CN112218246A - BLE ad hoc network suitable for mine linear space and forming method thereof - Google Patents
BLE ad hoc network suitable for mine linear space and forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a BLE ad hoc network suitable for a mine linear space and a forming method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a main link and a standby link of a jump link are respectively established between the gateway and two relays selected by the gateway, and a main link and a standby link of the jump link are respectively established between the relay added into the main link and two free relays selected by the relay; establishing a primary terminal link between the relay added with the jump link and the connection terminal or the convergence terminal, and establishing a secondary terminal link between the convergence terminal with the established primary terminal link and the connection terminal; and establishing a broadcast link between the aggregation terminal and the broadcast terminal, wherein the first-level terminal link is established. The self-networking provided by the application enables BLE equipment serving as a relay to establish a plurality of master/slave connections and slave/master connections step by step to form a multi-hop transmission network, and the multi-hop transmission network is optimized to be in a chain structure for adapting to a mine linear space, so that the BLE equipment serving as a terminal can be added into the transmission network and is in a cluster structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine communication, and relates to a BLE ad hoc network suitable for a mine linear space and a forming method thereof.
Background
Coal mine intellectualization is a core technical support for promoting high-quality development of the coal industry and promoting transformation and upgrading of the coal industry. In a specific mine environment, the Internet of things technology is deeply applied, the sensing and connecting capabilities are comprehensively improved, and people-to-people, people-to-objects, and objects-to-objects are interacted in a data-constructed intelligent environment, so that the method is an important basis for improving the coal mine digitization capability and building a coal mine intelligent system. Communication is an interactive foundation, and cables need to be laid and maintained in wired communication based on media such as optical fibers and cables, so that wireless transmission is a main mode for improving tail end sensing and connection capability of the mine internet of things. The wireless transmission technology used in the underground coal mine has diversity, and comprises a low-speed wireless ad hoc network represented by ZigBee, a high-speed wireless local area network represented by WiFi, and a wireless wide area network represented by 3G/4G. When the underground operation personnel realize the connection and interaction with equipment and other people, the carried explosion-proof smart phone is the best electronic equipment.
The smart phone does not have a ZigBee communication function, and in the WIFI and 3G/4G communication functions of the smart phone: the WiFi communication module has high operation power consumption and needs to be charged periodically when the battery supplies power, the 3G/4G communication does not have a point-to-point mode and cannot be separated from the base station and the server, the conventional Bluetooth technology can only meet point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication, and the standard BLE MESH technology has low transmission rate and large transmission delay.
In the aspect of mine communication, a technical scheme which takes a high-speed industrial Ethernet as a backbone and takes a high-speed wireless local area network, a low-speed wireless sensor network and a field bus as extensions is basically mature. In the high-speed wireless transmission technology, 4G, WiFi capable of bearing languages and high-definition videos is widely applied; the field bus and the wireless sensor network at the end of use present a technical diversity. The method is suitable for the wireless sensor network technology of low-power-consumption sensing and interaction, and the LoRa, ZigBee, Wavemesh and other technologies are widely used and have advantages and disadvantages. When the underground operator receives and sends information by means of a wireless network, the carried explosion-proof smart phone is the best electronic equipment. The smart mobile phone does not have a ZigBee communication function, and the smart mobile phone has a wireless communication function as follows:
1) the WiFi communication module has high running power consumption and is not suitable for integrated use of battery power supply equipment; the WIFI equipment needs a stable power supply, cannot get rid of the constraint of a power supply cable, cannot be used in large quantities, and cannot meet the construction requirement of the ubiquitous sensing of the mine internet of things;
2) the 3G/4G communication module has large power consumption and high cost and cannot be used in large quantities; the 3G/4G communication does not have a point-to-point mode, and the wireless communication cannot be separated from the base station and the server;
3) the conventional bluetooth technology can only meet the single-point-to-single-point and single-point-to-multipoint communication, and the standard BLE MESH technology has low transmission rate and large transmission delay. At present, BLE Mesh released by the bluetooth alliance is a many-to-many transmission network implemented based on BLE broadcast messages. The theoretical node capacity of BLE Mesh is up to tens of thousands, the maximum hop diameter is 126 hops, but the bandwidth and the real-time performance of the network are limited by a broadcast transmission mode and a flood-proof relay mechanism adopted by the BLE Mesh.
The ubiquitous sensing and ubiquitous connection of the mine internet of things need the support of a low-power-consumption wireless transmission technology, the connection of people to people, people to objects and objects is established in a conventional wireless communication mode in a smart phone is the best technical means, the WIFI power consumption is high, the integrated use of equipment is not facilitated, and conventional BLE does not have many-to-many networking transmission capability. BLE Mesh possesses many to many transmission ability, but broadcast transmission mode and broadcast data load ability, relay mechanism have restricted the bandwidth and the real-time of network, wherein:
1) the broadcast data load of BLE is 31 bytes, the effective data load of broadcast data packets transmitted by BLE Mesh based on a BLE broadcast mode is only 11 bytes, and sub-packet transmission is needed when the effective data load exceeds 11 bytes, so that the bandwidth of a network is not high;
2) the BLE MESH has no routing mechanism, broadcast data packets need to be forwarded for multiple times to ensure reliability, and the mechanism of the non-directional transmission causes the data packets to be received and forwarded for multiple times without purpose, thereby increasing the occupation of a wireless channel and further limiting the transmission efficiency;
3) routing nodes and friendship nodes in BLE MESH need to keep the state of receiving and forwarding broadcast data, cannot sleep and are not beneficial to prolonging the service life of a battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that broadcast data load capacity of BLE Mesh in the related technology is poor, bandwidth and real-time performance of a network are limited by a relay mechanism and the like, the BLE ad hoc network suitable for a mine linear space and a forming method thereof are provided. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a BLE ad hoc network forming method suitable for a mine linear space, where the BLE ad hoc network forming method includes:
the method comprises the steps that a gateway initiates, and a main link and a standby link of a jump connection link are respectively established between the gateway and two relays selected by the gateway;
the relay which is added into the main link initiates, and a main link and a standby link of a jump link are respectively established between the relay and two free relays selected by the relay;
the method comprises the steps that a first-level terminal link is established between a relay which is added with a jump link and a terminal device, wherein the terminal device comprises a connecting terminal and a collecting terminal;
the method comprises the steps that a connection terminal initiates, and a secondary terminal link is established between a collection terminal and the connection terminal, wherein the collection terminal is provided with a primary terminal link;
the method is initiated by the sink terminal with the established primary terminal link, and the broadcast link is established between the sink terminal with the established primary terminal link and the broadcast terminal.
Through the step-by-step establishment of a plurality of master/slave connections and slave/master connections among BLE devices and the formation of a multi-hop transmission network, chain-shaped jump-connection links which are suitable for mine linear space are established among gateways and relays, and cluster-shaped terminal links which are suitable for mine local space are established among relays and terminal devices and among terminal devices. The mine BLE equipment such as the sensor, the controller and the actuator can be used as a relay and establish a multi-hop transmission network, the mine BLE equipment such as the sensor, the controller, the actuator and the mobile phone can be used as terminal equipment and added into the network, and the mine BLE equipment realizes many-to-many communication through the network.
Optionally, the establishing, initiated by the gateway, a primary link and a standby link between the gateway and two relays selected by the gateway respectively includes:
the Master interface of the gateway scans and discovers relays, is connected with the relays with the first scanned signal strength and serves as a main link, is connected with the relays with the second signal strength and serves as a standby link, wherein the Master interface of the relays which are not added into the main link and the standby link does not work, and the Slave interface is in a broadcasting state;
and after the gateway and the scanned relay establish a main link and a standby link, the Master interface of the gateway stops scanning.
Optionally, the establishing, by the relay that has joined the main link, the main link and the standby link of the hop link between the relay and the two free relays selected by the relay respectively includes:
for the relay which is added into the main link, the Master interface of the relay scans to find the free relay, and the free relay is connected with the free relay with the first signal intensity and used as the main link, and is connected with the free relay with the second signal intensity and used as the standby link;
and after the main link and the standby link are established between the relay and the scanned free relay, the Master interface of the relay stops scanning.
Optionally, the establishing, initiated by the connection terminal or the aggregation terminal, a first-level terminal link between the connection terminal or the aggregation terminal and the relay that has joined the hop link includes:
scanning a Master interface of the connecting terminal or the collecting terminal to find a relay, judging whether the scanned relay is added into a hop link or not, judging whether the number of the scanned relay accessed to various terminals is full, and if the scanned relay is added into the hop link and is not full, establishing a primary terminal link with the relay;
after a primary terminal link is established between the aggregation terminal and the relay, a Slave interface of the aggregation terminal starts broadcasting;
after a primary terminal link is established between the connection terminal and the relay, the Master interface of the connection terminal stops scanning;
after the connection terminal and the relay establish a primary terminal link and complete data transmission, the established primary terminal link can be actively disconnected and connection resources can be released.
Optionally, the establishing, initiated by the connection terminal, a secondary terminal link between the connection terminal and the aggregation terminal having established the primary terminal link includes:
the connection terminal preferentially selects a primary terminal link to be established with a relay which is added with a jump link, and when the condition for establishing the primary terminal link is not met, a secondary terminal link is established with a convergence terminal which has established the primary terminal link;
scanning a Master interface of the connecting terminal to find a collecting terminal, judging whether the scanned collecting terminal establishes a primary terminal link or not, judging whether the number of the scanned collecting terminal connected to the connecting terminal is full or not, and if the scanned collecting terminal establishes the primary terminal link and is not full, establishing a secondary terminal link with the collecting terminal;
after a secondary terminal link is established between the connection terminal and the collection terminal, the Master interface of the connection terminal stops scanning;
after the connection terminal and the collection terminal establish a secondary terminal link and complete data transmission, the established secondary terminal link can be actively disconnected and connection resources can be released;
and after the number of the sink terminals accessing the connection terminals is full, the Slave interface of the sink terminal stops broadcasting.
Optionally, the establishing, by the sink terminal, a broadcast link between the sink terminal and the broadcast terminal, where the first-level terminal link is established, includes:
and after the aggregation terminal establishes a primary terminal link with the relay, a Master interface of the aggregation terminal starts to scan the broadcast terminal and receives broadcast data of the broadcast terminal.
Optionally, the BLE ad hoc network forming method further includes:
the gateway distributes a communication address for a relay establishing a main link with the gateway, and authorizes the relay to distribute the communication address for a subordinate relay;
for each relay that obtains a communication address, generating a communication address that is incrementally encoded based on the obtained communication address, assigning the new communication address to a subordinate relay;
for each relay which obtains the communication address, generating a communication address primary subcode based on the obtained communication address, and distributing the communication address primary subcode to various terminal devices in a primary terminal link;
for each collecting terminal obtaining the communication address, generating a secondary communication address subcode based on the obtained primary communication address subcode, and distributing the secondary communication address subcode to various terminal equipment in a secondary terminal link;
the communication address, the communication address primary sub-code and the communication address secondary sub-code which are encoded to be increased form a trending routing path of the transmission network.
Optionally, the BLE ad hoc network forming method further includes:
when the main link and the standby link of the relay and the carried jump link are normal, the data transmission is carried out between the relays through the main link, and the standby link only keeps connection and does not transmit data;
when secondary failure causes the disconnection of the main link of the loaded jump link, the upper and lower relays of the failure relay judge whether the standby link is established, and if the standby link is established between the upper and lower stages of the failure relay, the upper relay of the failure relay transmits data through the standby link.
Optionally, the BLE ad hoc network forming method further includes:
the gateway and the relay, and the relay establish a main link/standby link redundant jump link, and the jump link is in a chain structure;
the relay and connection terminal and the convergence terminal establish a first-stage terminal link, the convergence terminal and the connection terminal establish a second-stage terminal link, and a terminal broadcast link is established between the convergence terminal and the broadcast terminal, wherein the two-stage terminal link and the terminal broadcast link form a terminal link which is in a cluster structure.
Optionally, the BLE ad hoc network forming method further includes:
the relay and the terminal device enter an ultra-low power sleep state during the pauses in communication events, including broadcast/scan, connection establishment, connection maintenance, and data transfer.
The intermittent work of the BLE equipment can reduce the energy consumption of the equipment, the BLE equipment serving as a relay and a terminal works according to the intermittent time appointed by each slave/master connection, and the equipment in the network does not need to be synchronized and generally sleeps in an asynchronous mode.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides a BLE ad hoc network suitable for a mine linear space, where the BLE ad hoc network system includes a gateway, a relay, a connection terminal, a collection terminal, and a broadcast terminal, and the gateway, the relay, and various terminal devices form the BLE ad hoc network by using a BLE ad hoc network forming method provided in the first aspect and various optional manners of the first aspect.
According to the method and the device, when many-to-many transmission is realized, the low energy consumption characteristic of BLE is kept, the network transmission bandwidth is improved, the ubiquitous requirements of sensing and interconnection of the tail end of the mine Internet of things can be met, and mine operators can conveniently connect equipment and enter a network by means of a mobile phone. The communication based on the connection can improve the transmission bandwidth, the load of the connection communication data packet is at most 244 bytes, the data load of networking transmission is at most 236 bytes, and the effective bandwidth under the condition of the same intermittent period is higher than BLE MESH.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a network topology of a meshed BLE ad hoc network provided in one embodiment of the present application;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a network topology of a BLE ad hoc network adapted to a mine linear space provided in one embodiment of the present application;
figure 3 is a flowchart of a method of forming a BLE ad hoc network suitable for a mine linear space provided in one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process for establishing a jumped link provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a link failure provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Wherein the reference numbers are as follows:
1. a gateway; 2. relaying; 21. a fault relay; 3. connecting a terminal; 4. collecting a terminal; 5. a broadcast terminal; 6. a main link; 7. preparing a link; 8. a broadcast link; 9. and (4) terminal links.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
The Bluetooth protocol adopts a layered mode, and the protocol defines different roles for the identity or the function of BLE equipment in different layers, wherein a Link Layer (Link Layer) defines a Master (Master) and a Slave (Slave). According to the role defined by LL, the two BLE devices establish M/S (Master/Slave) connection with Master identity and Slave identity respectively.
The BLE ad-hoc network suitable for the mine linear space provided by the present application is illustrated in conjunction with fig. 1 and 2.
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a network topology of a meshed BLE ad hoc network provided in one embodiment of the present application, which may include a gateway 1, a relay 2, and a terminal device, where the terminal device may generally include at least one of a connection terminal 3, a aggregation terminal 4, and a broadcast terminal 5.
The gateway can establish a hop link (comprising a main link 6 and a standby link 7) with the relay, the hop link can also be established between the relay and the relay, a terminal link 9 can be established between the relay and the terminal equipment, the terminal link 9 can also be established between the connection terminal and the aggregation terminal, and the broadcast terminal sends data through broadcasting, and the relay or the aggregation terminal scans and receives the broadcast data of the broadcast terminal through a Master interface. In practical application, the wireless network device does not have the space condition for forming the mesh topology shown in fig. 1 in the linear roadway space under the coal mine. The mesh topology shown in fig. 1 is therefore optimized according to the linear spatial environment of the mine.
Figure 2 is a network topology diagram of a BLE ad hoc network adapted to a mine linear space provided in one embodiment of the present application. The BLE ad hoc network adapted to the mine linear space only reserves 1 main link and 1 standby link for the upper and lower multi-hop links of the route respectively, and reduces the occupation of channel resources, the frequency of network equipment communication events and the equipment power consumption while limiting the number of the standby links, and is visible: the multi-hop link between the relays is in a chain structure, and the terminal link between the relays and the terminal adopts a cluster structure.
The connection establishment process between BLE devices in the BLE ad hoc network can be shown in fig. 3-4, and fig. 3-5 illustrate the BLE ad hoc network forming method applicable to the mine linear space provided by the present application.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for forming a BLE ad hoc network suitable for a mine linear space, provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the method for forming a BLE ad hoc network provided in the present application may include the following steps:
in one implementation manner of step 301, the Master interface of the relay that has not been added to the primary link and the backup link does not work, the Slave interface is in a broadcast state, the Master interface of the gateway scans to find the relay, connects with the relay with the first scanned signal strength (RSSI) and serves as the primary link, and connects with the relay with the second signal strength and serves as the backup link; and after the gateway and the scanned relay establish a main link and a standby link, the Master interface of the gateway stops scanning.
The relay with the first signal strength usually refers to the relay with the strongest signal strength in the relays found by the Master interface scanning of the gateway; the relay with the second signal strength generally refers to the relay with the second signal strength in each relay discovered by the Master interface scanning of the gateway.
The stronger the signal strength in the scanning relay is, the better the network transmission efficiency and transmission quality are after the network connection is established, therefore, the gateway can take the relay with the best signal strength found by the Master interface scanning as the relay for establishing the main link, and the gateway establishes the connection with the relay and takes the connection as the main link; similarly, the gateway will use the relay with the signal strength inferior found by the Master interface scan as the relay for establishing the standby link, and the gateway establishes a connection with the relay and uses the connection as the standby link.
Please refer to fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of a process for establishing a jump link according to an embodiment of the present application, where a relay a, a relay B, a relay C, and a relay D all perform broadcasting, a Master interface of a gateway scans, and when it is determined that the signal strength of the relay a is optimal, the gateway and the relay a establish a main link; and when the signal intensity of the relay B is determined to be equal, the gateway and the relay B establish a standby link, and when the main link and the standby link are established, the gateway stops scanning.
Generally, when the primary link is normal, the gateway will pass the network communication data through the primary link to the relay on the primary link.
And after the gateway and the scanned relay establish a main link and a standby link, the Master interface of the gateway stops scanning.
in one implementation of step 302, for a relay that has joined the primary link, the Master interface of the relay scans for a breakout relay, connects with a breakout relay with a first signal strength and serves as the primary link, and connects with a breakout relay with a second signal strength and serves as a backup link; after the relay and the scanned free relay establish a main link and a standby link, the Master interface of the relay stops scanning.
An open relay as referred to herein generally refers to a relay that has not yet been added to a hop link.
The process of establishing the main link and the standby link between the relay and the next free relay is similar to step 301, and the stronger the signal strength in the free relay scanned by the relay indicates that the network transmission efficiency is better after the network connection is established, so that the relay can use the free relay with the best signal strength found by the Master interface scanning as the relay for establishing the main link, and the relay establishes the connection with the free relay and serves as the main link; similarly, the nomadic relay with inferior signal strength found by the Master interface scanning is used as a relay for establishing a standby link, and the nomadic relay is connected with the nomadic relay and used as the standby link.
Still referring to fig. 4, after the relay a establishes the primary link with the gateway, the Master interface of the relay a starts scanning, and when it is determined that the signal strength of the relay B is optimal, the relay a establishes the primary link with the relay B; and when the signal strength of the relay C is determined to be equal, the relay A and the relay C establish a standby link, and when the main link and the standby link are established, the relay A stops scanning.
Correspondingly, after the relay B establishes the main link with the relay a, the step of establishing the jumper connection link similar to the relay a is executed, which is not described herein again.
Sequentially establishing, and finally establishing a main link between the gateway and the relay A and a standby link between the gateway and the relay B in fig. 4, and stopping scanning by the gateway after the main link and the standby link are established; a main link is established between the relay A and the relay B, a standby link is established between the relay A and the relay C, and the relay A stops scanning after the main link and the standby link are established; and after the main link and the standby link are established, the relay B stops scanning, so that a jump link from the gateway to the relay D is formed.
Generally, when the primary link is normal, the gateway will pass the network communication data through the primary link to the relay on the primary link.
Generally, in order to ensure that data can be transmitted to a network device corresponding to a destination address, after a gateway and a scanned relay establish a primary link and a standby link, the gateway allocates a communication address for the relay establishing the primary link with the gateway, and authorizes the relay to allocate a communication address for a subordinate relay. For each relay that obtains a communication address, a communication address that is encoded incrementally is generated based on the obtained communication address, and a new communication address is assigned to the subordinate relay.
For each relay that obtains a communication address, a communication address primary subcode is generated based on the obtained communication address, and the communication address primary subcode is assigned to various terminal devices in the primary terminal link.
The communication address is a short address replacing the MAC address of the BLE device, is unique in codes in the network, is distributed in a jump connection link in an increasing mode, and forms a trending routing transmission path.
When a message is transmitted on a hop link, a source address and a target address of the message are declared in the message (the message is represented by an increasing communication address in the application); the relay can judge the transmission direction of the received message in the jump link and forward the message through the connection of the upper and lower levels until the message reaches the target address.
In practical application, when the relays and the main links and the standby links of the carried jump links are normal, the relays transmit data through the main links, and the standby links only keep connection and do not transmit data; when secondary failure causes the disconnection of the main link of the carried jump link, the upper and lower relays of the failure relay judge whether the standby link is established, and if the standby link is established between the upper and lower stages of the failure relay, the upper relay of the failure relay transmits data through the standby link. And if the main link and the standby link both fail, the link of the subordinate relay collapses. Referring to fig. 5, the relay 21 in fig. 5 fails, and communication continues via the main link 6 without affecting the links of the downstream relays.
When the relay failure is recovered to become an orphan relay, the orphan relay may rejoin the jumped link or reestablish the collapsed link, and the method refers to the establishment procedure of step 302.
In a stable environment, the standby link of the network can be cancelled, only the main link is established, and the occupation of channel resources and the energy consumption are reduced.
On the basis of link organization based on connection, the time points of communication events such as broadcasting/scanning, connection establishment, connection maintenance, data transmission and the like of each device can be determined, and both a relay and each terminal device can enter an ultra-low power consumption sleep state during an event interval, so that the service life of a battery is prolonged; the Slave interface of each device can ignore the connection event through the Slave delay function, reduce the radio frequency transceiving and further reduce the power consumption.
In an implementation manner of step 303, when the connection terminal or the aggregation terminal establishes the first-level terminal link, the Master interface of the connection terminal or the aggregation terminal scans to find a relay, determines whether the scanned relay has joined the hop link, determines whether the number of the scanned relay access terminals is full, and establishes the first-level terminal link with the relay if the scanned relay has joined the hop link and is not full. After a primary terminal link is established between the convergence terminal and the relay, a Slave interface of the convergence terminal starts broadcasting; after a primary terminal link is established between the connection terminal and the relay, the Master interface of the connection terminal stops scanning; after the connection terminal establishes a primary terminal link with the relay and completes data transmission, the established primary terminal link can be actively disconnected and connection resources can be released.
When a connection terminal establishes a secondary terminal link, the connection terminal preferentially selects a primary terminal link to be established with a relay added with a jump link, and when the condition for establishing the primary terminal link is not met, the connection terminal establishes the secondary terminal link with a convergence terminal of the established primary terminal link; scanning a Master interface of a connecting terminal to find a collecting terminal, judging whether the scanned collecting terminal establishes a primary terminal link or not, judging whether the number of the scanned collecting terminal access connecting terminals is full or not, and if the scanned collecting terminal establishes a primary terminal link and is not full, establishing a secondary terminal link with the collecting terminal; after a secondary terminal link is established between the connection terminal and the collection terminal, the Master interface of the connection terminal stops scanning; after the connection terminal and the collection terminal establish a secondary terminal link and complete data transmission, the established secondary terminal link can be actively disconnected and connection resources can be released; and after the number of the sink terminals accessing the connection terminals is full, the Slave interface of the sink terminal stops broadcasting.
And for each aggregation terminal obtaining the communication address, generating a communication address secondary subcode based on the obtained communication address primary subcode, and distributing the communication address secondary subcode to various terminal equipment in a secondary terminal link. The communication address, the communication address primary sub-code and the communication address secondary sub-code which are encoded progressively form a trending routing path of the transmission network.
When a broadcast link is established between the convergence terminal and the broadcast terminal, after a primary terminal link is established between the convergence terminal and the relay, a Master interface of the convergence terminal starts scanning the broadcast terminal to receive broadcast data of the broadcast terminal.
And under the state that the connection is not established, the broadcasting terminal sends data through broadcasting, and the collecting terminal scans and receives the broadcasting data of the broadcasting terminal through a Master interface.
In the terminal link, the connection terminal and the aggregation terminal are connected masters, and the relay is connected Slave. As is clear from the network architecture shown in fig. 3, the relay is connected to the connection terminal or the aggregation terminal, and the aggregation terminal is connected to the connection terminal or the broadcast terminal, thereby forming a cluster structure.
Generally, a main link/standby link redundant jump link is established between a gateway and a relay, and between the gateway and the relay, and the jump link is in a chain structure; the relay and connection terminal and the convergence terminal establish a first-stage terminal link, the convergence terminal and the connection terminal establish a second-stage terminal link, and a terminal broadcast link is established between the convergence terminal and the broadcast terminal, wherein the two-stage terminal link and the terminal broadcast link form a terminal link which is in a cluster structure.
Establishing the clustered terminal link to implement effective management: when the connection terminal and the collection terminal are connected with the relay, whether the relay is added into a jump link or not needs to be judged; when the connection terminal connects to the aggregation terminal, it is necessary to determine whether the aggregation terminal has already been connected to the relay.
In practical application, one relay is connected with 10 connection terminals at most simultaneously; after the terminal link is established between the terminal equipment and the relay, if the terminal equipment does not need to receive transmission data for a long time, in order to reduce resource waste, so that other terminals can be accessed to the relay to realize data transmission, when the terminal equipment does not transmit data between the terminal equipment and the relay for a preset time, the terminal link between the terminal equipment and the relay is disconnected, and connection resources are released. In this way, the relay can alternately connect more terminal devices by the release of the connection resources.
In summary, according to the method for forming the BLE ad hoc network provided by the application, the terminal link is established between the relay and the terminal device by establishing the hop link between the gateway and the relay and between the relay and the relay, so that the BLE device serving as the relay establishes a plurality of master/slave connections and slave/master connections step by step to form a multi-hop transmission network; the multi-hop transmission network is optimized to present a chain structure for adapting to the mine linear space. Through the parallel connection function of a plurality of arbitrary roles, the BLE device serving as the relay allows the BLE devices serving as the terminals, such as the sensor and the mobile phone, to be connected to access the network and realize many-to-many communication, and the connection between the relay and the terminal is in a cluster structure.
The low-power Bluetooth technology is adopted, so that the cost is low, the power consumption is low, the large-scale integrated use of mine Internet of things sensing equipment is facilitated, and the network access of general equipment such as a mobile phone is facilitated; compared with BLE MESH based on broadcasting, the method adopts networking and communication modes based on connection, so that the effective data load capacity of a data packet is large, the object of data receiving, transmitting and transmitting is clear, and the communication bandwidth is higher; compared with the characteristic that routing nodes and friendship nodes in BLE MESH cannot sleep, all devices in the ad hoc network formed by the method can sleep in an asynchronous mode, the power consumption of the devices can be further reduced, and the power supply time of a battery can be prolonged.
The chain-like multi-hop link structure suitable for the mine linear space is formed, the reliability of a network can be guaranteed, the number of wireless connections can be reduced, and the wireless channel occupation and the power consumption of network equipment are reduced.
The method for allocating the communication addresses of the equipment step by step and allocating the communication addresses gradually increases, a trending transmission path is generated, complex routing algorithms are not required to be established, maintained and operated for data transmission, resource consumption of the equipment is reduced, and complexity of a network is reduced.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A BLE ad-hoc network forming method suitable for a mine linear space is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that a gateway initiates, and a main link and a standby link of a jump connection link are respectively established between the gateway and two relays selected by the gateway;
the relay which is added into the main link initiates, and a main link and a standby link of a jump link are respectively established between the relay and two free relays selected by the relay;
the method comprises the steps that a first-level terminal link is established between a relay which is added into a jump link and the terminal equipment, wherein the terminal equipment comprises a connecting terminal and a collecting terminal;
the method comprises the steps that a connection terminal initiates, and a secondary terminal link is established between a collection terminal with an established primary terminal link and the connection terminal;
the method comprises the steps that the method is initiated by a sink terminal with an established primary terminal link, and a broadcast link is established between the sink terminal and a broadcast terminal.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the establishing, initiated by a gateway, a primary link and a standby link of a hop link between the gateway and two relays selected by the gateway comprises:
the Master interface of the gateway scans and discovers relays, is connected with the relays with the first scanned signal strength and serves as a main link, is connected with the relays with the second signal strength and serves as a standby link, wherein the Master interface of the relays which are not added into the main link and the standby link does not work, and the Slave interface is in a broadcasting state;
and after the gateway and the scanned relay establish a main link and a standby link, the Master interface of the gateway stops scanning.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the establishing, initiated by a relay that has joined a primary link, a primary link and a backup link of a hop link between the relay and two free relays selected by the relay respectively comprises:
for the relay which is added into the main link, the Master interface of the relay scans to find the free relay, and the free relay is connected with the free relay with the first signal intensity and used as the main link, and is connected with the free relay with the second signal intensity and used as the standby link;
and after the main link and the standby link are established between the relay and the scanned free relay, the Master interface of the relay stops scanning.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the establishing a primary terminating link between the connecting or aggregating terminal and a relay that has joined a hop link, initiated by the connecting or aggregating terminal, comprises:
scanning a Master interface of the connecting terminal or the collecting terminal to find a relay, judging whether the scanned relay is added into a hop link or not, judging whether the number of the scanned relay accessed to various terminals is full, and if the scanned relay is added into the hop link and is not full, establishing a primary terminal link with the relay;
after a primary terminal link is established between the aggregation terminal and the relay, a Slave interface of the aggregation terminal starts broadcasting;
after a primary terminal link is established between the connection terminal and the relay, the Master interface of the connection terminal stops scanning;
after the connection terminal and the relay establish a primary terminal link and complete data transmission, the established primary terminal link can be actively disconnected and connection resources can be released.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the establishing, initiated by a connecting terminal, a secondary terminating link between a rendezvous terminal having established a primary terminating link and the connecting terminal comprises:
the connection terminal preferentially selects a primary terminal link to be established with a relay which is added with a jump link, and when the condition for establishing the primary terminal link is not met, a secondary terminal link is established with a convergence terminal which has established the primary terminal link;
scanning a Master interface of the connecting terminal to find a collecting terminal, judging whether the scanned collecting terminal establishes a primary terminal link or not, judging whether the number of the scanned collecting terminal connected to the connecting terminal is full or not, and if the scanned collecting terminal establishes the primary terminal link and is not full, establishing a secondary terminal link with the collecting terminal;
after a secondary terminal link is established between the connection terminal and the collection terminal, the Master interface of the connection terminal stops scanning;
after the connection terminal and the collection terminal establish a secondary terminal link and complete data transmission, the established secondary terminal link can be actively disconnected and connection resources can be released;
and after the number of the sink terminals accessing the connection terminals is full, the Slave interface of the sink terminal stops broadcasting.
6. The BLE ad-hoc network forming method according to claim 1, wherein the initiating by the aggregation terminal having established a level of terminal link, establishing a broadcast link between the aggregation terminal and a broadcast terminal comprises:
and after the aggregation terminal establishes a primary terminal link with the relay, a Master interface of the aggregation terminal starts to scan the broadcast terminal and receives broadcast data of the broadcast terminal.
7. The BLE ad-hoc network formation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
the gateway distributes a communication address for a relay establishing a main link with the gateway, and authorizes the relay to distribute the communication address for a subordinate relay;
for each relay that obtains a communication address, generating a communication address that is incrementally encoded based on the obtained communication address, assigning the new communication address to a subordinate relay;
for each relay which obtains the communication address, generating a communication address primary subcode based on the obtained communication address, and distributing the communication address primary subcode to various terminal devices in a primary terminal link;
for each collecting terminal obtaining the communication address, generating a secondary communication address subcode based on the obtained primary communication address subcode, and distributing the secondary communication address subcode to various terminal equipment in a secondary terminal link;
the communication address, the communication address primary sub-code and the communication address secondary sub-code which are encoded to be increased form a trending routing path of the transmission network.
8. The BLE ad-hoc network formation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
when the main link and the standby link of the relay and the carried jump link are normal, the data transmission is carried out between the relays through the main link, and the standby link only keeps connection and does not transmit data;
when secondary failure causes the disconnection of the main link of the loaded jump link, the upper and lower relays of the failure relay judge whether the standby link is established, and if the standby link is established between the upper and lower stages of the failure relay, the upper relay of the failure relay transmits data through the standby link.
9. The BLE ad-hoc network formation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
the gateway and the relay, and the relay establish a main link/standby link redundant jump link, and the jump link is in a chain structure;
the relay and connection terminal and the convergence terminal establish a first-stage terminal link, the convergence terminal and the connection terminal establish a second-stage terminal link, and a terminal broadcast link is established between the convergence terminal and the broadcast terminal, wherein the two-stage terminal link and the terminal broadcast link form a terminal link which is in a cluster structure.
10. The BLE ad-hoc network formation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
the relay and the terminal device enter an ultra-low power sleep state during the pauses in communication events, including broadcast/scan, connection establishment, connection maintenance, and data transfer.
11. A BLE ad-hoc network suitable for a mine linear space, comprising a gateway, a relay, a connection terminal, a collection terminal and a broadcast terminal, wherein the gateway, the relay and the various terminal devices form the BLE ad-hoc network by the BLE ad-hoc network forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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