CN112210406B - Grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace - Google Patents
Grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN112210406B CN112210406B CN202011092467.5A CN202011092467A CN112210406B CN 112210406 B CN112210406 B CN 112210406B CN 202011092467 A CN202011092467 A CN 202011092467A CN 112210406 B CN112210406 B CN 112210406B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
Abstract
The invention discloses a grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace which comprises a gasification furnace, wherein a bucket elevator is arranged on one side of the gasification furnace, and the gasification furnace comprises a furnace wall, an annular air passage, a charcoal bin and a underpants pipe. This no grate downdraft living beings granule pyrolysis oven, pyrolysis oven middle part and upper portion are cylindrical, the lower part is the obconic, the top is uncovered, granule raw materials and gasifying agent get into from the uncovered department in top, establish the flat material device, need not sealed, the pyrolysis oven adopts middle part circumference air flue, the design that middle air flue and the big inclination charcoal storehouse in bottom combined together, granule raw materials and living beings charcoal rely on self gravity to realize the slow downflow of complete fluid, need not provide external power, do not have the machinery and rotate the grate, effectively reduce the fault point, reduce power consumption, the gasifier inner wall adopts the pouring material, insulating brick and the design of heat preservation cotton, can effectively reduce the heat loss, charcoal storehouse bottom sets up the pants pipe in addition, effectively prevent the canopy material phenomenon from appearing, and do benefit to the overhaul of the equipments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy equipment, in particular to a grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace.
Background
In recent years, due to the increasing environmental protection pressure and the increasing serious energy crisis, governments continuously push a series of laws and regulations for promoting emission reduction, energy conservation and the like and encouraging the popularization of new energy, renewable new energy is urgently needed to be developed to realize sustainable development, biomass energy is the fourth largest energy next to coal, petroleum and natural gas, is one of the oldest energy sources on the earth and is the energy form of solar energy stored in biomass in the form of chemical energy, i.e. energy using biomass as a carrier, which is directly or indirectly derived from photosynthesis of green plants, can be converted into conventional solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, is inexhaustible and is a renewable energy source, and simultaneously, the carbon source is the only renewable carbon source, 1730 hundred million tons of substances are generated by the earth through photosynthesis every year, and the energy contained in the carbon source is 10-20 times of the total energy consumption of the world.
At present, a plurality of biomass energy utilization technologies are developed, wherein the biomass gasification technology is most widely applied, biomass gasification equipment mainly comprises an updraught fixed bed gasification furnace, a downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace and a fluidized bed gasification furnace, and the fluidized bed gasification furnace has a complex structure, high technical requirement and no carbon production and is not beneficial to popularization; aiming at the defects of the updraft fixed bed gasification furnace which is widely applied at present: the sealing requirement on the gasification furnace is high, the corrosion and blockage on a gas pipeline are serious, the yield of acid vinegar liquid is high, the acid vinegar liquid is not easy to digest, air needs to be blown into a pyrolysis oxidation section to be used as a gasifying agent, an air distribution device needs to be arranged, the air distribution device is easy to damage due to the fact that the regional temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, a rotating mechanical grate is arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis oxidation section, power needs to be consumed, and the failure rate of the grate is high; in addition, when the downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace works, a mechanical operation grate is needed, power consumption is high, the failure rate is high, the requirement on the granularity of raw materials is strict, only rice hull raw materials can be used, the downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace cannot adapt to other blocky biomass particles, and the application range is severely limited.
In order to solve the problems that a large amount of vinegar liquid and a grate have many faults and the like if shell particles, wood particles, straw particles, rice hull particles and the like are pyrolyzed and gasified for granular biomass, the technical personnel in the field provide a grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolyzing furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace, which solves the problems that an updraft fixed bed gasification furnace has high sealing requirement on the gasification furnace, serious corrosion and blockage to a gas pipeline, high yield of acid vinegar liquid and difficult digestion treatment, air needs to be blown into a pyrolysis oxidation section as a gasification agent, an air distribution device needs to be arranged, the air distribution device is easy to damage due to the fact that the zone temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, a rotating mechanical grate is arranged at the bottom, power needs to be consumed, and the failure rate of the grate is high.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace comprises a gasification furnace, wherein one side of the gasification furnace is provided with a bucket elevator, the gasification furnace comprises a furnace wall, an annular air passage, a carbon bin and a pants pipe, the bottom of the furnace wall is fixedly connected with the top of the annular air passage, the inside of the annular air passage is communicated with the inside of the furnace wall, the bottom of the annular air passage is fixedly connected with the top of the carbon bin, the inside of the annular air passage is communicated with the inside of the carbon bin, the bottom of the carbon bin is fixedly connected with the top end of the pants pipe, the inside of the carbon bin is communicated with the inside of the pants pipe, two ends of the bottom of the pants pipe are respectively provided with a manual gate valve, two ends of the bottom of the pants pipe are respectively and fixedly connected with a water-cooling auger, the bottom ends of the two water-cooling augers are respectively provided with a related fan, the bottoms of the two off fans are respectively provided with an electric gate valve, two middle air passages are arranged below the inside of the furnace wall, and the bottom ends of the two middle air passages are provided with water beams.
Preferably, a mechanical material flattening device is arranged above the inner part of the furnace wall, and the mechanical material flattening device is positioned below a discharge port of the bucket elevator.
Preferably, the bottom of annular air flue is provided with down the ash mouth, and the ash mouth is located the bottom of annular air flue and has seted up four down, and four ash mouths are angular distribution settings such as about the central axis of annular air flue down, the top of annular air flue is provided with the clearance hole, and wherein the clearance hole is located the top of annular air flue and has seted up eight, and eight clearance holes are angular distribution settings such as about the central axis of annular air flue.
Preferably, the equal fixedly connected with gas outlet pipe in both sides at annular air flue top, and the inside of two gas outlet pipes and the inside intercommunication of annular air flue, wherein be parallel to each other between two gas outlet pipes and two middle air flues, the end of giving vent to anger of gas outlet pipe is provided with the draught fan.
Preferably, the inspection manhole has been seted up to the global top of pants pipe, and the inspection manhole is located the global symmetrical both sides of pants pipe and has been seted up two, two the inside of inspection manhole all is provided with the manhole cover, and the inside of manhole cover has seted up the logical material handle hole.
Preferably, the upper part of the interior of the charcoal bin and the lower part of the water beam are provided with cooling water pipes, two rows of five cooling water pipes are arranged in the interior of the charcoal bin.
Preferably, the interior of the gasification furnace is sequentially provided with a feeding area, a drying area, a pyrolysis reaction area, a combustion reaction area, a reduction area and an air passage area from top to bottom, wherein the reduction area and the air passage area are positioned in the annular air passage, the furnace wall is composed of heavy castable, diatom insulating bricks, aluminum silicate insulating cotton, steel plates and rock wool, and the rock wool, the steel plates, the aluminum silicate insulating cotton, the diatom insulating bricks and the heavy castable are sequentially arranged from outside to inside.
Preferably, the charcoal bin adopts a water-cooling jacket mode, the charcoal bin is in an inverted cone-shaped cone hopper, and the annular air passage and the middle air passage are both in a shutter mode.
Preferably, the inside of annular air flue is provided with the deashing subassembly, and the deashing subassembly is including the deashing board that is located the inside activity of annular air flue, the top fixedly connected with annular linear slide rail of annular air flue inner wall, and the bottom sliding connection of annular linear slide rail has annular linear electric motor, the bottom of annular linear electric motor and the top fixed connection of deashing board, the equal fixedly connected with slider in front and the back of deashing board, the spout with slider looks adaptation is all seted up to the both sides of annular air flue inner wall, and the surface of two sliders respectively with the inner wall sliding connection of two spouts, the inside of ash hole is provided with the solenoid valve down.
Preferably, the specific working method of the grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace comprises the following steps:
feeding materials into a gasification furnace through a bucket elevator, leveling the material surface of the materials by using a mechanical leveling device arranged in a feeding area inside the gasification furnace, and driving a leveling platform to move downwards inside the gasification furnace through a lifting mechanism of the mechanical leveling device;
secondly, the materials on the material leveling platform enter a pyrolysis reaction area after being dried in a drying area, the materials are subjected to pyrolysis reaction by using high temperature in the pyrolysis reaction area, the materials passing through the pyrolysis reaction area are sent into a combustion reaction area, the materials in the combustion reaction area are burnt to become biomass charcoal, then the materials enter a reduction area to be cooled and reduced, and finally the materials are sent into an air passage area to lead out high-temperature fuel gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction of the materials to the outside of the gasification furnace;
step three, turning on a switch of the draught fan, generating suction force to the inside of a gas outlet pipe by using the draught fan, guiding out high-temperature gas generated by pyrolysis reaction of the gasification furnace, enabling the gas to flow in the annular air passage, settling large-particle dust carried in the gas by using the annular air passage, introducing cooling water into the water beam, cooling charcoal generated after material combustion, enabling the charcoal to fall into the charcoal bin, cooling the charcoal in the charcoal bin by using a water-cooling jacket manner adopted by the charcoal bin, cooling the charcoal by using a cooling water pipe arranged above the charcoal bin, arranging two rows of cooling water pipes in the charcoal bin, wherein the number of the cooling water pipes is ten, realizing quick cooling of the charcoal, enabling the charcoal subjected to cooling treatment by using the cooling water pipes to enter a underpants pipe, enabling the charcoal to pass through the inside of the underpants pipe and enter the insides of two water-cooling augers respectively, and further cooling treatment by using the two water-cooling augers, after the hot charcoal is cooled by the water-cooling auger, the hot charcoal is discharged by a fan to finish the automatic discharge treatment of the charcoal;
step four, realizing the cutting-off operation of the discharging device during the non-stop maintenance through the manual gate valves arranged at the two ends of the bottom of the underpants pipe, when adopting a discontinuous discharging mode, cutting off by an electric gate valve at the bottom of a fan to control the carbon discharge, realizing the automatic discontinuous discharging of the discharging device, realizing the maintenance of the pyrolysis furnace during the shutdown through maintenance manholes arranged on the peripheral surface of the underpants pipe, and carrying out manual feeding when the arching blockage occurs inside the underpants pipe by utilizing the feeding operation holes arranged inside the manhole cover;
and step five, regularly cleaning the accumulated dust in the annular air passage by using the dust cleaning assembly, opening an annular linear motor switch, sliding at the bottom of the annular linear slide rail by using the annular linear motor, driving the dust cleaning plate to displace in the annular air passage by using the annular linear motor, pushing the accumulated dust in the annular air passage to a dust outlet by using the dust cleaning plate, opening an electromagnetic valve switch in the dust outlet, discharging the accumulated dust in the annular air passage to the inside of the annular air passage through the dust outlet, and treating the accumulated dust in the annular air passage by using a cleaning hole formed in the top of the annular air passage when the accumulated dust in the annular air passage is blocked.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace wall, an annular air passage, a carbon bin and a pants pipe through a gasification furnace, wherein the bottom of the furnace wall is fixedly connected with the top of the annular air passage, the inside of the annular air passage is communicated with the inside of the furnace wall, the bottom of the annular air passage is fixedly connected with the top of the carbon bin, the inside of the annular air passage is communicated with the inside of the carbon bin, the bottom of the carbon bin is fixedly connected with the top end of the pants pipe, the inside of the carbon bin is communicated with the inside of the pants pipe, two ends of the bottom of the pants pipe are respectively provided with a manual gate valve, two ends of the bottom of the pants pipe are respectively and fixedly connected with a water-cooling auger, the bottom ends of the two water-cooling augers are respectively provided with a related fan, the bottoms of the two fan-closing machines are respectively provided with an electric gate valve, two middle air passages are arranged below the inside the furnace wall, and the bottom ends of the two middle air passages are respectively provided with a water beam, pyrolysis furnace middle part and upper portion are cylindrical, the lower part is the obconic, the top is uncovered, granule raw materials and gasification agent get into from the uncovered department in top, establish the flat material device, need not to seal, tar and vinegar vapour that pyrolysis layer produced when the oxide layer, most are fallen by the reaction, only a small part is along with the gas is discharged, and export gas temperature is about 500 ℃, tar and vinegar basically can not appear, partly with charcoal emergence reaction when the steam that dry bed and schizolysis layer produced reduces the layer, moisture in the export gas reduces relatively, the gas calorific value improves relatively.
(2) The grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace comprises a furnace wall, an annular air passage, a carbon bin and a pants pipe through a gasification furnace, wherein the bottom of the furnace wall is fixedly connected with the top of the annular air passage, the inside of the annular air passage is communicated with the inside of the furnace wall, the bottom of the annular air passage is fixedly connected with the top of the carbon bin, the inside of the annular air passage is communicated with the inside of the carbon bin, the bottom of the carbon bin is fixedly connected with the top end of the pants pipe, the inside of the carbon bin is communicated with the inside of the pants pipe, the inside of the gasification furnace is sequentially provided with a feeding area, a drying area, a pyrolysis reaction area, a combustion reaction area, a reduction area and an air passage area from top to bottom, wherein the reduction area and the air passage area are positioned inside the annular air passage, the furnace wall is composed of heavy weight castable, diatom insulating bricks, aluminum silicate insulating cotton, steel plates and rock wool, and the rock wool are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, Aluminum silicate heat preservation cotton, diatom insulating brick and heavy pouring material, the design that middle part circumference air flue, middle air flue and the big inclination charcoal storehouse in bottom combined together is adopted to the pyrolysis oven, granule raw materials and living beings charcoal rely on self gravity to realize the slow downflow of full fluid, need not provide external power, do not have the mechanical rotation grate, effectively reduce the fault point, reduce power consumption, the gasifier inner wall adopts the pouring material, insulating brick and the design of heat preservation cotton, can effectively reduce the heat loss, charcoal storehouse bottom sets up the pants pipe in addition, effectively prevent the canopy material phenomenon, and do benefit to the overhaul of the equipments.
(3) The grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that an ash cleaning component is arranged in an annular air passage and comprises an ash cleaning plate which is positioned in the annular air passage and can move, an annular linear slide rail is fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the annular air passage, an annular linear motor is slidably connected to the bottom of the annular linear slide rail, the bottom of the annular linear motor is fixedly connected with the top of the ash cleaning plate, sliding blocks are fixedly connected to the front and the back of the ash cleaning plate, sliding grooves matched with the sliding blocks are formed in the two sides of the inner wall of the annular air passage, the surfaces of the two sliding blocks are respectively slidably connected with the inner walls of the two sliding grooves, an electromagnetic valve is arranged in an ash discharge port, accumulated ash in the annular air passage is periodically cleaned by the ash cleaning component, an annular linear motor switch is opened, and the annular linear motor slides at the bottom of the annular linear slide rail, utilize annular linear electric motor to drive the deashing board and carry out the displacement in the inside of annular air flue, the deashing board pushes away the deposition in the annular air flue to the ash hole down, open the inside solenoid valve switch of ash hole down, the inside deposition of annular air flue is through the inside of ash hole by discharge annular air flue down, when the inside deposition of annular air flue forms the jam, the inside deposition of annular air flue is handled to the clearance pore pair that utilizes annular air flue top to set up, pyrolysis oven top material loading and the inside deashing of bottom play charcoal and annular air flue are full automatic mode, do not need manual operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a grate-free downdraft biomass pellet pyrolysis furnace configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the furnace wall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the furnace wall and annular flue structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of the ash removal mechanism of the present invention.
In the figure, 100, a gasification furnace; 101. a feed zone; 102. a drying zone; 103. a pyrolysis reaction zone; 104. a combustion reaction zone; 105. a reduction zone; 106. an airway region; 1. a bucket elevator; 2. a mechanical material flattening device; 3. a furnace wall; 31. rock wool; 32. a steel plate; 33. aluminum silicate heat preservation cotton; 34. diatom insulating bricks; 35. heavy castable; 4. an intermediate airway; 5. a water beam; 6. an annular air passage; 7. cleaning the holes; 8. a gas outlet pipe; 9. a dust discharging port; 10. a charcoal bin; 11. a cooling water pipe; 12. an inspection manhole; 13. a material passing operation hole; 14. underpants tubes; 15. a manual gate valve; 16. water-cooling the auger; 17. shutting off the fan; 18. an electric gate valve; 201. cleaning the ash plate; 202. an annular linear slide rail; 203. an annular linear motor; 204. a slider; 205. a chute; 206. an electromagnetic valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: a grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace comprises a gasification furnace 100, one side of the gasification furnace 100 is provided with a bucket elevator 1, the gasification furnace 100 comprises a furnace wall 3, an annular air passage 6, a charcoal bin 10 and a pants pipe 14, the bottom of the furnace wall 3 is fixedly connected with the top of the annular air passage 6, the inside of the annular air passage 6 is communicated with the inside of the furnace wall 3, the bottom of the annular air passage 6 is fixedly connected with the top of the charcoal bin 10, the inside of the annular air passage 6 is communicated with the inside of the charcoal bin 10, the bottom of the charcoal bin 10 is fixedly connected with the top of the pants pipe 14, the inside of the charcoal bin 10 is communicated with the inside of the pants pipe 14, two ends of the bottom of the pants pipe 14 are respectively provided with a manual gate valve 15, two ends of the bottom of the pants pipe 14 are respectively and fixedly connected with a water-cooling auger 16, the bottom of the two water-cooling augers 16 are respectively provided with a related fan 17, and the bottoms of the two off fans 17 are respectively provided with an electric gate valve 18, the inside below of brickwork 3 is provided with two middle air flues 4, and the bottom of two middle air flues 4 all is provided with water beam 5, and 5 sizes of every water beam are: the length is multiplied by the height and the width is multiplied by 6000 and 400 and 150mm, and cooling water is introduced into the water beam 5 to cool the charcoal and maintain the strength of the water beam 5.
A mechanical material flattening device 2 is arranged above the inner part of the furnace wall 3, and the mechanical material flattening device 2 is positioned below the discharge port of the bucket elevator 1.
The bottom of annular air flue 6 is provided with down ash mouth 9, ash mouth 9 is located the bottom of annular air flue 6 down and has been seted up four, and four ash mouths 9 are the angular distribution setting such as being equal about the central axis of annular air flue 6 down, the top of annular air flue 6 is provided with clearance hole 7, wherein clearance hole 7 is located the top of annular air flue 6 and has been seted up eight, and eight clearance holes 7 are the angular distribution setting such as being equal about the central axis of annular air flue 6, 6 oven steel sheet thickness of annular air flue are the same with the furnace wall, the thick Q235 steel sheet of 12mm, the heat preservation is according to gas temperature 700 ℃, oven steel sheet temperature is less than 200 ℃, outer rock wool outer wall temperature is 50 ℃ -60 ℃.
The equal fixedly connected with gas outlet pipe 8 in both sides at 6 tops of annular air flue, and the inside of two gas outlet pipes 8 and the inside intercommunication of annular air flue 6, wherein be parallel to each other between two gas outlet pipes 8 and two middle air flues 4, the end of giving vent to anger of gas outlet pipe 8 is provided with the draught fan.
And two rows of five cooling water pipes 11 are arranged above the charcoal bin 10 and below the water beam 5, and the cooling water pipes 11 are arranged in the charcoal bin 10.
The inside of the gasification furnace 100 is provided with a feeding area 101, a drying area 102, a pyrolysis reaction area 103, a combustion reaction area 104, a reduction area 105 and an air flue area 106 from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the reduction area 105 and the air flue area 106 are positioned inside the annular air flue 6, the furnace wall 3 is composed of heavy castable 35, diatom insulating bricks 34, aluminum silicate insulating cotton 33, steel plates 32 and rock wool 31, wherein the rock wool 31, the steel plates 32, the aluminum silicate insulating cotton 33, the diatom insulating bricks 34 and the heavy castable 35 are arranged from outside to inside in sequence, the furnace wall 3 can adopt a water-cooling jacket mode, and in addition, the carbon bin 10 can adopt a large-caliber single-outlet design.
The charcoal bin 10 adopts a water-cooling jacket mode, the distance between the jackets is about 50mm, the temperature of the inner wall of the charcoal bin 10 is controlled to be more than 90 ℃, and the good fluidity of condensed tar on the wall is ensured, so that the tar and charcoal powder mixture is not adhered to the inner wall of the charcoal bin 10, the charcoal bin 10 is in the shape of an inverted cone funnel, the inner diameter of the upper part of the charcoal bin is 3.6 meters, the gradient included angle of the upper part is 75 degrees, the charcoal outlets at the lower part are in the form of a underpants pipe 14, two charcoal outlets, the hydraulic diameter of each charcoal outlet is 0.5 meter, the height of the silo is about 8 meters, the volume of the charcoal outlet is 60 cubic meters, and the structures of the annular air passage 6 and the middle air passage 4 both adopt a shutter mode.
The inside of annular air flue 6 is provided with the deashing subassembly, and the deashing subassembly is including the deashing board 201 that is located the inside activity of annular air flue 6, the top fixedly connected with annular linear slide rail 202 of annular air flue 6 inner wall, and the bottom sliding connection of annular linear slide rail 202 has annular linear electric motor 203, the bottom of annular linear electric motor 203 and the top fixed connection of deashing board 201, the front and the equal fixedly connected with slider 204 in the back of deashing board 201, the spout 205 with slider 204 looks adaptation is all seted up to the both sides of annular air flue 6 inner wall, and the surface of two sliders 204 respectively with the inner wall sliding connection of two spouts 205, the inside of lower grey mouth 9 is provided with solenoid valve 206.
The specific working method of the grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace comprises the following steps:
firstly, feeding materials into a gasification furnace 100 through a bucket elevator 1, leveling the material surface of the materials by using a mechanical leveling device 2 arranged in a feeding area 101 in the gasification furnace 100, and driving a leveling platform to move downwards in the gasification furnace 100 through a lifting mechanism of the mechanical leveling device 2;
secondly, the materials on the leveling platform enter a pyrolysis reaction region 103 after being dried in a drying region 102, the materials are subjected to pyrolysis reaction by utilizing high temperature in the pyrolysis reaction region 103, the materials passing through the pyrolysis reaction region 103 are sent into a combustion reaction region 104, the materials in the combustion reaction region 104 are burnt to become biomass charcoal, then the materials enter a reduction region 105 for cooling reduction treatment, and finally the materials are sent into an air passage region 106 to lead out high-temperature fuel gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction of the materials to the outside of the gasification furnace 100;
step three, turning on a switch of the induced draft fan, generating suction force to the inside of a gas outlet pipe 8 by the induced draft fan, guiding out high-temperature gas generated by pyrolysis reaction of the gasification furnace 100, enabling the gas to flow in an annular air passage 6, settling large-particle dust carried in the gas by the annular air passage 6, introducing cooling water into a water beam 5, cooling charcoal generated after material combustion, enabling the charcoal to fall into a charcoal bin 10, cooling the charcoal in the charcoal bin 10 by a water-cooling jacket mode adopted by the charcoal bin 10, cooling the charcoal by a cooling water pipe 11 arranged above the inside of the charcoal bin 10, enabling the cooling water pipes 11 to be located in two rows in the charcoal bin 10, enabling ten charcoal to be cooled rapidly, enabling the charcoal cooled by the cooling water pipe 11 to enter a underpants pipe 14, enabling the charcoal to pass through the insides of the underpants pipe 14 and enter two water-cooling augers 16 respectively, the charcoal is further cooled by the two water-cooled packing augers 16, and the hot charcoal is cooled by the water-cooled packing augers 16 and then discharged by the air shutoff machine 17, so that the automatic discharge treatment of the charcoal is completed;
step four, realizing the cutting-off operation of the discharging device during the non-stop maintenance through the manual gate valves 15 arranged at the two ends of the bottom of the underpants pipe 14, when adopting the intermittent discharging mode, cutting off by the electric gate valve 18 at the bottom of the air-closing machine 17 to control the carbon discharge, realizing the automatic intermittent discharging of the discharging device, realizing the maintenance of the pyrolysis furnace during the shutdown through the maintenance manhole 12 arranged on the peripheral surface of the underpants pipe 14, and carrying out manual material feeding when the arch blocking occurs inside the underpants pipe 14 through the material feeding operation hole 13 arranged inside the manhole cover;
and step five, regularly cleaning the accumulated dust in the annular air passage 6 by using the dust cleaning assembly, opening a switch of the annular linear motor 203, sliding at the bottom of the annular linear sliding rail 202 through the annular linear motor 203, driving the dust cleaning plate 201 to displace in the annular air passage 6 by using the annular linear motor 203, pushing the accumulated dust in the annular air passage 6 to the lower dust opening 9 by using the dust cleaning plate 201, opening a switch of an electromagnetic valve 206 in the lower dust opening 9, discharging the accumulated dust in the annular air passage 6 out of the annular air passage 6 through the lower dust opening 9, and treating the accumulated dust in the annular air passage 6 by using a cleaning hole 7 formed in the top of the annular air passage 6 when the accumulated dust in the annular air passage 6 is blocked.
And those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of those in the art.
The working principle is that when the gasification furnace is used, materials are fed into the gasification furnace 100 through the bucket elevator 1, the material level is scraped by the mechanical flat feeder 2 arranged in the feeding area 101 inside the gasification furnace 100, then the lifting mechanism of the mechanical flat feeder 2 drives the flat feeder to move downwards inside the gasification furnace 100, the materials on the flat feeder enter the pyrolysis reaction area 103 after being dried in the drying area 102, the materials are subjected to pyrolysis reaction by the high temperature inside the pyrolysis reaction area 103, the materials passing through the pyrolysis reaction area 103 are sent into the combustion reaction area 104, the materials in the combustion reaction area 104 are combusted to become biomass charcoal, then the materials enter the reduction area 105 to be cooled and reduced, finally the materials are sent into the air passage area 106 to lead out the high-temperature fuel gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction of the materials to the outside of the gasification furnace 100, and the switch of the gasification furnace is turned on, utilize the draught fan to produce suction to the inside of gas outlet pipe 8, derive the high temperature gas that gasifier 100 pyrolytic reaction produced, the gas flows in the inside of annular air flue 6, utilize annular air flue 6 to subside the large granule dust that smugglies in the gas, let in cooling water to the inside of water beam 5, cool off the charcoal that produces after the material burning, the charcoal falls into the inside of charcoal storehouse 10, in charcoal storehouse 10, at first cool off the charcoal through the water-cooling jacket mode that charcoal storehouse 10 adopted, then cool off the charcoal through the cooling tube 11 that sets up in the inside top of charcoal storehouse 10, cooling tube 11 is located the inside charcoal storehouse 10 and is provided with two, ten total, realize the quick cooling of charcoal, the charcoal after the cooling treatment of cooling tube 11 gets into in the breeches pipe 14, the charcoal passes the inside of breeches pipe 14 and gets into inside two water-cooling augers 16 respectively, the charcoal is further cooled by two water-cooling augers 16, hot charcoal is discharged by a shutdown fan 17 after being cooled by the water-cooling augers 16, automatic discharge treatment of the charcoal is completed, the manual gate valves 15 arranged at two ends of the bottom of the underpants pipe 14 are used for realizing the cutting-off operation of the discharging device during maintenance without stopping the machine, when a discontinuous discharging mode is adopted, an electric gate valve 18 at the bottom of the shutdown fan 17 is used for cutting off to control charcoal discharging to realize automatic discontinuous discharging of the discharging device, maintenance during production stop of the pyrolysis furnace is realized through a maintenance manhole 12 arranged on the peripheral surface of the underpants pipe 14, manual material feeding is carried out when arch blocking occurs inside the underpants pipe 14 through a material feeding operation hole 13 arranged inside the manhole cover, ash accumulated in the annular air flue 6 is regularly cleaned through an ash cleaning component, a switch of an annular linear motor 203 is opened, and the annular linear motor 203 slides at the bottom of the annular linear slide rail 202, utilize annular linear electric motor 203 to drive deashing board 201 to carry out the displacement in annular air flue 6's inside, deashing board 201 pushes away the deposition in annular air flue 6 to grey mouth 9 down, open the inside solenoid valve 206 switch of grey mouth 9 down, the inside deposition of annular air flue 6 is through the inside of grey mouth 9 by discharge annular air flue 6 down, when the inside deposition of annular air flue 6 formed the jam, the cleaning hole 7 of utilizing annular air flue 6 top to set up was handled the deposition of annular air flue 6 inside.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that: comprises a gasification furnace (100), one side of the gasification furnace (100) is provided with a bucket elevator (1), the gasification furnace (100) comprises a furnace wall (3), an annular air passage (6), a charcoal bin (10) and a pants pipe (14), the bottom of the furnace wall (3) is fixedly connected with the top of the annular air passage (6), the inside of the annular air passage (6) is communicated with the inside of the furnace wall (3), the bottom of the annular air passage (6) is fixedly connected with the top of the charcoal bin (10), the inside of the annular air passage (6) is communicated with the inside of the charcoal bin (10), the bottom of the charcoal bin (10) is fixedly connected with the top of the pants pipe (14), the inside of the charcoal bin (10) is communicated with the inside of the pants pipe (14), both ends of the bottom of the pants pipe (14) are both provided with manual gate valves (15), and both ends of the bottom of the pants pipe (14) are both fixedly connected with a water-cooling auger (16), the bottom ends of the two water-cooling packing augers (16) are respectively provided with a related fan (17), the bottom parts of the two fans (17) are respectively provided with an electric gate valve (18), the lower part of the inner part of the furnace wall (3) is provided with two middle air passages (4), and the bottom ends of the two middle air passages (4) are respectively provided with a water beam (5);
the bottom of the annular air passage (6) is provided with four lower ash openings (9), the four lower ash openings (9) are positioned at the bottom of the annular air passage (6) and are distributed at equal angles relative to the central axis of the annular air passage (6), the top of the annular air passage (6) is provided with cleaning holes (7), the cleaning holes (7) are positioned at the top of the annular air passage (6) and are eight, and the eight cleaning holes (7) are distributed at equal angles relative to the central axis of the annular air passage (6);
the inside of annular air flue (6) is provided with the deashing subassembly, and the deashing subassembly is including lieing in deashing board (201) of annular air flue (6) inside activity, the top fixedly connected with annular linear slide rail (202) of annular air flue (6) inner wall, and the bottom sliding connection of annular linear slide rail (202) has annular linear electric motor (203), the bottom of annular linear electric motor (203) and the top fixed connection of deashing board (201), the equal fixedly connected with slider (204) in front and the back of deashing board (201), spout (205) with slider (204) looks adaptation are all seted up to the both sides of annular air flue (6) inner wall, and the surface of two sliders (204) respectively with the inner wall sliding connection of two spout (205), the inside of ash mouthful (9) is provided with solenoid valve (206) down.
2. The grate-free downdraft biomass pellet pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: a mechanical material flattening device (2) is arranged above the interior of the furnace wall (3), and the mechanical material flattening device (2) is positioned below the discharge port of the bucket elevator (1).
3. The grate-free downdraft biomass pellet pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: the equal fixedly connected with gas outlet pipe (8) in both sides at annular air flue (6) top, and the inside of two gas outlet pipes (8) and the inside intercommunication of annular air flue (6), wherein are parallel to each other between two gas outlet pipes (8) and two middle air flues (4), the end of giving vent to anger of gas outlet pipe (8) is provided with the draught fan.
4. The grate-free downdraft biomass pellet pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: inspection manhole (12) have been seted up to the global top of pants pipe (14), and inspection manhole (12) are located the global symmetrical both sides of pants pipe (14) and have been seted up two, two the inside of inspection manhole (12) all is provided with the manhole cover, and the inside of manhole cover has seted up logical material handle hole (13).
5. The grate-free downdraft biomass pellet pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: and two rows of five cooling water pipes (11) are arranged above the charcoal bin (10) and below the water beam (5), and the cooling water pipes (11) are arranged inside the charcoal bin (10).
6. The grate-free downdraft biomass pellet pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: the inside of gasifier (100) is from last to being feed zone (101), dry zone (102), pyrolytic reaction district (103), combustion reaction district (104), reduction zone (105) and gas channel district (106) down in proper order, and wherein reduction zone (105) and gas channel district (106) are located the inside of annular gas channel (6), brickwork (3) comprise heavy castable (35), diatom insulating brick (34), aluminium silicate insulating cotton (33), steel sheet (32) and rock wool (31), wherein are rock wool (31), steel sheet (32), aluminium silicate insulating cotton (33), diatom insulating brick (34) and heavy castable (35) in proper order from outside to inside.
7. The grate-free downdraft biomass pellet pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein: the charcoal bin (10) adopts a water-cooling jacket mode, the charcoal bin (10) is in an inverted cone-shaped cone hopper, and the structures of the annular air passage (6) and the middle air passage (4) both adopt a shutter mode.
8. The grate-free downdraft biomass pellet pyrolysis furnace of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the specific working method of the grate-free downdraft biomass particle pyrolysis furnace comprises the following steps:
feeding materials into a gasification furnace (100) through a bucket elevator (1), leveling the material surface of the materials by using a mechanical leveling device (2) arranged in a feeding area (101) in the gasification furnace (100), and driving a leveling platform to move downwards in the gasification furnace (100) through a lifting mechanism of the mechanical leveling device (2);
secondly, the materials on the leveling platform enter a pyrolysis reaction area (103) after being dried in a drying area (102), the materials are subjected to pyrolysis reaction by utilizing high temperature in the pyrolysis reaction area (103), the materials passing through the pyrolysis reaction area (103) are sent into a combustion reaction area (104), the materials in the combustion reaction area (104) are combusted to become biomass charcoal, then the materials enter a reduction area (105) to be cooled and reduced, and finally the materials are sent into an air passage area (106) to lead out high-temperature fuel gas generated by the pyrolysis reaction of the materials to the outside of the gasification furnace (100);
step three, a switch of the induced draft fan is turned on, the induced draft fan generates suction force to the inside of a gas outlet pipe (8), high-temperature gas generated by pyrolysis reaction of the gasification furnace (100) is led out, the gas flows in the annular air passage (6), large-particle dust carried in the gas is settled by the annular air passage (6), cooling water is introduced into the water beam (5) to cool charcoal generated after material combustion, the charcoal falls into the charcoal bin (10), in the charcoal bin (10), the charcoal is cooled by a water-cooling jacket mode adopted by the charcoal bin (10), then the charcoal is cooled by a cooling water pipe (11) arranged above the inside of the charcoal bin (10), two rows of cooling water pipes (11) are arranged in the charcoal bin (10), ten charcoal is cooled totally, quick cooling of the charcoal is realized, and the charcoal cooled by the cooling water pipes (11) enters a trouser-cut pipe (14), charcoal penetrates through the insides of the underpants pipes (14) and respectively enters the insides of the two water-cooling augers (16), the charcoal is further cooled by the two water-cooling augers (16), and hot charcoal is cooled by the water-cooling augers (16) and then discharged by a wind closing machine (17), so that automatic discharge treatment of the charcoal is completed;
step four, realizing the cutting-off operation of the discharging device during the maintenance without stopping through the manual gate valves (15) arranged at the two ends of the bottom of the underpants pipe (14), when adopting the intermittent discharging mode, cutting off by the electric gate valve (18) at the bottom of the air-out machine (17), controlling the carbon discharge, realizing the automatic intermittent discharging of the discharging device, realizing the maintenance of the pyrolysis furnace during the production stopping through the maintenance manhole (12) arranged on the peripheral surface of the underpants pipe (14), and manually feeding when the materials are blocked due to the arching inside the underpants pipe (14) through the feeding operation hole (13) arranged inside the manhole cover;
and fifthly, cleaning the accumulated dust in the annular air flue (6) regularly by using the dust cleaning assembly, opening a switch of an annular linear motor (203), sliding at the bottom of an annular linear sliding rail (202) through the annular linear motor (203), driving a dust cleaning plate (201) to displace in the annular air flue (6) by using the annular linear motor (203), pushing the accumulated dust in the annular air flue (6) to a lower dust opening (9) by using the dust cleaning plate (201), opening a switch of an electromagnetic valve (206) in the lower dust opening (9), discharging the accumulated dust in the annular air flue (6) out of the annular air flue (6) through the lower dust opening (9), and treating the accumulated dust in the annular air flue (6) by using a cleaning hole (7) formed in the top of the annular air flue (6) when the accumulated dust in the annular air flue (6) is blocked.
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