CN112209701B - Preparation method of all-solid-waste high-water-permeability sintered water permeable brick - Google Patents
Preparation method of all-solid-waste high-water-permeability sintered water permeable brick Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
- C04B33/1322—Red mud
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1328—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues without additional clay
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0038—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by superficial sintering or bonding of particulate matter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00284—Materials permeable to liquids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
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- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a full-solid waste high-permeability sintered water permeable brick, which selects a waste ceramic tile with high temperature resistance and low water absorption as an aggregate, adopts solid waste mainly containing aluminosilicate minerals with wide sources as a binder, simultaneously, changes a cosolvent into a low-temperature flux, and prepares the sintered water permeable brick under the condition that the calcining temperature is 50-200 ℃ lower than the common calcining temperature; the sintered water permeable brick is different from the common sintered water permeable brick, has low sintering temperature and is a full-solid waste building material; the aggregate used in the invention has high strength, low water absorption and good high-temperature stability, so that the permeable brick is easy to form and has high strength; the permeable brick of the invention adopts less grain grade aggregate, has high permeability which is far larger than 2.0 multiplied by 10 required by standard A grade‑2mm/s, and is more suitable for areas with large rainfall.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to a preparation method of a full-solid-waste high-permeability sintered water permeable brick.
Background
With the development of society, especially the progress of science and technology, the development of social productivity is greatly promoted, especially the concept and the technology of changing waste into valuable and recycling waste gas materials represented by the development of building materials are deepened, and new vitality is injected for the sustainable development of society.
In order to prevent water accumulation on the road surface in rainy days, water permeable bricks are paved on streets, parks, parking lots and the like. The permeable brick is mainly used for rapidly permeating rainwater into the ground by forming a drainage channel in the sample preparation process. The preparation process can be divided into non-sintered water permeable bricks and sintered water permeable bricks. The non-sintered permeable brick mainly refers to the design principle of permeable concrete, and aggregates in a certain size fraction range are cemented together by a cementing material (cement, epoxy resin, asphalt and the like) to prepare the permeable material. The water permeable brick has poor freezing resistance, poor cement corrosion resistance, and poor water stability and aging resistance of epoxy resin and asphalt. The sintered water permeable bricks form a high temperature ceramic phase by sintering to form strength, also known as ceramic water permeable bricks. The pore-forming method of the sintered water permeable brick mainly comprises two methods, one method adopts mechanical punching in the blank making process, and the other method is a skeleton type and is similar to the structure of the non-sintered water permeable brick. The mechanical punching type water permeable brick is similar to a perforated brick structure, and is easy to block in use, so that the water permeable effect is reduced. The framework type permeable brick has relatively good effect. Compared with non-sintered permeable bricks, the sintered permeable bricks have high strength and good durability, but the energy consumption is larger because 1050-plus-1200 ℃ high-temperature calcination is needed in the prior art.
The skeleton type sintered permeable brick mainly comprises aggregate and a binder. The aggregate is sand aggregate, waste ceramic fragments, ceramsite, stones and red bricks in construction waste, refractory materials and the like. Aggregates of the ceramsite and the refractory material have low strength, so that the strength of the water permeable brick is low; the sandstone aggregate, whether granite or limestone, has poor high-temperature resistance, and is damaged due to decomposition or crystal transformation in the calcining process; the red bricks and the furnace slag are not suitable to be crushed into aggregates with large particle size, and the water absorption rate is high, so that green bodies are difficult to form, and the high temperature resistance of the red bricks and the furnace slag is greatly influenced by the composition; the waste ceramic wafer has higher strengthThe ceramic plate has better high temperature resistance, and the water absorption rate of the ceramic plate is related to the type of the ceramic plate. The aggregate is usually composed of particles with a certain particle size range, and can be divided into small particles and slightly larger particles according to the particle size range, wherein the small particles refer to particles smaller than 0.6 mm (more than 30 meshes); the granules with slightly large granules are currently 8-0.048mm (3-200 meshes), 4.75-0.55 mm (4-30 meshes), 4-0.25 mm (5-60 meshes), 3-1 mm, 2.36-0.55 mm (8-30 meshes), 2-6 mm, 2-0.7 mm, 1-0.25mm (16-60 meshes) and the like. Among the above-mentioned size fractions, the aggregate of the small size fraction has higher water permeability than the water permeable brick made of the aggregate of the large size fraction. The adhesive is mainly aluminosilicate material, commonly used common clay, ceramic waste, bentonite, etc. Ordinary clay usually needs to be added with other components to meet the requirements of ceramic phase chemical compositions, and the exploitation is limited at present; the ceramic waste mainly refers to waste formed in the process of preparing a ceramic body, has good application effect, but is caused by Al2O3High content, high firing temperature and limited source; the bentonite has good effect, but is mainly used for preparing materials with special functions, such as adsorbing materials, so that the cost of the raw materials is high. Thus, a broader source of binder is urgently needed.
The sintering temperature of the sintered water permeable brick is reduced, and the key measure for reducing the production cost of the sintered water permeable brick is provided. The addition of cosolvent is usually adopted to reduce the sintering temperature, but the action effect is related to the cosolvent and the binder type. Meanwhile, on the premise of ensuring the strength of the water permeable brick, the improvement of the water permeability is a key technical problem to be solved. Depending on the aggregate packing porosity and binder loading. Aggregate packing porosity is related to its maximum particle size and gradation. The larger the particle size, the higher the porosity; the more continuous the grading, the lower the void fraction. In addition, low aggregate water absorption is very important for green body forming, and the high temperature stability of the aggregate is very important for ensuring the strength of the permeable brick.
In addition, in order to ensure the surface of the permeable brick to be flat, a layer of grout is usually coated on the surface. The grout generally uses the same raw materials as the binder. The thickness of the grout is related to the particle size of the aggregate adopted by the permeable structure layer, the particle size is large, the grout can be thick, but the water absorption is affected when the grout is too thick. It should be noted that the grout layer is liable to crack due to shrinkage of the binder during drying of the green body, thereby deteriorating the quality of appearance.
From the above analysis, it is found that in order to obtain a binder from a wide range of sources, Al should be used as much as possible2O3And SiO2Higher levels of aluminosilicate material, but low levels should be compensated for to meet the chemical composition required for ceramic crystalline phase formation; the aggregate with low water absorption and good high temperature resistance is beneficial to ensuring the formability of the green body and the volume stability of the brick, and the aggregate with less particle size fraction is beneficial to improving the water permeability of the brick; the co-solvent is matched to the binder to achieve a low firing temperature. In addition, the drying speed of the blank is not too fast so as to reduce cracking and ensure the appearance quality.
In conclusion, the method can solve the problem of few raw material sources, namely, the utilization rate of waste gas materials is improved; the aggregate has poor high-temperature performance and high water absorption; the novel high-permeability sintered water permeable brick with the problems of high calcining temperature and low water permeability of the sintered brick is a problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the prior art has few raw material sources; the aggregate has poor high-temperature performance and high water absorption; the invention provides a preparation method of a full-solid-waste high-permeability sintered water permeable brick.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a method for preparing a full-solid waste high-permeability sintered water permeable brick comprises the steps of firstly forming a water permeable structure layer by adopting the existing forming equipment, and then pressing a thin slurry layer of 0.3-0.7 cm on the upper surface; the grout layer consists of a binder and a low-temperature solvent, wherein the low-temperature solvent accounts for 5-10% of the binder; the permeable structure layer is composed of aggregate, a binder and a low-temperature solvent, wherein the proportion of the aggregate to the binder is 2.5-4, and the low-temperature solvent accounts for 5-10% of the binder.
The aggregate of the permeable structure layer adopts waste ceramic tiles generated in a ceramic tile processing plant and decoration, and the waste ceramic tiles are not decomposed and structurally transformed at high temperature; selecting waste ceramic tiles with water absorption rate below 1%; the waste ceramic tiles are crushed to prepare aggregate with the grain diameter of 2.36-9.5 mm.
The binder for the thin pulp layer and the permeable structure adopts dried red mud, bauxite tailings, domestic sludge or river sludge, the CaO content of the binder is lower than 10 percent so as to prevent the lime from cracking by explosion, and the binder is ground to the granularity of less than 80 mu m; when the domestic sludge or river sludge is adopted, a component regulator is added to ensure that the chemical components of the domestic sludge or river sludge reach the proportion range usually required by a ceramic crystal phase; the regulator adopts waste high-alumina refractory material and silica fume.
The low-temperature solvent for the slurry layer and the permeable structure is domestic waste glass, including window glass and glass bottles. The waste glass is washed and ground into waste glass powder with the particle size of less than 80 mu m.
Pressing the water permeable brick mixture into a green body, drying the green body under the conditions of no wind and no sun until the water content is less than 30%, and then calcining the green body at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ for 20-60 min to prepare the sintered water permeable brick.
Has the positive and beneficial effects that: (1) the sintered water permeable brick is different from the common sintered water permeable brick, has low sintering temperature, is a full-solid waste building material, and belongs to the industry of national key support development; (2) the aggregate used in the invention has high strength, low water absorption and good high-temperature stability, so that the permeable brick is easy to form and has high strength; (3) the permeable brick of the invention adopts less grain grade aggregate, has high permeability which is far larger than 2.0 multiplied by 10 required by standard A grade-2mm/s, and is more suitable for areas with large rainfall; (4) the invention adopts the low-temperature flux to replace the cosolvent, thereby more effectively reducing the firing temperature; (5) the drying process designed by the invention can effectively prevent the thin layer from cracking in the preparation process, and ensures the product quality; (6) the raw materials adopted by the invention have wide sources and low cost; the firing temperature of the brick is low, the production cost is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the prepared brick meets the national tax-free policy and is more easily accepted by related enterprises.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples:
a method for preparing a full-solid waste high-permeability sintered water permeable brick comprises the steps of firstly forming a water permeable structure layer by adopting the existing forming equipment, and then pressing a thin slurry layer of 0.3-0.7 cm on the upper surface; the grout layer consists of a binder and a low-temperature solvent, wherein the low-temperature solvent accounts for 5-10% of the binder; the permeable structure layer is composed of aggregate, a binder and a low-temperature solvent, wherein the proportion of the aggregate to the binder is 2.5-4, and the low-temperature solvent accounts for 5-10% of the binder.
The aggregate of the permeable structure layer adopts waste ceramic tiles generated in a ceramic tile processing plant and decoration, and the waste ceramic tiles are not decomposed and structurally transformed at high temperature; selecting waste ceramic tiles with water absorption rate below 1%; the waste ceramic tiles are crushed to prepare aggregate with the grain diameter of 2.36-9.5 mm.
The binder for the thin pulp layer and the permeable structure adopts dried red mud, bauxite tailings, domestic sludge or river sludge, the CaO content of the binder is lower than 10 percent so as to prevent the lime from cracking by explosion, and the binder is ground to the granularity of less than 80 mu m; when domestic sludge or river sludge is adopted, a component regulator is added to ensure that the chemical components of the component regulator reach the proportion range usually required by a ceramic crystal phase; the regulator adopts waste high-alumina refractory material and silica fume.
The low-temperature solvent for the slurry layer and the permeable structure is domestic waste glass, including window glass and glass bottles. The waste glass is washed and ground into waste glass powder with the particle size less than 80 mu m.
Pressing the water permeable brick mixture into a green body, drying the green body under the conditions of no wind and no sun until the water content is less than 30%, and then calcining the green body at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ for 20-60 min to prepare the sintered water permeable brick.
Since the red mud and bauxite tailings have similar components, and the river sludge and domestic sludge have similar components, the technical scheme of the invention is further explained below by taking the red mud and the river sludge as binders to prepare the water-permeable sintered bricks, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Grinding the cleaned waste window glass, the waste ceramic tiles (with water absorption of 0.5%) and the dried red mud to required granularity, wherein the grain size of the aggregate of the waste ceramic tiles is 2.36-9.5 mm, and the waste glass powder and the red mud are all sieved by a sieve of 80 mu m; step (2), mixing the red mud and the waste glass powder according to a mixing ratio of 94: 6, after uniformly mixing, adding water accounting for 10 percent of the total amount of the dry materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a thin-layer mixture; and (3) mixing the red mud and the waste glass powder according to a mixing ratio of 94: 6 mixing well, then addingAdding 10% of water and aggregate which is 3 times of the amount of the powder, and continuously and uniformly mixing to obtain a permeable structural layer mixture; loading the permeable structure mixture into a test mold, carrying out static pressure for 30s, then loading the permeable structure mixture into a thin layer mixture, and carrying out static pressure for 30s to prepare a blank; step (5), drying the green body indoors until the moisture content is less than 30%, and drying at 105 ℃ until the weight is constant; and (6) calcining the dried aggregate, preserving heat at 900 ℃ for 30min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the sintered water permeable brick. The rupture strength grade of the sintered permeable brick is Rf4.0MPa, the water permeability is 1.2mm/s, which is far greater than 2.0 multiplied by 10 required by standard A grade-2mm/s。
Example 2
Grinding clean waste glass bottles, clean waste ceramic tiles (the water absorption rate is 0.5 percent), dry river sludge and waste aluminum refractory bricks to the required granularity, wherein the grain diameter of the aggregate of the waste ceramic tiles is 2.36-9.5 mm, and the waste aluminum refractory bricks, the waste glass powder and the sludge all pass through a 80-micron sieve; step (2), mixing the river sludge, the waste aluminum refractory bricks and the waste glass powder according to the weight ratio of 80: 12: 8, after uniformly mixing, adding water accounting for 10 percent of the total amount of the dry materials, and uniformly mixing to obtain a thin-layer mixture; step (3), mixing the sludge, the waste aluminum refractory bricks and the waste glass powder according to the weight ratio of 80: 8: 12, uniformly mixing, adding 10 percent of water and aggregate with the amount 4 times that of the powder, and continuously uniformly mixing to obtain a permeable structure layer mixture; loading the permeable structure mixture into a test mold, carrying out static pressure for 30s, then loading the permeable structure mixture into a thin layer mixture, and carrying out static pressure for 30s to prepare a blank; step (5), drying the green body indoors until the moisture content is less than 30%, and drying at 105 ℃ until the weight is constant; and (6) calcining the dried aggregate, preserving heat at 850 ℃ for 50min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the sintered water permeable brick. The rupture strength grade of the sintered water permeable brick is Rf3.5MPa, the water permeability is 2.1 mm/s, which is far greater than 2.0 multiplied by 10 required by standard A grade-2mm/s。
The invention has the following advantages: (1) the sintered water permeable brick is different from the common sintered water permeable brick, has low sintering temperature, is a full-solid waste building material, and belongs to the industry of national key support development; (2) the aggregate used by the invention has high strength, low water absorption and good high-temperature stability, and the permeable brick is easy to be usedMolding and having high strength; (3) the permeable brick of the invention adopts less grain grade aggregate, has high permeability which is far larger than 2.0 multiplied by 10 required by standard A grade-2mm/s, and is more suitable for areas with large rainfall; (4) the invention adopts the low-temperature flux to replace the cosolvent, thereby more effectively reducing the firing temperature; (5) the drying process designed by the invention can effectively prevent the thin layer from cracking in the preparation process, and ensures the product quality; (6) the raw materials adopted by the invention have wide sources and low cost; the firing temperature of the brick is low, the production cost is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the prepared brick meets the national tax-free policy and is more easily accepted by related enterprises.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a full-solid-waste high-permeability sintered water permeable brick is characterized by comprising the following steps: forming a water permeable structure layer by using the existing forming equipment, and covering a grout layer of 0.3-0.7 cm on the surface of the water permeable structure layer; the raw material of the thin slurry layer consists of a binder and a low-temperature fusing agent, wherein the low-temperature fusing agent accounts for 5-10% of the binder; the raw materials of the permeable structure layer consist of aggregate, a binder and a low-temperature flux, wherein the proportion of the aggregate to the binder is 2.5-4, and the low-temperature flux accounts for 5-10% of the binder; the binder is red mud, bauxite tailings, domestic sludge or river sludge, the CaO content is lower than 10%, and the granularity after grinding is smaller than 80 μm; when the domestic sludge or river sludge is adopted, a component regulator is added to ensure that the chemical components of the domestic sludge or river sludge reach the proportion range usually required by a ceramic crystal phase; the regulator adopts waste high-alumina refractory material and silica fume.
2. The method for preparing the full solid waste high water permeability sintered water permeable brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aggregate is crushed waste ceramic tiles produced in ceramic tile processing plants and decoration, the particle size is 2.36-9.5 mm, and the water absorption rate is less than 1%.
3. The method for preparing the full solid waste high water permeability sintered water permeable brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: the low-temperature fusing agent is domestic waste glass, and is ground into particles with the particle size of less than 80 mu m.
4. The method for preparing the full solid waste high water permeability sintered water permeable brick according to claim 1, characterized in that: pressing the water permeable brick mixture into a green body, drying the water permeable brick green body under the conditions of no wind and no sun until the water content is less than 30%, and calcining at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ for 20-60 min to prepare the sintered water permeable brick.
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| JP2005060159A (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-03-10 | Nishida Kosan:Kk | Water retentive and water-permeable ceramic block obtained by utilizing inorganic waste material, and producing method therefor |
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