CN112195880A - Full fishway system applicable to dam-behind type factory building in high and steep narrow terrain and construction method - Google Patents
Full fishway system applicable to dam-behind type factory building in high and steep narrow terrain and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112195880A CN112195880A CN202010640117.1A CN202010640117A CN112195880A CN 112195880 A CN112195880 A CN 112195880A CN 202010640117 A CN202010640117 A CN 202010640117A CN 112195880 A CN112195880 A CN 112195880A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
Abstract
The invention discloses a full fishway system of a dam-behind factory building suitable for high and steep narrow terrains, which comprises a dam, and further comprises a guide wall section fishway, a tail water outlet section fishway, a tail water channel side wall section fishway, a reciprocating and winding ascending section fishway, a dam shoulder side slope section fishway, a dam passing section fishway and a dam front section fishway which are sequentially connected from downstream to upstream; a tail water channel is formed among the fishway of the guide wall section in the dam, the fishway of the tail water outlet section and the fishway of the side wall section of the tail water channel; when fishes migrate to the tail canal, the fishes enter the fishway through at least one inlet respectively arranged on a fishway at the wall guiding section of the factory dam and a fishway at the wall side section of the tail canal, then sequentially pass through a fishway at the reciprocating winding ascending section arranged on the bank side slope, a fishway at the slope shoulder section, a fishway at the dam passing section and a fishway at the front section of the dam, and then enter the upstream reservoir area of the dam through an outlet arranged on the fishway at the front section of the dam, so that the fishes cross the dam and are upstream traced in the fishway in a reverse flow manner. The system can be suitable for the hydraulic and hydroelectric hubs of high-slope high-head dam rear type plants with two-bank dam shoulders, maintains the continuity and material circulation of rivers, and ensures continuous fish passing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and particularly relates to a full fishway system of a dam-behind factory building and a construction method of the full fishway system.
Background
In order to protect fish resources and restore river diversity, a barrage is built and fish passing facilities are required. At present, the existing dam fish passing facilities at home and abroad mainly comprise fishways, natural-like channels, fish gates, fish transporting systems and the like.
The fishway is currently mostly suitable for low-head hydro-power hubs, such as domestic Changtui hydro-hubs, sand bay hydro-power stations, valley hydro-power stations and the like. The high-head water conservancy and hydropower junction is influenced by factors such as terrain, junction arrangement and the like, a fish gate, a fish elevator, a fish collecting and transporting system and the like are mostly adopted, for example, a ropeway cage lifting system is adopted by an American Roondibut dam to transport fish to pass through the dam, a fish elevator is adopted by a Japan small Manchu pasture dam to pass through the fish, China is full, a Huangdeng hydropower station adopts a fish way and a fish elevator to pass through the fish, and the like. However, the application of the high-head hydro-hydralic armature newfish passage is very rare, and currently, the high-head hydro-hydralic armature fishway mainly comprises a Brazilian Itapup hydropower station fishway, a northern branch of a river dam fishway and a Parlton fishway in the United states, and a fishway of a Tibetan wood hydropower station.
The fish gate, the fish elevator and the fish collecting and transporting system cannot realize the communication of rivers below and above the engineering dam, and the full fishway scheme can realize the communication of upstream and downstream river sections, can maintain the continuity and material circulation of the rivers and can continuously pass through the fish. At present, for a built high-head dam rear-type factory building hydraulic and hydro-electric junction, a full fishway is built mainly by using gentle landforms on two sides of a dam, a gentle slope rises, and the arrangement form cannot be applied to the dam rear-type factory building hydraulic and hydro-electric junction of which the landforms on the two sides of a barrage are high and steep slopes.
Based on the situation, the invention provides a full fishway system and a construction method of a dam-behind factory building suitable for high and steep narrow terrains, and the problems can be effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a full fishway system of a dam-behind factory building and a construction method, wherein the full fishway system is suitable for high and steep narrow terrains. The system can be suitable for the hydraulic and hydroelectric hubs of high-slope high-head dam rear type plants with two-bank dam shoulders, maintains the continuity and material circulation of rivers, and ensures continuous fish passing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a full fishway system of a factory building behind a dam suitable for high and steep narrow terrains comprises a dam, and further comprises a fishway at a guide wall section in the dam, a fishway at a tail water outlet section, a fishway at a side wall section of a tail water channel, a fishway at a reciprocating coiling and folding ascending section, a fishway at a dam shoulder side slope section, a fishway at a dam passing section and a fishway at a front section of the dam which are sequentially connected from downstream to upstream; a tail water channel is formed among the fishway of the guide wall section in the dam, the fishway of the tail water outlet section and the fishway of the side wall section of the tail water channel; when fishes migrate to the tail canal, the fishes enter the fishway through at least one inlet respectively arranged on a fishway at the wall guiding section of the factory dam and a fishway at the wall side section of the tail canal, then sequentially pass through a fishway at the reciprocating winding ascending section arranged on the bank side slope, a fishway at the slope shoulder section, a fishway at the dam passing section and a fishway at the front section of the dam, and then enter the upstream reservoir area of the dam through an outlet arranged on the fishway at the front section of the dam, so that the fishes cross the dam and are upstream traced in the fishway in a reverse flow manner.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the fishway of the guide wall section in the factory dam comprises a foundation of the guide wall section in the factory dam and a pool chamber of the guide wall section in the factory dam, which is arranged above the foundation of the guide wall section in the factory dam; the width of the top of the pool chamber of the guide wall section in the factory dam is not less than 3m, so that the arrangement space of the fishway pool chamber is ensured.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the tail water outlet section fishway comprises a tail water outlet section basic column and a tail water outlet section pool chamber arranged above the tail water outlet section basic column; the tail water outlet section pool chamber adopts a simple supporting beam structure form, and 2 sections which are convoluted back and forth are arranged on a tail water outlet section foundation column.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the fishway of the side wall section of the tail water channel comprises a side wall foundation of the tail water channel and a pool chamber of the side wall section of the tail water channel arranged above the side wall foundation of the tail water channel; and a water replenishing pool is arranged at one end, close to the fishway at the tail water outlet section, of the fishway at the side wall section of the tail water channel, and is connected with a water replenishing steel pipe connected to the reservoir, and the water replenishing steel pipe is used for replenishing the water flow at the inlet of the fishway.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the reciprocating plate-folded ascending section fishway includes an ascending section foundation, a plurality of ascending section foundation columns disposed above the ascending section foundation, and an ascending section pool chamber disposed above the ascending section foundation columns; the two adjacent ascending section foundation columns are fixedly connected through an ascending section connecting beam, and the distance between the upstream and the downstream of the two adjacent ascending section foundation columns is 10-17 m; the pool chamber of the ascending section adopts a simple beam structure form and is spirally arranged on the foundation column of the ascending section back and forth; the turning parts at the upstream and downstream ends of the fishway of the reciprocating disc-bending ascending section are provided with ascending section turning pool chambers.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the dam shoulder slope section fishway comprises a dam shoulder slope section foundation, a dam shoulder slope section pool chamber arranged above the dam shoulder slope section foundation and a fishway flow regulating pool arranged on the dam shoulder slope section fishway; the dam abutment slope section foundation is supported by anchor rods, so that the stability of a dam abutment slope section pool chamber and a dam abutment slope section pool chamber foundation is ensured; arranging notches on the side walls of the fishway flow regulating pool, discharging redundant water bodies exceeding the notches in the fishway, and leading the discharged water bodies to a downstream river channel through a pipeline; the overflow flow Q of the fishway flow regulating pool is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein σ c is a notch side contraction coefficient, σ s is a submergence coefficient, m is a flow coefficient, b is a notch width, and Ho is a height of a front water head of a weir on the notch, which can be known from the handbook of hydraulic calculation.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the fishway at the dam-passing section is positioned in a dam and comprises a pond room at the dam-passing section, a dam body at the dam-passing section, a flood gate slot and an opening and closing machine room; when the fishway runs, the flood gate is in an open state, and when the fishway runs in an emergency, the flood gate can be closed to protect the safety of the fishway.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the inlet comprises an inlet door slot, an inlet fishway pool chamber side wall bottom plate and an inlet breast wall; the tail end of the downstream of the fishway of the guide wall section in the dam is provided with 1 inlet; the downstream end of the fishway on the side wall of the tail water channel section is provided with 1 inlet, and the upstream head end of the fishway is provided with 2 inlets.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the fishway at the front section of the dam comprises a fishway foundation at the front section of the dam, a fishway chamber at the front section of the dam arranged above the fishway foundation at the front section of the dam, and an outlet arranged at the upstream end of the fishway at the front section of the dam; the top elevation of the side wall of the pool chamber at the front section of the dam is higher than the highest water level at the upstream of the dam, so that flood flooding is prevented from flooding the fishway in the flood season; the outlet comprises an outlet door slot, an outlet fishway pool chamber side wall bottom plate and an outlet breast wall; the distance between the outlet and the upstream surface of the dam is 100-300 m.
The invention provides a construction method of a full fishway system of a dam-type factory building suitable for high and steep narrow terrains, which comprises the following construction steps:
s1, firstly pouring a foundation of a guide wall section in a factory dam, and then constructing a pool chamber and an inlet of the guide wall section in the factory dam at the upper part to form a fishway of the guide wall section in the factory dam;
s2, pouring a foundation column of the tail water outlet section, and constructing a pool chamber of the tail water outlet section at the upper part to form a fishway of the tail water outlet section; the top elevation of the foundation column of the tail water outlet section is determined by the elevation of the bottom plate of the pool chamber of the tail water outlet section, and the pool chamber of the tail water outlet section can be hung on the foundation column of the tail water outlet section in a prefabricated mode and can also be poured by a vertical template on site;
s3, pouring a foundation of the side wall of the tail water channel, and then forming a pool chamber of the side wall section of the tail water channel to form a fishway of the side wall section of the tail water channel;
s4, firstly pouring an ascending section foundation, then constructing ascending section foundation columns, and connecting two adjacent ascending section foundation columns through ascending section connecting beams to form a reciprocating coiled ascending section fishway; the pool chamber of the ascending section can be hoisted on the foundation of the ascending section in a prefabricated mode, and can also be poured by a vertical template on site;
s5, pouring ascending section pool chambers 4c at two ends of the reciprocating disc-folded ascending section fishway, wherein the side wall thickness of each ascending section pool chamber 4c is 0.4-0.6 m, and the bottom plate thickness is 0.4-0.8 m;
s6, constructing a support anchor rod, pouring a foundation of the dam shoulder slope section, and constructing a pool chamber of the dam shoulder slope section to form a fishway of the dam shoulder slope section; the anchor rod can adopt a mortar anchor rod, and can also adopt a prestressed anchor rod or an anchor tendon support form;
s7, pouring the dam body of the dam-passing section to a certain elevation, constructing a pond room of the dam-passing section, arranging a flood gate slot and an on-off machine room in the fishway to form the fishway of the dam-passing section, and arranging the on-off machine room at the top of the dam or in the dam body according to the elevation of the bottom plate of the fishway;
s8, pouring a dam front section foundation firstly, then constructing a dam front section pool chamber, and arranging an outlet at the upstream end of the fishway at the dam front section to form a fishway at the dam front section.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the fish can enter the fishway through inlets arranged on the fishway at the wall guiding section in the factory dam and the fishway at the side wall of the tail canal, then sequentially pass through the fishway at the ascending section of the reciprocating coiling and folding arranged on the bank side slope, the fishway at the side slope of the dam shoulder, the fishway at the dam passing section and the fishway at the front section of the dam, and then enter the upstream reservoir area of the dam through the outlet arranged on the fishway at the front section of the dam, so that the fishes cross over the dam and go up to the inside of the fishway in a counter-current manner. The fishway system can be arranged on a high-steep narrow terrain slope, and the purpose of migration of fishes across a high-head barrage is achieved.
2. The invention sets up 1 import in the downstream end of fishway of guide wall section in the said factory dam; the downstream tail end of the fishway on the side wall of the tail water channel section is provided with 1 inlet, and the upstream head end of the fishway is provided with 2 inlets; the import that sets up different positions can adapt to with the different water levels in dam low reaches better, and the suitable constriction 1/3 ~ 2/3 of import width increases the import velocity of flow, increases the effect of luring fish.
3. The end of the fishway at the side wall section of the tail water channel, which is close to the fishway at the tail water outlet section, is provided with the water supplementing pool and is connected with the water supplementing steel pipe connected with the reservoir, and the water in the reservoir is introduced into the water supplementing pool through the water supplementing steel pipe to supplement the water flow at the inlet of the fishway and increase the fish luring effect.
4. The fishway at the dam-passing section is positioned in a dam and comprises a flood gate slot and an opening and closing machine room, wherein when the fishway runs, a flood gate is in an open state, and when the fishway runs in an emergency, the flood gate can be closed so as to protect the safety of the fishway.
5. The system can be suitable for the high-steep side slope landform of the dam abutment of the two banks and the hydraulic and hydroelectric junction of a high-head dam rear type factory building, maintains the continuity and the material circulation of a river, continuously passes fishes, improves the fish passing efficiency and protects the ecological environment. The full fishway system is also applicable to high-water-head power stations with wide landforms on both sides.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan layout view of a high head whole fishway system of the high steep dam shoulder slope of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the fishway of the guide wall section in the dam of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tail water outlet section fishway of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tailrace sidewall fishway and the spiral upleg fishway of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the fishway end turning pool chamber of the reciprocating disk-shaped ascending section of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the side slope section of the fishway of the dam of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the fishway of the present invention passing over the dam.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the fishway in front of the dam of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the inlet structure of the fishway of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the fishway exit structure of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with specific examples, but it should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain features of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationships depicted in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent.
As shown in fig. 1, a full fishway system of a factory building behind a dam suitable for a high and steep narrow terrain comprises a dam 8, and further comprises a fishway 1 of a guide wall section in the factory dam, a fishway 2 of a tail water outlet section, a fishway 3 of a side wall section of a tail water channel, a fishway 4 of a reciprocating winding rising section, a fishway 5 of a dam shoulder side slope section, a fishway 6 of a dam passing section and a fishway 7 of a dam front section which are sequentially connected from downstream to upstream; a tail water channel 9 is formed among the fishway 1 of the guide wall section in the dam, the fishway 2 of the tail water outlet section and the fishway 3 of the side wall section of the tail water channel; when fishes migrate to the tail canal 9, the fishes enter the fishway through at least one inlet 10 respectively arranged on the fishway 1 at the guide wall section of the factory dam and the fishway 3 at the side wall section of the tail canal, then sequentially pass through the fishway 4 at the reciprocating coiling ascending section arranged on the bank side slope, the fishway 5 at the dam shoulder slope section, the fishway 6 at the dam passing section and the fishway 7 at the front section of the dam, and then enter the upstream reservoir area of the dam 8 through an outlet 11 arranged on the fishway 7 at the front section of the dam, so that the fishes cross the dam 8 to upstream in the fishway in a reverse flow manner.
As shown in fig. 2, the fishway 1 includes a foundation 1b and a pool chamber 1 a; the width of the top of the pool chamber 1a of the guide wall section in the factory dam is not less than 3m, so that the arrangement space of the fishway pool chamber is ensured. The fishway 1 of the middle guide wall section of the factory dam is arranged in the middle guide wall of the factory dam, and after the foundation 1b of the middle guide wall section of the factory dam is poured, the pool room 1a and the inlet 10 of the middle guide wall section of the upper factory dam can be constructed.
As shown in fig. 3, the tail water outlet section fishway 2 comprises a tail water outlet section base column 2a, and a tail water outlet section pool chamber 2b arranged above the tail water outlet section base column 2 a; the tail water outlet section pool chamber 2b adopts a simple supporting beam structure form, and the back and forth spiral 2 sections are arranged on the tail water outlet section foundation column 2 a. The tail water outlet section foundation column 2a is close to the downstream of the tail water gate pier, the section width does not exceed the section width of the tail water gate pier, and the phenomenon that the power generation tail water is prevented from flowing out to influence the power generation of the unit is avoided. The top elevation of the tail water outlet section foundation column 2a is determined by the elevation of a bottom plate of a tail water outlet section pool chamber 2b, the tail water outlet section pool chamber 2b can be hung on the tail water outlet section foundation column 2a in a prefabricated mode, the tail water outlet section pool chamber can also be poured by a vertical template on site, the bottom plate of the tail water outlet section pool chamber 2b is 0.4-0.8 m thick, and the side wall is 0.4-0.6 m thick. The structural size design of the tail water outlet section foundation column 2a and the tail water outlet section pool chamber 2b can meet the requirement of the hydraulic concrete structure design specification.
As shown in fig. 4, the fishway 3 includes a tailrace sidewall foundation 3a, and a tailrace sidewall section pool chamber 3b disposed above the tailrace sidewall foundation 3 a; and a water replenishing pool 13 is arranged at one end of the fishway 3 at the side wall section of the tail water channel, which is close to the fishway 2 at the tail water outlet section, and is connected with a water replenishing steel pipe 12 connected with the reservoir, and the water replenishing steel pipe 12 is used for replenishing the water flow of the fishway inlet 10. The fishway 3 of the side wall section of the tailrace is combined with the side wall of the tailrace 9, and the roof height is higher than the flood control water level of the tailrace 9 and can be flush with the tailrace platform. The foundation 3a of the side wall of the tailrace is poured firstly, and then the pool chamber 3b of the side wall section of the tailrace is poured. The pool chamber 3b of the side wall section of the tail canal rises spirally.
As shown in fig. 4, the reciprocating and winding up section fishway 4 includes an up section base 4a, a plurality of up section base pillars 4b disposed above the up section base 4a, and an up section pool chamber 4c disposed above the up section base pillars 4 b; the two adjacent ascending section foundation columns 4b are fixedly connected through an ascending section connecting beam 4d, and the distance between the two adjacent ascending section foundation columns 4b is 10-17 m; the ascending section pool chamber 4c adopts a simple supporting beam structure form, and 2 sections of the tank are arranged on the ascending section foundation column 4b in a back-and-forth spiral mode; the turning parts at the two ends of the upstream and downstream of the reciprocating disc-folded ascending section fishway 4 are provided with ascending section turning pond chambers 4e which are also used as fish room resting ponds. The reciprocating plate-folded ascending section fishway 4 can be cast with an ascending section foundation 4a firstly, then an ascending section foundation column 4b is constructed, the ascending section foundation column 4b is connected through an ascending section connecting beam 4d, and an ascending section pool chamber 4c can be hung on the ascending section foundation 4a in a prefabricated mode or can be cast by a site vertical template. The average thickness of the ascending section foundation 4a is 1 m-5 m, the ascending section foundation column 4b can adopt a circular concrete column with the diameter of 1 m-2 m, and can also adopt a square concrete column with the section size of 1m multiplied by 2 m. The connecting beam 4d of the ascending section can adopt a square concrete column with the section size of 0.6m multiplied by 1 m. The bottom plate of the pool chamber 4c of the ascending section is 0.4 m-0.8 m thick, and the side wall is 0.4 m-0.6 m thick. The structural dimensions of the ascending section foundation column 4b and the ascending section pool chamber 4c meet the design specification requirements of the hydraulic concrete structure through stable stress calculation. The anti-skid stability of the overall foundation of the reciprocating disc-folded ascending section fishway 4 should meet the standard requirements.
As shown in figure 5, the side wall thickness of the ascending turning tank chamber 4e is 0.4 m-0.6 m, the bottom plate thickness is 0.4 m-0.8 m, 2 rectifying guide plates are arranged on the inner side of the ascending turning tank chamber 4e, the distance is 0.5m, the width is 0.5m, and the height and the thickness are equal to the height of the tank chamber baffle plate.
As shown in fig. 6, the dam slope section fishway 5 comprises a dam slope section foundation 5b, a dam slope section pool chamber 5a arranged above the dam slope section foundation 5b, and a fishway flow regulating pool 14 arranged on the dam slope section fishway 5; the dam abutment slope section foundation 5b is supported by an anchor rod 5c, so that the stability of the dam abutment slope section pool chamber 5a and the dam abutment slope section pool chamber foundation 5b is ensured; and a notch is arranged on the side wall of the fishway flow regulating pool 14, redundant water bodies exceeding the notch in the fishway are discharged, and the discharged water bodies are led to a downstream river channel by a pipeline. The dam abutment slope section fishway 5 is constructed by firstly constructing a support anchor rod 5c, then pouring a dam abutment slope section foundation 5b and finally constructing a dam abutment slope section pool chamber 5 a. The anchor rod 5C may be a mortar anchor rod C28, L is 6m, or may be a prestressed anchor rod or a tendon.
The overflow flow Q of the fishway flow regulating tank 14 is calculated as follows:
wherein, σ c is the shrinkage coefficient of the notch side, σ s is the submerging coefficient, m is the flow coefficient, b is the width of the notch, and Ho is the height of the front water head of the upper weir of the notch.
As shown in fig. 7, the fishway 6 at the passing dam section is positioned in a dam 8 and comprises a pool chamber 6a at the passing dam section, a dam body 6b at the passing dam section, a flood gate slot 6c and an opening and closing machine room 6 d; when the fishway runs, the flood gate is in an open state, and when the fishway runs in an emergency, the flood gate can be closed to protect the safety of the fishway. The fishway 6 of the dam-passing section and the dam-passing section 6b of the part are constructed synchronously, after the dam-passing section 6b is poured to a certain height, the pond 6a of the dam-passing section can be constructed, the flood gate is arranged in the fishway, and the flat gate can be opened and closed by adopting a screw hoist. The hoist 6d can be arranged on the top of the dam or in the dam body according to the height of the bottom plate of the fishway.
As shown in fig. 7, the inlet 10 includes an inlet gate groove 10a, an inlet fishway room side wall bottom plate 10b and an inlet breast wall 10 c; the tail end of the downstream of the fishway 1 of the guide wall section in the dam is provided with 1 inlet 10; the downstream end of the fishway 2 of the side wall of the tail water channel section is provided with 1 inlet 10, and the upstream head end of the fishway is provided with 2 inlets 10. Different imports adapt to different water level operation in dam low reaches, wherein regard as the main import of fish with import in the tail ditch of sediment trapping bank upper reaches, the import width can suitably narrow 1/3 ~ 2/3, increases the import velocity of flow, increases the effect of luring fish. The elevation of the bottom plate of the inlet 10 of the fishway 1 of the guide wall section, the fishway 2 of the side wall of the tail canal section and the fishway 3 of the side wall of the tail canal section in the dam of the factory is adapted to the water level in the tail canal 9, so that fish can pass through in the fish passing season and in the non-flood discharge period. The width of the inlet 10 is 0.5 m-2.5 m, the width of the inlet gate slot 10a is 1.2 m-2.4 m, the thickness of the bottom plate 10b of the side wall of the fishway pool chamber is 0.5 m-1.5 m, and the thickness of the inlet breast wall 10c is 2 m-5 m.
As shown in fig. 8 and 10, the pre-dam fishway 7 comprises a pre-dam foundation 7a, a pre-dam pool chamber 7b arranged above the pre-dam foundation 7a, and an outlet 11 arranged at the upstream end of the pre-dam fishway 7; the top elevation of the side wall of the front-section pool chamber 7b of the dam is higher than the highest water level at the upstream of the dam 8, so that flood flooding is prevented from flooding the fishway in the flood season; the outlet comprises an outlet door slot 11a, an outlet fishway pool chamber side wall bottom plate 11b and an outlet breast wall 11 c; the distance between the outlet 11 and the upstream surface of the dam 8 is 100-300 m. The 11 bottom plates of the outlets of the fishways 7 at the front section of the dam are suitable for the operation water level in the upstream reservoir area of the dam, so that fishes can be passed through in the fish passing season and in the non-flood discharge period. The width of the outlet 11 is 0.5 m-2.5 m, the width of the outlet gate slot 11a is 1.2 m-2.4 m, the thickness of the bottom plate 11b of the side wall of the fishway pool chamber is 0.5 m-1.5 m, and the thickness of the outlet breast wall 11c is 2 m-5 m.
The invention also provides a construction method of the full fishway system of the dam-behind factory building, which is suitable for high and steep narrow terrains and comprises the following construction steps:
s1, pouring a foundation 1b of a guide wall section in a factory dam, and constructing a pool chamber 1a and an inlet 10 of the guide wall section in the factory dam at the upper part to form a fishway 1 of the guide wall section in the factory dam;
s2, pouring a tail water outlet section foundation column 2a, and constructing a tail water outlet section pool chamber 2b at the upper part to form a tail water outlet section fishway 2; the top elevation of the foundation column 2a of the tail water outlet section is determined by the elevation of the bottom plate of the pool chamber 2b of the tail water outlet section, and the pool chamber 2b of the tail water outlet section can be hung on the foundation column 2a of the tail water outlet section in a prefabricated mode or can be poured by erecting a template on site;
s3, pouring a side wall foundation 3a of the tail water channel, and then forming a side wall section fishway 3b of the tail water channel;
s4, pouring an ascending section foundation 4a, constructing ascending section foundation columns 4b, and connecting two adjacent ascending section foundation columns 4b through ascending section connecting beams 4d to form a reciprocating coil-folded ascending section fishway 4; the ascending section pool chamber 4c can be hung on the ascending section foundation 4a in a prefabricated mode, and can also be cast by a vertical template on site;
s5, pouring ascending section turning pool chambers 4e at two ends of the reciprocating disc-folded ascending section fishway 4, wherein the side wall thickness of each ascending section turning pool chamber 4e is 0.4-0.6 m, and the bottom plate thickness is 0.4-0.8 m;
s6, constructing a support anchor rod 5c, pouring a dam abutment slope section foundation 5b, and constructing a dam abutment slope section pool chamber 5a to form a dam abutment slope section fishway 5; the anchor rod 5c can adopt a mortar anchor rod, and also can adopt a prestressed anchor rod or an anchor tendon support form;
s7, pouring the dam body 6b of the dam-passing section to a certain elevation, constructing a pond room 6a of the dam-passing section, arranging a flood gate slot 6c and a hoist room 6d in the fishway to form the fishway 6 of the dam-passing section, and arranging the hoist room 6d on the top of the dam or in the dam body according to the elevation of the bottom plate of the fishway;
s8, pouring a dam front section foundation 7a, constructing a dam front section pool chamber 7b, and arranging an outlet 11 at the upstream end of the dam front section fishway 7 to form the dam front section fishway 7.
No matter what form the spiral ascending section foundation column 4b of the invention adopts a reinforced concrete column or a steel pipe concrete column, and what size and shape the section adopts, all fall within the protection scope of the invention.
No matter what plane form the spiral ascending section fishway 4 adopts, the fishway is within the protection scope of the invention as long as the fishway is spirally ascended by arranging the foundation columns on the side slope.
The fishway pond chamber of the invention is made of reinforced concrete or organic glass and other materials, and the fishway pond chamber of the invention falls into the protection scope of the invention.
No matter the dam abutment slope section fishway 5 adopts anchor rods or anchor bar piles and other support forms, the dam abutment slope section fishway only needs to support the pool chamber foundation concrete in an anchor pulling form, and the method falls into the protection scope of the invention.
According to the description of the invention and the attached drawings, the person skilled in the art can easily manufacture or use the full fishway system of the dam type factory building suitable for the steep and narrow terrain, and can generate the positive effects recorded by the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, in the present invention, if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms of "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than to indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore, the terms describing orientation or positional relationship in the present invention are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as limiting the present patent, specific meanings of the above terms can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the specific circumstances in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are used broadly and encompass, for example, being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Formula factory building full fishway system behind dam suitable for high steep narrow topography, including dam (8), its characterized in that: the fishway comprises a fishway body (1) of a guide wall section in the dam, a fishway body (2) of a tail water outlet section, a fishway body (3) of a side wall section of the tail water channel, a fishway body (4) of a reciprocating disk-folded ascending section, a fishway body (5) of a dam shoulder side slope section, a fishway body (6) of a dam passing section and a fishway body (7) of a front section of the dam which are sequentially connected from downstream to upstream; a tail water channel (9) is formed among the fishway (1) of the guide wall section in the dam, the fishway (2) of the tail water outlet section and the fishway (3) of the side wall section of the tail water channel; when fishes migrate to the tail canal (9), the fishes enter the fishway through at least one inlet (10) respectively arranged on the fishway (3) on the wall guiding section (1) and the wall side wall section of the tail canal in the factory dam, then sequentially pass through the fishway (4) on the bank side slope in a reciprocating and winding mode, the fishway (5) on the dam shoulder side slope section, the fishway (6) on the dam passing section and the fishway (7) on the dam front section, and then enter the upstream reservoir area of the dam (8) through the outlet (11) arranged on the fishway (7) on the dam front section, so that the fishes cross the dam (8) and trace upstream in the fishway in a reverse flow mode.
2. The full fishway system of factory building behind dam suitable for high and steep narrow topography of claim 1, wherein: the fishway (1) of the guide wall section in the factory dam comprises a foundation (1b) of the guide wall section in the factory dam and a pool chamber (1a) of the guide wall section in the factory dam, which is arranged above the foundation (1b) of the guide wall section in the factory dam; the top width of the pool chamber (1a) of the guide wall section in the dam is not less than 3m, so that the arrangement space of the fishway pool chamber is ensured.
3. The full fishway system of factory building behind dam suitable for high and steep narrow topography of claim 1, wherein: the tail water outlet section fishway (2) comprises a tail water outlet section basic column (2a) and a tail water outlet section pool chamber (2b) arranged above the tail water outlet section basic column (2 a); the tail water outlet section pool chamber (2b) adopts a simple beam structure form, and the back and forth spiral 2 sections are arranged on the tail water outlet section foundation column (2 a).
4. The full fishway system of factory building behind dam suitable for high and steep narrow topography of claim 1, wherein: the fishway (3) of the side wall section of the tail water channel comprises a side wall foundation (3a) of the tail water channel and a pool chamber (3b) of the side wall section of the tail water channel, which is arranged above the side wall foundation (3a) of the tail water channel; one end of the fishway (3) on the side wall of the tail water channel, which is close to the fishway (2) on the tail water outlet section, is provided with a water supplementing pool (13) and is connected with a water supplementing steel pipe (12) connected with the reservoir, and the water supplementing steel pipe (12) is used for supplementing the water flow of the fishway inlet (10).
5. The full fishway system of factory building behind dam suitable for high and steep narrow topography of claim 1, wherein: the reciprocating disc-folded ascending section fishway (4) comprises an ascending section foundation (4a), a plurality of ascending section foundation columns (4b) arranged above the ascending section foundation (4a), and an ascending section pool chamber (4c) arranged above the ascending section foundation columns (4 b); the two adjacent ascending section foundation columns (4b) are fixedly connected through an ascending section connecting beam (4d), and the distance between the upstream and downstream of the two adjacent ascending section foundation columns (4b) is 10-17 m; the ascending section pool chamber (4c) adopts a simple supporting beam structure form, and 2 sections of the ascending section pool chamber are arranged on the ascending section foundation column (4b) in a back-and-forth spiral mode; the turning parts at the two ends of the upstream and downstream of the reciprocating disc-folded ascending section fishway (4) are provided with ascending section turning pool chambers (4 e).
6. The full fishway system of factory building behind dam suitable for high and steep narrow topography of claim 1, wherein: the dam abutment slope section fishway (5) comprises a dam abutment slope section foundation (5b), a dam abutment slope section pool chamber (5a) arranged above the dam abutment slope section foundation (5b), and a fishway flow regulating pool (14) arranged on the dam abutment slope section fishway (5); the dam abutment slope section foundation (5b) is supported by an anchor rod (5c), so that the stability of the dam abutment slope section pool chamber (5a) and the dam abutment slope section pool chamber foundation (5b) is ensured; a notch is arranged on the side wall of the fishway flow regulating pool (14), redundant water bodies exceeding the notch in the fishway are discharged, and the discharged water bodies are led to a downstream river channel by a pipeline; the overflow flow Q of the fishway flow regulating pool (14) is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, σ c is the shrinkage coefficient of the notch side, σ s is the submerging coefficient, m is the flow coefficient, b is the width of the notch, and Ho is the height of the front water head of the upper weir of the notch.
7. The full fishway system of factory building behind dam suitable for high and steep narrow topography of claim 1, wherein: the dam-passing section fishway (6) is positioned in a dam (8) and comprises a dam-passing section pool chamber (6a), a dam-passing section dam body (6b), a flood gate slot (6c) and an opening and closing machine room (6 d); when the fishway runs, the flood gate is in an open state, and when the fishway runs in an emergency, the flood gate can be closed to protect the safety of the fishway.
8. The full fishway system of factory building behind dam suitable for high and steep narrow topography of claim 1, wherein: the inlet (10) comprises an inlet door slot (10a), an inlet fishway pool chamber side wall bottom plate (10b) and an inlet breast wall (10 c); the downstream tail end of the fishway (1) of the guide wall section in the dam is provided with 1 inlet (10); the downstream end of tail canal section side wall fishway (2) sets up 1 import (10), and its upstream head end sets up 2 imports (10).
9. The full fishway system of factory building behind dam suitable for high and steep narrow topography of claim 1, wherein: the front dam fishway (7) comprises a front dam foundation (7a), a front dam pool chamber (7b) arranged above the front dam foundation (7a), and an outlet (11) arranged at the upstream end of the front dam fishway (7); the top elevation of the side wall of the front-section pool chamber (7b) of the dam is higher than the highest water level of the upstream of the dam (8), so that flood flooding is avoided from flooding the fishway in the flood season; the outlet comprises an outlet door slot (11a), an outlet fishway pool chamber side wall bottom plate (11b) and an outlet breast wall (11 c); the distance between the outlet (11) and the upstream surface of the dam (8) is 100-300 m.
10. A construction method of the full fishway system of the factory building behind the dam suitable for the steep and narrow terrain as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, which comprises the following construction steps:
s1, pouring a foundation (1b) of a guide wall section in a factory dam, and constructing a pool chamber (1a) and an inlet (10) of the guide wall section in the factory dam at the upper part to form a fishway (1) of the guide wall section in the factory dam;
s2, pouring a tail water outlet section foundation column (2a) firstly, and then constructing a tail water outlet section pool chamber (2b) at the upper part to form a tail water outlet section fishway (2); the top elevation of the foundation column (2a) of the tail water outlet section is determined by the elevation of the bottom plate of the pool chamber (2b) of the tail water outlet section, and the pool chamber (2b) of the tail water outlet section can be hung on the foundation column (2a) of the tail water outlet section in a prefabricated mode and can also be poured by a vertical template on site;
s3, pouring a side wall foundation (3a) of the tail water channel, and then forming a pool chamber (3b) of the side wall section of the tail water channel to form a fishway (3) of the side wall section of the tail water channel;
s4, pouring an ascending section foundation (4a), constructing ascending section foundation columns (4b), and connecting two adjacent ascending section foundation columns (4b) through ascending section connecting beams (4d) to form a reciprocating coiled ascending section fishway (4); the ascending section pool chamber (4c) can be hung on the ascending section foundation (4a) in a prefabricated mode, and can also be poured by a site vertical template;
s5, pouring ascending section turning pool chambers 4e at two ends of the reciprocating disc-folded ascending section fishway (4), wherein the side wall thicknesses of the ascending section pool chambers 4c and the ascending section turning pool chambers 4e are 0.4-0.6 m, and the bottom plate thickness is 0.4-0.8 m;
s6, constructing a support anchor rod (5c), pouring a dam shoulder slope section foundation (5b), and constructing a dam shoulder slope section pool chamber (5a) to form a dam shoulder slope section fishway (5); the anchor rod (5c) can adopt a mortar anchor rod, and can also adopt a prestressed anchor rod or an anchor tendon support form;
s7, pouring the dam body (6b) of the dam-passing section to a certain elevation, constructing a pond room (6a) of the dam-passing section, arranging a flood gate slot (6c) and an opening and closing machine room (6d) in the fishway to form the fishway (6) of the dam-passing section, and arranging the opening and closing machine room (6d) on the top of the dam or in the dam body according to the elevation of a bottom plate of the fishway;
s8, pouring a dam front section foundation (7a) firstly, then constructing a dam front section pool chamber (7b), and arranging an outlet (11) at the upstream end of the dam front section fishway (7) to form the dam front section fishway (7).
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| CN202010640117.1A CN112195880B (en) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Full fishway system applicable to dam-behind type factory building in high and steep narrow terrain and construction method |
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| CN202010640117.1A CN112195880B (en) | 2020-07-06 | 2020-07-06 | Full fishway system applicable to dam-behind type factory building in high and steep narrow terrain and construction method |
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| CN112195880B CN112195880B (en) | 2022-06-14 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115434290A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-12-06 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Hydropower station rectification and river connectivity restoration structure |
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| KR20150109701A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-10-02 | 변찬우 | An ecologocal check dam having zigzag-typed fishways and the method for the construction |
| CN206220068U (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2017-06-06 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | The many fish pass imports of distributing |
| CN110468806A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-11-19 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of fish pass import or export structure being layered fish |
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| KR20150109701A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-10-02 | 변찬우 | An ecologocal check dam having zigzag-typed fishways and the method for the construction |
| CN104294803A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-21 | 四川大学 | Winding type fishway |
| CN204238191U (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-04-01 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of arrangement of high water head fish pass |
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| CN115434290A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-12-06 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Hydropower station rectification and river connectivity restoration structure |
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| CN112195880B (en) | 2022-06-14 |
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