CN112208280A - 悬架止推轴承装置和配备有该装置的悬架支柱 - Google Patents

悬架止推轴承装置和配备有该装置的悬架支柱 Download PDF

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CN112208280A
CN112208280A CN201910617835.4A CN201910617835A CN112208280A CN 112208280 A CN112208280 A CN 112208280A CN 201910617835 A CN201910617835 A CN 201910617835A CN 112208280 A CN112208280 A CN 112208280A
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suspension
damper
thrust bearing
ring
bearing device
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查尔斯·尚博诺
弗朗索瓦·德莱普斯
克里斯托夫·霍达尔
德西雷·维多特
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SKF AB
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Priority to CN201910617835.4A priority Critical patent/CN112208280A/zh
Priority to US16/852,840 priority patent/US20210010538A1/en
Priority to KR1020200078921A priority patent/KR20210007849A/ko
Priority to DE102020208441.6A priority patent/DE102020208441A1/de
Publication of CN112208280A publication Critical patent/CN112208280A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/06—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement by means of parts of rubber or like materials
    • F16C27/066—Ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
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    • B60G15/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/067—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper characterised by the mounting on the vehicle body or chassis of the spring and damper unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/062—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper
    • B60G15/063—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper the spring being arranged around the damper characterised by the mounting of the spring on the damper
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
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    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
    • F16C19/163—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls with angular contact
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60G2202/30—Spring/Damper and/or actuator Units
    • B60G2202/31—Spring/Damper and/or actuator Units with the spring arranged around the damper, e.g. MacPherson strut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/124—Mounting of coil springs
    • B60G2204/1242—Mounting of coil springs on a damper, e.g. MacPerson strut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/128—Damper mount on vehicle body or chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/418—Bearings, e.g. ball or roller bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/71—Light weight materials
    • B60G2206/7101—Fiber-reinforced plastics [FRP]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
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    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/71—Light weight materials
    • B60G2206/7104—Thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
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    • B60G2206/73—Rubber; Elastomers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种悬架止推轴承装置(10)，用于车辆的机动车悬架支柱中的悬架弹簧(3)。所述装置包括轴承，所述轴承具有相对旋转的上环形轴承构件(20、41)和下环形轴承构件(30、42)，下环形轴承构件包括径向主体(32)。所述装置还包括阻尼元件(50)，所述阻尼元件(50)具有阻尼器径向部分(52)，所述阻尼器径向部分(52)由弹性材料制成并且包覆成型到下环形轴承构件的径向主体(32)，所述阻尼元件(50)具有用于在轴向上支撑所述悬架弹簧(3)的端部线圈的下支撑表面(53)。所述阻尼器径向部分(52)具有被包括在在50邵氏A和85邵氏A之间的材料硬度，并且所述阻尼器径向部分(52)具有被包括在2mm至10mm之间的轴向厚度(D52)。

Description

悬架止推轴承装置和配备有该装置的悬架支柱
技术领域
本发明涉及一种悬架止推轴承装置，特别地，涉及一种麦弗逊式的悬架止推轴承装置(“麦弗逊悬架轴承单元”或MSBU)。本发明还涉及一种用于包括阻尼器和这种悬架止推轴承装置的机动车辆的支柱(strut)。本发明的领域为悬架系统的领域，尤其是机动车辆悬架系统的领域。
背景技术
以已知的方式，机动车辆悬架系统包括支撑轮轴(/车轴)和车辆车轮的悬架支柱。悬架止推轴承装置布置在所述悬架支柱的与所述车轮和地面相对的上部中，并且位于悬架弹簧与附接到车辆底盘的上支撑块之间。
悬架止推轴承装置包括至少一个轴承，例如滚动轴承，轴承包括绕着主轴线相对旋转的上环形轴承构件和下环形轴承构件。
悬架止推轴承装置能够在弹簧与车辆车身之间传递轴向力，并且同时允许可旋转地运动的弹簧与附接到车身的固定支撑块之间的相对角运动。
可以使用由弹性材料制成并且安装在下环形轴承构件与悬架弹簧之间的阻尼元件改善悬架止推轴承装置的阻尼功能。这种阻尼元件允许吸收由弹簧施加到止推轴承装置的冲击和振动。以已知的方式，必须在阻尼元件的材料、轴向厚度以及装置的紧凑度之间找到良好的折衷，以确保优化的静态和动态刚度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过提出增强的悬架止推轴承装置来克服这些缺点。期望提供这样一种悬架止推轴承装置，其相对便宜，具有良好的操作可靠性并且具有增加的使用寿命。
为此，本发明涉及一种悬架止推轴承装置，用于车辆的机动车悬架支柱中的悬架弹簧。所述悬架止推轴承装置包括轴承，所述轴承具有相对旋转的上环形轴承构件和下环形轴承构件。下环形轴承构件包括径向主体。
所述悬架止推轴承装置还包括阻尼元件，所述阻尼元件具有阻尼器径向部分，所述阻尼器径向部分由弹性材料制成并且包覆成型到所述径向主体的下侧。所述阻尼器径向部分具有用于在轴向上支撑所述悬架弹簧的端部线圈(end coil)的下支撑表面。
根据本发明，所述阻尼器径向部分具有被包括在50邵氏A和85邵氏A之间的材料硬度，并且所述阻尼器径向部分具有被包括在2mm和10mm之间的轴向厚度。
归因于本发明，悬架弹簧通过相对于下环形轴承构件的径向主体具有相对大的轴向厚度的阻尼元件而将道路冲击和振动传递到悬架止推轴承装置。重要的阻尼器厚度允许均匀地抑制这种冲击和振动的传递。
根据本发明的有利但非强制性的其他方面，这种悬架止推轴承装置可以包括以下特征中的一个或多个：
-所述悬架止推轴承装置包括轴承，所述轴承具有第一圈和第二圈，所述第一圈固定到上盖，从而形成所述悬架止推轴承的上环形轴承构件，所述第二圈固定到下盖，从而形成所述悬架止推轴承的下环形轴承构件，所述第一圈和所述第二圈相对旋转。
-所述轴承为滚动轴承，在所述第一圈与所述第二圈之间限定环形滚动室，至少一列滚动元件布置在所述滚动室内。
-所述滚动元件为球。
-所述第一圈和所述第二圈由冲压的金属板(/金属片材)(stamped metal sheet)制成。
-所述上盖和所述下盖由刚性塑料材料制成。
-所述下盖包括从所述径向主体的内侧沿轴向向下延伸的轴向毂。
-所述阻尼元件包括从阻尼器径向部分的内侧沿轴向向下延伸的阻尼器轴向部分，所述阻尼器轴向部分固定到轴向毂的外表面。
-所述阻尼元件包括橡胶热塑性弹性体(TPE)(尤其是热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)或苯乙烯热塑性塑料(TPS))、可熔融加工的弹性体(MPE)或弹性体蜂窝泡沫(/泡沫体)(elastomercellular foam)。
-所述阻尼器径向部分的材料硬度等于50邵氏A、60邵氏A、75邵氏A或85邵氏A这些列出值中的一者。
-所述阻尼器径向部分具有被包括在5mm和10mm之间的轴向厚度，有利地，所述阻尼器径向部分的轴向厚度等于8mm。
本发明还涉及一种机动车辆悬架支柱，包括阻尼器杆、悬架弹簧和如上所述的悬架止推轴承装置。
附图说明
现在将根据作为说明性示例而不限制本发明的目的的附图来解释本发明。图1为根据本发明的悬架支柱的截面图，包括还根据本发明的第一实施方式的悬架止推轴承单元、阻尼器杆和悬架弹簧。
具体实施方式
在图1中部分地示出的悬架支柱(suspension strut)1结合到机动车辆悬架系统中。悬架支柱1支撑车辆轮轴(/车轴)和车轮，出于简化的目的，未示出车辆轮轴和车轮。悬架支柱1沿着主轴线X1延伸，当车辆的车轮放置(/停靠/置于)(rest)在平坦的地面上时，主轴线X1沿着大体上竖直的方向设置。悬架支柱1包括阻尼器活塞、线圈状悬架弹簧(coilsuspension spring)3和悬架止推轴承装置10，阻尼器活塞包括具有轴线X2的阻尼杆2和活塞体。图1中部分地示出了杆2和弹簧3，而出于简化的目的，未示出活塞体。
具有主轴线X10的悬架止推轴承装置10安装在弹簧3与连接到机动车辆的底盘的支撑块(未示出)之间。如图1所示，当车辆的悬架系统静置时，轴线X2和轴线X10与主轴线X1重合。
在下文中，形容词“轴向的”和“径向的”是相对于环形的止推轴承装置10的主轴线X10定义的。
悬架止推轴承装置10包括上盖20、下盖30和单个滚动轴承40。在这个实施方式中，这三个组件20、30和40具有绕着主轴线X40的大体(/整体)圆形形状，当车辆的悬架系统静置(at rest)时，主轴线X40与主轴线X10重合。
上盖20构成为由塑料合成材料制成(例如由聚酰胺制成，可选地用玻璃纤维增强)的一体式部件。上盖20具有在径向上延伸的主体21，主体21限定用于悬架止推轴承装置10的内孔22，其中阻尼器杆2安装在内孔22中。上盖20还包括在轴向上延伸的外裙部23，外裙部23具有相对大的直径并且朝向悬架止推轴承装置10的下侧延伸。
上盖20专用于固定到机动车辆底盘的支撑块(support block)。
滚动轴承40包括压制的金属板(/金属片)(sheet metal)内圈41、也由压制的金属板制成的外圈42、一列滚动元件43以及用于保持滚动元件43之间的规则的周向间隔的保持架(未标示)，在此，滚动元件43为球。滚动元件43设置在滚动室(rolling chamber)中，滚动室被限定在由内圈41和外圈42的圆环形部分形成的滚道之间。
作为未示出的替代方案，不需要使用滚动元件，而是内圈和外圈可以彼此直接接触，使用适当的低摩擦材料、涂层或润滑剂。
滚动轴承40一体地在径向上位于上盖20的主体21与外裙部23之间。外圈42装配在下盖30的圆环形内侧部分内。外圈42和下盖30形成下环形轴承构件。内圈41装配到设置在上盖20的主体21的下侧的圆环形外侧部分上。内圈41和上盖20形成上环形轴承构件。上环形轴承构件和下环形轴承构件相对于轴线X40相对旋转。
下盖30包括在轴向上延伸的毂31，毂31限定内孔33，其中杆2在内孔33中沿轴向延伸。下盖30还包括径向主体32，径向主体32从所述毂31在径向上向外延伸。支撑滚动轴承40的内圈41的圆环形外侧部分设置在所述径向主体32的上表面上。
有利地，上盖20和下盖30由刚性塑料材料制成，例如由利用玻璃纤维增强的PA66制成。
下盖30还设置有由弹性材料制成的阻尼元件50，从而能够过滤振动。
阻尼元件50包括管状的轴向部分51和径向部分52。径向部分52紧紧地紧固到下盖30的径向主体32的下侧。径向部分52包括用于以轴承接触的方式接纳悬架弹簧3的端部匝(end turn)的支撑表面53。阻尼元件50的所述径向部分52支撑来自悬架弹簧3的轴向载荷和冲击。
管状轴向部分51从径向部分52朝向悬架止推轴承装置10的下侧在轴向上延伸。所述管状轴向部分51紧紧地紧固到下盖30的毂31的外圆柱表面。阻尼元件50的所述管状轴向部分51支撑来自悬架弹簧3的径向载荷和冲击。
阻尼元件50的管状轴向部分51和径向部分52连接在一起，从而覆盖轴向毂31的外表面和下盖30的径向主体32。
阻尼元件50由弹性材料制成，诸如橡胶热塑性弹性体(TPE)(特别是热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)或苯乙烯热塑性塑料(TPS))、可熔融加工的弹性体(MPE)或弹性体蜂窝/多孔)泡沫(elastomer cellular foam)。阻尼元件50包覆成型到下盖30上。
根据本发明，阻尼元件50具有包括在60邵氏A(Shore A)和85邵氏A之间的材料硬度。有利地，阻尼元件50的硬度为50邵氏A或60邵氏A(非常软的材料)、75邵氏A(软的材料)或85邵氏A(硬质材料)这些列出值中的一者。
此外，阻尼元件的径向部分52包括在2mm和10mm之间的轴向厚度D52。有利地，轴向厚度被包括在5mm和10mm之间，并且有利地轴向厚度等于8mm。
以上参照附图详细描述了本发明的代表性非限制性示例。该详细描述仅旨在向本领域技术人员教导用于实践本教导的优选方面的进一步细节，而不旨在限制本发明的范围。此外，上面公开的每个附加特征和教导可以单独使用或与其他特征和教导结合使用，以提供改进的悬架装置。
此外，上述代表性示例的各个特征以及所附的各个独立权利要求和从属权利要求的各个特征可以以未具体和明确列举的方式组合，以提供本教导的另外有用的实施方式。

Claims (9)

1.一种悬架止推轴承装置(10)，用于车辆的机动车悬架支柱中的悬架弹簧(3)，所述悬架止推轴承装置(10)包括：
-轴承，具有相对旋转的上环形轴承构件(20、41)和下环形轴承构件(30、42)，下环形轴承构件包括径向主体(32)，以及
-阻尼元件(50)，具有阻尼器径向部分(52)，所述阻尼器径向部分(52)由弹性材料制成并且包覆成型到所述径向主体(32)的下侧，所述阻尼器径向部分(52)具有用于在轴向上支撑所述悬架弹簧(3)的端部线圈的下支撑表面(53)，
其特征在于，所述阻尼器径向部分(52)具有被包括在50邵氏A至85邵氏A之间的材料硬度，并且所述阻尼器径向部分(52)具有被包括在2mm至10mm之间的轴向厚度(D52)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的悬架止推轴承装置，其特征在于，所述阻尼器径向部分(52)的材料硬度等于50邵氏A、60邵氏A、75邵氏A或85邵氏A这些列出值中的一者。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的悬架止推轴承装置，其特征在于，所述阻尼器径向部分(52)具有被包括在5mm至10mm之间的轴向厚度(D52)，有利地，所述阻尼器径向部分(52)的轴向厚度(D52)等于8mm。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的悬架止推轴承装置，其特征在于，所述悬架止推轴承装置具有轴承(40)，所述轴承(40)具有第一圈(41)和第二圈(42)，所述第一圈(41)固定到上盖(20)，使得形成上环形轴承构件(20、41)，所述第二圈(42)固定到下盖(30)，使得形成下环形轴承构件(30、42)，所述第一圈(41)和所述第二圈(42)相对旋转。
5.根据权利要求4所述的悬架止推轴承装置，其特征在于，所述轴承(40)为滚动轴承，所述第一圈(41)和所述第二圈(42)在所述第一圈(41)与所述第二圈(42)之间限定出环形滚动室，至少一列滚动元件(43)布置在所述滚动室内。
6.根据权利要求4或5中任一项所述的悬架止推轴承装置，其特征在于，所述下盖(30)包括从所述径向主体(32)的内侧在轴向上向下延伸的轴向毂(31)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的悬架止推轴承装置，其特征在于，所述阻尼元件(50)包括从所述阻尼器径向部分(52)的内侧在轴向上向下延伸的阻尼器轴向部分(51)，所述阻尼器轴向部分(51)固定到所述轴向毂(31)的外表面。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的悬架止推轴承装置，其特征在于，所述阻尼元件(50)包括橡胶热塑性弹性体、可熔融加工的弹性体或弹性体蜂窝泡沫，所述橡胶热塑性弹性体尤其是热塑性聚氨酯或苯乙烯热塑性塑料。
9.一种机动车辆悬架支柱(1)，包括阻尼器杆(2)、悬架弹簧(3)和根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的悬架止推轴承装置(10)。
CN201910617835.4A 2019-07-10 2019-07-10 悬架止推轴承装置和配备有该装置的悬架支柱 Pending CN112208280A (zh)

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