CN112197662A

CN112197662A - Device for preventing blast hole from freezing

Info

Publication number: CN112197662A
Application number: CN202011120376.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孔祥雷; 何晓光
Original assignee: Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2020-10-19
Filing date: 2020-10-19
Publication date: 2021-01-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-19
Also published as: CN112197662B

Abstract

A device for preventing blast holes from freezing is disclosed. Comprises a closed barrel, an inflation hose, a damper, a guide balance lead block, an inflation connector, a magnetic connector, a safety rope, a tightening bag and a sealing sand bag. When in use, the device is placed into a blast hole to be sealed in a straight manner, then the blast hole is inflated at a constant speed, the inflation is stopped after the volume of the sealed barrel expands to exceed 5-10cm of the opening of the blast hole, the sealed barrel is clamped by calipers, and then the sealed sand bag is pressed on the opening of the blast hole, thus completing the full-sealing treatment of the blast hole. At the moment, the closed barrel is tightly attached to the orifice, the bottom of the hole and the peripheral wall of the whole blast hole, external surface water, rock mass fracture water, rock mass seepage water and other water sources and air cannot enter the blast hole, and water cannot be naturally frozen. When the blast hole is filled with powder, the sealing sand bag is removed, and the sealing barrel is taken out to carry out powder filling operation. The device can carry out all-round closure to the big gun hole, blocks the water source that causes the big gun hole frozen ice effectively, fundamentally solves the technological problem that the big gun hole of plateau severe cold district blasting construction frozen ice.

Description

Device for preventing blast hole from freezing

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering blasting construction, and particularly relates to equipment for preventing blast holes from freezing in blasting construction in plateau alpine regions.

Background

The permafrost area of China accounts for 22.3 percent of the area of the homeland, and accounts for the third place in the world, wherein the area of the permafrost at high altitude is the most in the world. According to the national policy, the construction focus of China is gradually shifted to the west, and seasonal frozen soil and perennial frozen soil in wide areas such as sweet, clear, new, Tibetan and Ning areas gradually become the construction focus. Many projects such as excavation of house and road foundations, development of mineral resources, laying of oil field pipelines, construction of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering and military engineering, and the like all face problems of freezing, oxygen deficiency, environmental protection and the like. In the alpine region of plateau, the drilling blasting method is the main construction method for excavating ore rocks and frozen earth. The problem of frozen ice in blast holes is often encountered in blasting construction, some frozen ice extend downwards for a distance from an orifice, some frozen ice are at the bottom of the hole, and some whole blast holes are all frozen ice, so that the diameter of the blast holes is thinned, the depth is reduced, the blast holes are all blocked sometimes, and constructors cannot normally load explosives. Therefore, constructors must take measures to remove the ice to normally operate, so that the working time of workers in the oxygen-deficient environment of the plateau is prolonged, the labor intensity is increased, the production cost of enterprises is increased, the blasting effect is influenced, the blasting risk is increased, and even the ecological environment is damaged. The special environment of 'quick two low' (quick temperature change, low oxygen content and low air pressure) in the plateau leads the plateau construction to be different from plain areas, and the time is the health of workers, the guarantee of ecological environment and the benefit of enterprises.

For many years, the construction of the Sichuan hidden line, the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railway, the construction of reservoir dams in alpine regions of Xinjiang and the development of Tibetan mineral resources accumulate a lot of experiences for the alpine blasting construction in plateau, and some solutions are provided for the problem of blast hole frozen ice: 1. the PPR pipe is suspended at the orifice part of the blast hole and then covered by a bag filled with coal ash; 2. reducing the number of the perforations and determining reasonable blasting scale; 3. using a drilling machine to carry out secondary through holes; 4. sleeving a steel pipe on a wooden stick, grinding the front end of the wooden stick to be sharp, and manually chiseling ice; 5. the principle of rapid construction is followed, the time interval of charging is shortened, and the charging is carried out as soon as possible after the hole is drilled; 6. and (4) heating for melting ice. However, the above measures still have difficulty in fundamentally solving the problems: method 1 frozen ice is still present at the orifice location; the method 2 is a passive construction method, does not solve the problem of frozen ice, and limits the progress of the project; method 3 is a method of removing frozen ice, but will increase drilling costs; method 4 is also a method of removing frozen ice, but will greatly increase the labor of the worker; the method 5 is also a passive construction method, and the problem of frozen blast holes is not solved fundamentally; the method 6 has high implementation difficulty for a large number of frozen blast holes and brings a new drainage problem. Therefore, the method cannot fundamentally and effectively solve the technical problem of frozen ice in blast holes in plateau alpine regions.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to fundamentally and effectively solve the technical problem of blast hole ice freezing in plateau alpine regions for many years, the invention provides a device for preventing blast holes from ice freezing, which can prevent surface water from flowing into the blast holes from an orifice, prevent external air from entering the blast holes, prevent rock pore water and laminar flow water from entering the blast holes, and solve the problem of blast hole ice freezing from the source because no water is naturally available in the blast holes.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the device consists of nine parts, wherein the first part is a closed barrel made of rubber with good elastic property, is cylindrical, has the diameter smaller than the diameter of a blast hole and is 1/3-1/2 of the diameter of the blast hole, can be adjusted according to the actual size of the diameter of the blast hole, has the length larger than the length of the blast hole and is generally 50cm larger, the bottom part is closed and provided with an upper opening, the upper opening is used for being placed into the blast hole, and the bottom part and the peripheral wall of the blast hole are tightly attached to each other after the inflation volume is expanded, and the orifice is filled, so that the aim of sealing the blast hole in an all-round way; the second part is an inflatable hose which is a high-pressure-resistant high-strength hose, has the length equal to that of the sealed barrel and the diameter of 2cm, is arranged in the sealed barrel and is used for guiding high-pressure gas to the bottom of the sealed barrel; the third part is a damper which is in the shape of a solid ring body, is made of rubber, has an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the inflatable hose, is tightly sleeved above the guide balance lead block at the bottom of the closed barrel, and has the function of limiting the free expansion of the closed barrel during inflation so as to ensure that the closed barrel expands from the bottom and then gradually expands upwards; the fourth part is a guide balance lead block which is cylindrical, a cylindrical hollow hole is arranged in the middle, an iron round pipe with the inner diameter of 2cm is nested in the hollow hole, five semicircular air guide grooves are formed in the bottom of the lead block and communicated with the hollow hole in the middle, the total mass is 5kg, the function is that the closed barrel can be conveniently and straightly placed at the bottom of a blast hole, the function of guiding air for the air outlet end of an air inflation hose is also realized, and high-pressure air firstly reaches the bottom of the closed barrel; the fifth part is an inflation joint which is used for connecting an inflation hose with a high-pressure air source; the sixth part is a magnetic suction joint, the shape of the magnetic suction joint is a round pipe with an annular outer edge protruding outwards at one end, the outer diameter of the round pipe is 2cm, the magnetic suction joint is made of a magnet and is used for connecting the inflating hose with the guide balance lead block, and the magnetic suction joint is convenient for separating the magnetic suction joint from the guide balance lead block when the inflating volume of the closed barrel expands; the seventh part is a safety rope which plays a role in assisting in lifting when the closed barrel is lifted out of the blast hole; the eighth part is a tightening bag which is cylindrical and is sleeved outside the closed barrel after the closed barrel is folded along the radial direction, so that the volume occupied by the closed barrel is smaller and more regular, the tightening bag is convenient to be loaded into a blast hole, a fracture line is arranged along the longitudinal full length of the tightening bag, and the tightening bag is convenient to break and fall off along the fracture line when the closed barrel is expanded; the ninth part is a sealing sand bag which is a plastic woven bag filled with drilled rock debris and has the function of pressing the hole opening when the sealed barrel is inflated and expanded to exceed the hole opening for a certain distance so that the sealed barrel is tightly attached to the hole opening part of the blast hole. The factors influencing blast hole frozen ice are more, for example, the air forms condensed water in the blast hole due to large temperature difference and fast temperature change in a plateau high and cold area, pore water in the rock mass permeates into the blast hole, a water flow channel formed by the development of rock mass joint cracks leads to the blast hole, laminar water in individual rock mass enters into the blast hole, the precipitated water flows into the blast hole from an orifice, the air enters into the head to discharge the condensed water formed by the blast hole cracks, and the like, and the factors can cause the frozen ice in the blast hole. The positions and the degrees of the frozen ice are different, some frozen ice is arranged at the orifice part, some frozen ice is arranged at the bottom of the blast hole, and some frozen ice is arranged along the whole length of the blast hole, so that the aperture is thinned, the hole depth is shallow, and even the whole blast hole is completely filled with the frozen ice, so that the explosive cannot be filled. The situation of dozens or even hundreds of blast holes in each blast zone is different. However, under any condition, the influence of any factor can cause the root cause of the frozen ice to be that water or air firstly enters the blast hole, so the principle of the technical scheme of the invention for solving the problem is that the device is used for fully sealing the blast hole immediately after each blast hole is drilled, and external water sources and air cannot enter the blast hole. Because the rubber material has good elasticity, the sealed barrel expands in volume after being inflated, the sealed barrel expands at the bottom under the limitation of the damper, the sealed barrel is tightly attached to the circumferential wall of the blast hole after expanding to the circumferential wall of the blast hole and stops radial expansion under the limitation of the circumferential wall of the blast hole, the inflation is continued at the moment, the internal gas pressure is increased to push the damper to move upwards, the sealed barrel expands to the circumferential wall of the blast hole again, the sealed barrel continuously expands from bottom to top, air or accumulated water in the blast hole is discharged to the outside of the hole from bottom to top, and finally the sealed barrel is tightly attached to the bottom of the hole and the entire circumferential wall of the blast hole, the sealed barrel tightly seals the hole opening under the pressure of the sealing sand bag, so that the whole blast hole is sealed, the water outside the hole, rock body pore water, laminar flow, external air and the like cannot enter the blast hole, and the water cannot freeze when the blast hole is empty of water, the technical problem of blast hole frozen ice is solved fundamentally. In addition, the closed barrel can be folded or rolled up for reuse after being recovered.

The invention has the advantages that under the condition of not needing to measure and analyze various influencing factors and indexes thereof in the high and cold environment of the plateau, the blast hole is directly sealed, the water source causing the frozen ice of the blast hole is effectively blocked, the problem of the frozen ice of the blast hole is fundamentally solved, the structure is simple, the operation is rapid, the labor capacity of workers is small, the strength is low, and the cost is low, thereby being beneficial to popularization.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the damper structure.

Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the structure of the guide balance lead block.

FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the structure of a magnetic connector.

Figure 5 is a schematic view of a rupture line structure of a cinch bag.

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention in a folded state.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the principle and effect of preventing ice freezing according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a closed barrel, 2, an inflation hose, 3, a damper, 4, a guide balance lead block, 5, an inflation joint, 6, a magnetic suction joint, 7, a safety rope, 8, a tightening bag, 9, a sealing sand bag, 10, a blast hole, 11, an annular outer edge, 12, an iron round pipe, 13, an air guide groove, 14, surface water, 15, rock mass fracture water, 16, rock mass seepage water and 17, a fracture line are shown.

Detailed Description

In figure 1, the bottom position in sealed bucket (1) is fixed with the installation of the one end of the balanced lead (4) of direction and safety rope (7) with three bolts, it installs inside sealed bucket (1) to aerify hose (2), aerify hose (2) one end and connect and aerify joint (5), magnetic connector (6) is connected to the other end, magnetic connector (6) are connected with the balanced lead (4) of direction, it overlaps in sealed bucket (1) outside to tighten bag (8) along the full length, attenuator (3) are installed and are tightened bag (8) outside and are close to the balanced lead (4) of direction and in its top position.

In fig. 3, the air guide groove (13) is installed in a downward direction, i.e., in contact with the bottom of the closed tub (1).

In fig. 4, the annular outer edge (11) is arranged at the inner side, namely the side of the inflating hose (2), and mainly plays a role of limiting, so that the inflating hose (2) is prevented from excessively penetrating through the guide balance lead block (4).

In fig. 5, the disconnection lines (17) are arranged such that the connection portions and the disconnection portions are continuously densely staggered.

In fig. 6, the closed barrel (1) is in a folded state when not inflated, and the tightening bag (8) tightly wraps the closed barrel (1), so that the friction between the closed barrel (1) and the hole wall when being filled can be reduced, and the movement resistance of the damper (3) is more uniform when being inflated, and the storage and transportation are convenient.

When the device is used, the device is gently and straightly placed into a blast hole (10) to be sealed, after the bottom of a sealed barrel (1) reaches the bottom of the hole, an inflation connector (5) is connected with high-pressure inflation equipment to start constant-speed inflation, an inflation hose (2) firstly guides high-pressure gas to the bottom of the sealed barrel (1), the volume of the sealed barrel (1) is firstly expanded and enlarged at the bottom under the limitation of a damper (3), the sealed barrel is tightly attached to the peripheral wall of the blast hole (10) after being expanded to the peripheral wall of the blast hole (10), meanwhile, radial expansion is stopped under the limitation of the peripheral wall of the blast hole (10), inflation is continued at the moment, the damper (3) is pushed to move upwards due to the increase of the internal gas pressure, and the volume of the sealed barrel (1) starts to expand to the peripheral wall of the blast. Thus, the volume of the closed barrel (1) is continuously expanded and increased from bottom to top, air or accumulated water in the blast hole (10) is discharged to the outside of the hole from bottom to top, and finally, the closed barrel is tightly attached to the bottom of the hole and the peripheral wall of the whole blast hole (10). Stopping inflating after the closed barrel (1) expands to exceed the orifice of the blast hole (10) by 5-10cm, clamping by using calipers again after being folded, and then pressing the upper end of the closed barrel (1) at the orifice of the blast hole (10) by using a sealing sand bag (9) filled with drilling rock debris to finish the totally-closed treatment of the blast hole (10). When the explosive is to be charged, the sealing sand bag (9) is removed, the calipers are loosened, the sealing barrel (1) is contracted and restored to the initial state after the gas is exhausted, and the explosive can be charged by lifting the sealing sand bag out of the blast hole (10) under the auxiliary action of the safety rope (7).

In the figure 7, after the exposed space of the blast hole (10) is completely filled and sealed by the sealing barrel (1), surface water (14), rock mass fracture water (15), rock mass seepage water (16) and other water sources and air outside the space of the blast hole (10) can not enter the sealed barrel, and water can not be naturally frozen, so that the technical problem of frozen ice of the blast hole in the plateau alpine region is fundamentally solved.

Taking the open blasting construction at the altitude of about 5270 meters in a certain plateau high altitude area as an example, the specific working conditions are as follows: the joint crack of the rock mass in the explosion area is relatively developed, the coefficient of Poulper's coefficient f of the rock is =6-10, a down-the-hole drill is used for drilling, the aperture is 120mm, the hole depth is 14.5m, the hole distance is 6 m, the row distance is 4.5m, the holes are distributed in a triangular shape, the filling height is 4.5-5 m, a plateau type emulsion explosive, a common plastic detonating tube millisecond delay detonator is used, the unit consumption of the average explosive is 0.40kg/m³Left and right. The frozen ice condition is that after drilling all blast holes in the whole explosion area for one or several days, the frozen ice phenomenon occurs in the holes when charging the powder, the freezing aperture of some holes becomes thin, the whole blast holes are frozen completely, and the frozen ice occurs in almost the whole explosion area during serious conditions. The application effect of the invention is explained by the engineering:

firstly, before drilling in an explosion area, equipment is required;

secondly, after drilling a hole, immediately putting the device into a blast hole (10) to be sealed, connecting an inflation connector (5) with high-pressure inflation equipment after the bottom of a sealed barrel (1) reaches the bottom of the hole, starting constant-speed inflation, stopping inflation after the sealed barrel (1) expands to exceed 5-10cm of the orifice of the blast hole (10), clamping by using calipers, clamping again by using calipers after folding, and pressing the upper end of the sealed barrel (1) at the orifice of the blast hole (10) by using a sealing sand bag (9) filled with drilling rock debris to complete the fully-closed treatment of the blast hole (10);

thirdly, totally closing the blast holes (10) drilled in the blasting areas one by one;

and fourthly, when the powder is to be charged, the sealing sand bag (9) is removed, the calipers are loosened, the sealing barrel (1) is contracted and restored to the initial state after the gas is exhausted, the sealing sand bag is lifted out of the blast hole (10) under the auxiliary action of the safety rope (7), and then the powder charging operation is carried out.

By applying the invention, the blast holes in the engineering examples have no frozen ice.

Claims

1. A device for preventing blast holes from being frozen is characterized in that: the device comprises a sealed barrel, an inflation hose, a damper, a guide balance lead block, an inflation connector, a magnetic suction connector, a safety rope, a tightening bag and a sealing sand bag, wherein one end of the guide balance lead block and the safety rope is installed and fixed at the bottom position in the sealed barrel, the inflation hose is installed inside the sealed barrel, one end of the inflation hose is connected with the inflation connector, the other end of the inflation hose is connected with the magnetic suction connector, the magnetic suction connector is connected with the guide balance lead block, the tightening bag is sleeved outside the sealed barrel along the full length, and the damper is installed at the position, close to the guide balance lead block, outside the tightening bag and above the guide balance.

2. A device for preventing freezing of a blast hole according to claim 1, wherein: the closed barrel is cylindrical, the diameter of the closed barrel is smaller than the diameter of a blast hole and is 1/3-1/2 of the diameter of the blast hole, the closed barrel can be adjusted according to the actual size of the diameter of the blast hole, the length of the closed barrel is larger than the length of the blast hole and is generally 50cm larger, the bottom of the closed barrel is closed, the upper opening is made of rubber with good elastic performance, and the closed barrel is inflated to expand in volume.

3. A device for preventing freezing of a blast hole according to claim 1, wherein: the damper is in a solid annular body shape and made of rubber, and has the function of limiting free expansion of the sealed barrel during inflation and ensuring that the sealed barrel expands from the bottom.

4. A device for preventing freezing of a blast hole according to claim 1, wherein: the guide balancing lead block is cylindrical, a cylindrical hollow hole is formed in the middle of the guide balancing lead block, an iron round pipe is embedded in the hollow hole, and five semicircular air guide grooves are formed in the bottom of the lead block and communicated with the hollow hole in the middle of the guide balancing lead block.

5. A device for preventing freezing of a blast hole according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic suction connector is a round pipe with one end provided with an annular outer edge protruding outwards, the magnetic suction connector is made of magnet and is used for connecting the air inflation hose and the guide balance lead block, and the magnetic suction connector is convenient to separate from the guide balance lead block when the sealed barrel is inflated to expand in volume.

6. A device for preventing freezing of a blast hole according to claim 1, wherein: the sealing sand bag is a plastic woven bag with drilled rock debris inside, and has the function of pressing the hole opening when the sealing barrel is inflated and expanded to exceed the hole opening for a certain distance, so that the sealing barrel is tightly attached to the hole opening of the blast hole.

7. A device for preventing freezing of a blast hole according to claim 1, wherein: the tightening bag is provided with a fracture line along the longitudinal full length, and the function is to facilitate the tightening bag to break and fall off along the fracture line when the closed barrel expands.