬浮在MeOH(20mL)中。将混合物在H2气氛下在1个大气压下搅拌16h。将反应混合物用N2吹扫,通过过滤,并将滤液用MeOH(10mL)洗涤。将混合物在减压下浓缩,以得到呈无色油状物的标题化合物(205mg,85%产率)。MS(ES+)C2H7NOS要求:93,实测94[M+H]+。
中间体C
环丙基(亚氨基)(甲基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物
步骤1
(甲基亚磺酰基)环丙烷:在0℃下,向1-溴-4-(甲基亚磺酰基)苯(10.5g,48.0mmol)在THF(100mL)中的溶液中缓慢添加环丙基溴化镁(1M,72mL,72mmol)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌1.5h。添加饱和NH4Cl水溶液(200mL),分离各层,并将水层用CH2Cl2(5x150mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(50%-100%EtOAc的石油醚溶液)纯化,以得到呈黄色油状物的标题化合物(3.2g,64%产率)。MS(ES+)C4H8OS要求:104,实测105[M+H]+。
步骤2
(环丙基(甲基)(氧代)-λ6-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酸苄酯:向前一步骤的产物(2.35g,22.6mmol)在DCM(100mL)中的溶液中添加氨基甲酸苄酯(5.1g,34mmol)、PhI(OAc)2(11g,34mmol)、Rh2(OAc)4(0.25g,0.56mmol)和MgO(3.6g,90mmol),并将所得混合物在RT下搅拌16h。将反应混合物通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(20%-50%EtOAc的石油醚溶液)纯化,以得到呈黄色油状物的标题化合物(2.2g,39%产率)。MS(ES+)C12H15NO3S要求:253,实测254[M+H]+。
步骤3
环丙基(亚氨基)(甲基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物:在N2下,向前一步骤的产物(2.2g,8.7mmol)在MeOH(100mL)中的溶液中添加Pd/C(2.2g)。排空N2气氛,并用H2(3x)吹扫。将混合物加热至50℃并在H2气氛下搅拌3h。将混合物冷却至RT,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩,以得到呈黄色油状物的标题化合物(1.05g,96%产率)。MS(ES+)C4H9NOS要求:119,实测120[M+H]+。
中间体D
亚氨基(甲基)(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物
步骤1
3-(甲基亚磺酰基)氧杂环丁烷:在N2下,向3-碘氧杂环丁烷(6.0g,32.6mmol)在DMF(60mL)中的溶液中添加CH3SNa(2.28g,32.6mmol)。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1h。添加EtOAc(120mL)和水(80mL),分离各层,并将有机层用盐水(80mL)洗涤、经MgSO4干燥并过滤。向EtOAc溶液中添加MeOH(60mL)、水(60mL)和NaIO4(6.2g,29.3mmol),并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16h。将混合物过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(50%EtOAc的石油醚溶液至10%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化,以得到呈浅黄色油状物的标题化合物(3.5g,90%产率)。MS(ES+)C4H8O2S要求:120,实测121[M+H]+。
步骤2
(甲基(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)(氧代)-λ6-亚硫烷基)氨基甲酸苄酯:向前一步骤的产物(3.5g,29mmol)在DCM(260mL)中的溶液中添加氨基甲酸苄酯(6.58g,43.6mmol)、Rh2(OAc)4(383mg,0.873mmol)、PhI(OAc)2(14.0g,43.6mmol)和MgO(4.7g,116mmol),并将混合物在N2气氛下且在室温下搅拌16h。将反应混合物通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(20%-50%EtOAc的石油醚溶液)纯化,以得到呈浅黄色油状物的标题化合物(4.1g,52%产率)。MS(ES+)C12H15NO4S要求:269,实测270[M+H]+。
步骤3
亚氨基(甲基)(氧杂环丁烷-3-基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物:在N2下,向前一步骤的产物(4.1g,15mmol)在MeOH(60mL)中的溶液中添加Pd/C(4.1g)。移除气氛,并用H2吹扫三次。将混合物加热至50℃并在H2气氛下搅拌3h。将混合物冷却至室温,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩,以得到呈浅黄色油状物的标题化合物(1.7g,83%产率)。
MS(ES+)C4H9NO2S要求:135,实测136[M+H]+。
中间体E
2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶步骤1
4-溴-2-甲基-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶:在-78℃下,向4-溴-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(1.0g,2.9mmol)在THF(30mL)中的溶液中添加LDA(2.9mL,2M的THF溶液),并将混合物在Ar气氛下且在-78℃下搅拌1h。添加MeI(4.0g,29mmol),并将混合物温热至室温并搅拌3h。添加饱和NH4Cl水溶液(50mL),并将水层用EtOAc(3×50mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过反相制备型HPLC(流动相:A=10mM NH4HCO3/H2O,B=MeCN;梯度:B=65%-95%;18min;柱:Welch XB-C18,10μm,21.2×250mm)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(420mg,40%产率)。MS(ES+)C15H13BrN2O2S要求:364,实测365[M+H]+。
步骤2
2-甲基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶:向反应瓶中装入前一反应的产物(410mg,1.13mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷)(345mg,1.3mmol)、KOAc(277mg,2.8mmol)和Pd(dppf)Cl2(82mg,0.11mmol)的二噁烷(5mL)溶液。通过鼓出Ar将混合物脱气1分钟。将混合物在80℃下加热并搅拌5h。将混合物冷却至室温,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(20%EtOAc的石油醚溶液)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(350mg,75%产率)。
MS(ES+)C21H25BN2O4S要求412,实测331[M-81]+
中间体F
6-甲氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶
步骤1
4-溴-6-甲氧基-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶:在0℃下,在N2气氛下,向4-溴-6-甲氧基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(800mg,3.5mmol)在THF(50mL)中的溶液中缓慢添加氢化钠(在矿物油中60%,280mg,7.0mmol)。将反应混合物温热至室温并搅拌30h。添加4-甲基苯-1-磺酰氯(798mg,4.2mmol)并将反应混合物在RT下搅拌2h。添加水(1mL),并将混合物在减压下浓缩。将残余物溶解于DCM(100mL)中,用2M碳酸氢钠(2×30mL)洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(0-50%EtOAc的己烷溶液)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(1.2g,90%产率)。MS(ES+)C15H13BrN2O3S要求380,实测381[M+H]+。
步骤2
6-甲氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶:向反应瓶中装入前一反应的产物(500mg,1.3mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷)(498mg,1.97mmol)、Pd(dppf)Cl2(95mg,0.13mmol)和KOAc(382mg,3.9mmol)的二噁烷(5mL)溶液。通过鼓出Ar将混合物脱气1分钟。将混合物在90℃下加热并搅拌16h。将混合物冷却至室温,经由过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(0-25%EtOAc的己烷溶液)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(350mg,75%产率)。
MS(ES+)C21H25BN2O5S要求428,实测347[M-81]+。
中间体G
4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶
4-溴-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶:在0℃下,向4-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶(300mg,1.5mmol)在DMF(10mL)中的溶液中添加NaH(92mg,2.25mmol,60%);并将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌2h。将反应混合物温热至室温,添加TsCl(429mg,2.25mmol),并将混合物加热至60℃并再搅拌2h。添加H2O(10mL),分离各层,并将水层用EtOAc(3×15mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过快速色谱法(0-20%EtOAc的石油醚溶液)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(300mg,57%产率)。MS(ES+)C14H11BrN2O2S要求350,实测351[M-81]+。
步骤2
4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶:将前一步骤的产物(300mg,0.86mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷)(254mg,1.0mmol)、Pd(dppf)Cl2(63mg,0.086mmol)和KOAc(169mg,1.72mmol)在二噁烷(10mL)中的混合物用Ar脱气,并将反应混合物在120℃下加热4h。将反应混合物冷却至室温,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过快速色谱法(10%-60%EtOAc的石油醚溶液)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(100mg,29%产率)。MS(ES+)C20H23BN2O4S要求398,实测399[M+H]+。
中间体H
4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)吡啶-2,3-二胺
4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)吡啶-2,3-二胺:向4-溴吡啶-2,3-二胺(200mg,1.07mmol)、KOAc(262mg,2.67mmol)和4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷)(544mg,2.14mmol)在二噁烷(10mL)中的溶液中添加Pd(dppf)Cl2(63mg,0.086mmol),并将混合物在Ar气氛下且在80℃下搅拌16h。将反应混合物冷却至RT,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物吸收于石油醚(20mL)中并搅拌10分钟,过滤并浓缩,以得到呈棕色固体的标题化合物(>250mg,假定定量)。(ES+)C11H18BN3O2要求:235,实测154[M-81]+。
中间体I
6-氯-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶
6-氯-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶:将4-溴-6-氯-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(100mg,0.432mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷)(121mg,0.475mmol)和乙酸钾(127mg,1.30mmol)在二噁烷(2160μL)中的悬浮液用N2脱气1分钟。添加PdCl2(dppf)-CH2Cl2(17mg,0.022mmol),并将混合物用N2再脱气1分钟。将反应混合物加热至100℃并搅拌12h。将混合物冷却至室温,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩,以得到呈棕色固体的标题化合物(假定定量)。MS(ES+)C13H16BClN2O2要求:278,实测:279[M+H]+。
中间体J
2-(((三异丙基甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑
2-(((三异丙基甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑:在室温下,向(1H-苯并[d]咪唑-2-基)甲醇(1.66g,11.2mmol)、咪唑(0.92g,13.4mmol)和DMAP(68mg,0.56mmol)在DMF(10mL)中的溶液中添加三异丙基氯硅烷(2.87mL,13.5mmol);并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌16h。将混合物倒入水(100mL)中,分离各层,并将水层用二乙醚(2×100mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用水(2x 50mL)和盐水(50mL)洗涤,经MgSO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(3.40g,100%产率)。MS(ES+)C17H28N2OSi要求:304,实测:305[M+H]+。
实例1
(R)-二甲基((4-(3-甲基吗啉)-6-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物
步骤1
(R)-((6-氯-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基--亚磺酰化物:将中间体(Int.)A(5.0g,20mmol)、中间体B(1.86g,20mmol)、Pd2(dba)3(900mg,0.1mmol)、X-phos(480mg,0.10mmol)和Cs2CO3(13g,40mmol)在二噁烷(100mL)中的混合物加热至90℃保持16h。将反应混合物冷却至RT,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(10%-75%EtOAc的石油醚溶液)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(3.4g,56%产率)。MS(ES+)C12H18ClN3O2S要求:303,实测304[M+H]+。
步骤2
(R)-二甲基((4-(3-甲基吗啉)-6-(1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物:在Ar气氛下,将前一步骤的产物(4.5g,14.85mmol)、4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(7.1g,17.82mmol)、Pd(dppf)Cl2(1.09g,1.49mmol)和K2CO3(6.2g,44.6mmol)在二噁烷/H2O(120mL/24mL)中的混合物加热至90℃保持16h。将混合物冷却至室温,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过快速色谱法(10%-80%EtOAc的石油醚溶液)纯化,以得到呈棕色固体的标题化合物(6.48g,81%产率)。MS(ES+)C26H29N5O4S2要求:539,实测:540[M+H]+。
步骤3
(R)-二甲基((4-(3-甲基吗啉)-6-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物:向前一步骤的产物(10g,18.55mmol)在MeOH(150mL)和THF(75mL)中的溶液中添加NaOH水溶液(5N,37mL,186mmol)。将反应混合物在50℃下并搅拌2h。将混合物冷却至室温,添加2N HCl直到获得在6和7之间的pH,添加水(200mL)并且将水层用DCM(3x200mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过快速色谱法(2%-5%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化,以得到呈黄色固体的标题化合物(4.9g,68%产率)。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.68(s,1H),8.26(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.49(dd,J=6.7,4.1Hz,2H),7.81(dd,J=3.4,2.0Hz,1H),6.96(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),6.09(d,J=1.9Hz,1H),4.06(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),3.94(dd,J=10.8,3.4Hz,1H),3.69(dt,J=11.4,7.0Hz,2H),3.52(dt,J=24.2,8.0Hz,2H),3.38(d,J=4.5Hz,6H),3.11-3.01(m,1H),1.12(d,J=6.6Hz,3H)ppm。MS(ES+)C19H23N5O2S要求:385,实测:386[M+H]+。
实例2
(R)-((6-(3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-7-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物
步骤1
(R)-((2',3'-二氨基-4-(3-甲基吗啉)-[2,4'-联吡啶]-6-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物:将中间体A(150mg,0.49mmol)、中间体H(350mg,假定1.07mmol)、Na2CO3(130mg,1.2mmol)、和Pd(dppf)Cl2(18mg,0.024mmol)在二噁烷(20mL)和H2O(4mL)中的混合物加热至80℃并在Ar气氛下搅拌16h。将反应混合物冷却至室温,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过快速色谱法(1%-15%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化,以得到呈棕色固体的标题化合物(150mg,80%产率)。MS(ES+)C17H24N6O2S要求:376,实测:377[M+H]+。
步骤2
(R)-((6-(3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-7-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物:向微波瓶中装入前一步骤的产物(130mg,0.34mmol)、甲酸(48mg,1.0mmol)和原甲酸三乙酯(3mL)并且用Ar脱气1min。将混合物在微波反应器中在150℃下加热1.5h。将混合物在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过反相制备型HPLC(流动相:A=10mM NH4HCO3/H2O,B=MeCN;梯度:B=18%-48%;18min;柱:Welch XB-C18,10μm,21.2×250mm,30mL/min)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(32mg,21%产率)。1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.49(s,1H),8.59-8.35(m,2H),7.96(dd,1H),7.29(s,1H),6.11(d,1H),4.17(d,1H),3.97(t,1H),3.82-3.49(m,4H),3.42(d,6H),3.16-3.02(m,1H),1.13(d,3H)ppm;MS(ES+)C18H22N6O2S要求:386,实测:387[M+H]+。
实例3a/b
(R)-环丙基(甲基)((4-((R)-3-甲基吗啉)-6-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物
以及
(S)-环丙基(甲基)((4-((R)-3-甲基吗啉)-6-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物
(R)-环丙基(甲基)((4-((R)-3-甲基吗啉)-6-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物和(S)-环丙基(甲基)((4-((R)-3-甲基吗啉)-6-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物:根据实例1合成环丙基(甲基)((4-((R)-3-甲基吗啉)-6-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物。将化合物的混合物分离(手性SFC(流动相:CO2/MeOH(0.2%甲醇氨)=40/60;流速:80g/min;3.5min;柱温:35℃;背压:100巴;柱:Daicel AD,10μm,20mmx 250mm))以提供呈白色固体的标题化合物3a(150mg,38%产率,99%ee)和3b(148mg,37%产率,96%ee)。实例CP-AR-0360:Rf=1.7min,实例CP-AR-0361:Rf=2.43min。
实例3a:((S)-环丙基(甲基)或(R)-环丙基(甲基)):Rf=1.7min:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.68(s,1H),8.26(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.51-7.46(m,2H),7.16(dd,J=3.4,2.0Hz,1H),6.96(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.10(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),4.11-4.03(m,1H),3.98-3.91(m,1H),3.72(d,J=11.3Hz,1H),3.67(dd,J=11.0,2.8Hz,2H),3.57-3.48(m,1H),3.47(s,3H),3.06(td,J=12.4,11.8,3.6Hz,1H),2.97-2.88(m,1H),1.22-1.14(m,2H),1.13(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),1.10-0.99(m,2H)ppm;MS(ES+)C21H25N5O2S要求:411,实测:412[M+H]+。
实例3b:((S)-环丙基(甲基)或(R)-环丙基(甲基)):Rf=2.4min:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.67(s,1H),8.26(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),7.52-7.46(m,2H),7.16(dd,J=3.5,1.9Hz,1H),6.96(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.10(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),4.11-4.04(m,1H),3.94(dd,J=11.3,3.7Hz,1H),3.72(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),3.67(dd,J=11.3,3.0Hz,1H),3.54(dd,J=12.0,3.1Hz,1H),3.51-3.44(m,4H),3.07(td,J=12.2,3.9Hz,1H),2.99-2.90(m,1H),1.22-1.13(m,2H),1.11(d,J=6.6Hz,3H),1.09-0.98(m,2H);MS(ES+)C21H25N5O2S要求:411,实测:412[M+H]+。
实例4
(R)-二甲基((6-(2-甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-3-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物
步骤1
(R)-二甲基((4-(3-甲基吗啉)-6-((3-硝基吡啶-2-基)氨基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物:向反应瓶中装入(R)-((6-氯-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物(实例1,步骤1)(200mg,0.658mmol)、3-硝基吡啶-2-胺(110mg,0.790mmol)、和二噁烷(3.29mL),并将混合物用N2脱气30秒。添加Cs2CO3(643mg,1.98mmol)、Pd2dba3(60mg,0.066mmol)和Xantphos(76mg,0.13mmol),并将混合物用N2脱气30秒。将瓶密封并在100℃加热16h。将混合物冷却至RT,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(0-10%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化,以得到呈橙色固体的标题化合物(244mg,46%产率)。MS(ES+)C17H22N6O4S要求:406,实测:407[M+H]+。
步骤2
(R)-((6-((3-氨基吡啶-2-基)氨基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物:向前一步骤的产物(244mg,0.300mmol)在EtOH(1.5mL)中的溶液中添加氯化铵(64mg,1.2mmol)、水(500μL)、和铁(67mg,1.2mmol),并将所得混合物在100℃下搅拌3h。将混合物冷却至RT,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(在DCM中的0-20%MeOH的DCM溶液)纯化,以得到呈浅黄色固体的标题化合物(84mg,74%产率)。MS(ES+)C17H24N6O2S要求:376,实测:377[M+H]+。
步骤3
(R)-二甲基((6-(2-甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-3-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物:向前一步骤的产物(50mg,0.13mmol)在甲苯(266μL)中的溶液中添加原乙酸三乙酯(49μL,0.27mmol)和TsOH(2.5mg,0.013mmol),并将所得混合物在110℃下搅拌16h。将混合物冷却至室温并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过质谱触发制备型HPLC(流动相:A=0.1%TFA/H2O,B=0.1%TFA/MeCN;梯度:B=10%-40%;26min;柱:XBridge C18,5μm,19mm x 150mm)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(37mg,44%产率)。
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ8.39(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),8.13(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.50-7.44(m,1H),7.04(s,1H),6.54(s,1H),4.15-4.09(m,1H),4.03(dd,J=11.7,3.9Hz,1H),3.82(d,J=11.8Hz,1H),3.77(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),3.69(d,J=13.3Hz,1H),3.64(t,J=12.0Hz,1H),3.48(d,J=5.4Hz,6H),3.42(td,J=12.7,4.1Hz,1H),2.71(s,3H),1.35(d,J=6.7Hz,3H)ppm;MS(ES+)C19H24N6O2S要求:400,实测:401[M+H]+。
实例5
(R)-((6-(3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-3-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物
按照实例4并在步骤3中将使用原乙酸三乙酯改为使用原甲酸三乙酯来合成实例5。1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ9.07(s,1H),8.52(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),8.24(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.54-7.49(m,1H),7.43(s,1H),6.39(s,1H),4.19-4.11(m,1H),4.08-4.02(m,1H),3.84(d,J=11.7Hz,1H),3.79(d,J=11.4Hz,1H),3.71-3.62(m,2H),3.50(d,J=3.5Hz,6H),3.43-3.37(m,1H),1.35(d,J=6.8Hz,3H)ppm;MS(ES+)C18H22N6O2S要求:386,实测:387[M+H]+。
实例6
(R)-((6-(2-(二氟甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物
步骤1
按照实例4并在步骤1中将3-硝基吡啶-2-胺改为2-硝基苯胺来合成(R)-((6-((2-氨基苯基)氨基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物。
(R)-((6-(2-(二氟甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物:向(R)-((6-((2-氨基苯基)氨基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基--亚磺酰化物(50mg,0.13mmol)在甲苯(266μL)中的溶液中添加2,2-二氟乙酸(26mg,0.27mmol)和TsOH(2.5mg,0.013mmol)并将所得混合物在110℃下搅拌16h。将混合物冷却至室温并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过质谱触发制备型HPLC(流动相:A=0.1%TFA/H2O,B=0.1%TFA/MeCN;梯度:B=10%-50%;26min;柱:XBridge C18,5μm,19mmx 150mm)纯化,以得到呈浅黄色固体的标题化合物(28mg,32%产率)。
1H NMR(600MHz,甲醇-d4)δ7.84(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.51-7.44(m,2H),7.32(t,J=52.5Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.46(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.11-4.06(m,1H),4.02(dd,J=11.2,4.0Hz,1H),3.82-3.74(m,2H),3.66-3.60(m,2H),3.44(s,6H),3.32-3.29(m,1H),1.32(d,J=6.7Hz,3H);MS(ES+)C20H23F2N5O2S要求:435,实测:436[M+H]+。
实例7
(R)-((6-(2-(羟甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物
步骤1
(R)-二甲基((4-(3-甲基吗啉)-6-(2-(((三异丙基甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物:向(R)-((6-氯-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物(156mg,0.513mmol)和中间体J(0188mg,0.616mmol)在二噁烷(5mL)中的溶液中用N2脱气五分钟。添加NaOtBu(98mg,1.03mmol)和t-BuBrettPhos Pd G3预催化剂(44mg,0.051mmol),并且将混合物超声处理1min,然后在90℃下加热70分钟。将反应冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(20mL)稀释,通过过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(1:1:1DCM:己烷:丙酮(具有1%Et3N))纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(178mg,61%产率)。MS(ES+)C29H45N5O3SSi要求:571,实测:572[M+H]+。
步骤2
(R)-((6-(2-(羟甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物:在NalgeneTM瓶中,向前一步骤的产物(0.28mg,0.494mmol)在THF(5mL)中的溶液中添加30%HF-吡啶络合物(1.0mL),并将所得混合物在室温下搅拌90min。添加饱和NaHCO3水溶液(50mL),并将所得混合物剧烈搅拌15分钟。将水层用DCM(3x30mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经MgSO4干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过快速色谱法(2%-10%MeOH/10%NH4OH的DCM溶液)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(156mg,74%产率)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δppm 7.76-7.91(m,1H),7.51-7.63(m,1H),7.29-7.40(m,2H),6.52(d,J=2.26Hz,1H),6.19(d,J=2.01Hz,1H),4.91(s,2H),4.04(dd,J=11.54,3.51Hz,1H),3.89(q,J=6.78Hz,1H),3.76-3.85(m,2H),3.66(td,J=11.80,3.51Hz,1H),3.42-3.43(m,1H),3.20-3.22(m,1H),3.20-3.44(m,6H),1.31(d,J=6.53Hz,3H)ppm;MS(ES+)C20H25N5O3S要求:415,实测:416[M+H]+。
实例8
(R)-((6-(2-(氟甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物
(R)-((6-(2-(氟甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物:在0℃下,向(R)-((6-(2-(羟甲基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物(91mg,0.219mmol)在DCM(5mL)中的溶液中添加二乙氨基三氟化硫(DAST,70μL,0.529mmol),并且将所得混合物温热至室温并搅拌30min。添加饱和NaHCO3水溶液(25mL),并将该混合物剧烈搅拌15分钟。将各层分离,并将水层用DCM(2x 25mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经MgSO4干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物经由快速色谱法(2%-10%MeOH/10%NH4OH的DCM溶液具有)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(48mg,53%产率)。
1H NMR(400MHz,氯仿-d)δppm 7.83-7.98(m,1H),7.72(dd,J=6.53,2.76Hz,1H),7.34-7.48(m,2H),6.54(d,J=1.51Hz,1H),6.21(d,J=1.51Hz,1H),5.89(d,J=0.75Hz,1H),5.78(s,1H),4.04(br dd,J=11.42,3.39Hz,1H),3.86-3.94(m,1H),3.75-3.86(m,2H),3.66(td,J=11.80,3.26Hz,1H),3.21-3.42(m,8H),1.30(d,J=6.78Hz,3H)ppm;MS(ES+)C20H24FN5O2S要求:417,实测:418[M+H]+。
实例9
(R)-((6-(2-氨基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物
按照实例4并在步骤1中将3-硝基吡啶-2-胺改为2-硝基苯胺来合成(R)-((6-((2-氨基苯基)氨基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物。
(R)-((6-(2-氨基-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物:向BrCN(68mg,0.64mmol)在H2O(3mL)中的溶液中滴加(R)-((6-((2-氨基苯基)氨基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物(200mg,0.53mmol)在MeOH(3mL)中的溶液。在室温下搅拌所得混合物16h。将混合物在减压下浓缩。在饱和NaHCO3水溶液(10mL)和EtOAc(10mL)之间分配残余物。将各层分离,并将水层用EtOAc(2x 10mL)萃取。将合并的有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过质谱触发制备型HPLC(流动相:A=0.1%TFA/H2O,B=ACN;梯度:B=10%-90%;17min;柱:XBridge C8,10μm,19mm x 250mm)纯化,以提供呈灰色固体的标题化合物(31mg,14%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.43(t,J=7.8,2H),7.06(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.55(s,1H),6.22(s,2H),6.05(s,1H),4.04(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),3.94-3.74(m,3H),3.65(t,J=10.4Hz,1H),3.46-3.15(m,8H),1.28(d,J=6.6Hz,3H)ppm;MS(ES+)C19H24N6O2S要求:400,实测:401[M+H]+。
实例10
(R)-二甲基((6-(2-(甲基氨基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物
根据实例4并在步骤1中将3-硝基吡啶-2-胺改为2-硝基苯胺来合成(R)-((6-((2-氨基苯基)氨基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物。
(R)-二甲基((6-(2-(甲基氨基)-1H-苯并[d]咪唑-1-基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)-λ6-亚磺酰化物:向(R)-((6-((2-氨基苯基)氨基)-4-(3-甲基吗啉)吡啶-2-基)亚氨基)二甲基-λ6-亚磺酰化物(100mg,0.266mmol)在吡啶(5mL)中的溶液中添加异硫氰酸甲酯(21mg,0.29mmol)。将混合物在80℃下加热并搅拌30min。添加EDCI(71mg,0.37mmol)并且将反应混合物在80℃下再搅拌16h。将反应混合物冷却至室温,添加水(10mL),并用EtOAc(2x 10mL)萃取水层。将合并的有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过质谱触发制备型HPLC(流动相:A=0.1%TFA/H2O,B=ACN;梯度:B=10%-90%;17min;柱:XBridge C8,10μm,19mm x 250mm)纯化,以得到呈白色固体的标题化合物(37mg,34%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.74(s,1H),7.51(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.15(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.03(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.55(s,1H),6.02(s,1H),4.03(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),3.92-3.73(m,3H),3.65(t,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.43-3.20(m,8H),3.15(d,J=4.5Hz,3H),1.27(d,J=6.5Hz,3H)ppm;MS(ES+)C20H26N6O2S要求:414,实测:415[M+H]+。
如程序栏(“程序”)中所示的使用上述方法合成表1中报道的化合物。如针对中间体C所述来制备适当的亚砜亚胺。“实例编号”对应于以上实例编号,或使用相同方法的另外的化合物。“MW”是计算的分子重量,并且“[M+H]”是经由质谱实测的分子离子重量。
表1.
以下化合物通常可以使用本领域已知的和上述的方法来制备:
如下所述,在基于Caliper的测定中以及在Alphascreen测定中在HT-29细胞中,测量具有式I的化合物抑制ATR/ATRIP络合物的催化活性的能力,然后是ATR介导的CHK1磷酸化。
ATR/ATRIP酶测定
使人类全长FLAG-TEV-ATR和His6-ATRIP在HEK293细胞中共表达。收获细胞沉淀(20g),并将其溶于100mL裂解缓冲液(20mM pH 7.5且室温的Tris-HCl、137mM NaCl、10%甘油、1mM DTT、1%(v/v)Tween-20,0.1%(v/v)NP-40、完整的蛋白酶抑制剂混合物片、磷酸酶抑制剂混合物片、2mM MgCl2、0.2mM EDTA和1mM ATP)中。超声处理并离心后,将上清液与1mL抗FLAG树脂(西格玛公司(Sigma),目录号A2220)在4℃下温育3h,该抗FLAG树脂已在缓冲液A(20mM pH 7.5且室温的Tris-HCl、137mM NaCl、10%甘油、1mM DTT、2mM MgCl2和0.2mM EDTA)中预先平衡。将样品装入柱中,然后用缓冲液A洗涤三次。随后用2ml缓冲液B(缓冲液A+200μg/ml 3×FLAG肽)洗脱蛋白质。
使用基于Caliper的测定评估新化学物质抑制该ATR/ATRIP络合物中ATR催化活性的能力。使用1x激酶反应缓冲液(25mM HEPES pH 8、0.0055%Brij-35、10mM MnCl2和1mMDTT)制备2x酶溶液(即4nM酶)。然后制备2x肽溶液,该溶液由10uM FAM标记的RAD17肽(吉尔生化公司(GL Biochem),目录号524315)(在补充有2μM ATP的1x激酶反应缓冲液中)组成。将10μL的2x酶溶液转移到含有在100%DMSO中的60nL测试化合物(来自3x连续稀释液)的测定板中。在28℃下温育30min后,将10μL的2x肽溶液转移到同一测定板中。将反应在28℃下温育6h。添加30μL终止缓冲液(100mM HEPES pH 7.5、0.015%Brij-35、0.2%包被-3试剂(珀金埃尔默公司(PerkinElmer),目录号PN760050)和50mM EDTA)后,在Caliper仪器上收集数据。经由以下公式将转换值转换为抑制值:%抑制=(最大-转化)/(最大-最小)*100,其中“最大”对应于DMSO对照,而“最小”对应于低对照。在XLFit中使用以下公式计算IC50值:Y=底部+(顶部-底部)/1+(IC50/X)^希尔斜率(HillSlope))。
表2.ATR/ATRIP酶IC50值
pCHK1细胞测定
在添加4-硝基喹啉N-氧化物(用于诱导DNA损伤的化学物质)后,ATR激酶抑制剂有效地抑制丝氨酸345处下游靶Chk1激酶的ATR驱动的磷酸化。在HT-29结直肠腺癌细胞中测量本文所述的ATR抑制剂的细胞IC50。使用加湿培养箱(37℃、5%CO2和环境O2)常规地将HT-29细胞维持在补充有10%胎牛血清(西格玛公司,目录号F2442)和1X青霉素-链霉素(吉博科公司(Gibco)公司,目录号15140-122)的McCoy’s 5A培养基(ATCC,目录号30-2007)中。
为准备CHK1(p-Ser345)测定,收集细胞并将其重悬于补充有10%胎牛血清和1X青霉素-链霉素的McCoy’s 5A培养基中。将细胞以13,000个细胞/孔的密度以40μL的体积接种到384孔黑色组织培养板(VWR公司,目录号89085-314)上。将微孔板与5%CO2和环境O2在37℃下温育过夜(大约20小时)。在100%DMSO(西格玛公司,目录号D2650)中制备测试化合物的储备溶液,并使用100%DMSO以1:3的比例连续稀释。另外将化合物在培养基中以1:33稀释,并以10μL/孔转移到组织培养板。添加化合物后,将微孔板在37℃下温育90分钟。将10μL在培养基中稀释的4-硝基喹啉N-氧化物(西格玛奥德里奇公司(Sigma Aldrich),目录号N8141-1G)(最终浓度为12μM)添加到组织培养板,然后在37℃下温育120min。然后将细胞用PBS洗涤,并使用10μL/孔的 Kit裂解缓冲液(在水中稀释至1x)(珀金埃尔默公司(PerkinElmer),目录号TGRCHK1S50K)裂解,并在定轨振荡器上以500rpm在室温下混合20分钟。将裂解物在-20℃下冷冻过夜。
然后将4μL/孔的裂解物从组织培养板转移到384孔白色小体积PROXIPLATETM(珀金埃尔默公司,目录号600828)。通过在 Kit反应缓冲液(珀金埃尔默公司,目录号TGRCHK1S50K)中稀释 Kit活化缓冲液(珀金埃尔默公司,目录号TGRCHK1S50K)和 Protein A受体珠(珀金埃尔默公司,目录号6760617R)制备受体珠溶液,在暗光下以5μL/孔将受体珠溶液添加到裂解物中,并在室温下温育120分钟。通过在 Kit稀释缓冲液(珀金埃尔默公司,目录号TGRCHK1S50K)中稀释链霉亲和素供体珠(珀金埃尔默公司,目录号6760617R)制备供体珠溶液,在暗光下以2μL/孔添加供体珠溶液,并在室温下再温育120分钟。使用酶标仪(珀金埃尔默公司)测量pCHK1信号。使用Genedata Screener软件并使用四参数逻辑曲线拟合计算IC50值。通过以下公式计算每种化合物浓度的对照百分比:100*(化合物-最小)/(最大-最小),其中“最大”是高对照(即DMSO),而“最小”是低对照(即5μM ATR抑制剂)。
表3.pCHK1 IC50值
配制品实例
可以通过本文披露的和本领域已知的方法制备药物组合物。
本申请中引用的所有参考文献、专利或申请(美国或外国)均通过援引特此并入,如同本文以其全文书写一样。在出现任何不一致的情况下,以本文字面上披露的材料为准。
通过以上的说明,本领域的技术人员可以很容易地确定本发明的实质特征并且在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以对本发明作出不同变化和修改,以使它适应不同用途和条件。
Claims (65)
1.一种具有结构式(I)的化合物:
或其盐,其中:
R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中的每一个任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代;或者R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代的杂环烷基环;
R3选自氢、C1-6烷基和C1-6卤代烷基;
R4选自C5-10芳基和5-10元杂芳基,其中的每一个任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代;
每个R5独立地选自NR8R9、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR8、NR7C(O)R8、NR7C(O)OR8、NR7C(O)NR8R9、C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9;
每个R6独立地选自NR11R12、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR11、NR10C(O)R11、NR10C(O)OR11、NR10C(O)NR11R12、C(O)R11、C(O)OR11和C(O)NR11R12;
每个R7、R8和R9独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基并且任选地被卤基、羟基、C1-3烷基、C1-3卤代烷基和C1-3烷氧基取代;或者R7、R8和R9中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环;以及
每个R10、R11和R12独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基并且任选地被选自卤基、羟基和烷氧基的一个或多个基团取代;或者R10、R11和R12中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R3是C1-6烷基。
3.如权利要求2所述的化合物,其中R3是甲基。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物,该化合物具有结构式(II):
或其盐,其中:
R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中的每一个任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代;或者R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成任选地被一个或多个R5基团取代的杂环烷基环;
R3选自氢、C1-6烷基和C1-6卤代烷基;
R4选自C5-10芳基和5-10元杂芳基并且任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代;
每个R5独立地选自NR8R9、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR8、NR7C(O)R8、NR7C(O)OR8、NR7C(O)NR8R9、C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9;
每个R6独立地选自NR11R12、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR11、NR10C(O)R11、NR10C(O)OR11、NR10C(O)NR11R12、C(O)R11、C(O)OR11和C(O)NR11R12;
每个R7、R8和R9独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基并且任选地被卤基、羟基、C1-3烷基、C1-3卤代烷基和C1-3烷氧基取代;或者R7、R8和R9中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环;以及
每个R10、R11和R12独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C3-6环烷基和杂环烷基并且任选地被选自卤基、羟基和烷氧基的一个或多个基团取代;或者R10、R11和R12中的任两者可以与它们两者都附接的原子一起形成3-7元环烷基环或杂环烷基环。
5.如权利要求4所述的化合物,其中R3是C1-6烷基。
6.如权利要求5所述的化合物,其中R3是甲基。
7.如权利要求4-6中任一项所述的化合物,其中R4是5-10元杂芳基并且任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代。
8.如权利要求7所述的化合物,其中R4选自吲哚、吡咯并吡啶、吡唑并吡啶、咪唑并吡啶、吡咯并吡嗪、吡唑并吡嗪、吡咯并嘧啶、吡唑并嘧啶、咪唑并嘧啶、吡咯并哒嗪、吡唑并哒嗪和咪唑并哒嗪,并且任选地被一个或多个R6基团取代。
9.如权利要求8所述的化合物,其中R4选自1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶、7H-吡咯并[2,3-c]哒嗪、7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶、和5H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡嗪并且任选地被一个、两个、或三个R6基团取代。
10.如权利要求9所述的化合物,其中R4是1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶并且任选地被一个或两个R6基团取代。
11.如权利要求4-10中任一项所述的化合物,其中每个R6独立地选自NR11R12、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、OR11、NR10C(O)R11、NR10C(O)OR11、NR10C(O)NR11R12、C(O)R11、C(O)OR11和C(O)NR11R12。
12.如权利要求11所述的化合物,其中每个R6独立地选自NR11R12、卤素、氰基、羟基和氧代。
14.如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的化合物,其中
R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基并且任选地被一个或两个R5基团取代,或者R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成任选地被一个或两个R5基团取代的杂环烷基环;
每个R5独立地选自NR8R9、卤素、氰基、羟基、氧代、烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR8、NR7C(O)R8、NR7C(O)OR8、NR7C(O)NR8R9、C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9。
15.如权利要求14所述的化合物,其中每个R5独立地选自烷基、卤代烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、羟烷基、OR8、NR7C(O)R8、NR7C(O)OR8、NR7C(O)NR8R9、C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9。
16.如权利要求15所述的化合物,其中每个R5独立地选自C(O)R8、C(O)OR8和C(O)NR8R9。
17.如权利要求16所述的化合物,其中R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基、C3-6杂环烷基、芳基和杂芳基,并且任选地被一个或两个R5基团取代。
18.如权利要求17所述的化合物,其中R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基、C1-4卤代烷基、C3-6环烷基和C3-6杂环烷基,并且任选地被一个或两个R5基团取代。
19.如权利要求17所述的化合物,其中R1和R2独立地选自C1-4烷基和C3-6环烷基。
20.如权利要求17所述的化合物,其中R1和R2与它们两者都附接的硫一起形成杂环烷基环并且任选地被一个或两个R5基团取代。
22.如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物,用作药物。
23.如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物,用于在制造用于预防或治疗通过抑制ATR激酶而改善的疾病或病症的药物中使用。
24.如权利要求23所述的化合物,其中该疾病是癌症。
25.如权利要求24所述的化合物,其中该癌症是化学疗法耐受性癌症。
26.如权利要求24所述的化合物,其中该癌症是放射疗法耐受性癌症。
27.如权利要求24所述的化合物,其中该癌症是ALT阳性癌症。
28.如权利要求24所述的化合物,其中该癌症是肉瘤。
29.如权利要求24所述的化合物,其中该癌症选自骨肉瘤和胶质母细胞瘤。
30.如权利要求24所述的化合物,其中该癌症选自肺癌、头颈癌、胰腺癌、胃癌和脑癌。
31.如权利要求24所述的化合物,其中该癌症选自非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、胆道癌、头颈癌、膀胱癌、结直肠癌、胶质母细胞瘤、食道癌、乳腺癌、肝细胞癌和卵巢癌。
32.如权利要求24所述的化合物,其中该癌症具有碱基切除修复蛋白缺陷。
33.一种药物组合物,该药物组合物包含如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物连同药学上可接受的载体。
34.一种使细胞对DNA损伤剂敏感的方法,该方法包括向患者施用如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物。
35.一种防止细胞修复DNA损伤的方法,该方法包括向患者施用如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物。
36.一种抑制ATR激酶的方法,该方法包括使ATR激酶与如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物接触。
37.一种治疗ATR激酶介导的疾病的方法,该方法包括向有需要的患者施用治疗有效量的如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物。
38.如权利要求37所述的方法,其中该疾病是癌症。
39.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中该癌症是化学疗法耐受性癌症。
40.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中该癌症是放射疗法耐受性癌症。
41.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中该癌症是ALT阳性癌症。
42.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中该癌症是肉瘤。
43.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中该癌症选自骨肉瘤和胶质母细胞瘤。
44.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中该癌症选自肺癌、头颈癌、胰腺癌、胃癌和脑癌。
45.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中该癌症选自非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、胆道癌、头颈癌、膀胱癌、结直肠癌、胶质母细胞瘤、食道癌、乳腺癌、肝细胞癌和卵巢癌。
46.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中该癌症具有碱基切除修复蛋白缺陷。
47.如权利要求38所述的方法,其中该癌症具有ATM信号级联缺陷。
48.如权利要求47所述的方法,其中该缺陷是以下一种或多种的表达或活性改变:TM、p53、CHK2、MRE11、RAD50、NBS 1、53BP1、MDC1、H2AX、MCPH1/BRIT1、CTIP或SMC1。
49.如权利要求38所述的方法,该方法进一步包括向该患者施用第二治疗剂,其中该第二治疗剂抑制或调解碱基切除修复蛋白。
50.一种治疗ATR激酶介导的疾病的方法,该方法包括施用
a.治疗有效量的如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物;以及
b.第二治疗剂。
51.如权利要求50所述的方法,其中该第二治疗剂是CHK1抑制剂。
52.如权利要求51所述的方法,其中该CHK1抑制剂选自MK-8776、LY2603618、V158411、PF-477736、UCN-01和AZD7762。
53.如权利要求50所述的方法,其中该第二治疗剂是DNA损伤剂。
54.如权利要求53所述的方法,其中该DNA损伤剂选自电离辐射、类放射性新制癌菌素、铂化剂、Topo I抑制剂、Topo II抑制剂、抗代谢物、烷化剂、烷基磺酸盐、和抗生素。
55.如权利要求54所述的方法,其中该第二治疗剂是选自顺铂、奥沙利铂、卡铂、奈达铂、洛铂、四硝酸三铂、吡铂、沙铂、ProLindac、和阿罗铂的铂化剂。
56.如权利要求54所述的方法,其中该第二治疗剂是选自喜树碱、拓扑替康、伊立替康/SN38、鲁比替康、和贝洛替康的Topo I抑制剂。
57.如权利要求54所述的方法,其中该第二治疗剂是选自依托泊苷、柔红霉素、阿霉素、阿柔比星(clarubicin)、表柔比星、伊达比星、氨柔比星、吡柔比星、戊柔比星、佐柔比星、和替尼泊苷的Topo II抑制剂。
58.如权利要求54所述的方法,其中该第二治疗剂是选自氨基蝶呤、甲氨蝶呤、培美曲塞、雷替曲塞、喷司他汀、克拉屈滨、氯法拉滨、氟达拉滨、硫鸟嘌呤、巯基嘌呤、氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、替加氟、卡莫氟、氟尿苷、阿糖胞苷、吉西他滨、阿扎胞苷、和羟基脲的抗代谢物。
59.如权利要求54所述的方法,其中该第二治疗剂是选自氮芥、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、曲磷胺、苯丁酸氮芥、美法仑、泼尼莫司汀、苯达莫司汀、乌拉莫司汀、雌莫司汀、卡莫司汀、洛莫司汀、司莫司汀、福莫司汀、尼莫司汀、雷莫司汀、链脲菌素、白消安、甘露舒凡、曲奥舒凡、卡波醌、噻替哌、三亚胺醌、曲他胺、甲苄肼、达卡巴嗪、替莫唑胺、六甲蜜胺、二溴甘露醇、放线菌素、博来霉素、丝裂霉素、和普卡霉素的烷化剂。
60.如权利要求38-59中任一项所述的方法,其中该方法进一步包括施用癌症治疗的非化学方法。
61.如权利要求60所述的方法,其中该方法进一步包括施用放射疗法。
62.如权利要求60所述的方法,其中该方法进一步包括施用手术、热消融、聚焦超声疗法、冷冻疗法、或其任何组合。
63.一种通过向患者施用如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物来增加癌细胞对癌症疗法的敏感性的方法,该癌症疗法选自化学疗法或放射疗法。
64.如权利要求63所述的方法,其中该癌细胞是胰腺癌细胞。
65.一种在患者中实现效果的方法,该方法包括向患者施用治疗有效量的如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的化合物,其中该效果是增加的对化学治疗剂的敏感性。
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US10894052B2 (en) | 2021-01-19 |
CN112218631B (zh) | 2023-12-22 |
EP3765008A1 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
US20190282584A1 (en) | 2019-09-19 |
WO2019178590A1 (en) | 2019-09-19 |
JP2021518344A (ja) | 2021-08-02 |
EP3765008B1 (en) | 2023-06-07 |
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JP7341156B2 (ja) | 2023-09-08 |
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